Did You Know That…?

Did you know that…?

TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS …more than 14,000 fuel cells units for the niche transport application have been sold internationally, including materials handling devices such as forklifts1 …75% of fuel cells systems manufactured for niche transport applications in the period 2008-20092 were produced in Europe …fuel cell cars powered with renewable hydrogen have zero well-to-wheel emissions …fuel cells produce between 0g (for hydrogen produced from renewable sources) and ~85g (for hydrogen produced from fossil fuels) of CO2/km, compared to a gasoline internal combustion engine, which produces 3 approximately ~170g of CO2/km …hydrogen fuelled transport fuel cells improve general air quality by eliminating oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter from exhausts …neither biofuels, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) nor Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) can be commercialised in large scale without significant further development …by 2017, nearly 50,000 California customers could be driving fuel cell vehicles4 …to date, 250 demonstration fuel cell vehicles—passenger and transit buses—have been deployed on California’s roads5 …a mass produced fuel cell vehicle with 350-mile all-electric range is projected to cost less than plug-in hybrid and full battery-electric vehicle6 …Germany already has over 300 fuel cells vehicles on the road.

STATIONARY APPLICATIONS … more than 11,000 small stationary fuel cells units have been deployed globally7 … in 2008, the installed capacity of fuel cells in large scale stationary 8 applications reached 170MWe …Japan has 5,862 stationary fuel cells units under operation9

1 2009 Niche Transport Survey; Adamson K-A. ,Callaghan Jarram L.; Fuel Cell Today, August 2009 2 2009 Niche Transport Survey; Adamson K-A. ,Callaghan Jarram L.; Fuel Cell Today, August 2009 3 Well-to-Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context Well-to-Wheels Report version 2b, May 2006 4 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle and Station Deployment Plan: A Strategy for Meeting the Challenge Ahead Action Plan February 2009 5 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle and Station Deployment Plan: A Strategy for Meeting the Challenge Ahead Action Plan February 2009 6 Kromer & Heywood, "Electric Powertrains: Opportunities & Challenges in the U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Report # LFEE 2007-03RP, MIT, May, 2007, Table 53 7 Small Stationary Survey 2009, Adamson K-A, Fuel Cell Today, March 2009 8 Large Stationary Survey 2008, Adamson K-A., Fuel Cell Today, August 2008, Graph 3: Annual and Cumulative MWe Installed

… 6,000 fuel cell CHP units, commercially available today, rated at 400kWe (sufficient to power a supermarket or school) would deliver the same level of CO2 reductions as the proposed Severn Barrage, and could be in place in 5 years at more than 3 times lower capital cost 10

…if 5.6 million homes had microCHP installed by 2020, the saved CO2 emissions would be equivalent to the emissions from eight new 750MW Combined Cycle Gas Turbine power stations11

…a 2kW stationary fuel cell CHP unit can save up to 5 tonnes of CO2 per household per annum depending on the installation12 …fuel cells enable wider uptake of combined heat and power generation at 80-90% overall efficiency13

PORTABLE APPLICATIONS …more than 10,000 fuel cells units for portable applications were sold in 2008 alone14

HYDROGEN …more than 150 hydrogen refuelling stations have been in operation worldwide15 …for a given quantity of energy storage, compressed hydrogen storage costs are expected be 1/20 that of advanced lithium-ion batteries ($15/KWH vs. $320/KWH)16 …European research conducted as a part of the European HyWays project has shown that hydrogen deployment could reduce oil consumption in road transport by 40% by 205017

FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN INDUSTRY …the global fuel cell market could be worth over $26bn in 2020 and over $180bn in 2050. The UK share of this market could be $1bn in 2020 rising to $19bn in 2050.18

9 Personal communication with Ryozo Tanaka, Climate Change and Energy Team Leader, Science and Innovation Section, British Embassy Tokyo 10 (Calculation compares the total power output from a 400kWe rated CHP fuel cell unit, operating at 80% efficiency, with 40% electrical efficiency, assuming a 40% efficiency saving over fossil fuel grid power. Cardiff- Weston crossing of the Severn Barrage is estimated at 17TWh, as determined by Parsons and Brinckerhoff and DECC, see http://www.pbworld.co.uk/index.php?doc=627; Assumes installed cost of single 400 kWe fuel cell CHP unit at $1 million (currency exchange rate adopted at 1$ = 0.62676 GBP, as on 09.10.2009 www.xe.com) and Severn Barrage costs at £15 billion) 11 http://www.centrica.co.uk/index.asp?pageid=39&newsid=1175 12 www.cfcl.com.au; http://cerespower.com 13 http://www.cfcl.com.au/Value_Proposition/ 14 Portable Fuel Cell Survey 2009, Butler J., Fuel Cell Today, April 2009 15 2009 Hydrogen Infrastructure Survey, Callaghan Jerram L. & Dehamna A., Fuel Cell Today, June 2009 16 Kromer & Heywood, "Electric Powertrains: Opportunities & Challenges in the U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet Report # LFEE 2007-03RP, MIT, May, 2007, Table 53 17 IMF, 2006; IEA, 2004; Greene, 2005 in HyWays; The European Hydrogen Roadmap; 2008 18 http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/News/presscentre/091009_Polymer_fuelcell_challenge.htm

…the global fuel cell and hydrogen market is projected to be worth $8.5billion (CAD) (£4.89billion) in 201619 …the fuel cell sector is expanding rapidly, and experienced a 22% gain in fuel cell specific employment in 2006, building on a 12% increase in 200520 …between 2003 and 2008 the fuel cell and hydrogen industry created 2,000 green collar jobs in Canada alone21 …In the USA, more than 630 companies and laboratories in 47 states are investing $1 billion a year in fuel cell and hydrogen22 …in 2008, approximately 3,870 organizations worldwide were involved in fuel cells, hydrogen energy and related nanotechnology; associated spending was an estimated $8.4 billion.23

RESEARCH AND ACADEMIA …1 in 9 universities in the UK has active R&D programmes in hydrogen and 1 in 20 undertakes research into fuel cells 24 …in 2008, this community provided 344 full time jobs and postdoctoral positions 25 …total university funding in FY2008 for hydrogen and fuel cell research topped £29 million; over 9% of this came from industry, and well over 75% came from UK sources 26 …15 spins out have been created so far from the research being done in UK universities, with at least 5 more in the pipeline27

19 10 Reasons to Support Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Funding, CHFCA, Available from http://www.chfca.ca/files/10%2520Reasons%2520Brochure.pdf 20 http://www.usfcc.com/resources/2007worldwide_survey_final_low.pdf 21 10 Reasons to Support Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Funding, CHFCA, Available from http://www.chfca.ca/files/10%2520Reasons%2520Brochure.pdf 22 Five Reasons to Restore Hydrogen and Fuel Cell in FY 2010 Budget; US FCC; 2009 23 Fuel Cells, Hydrogen Energy and Related Nanotechnology—A Global Industry and Market Analysis, iRAP, http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2279493/nanotechnology_critical_to_future_180.html?cat=3 24 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Activities in UK Universities – the Value to the UK Economy, Admson K-A & Butler J., Fuel Cell Today, May 2009, Low Carbon and Fuel Cell Technology KTN 25 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Activities in UK Universities – the Value to the UK Economy, Admson K-A & Butler J., Fuel Cell Today, May 2009, Low Carbon and Fuel Cell Technology KTN 26 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Activities in UK Universities – the Value to the UK Economy, Admson K-A & Butler J., Fuel Cell Today, May 2009, Low Carbon and Fuel Cell Technology KTN 27 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Activities in UK Universities – the Value to the UK Economy, Admson K-A & Butler J., Fuel Cell Today, May 2009, Low Carbon and Fuel Cell Technology KTN

INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT FOR FUEL CELLS

Country Government Support to 28 Fuel Cells in GBP29 US £368m annually until 2014 £1,727.78/kW purchase incentive tax credit India £28.7m per year for R&D and commercialization China £34.5m per year for R&D and commercialization Denmark £17.29m per year EU £461.22m over six years Germany £0.63 billion until 2017 Japan £219m in 2008 for R&D and commercialization Korea £57.63m per year for R&D and commercialization30

…in twenty-seven US states electricity from fuel cell stationary power plants is eligible for clean electricity feed-in tariff programs31

FUEL CELLS AND GREEN JOBS CREATION …a DOE study estimates a net increase of fuel cell related jobs of 361,000 in the US by 205032 …California alone could see up to 25,000 new jobs within the fuel cell supply chain by 205033 …the global fuel cell industry could create 700,000 green manufacturing jobs over the next decade34

28 10 Reasons to Support Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Funding, CHFCA, Available from http://www.chfca.ca/files/10%2520Reasons%2520Brochure.pdf 29 As on 30th November 2009, 1 CAD = 0.576369 GBP, www.xe.com 30 Courtesy of Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Association 31 10 Reasons to Support Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Funding, CHFCA, Available from http://www.chfca.ca/files/10%2520Reasons%2520Brochure.pdf 32 Effects of a Transition to a Hydrogen Economy on Employment in the United States, Department of Energy, July 2008 33 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle and Station Deployment Plan: A Strategy for Meeting the Challenge Ahead Action Plan February 2009 34 http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/online/news/articles/2010-01/Fuel-Cell-Industry-Could-Create-