DOCSLIB.ORG

Tidal Power in the UK

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tidal Power in the UK Tidal Power in the UK Research Report 5 - UK case studies An evidence-based report by AEA Energy & Environment for the Sustainable Development Commission October 2007 Tidal energy case studies Review of seven UK tidal energy case studies Report to the Sustainable Development Commission ED Number ED02701100 Issue Number 1 Date October 2007 Seven UK tidal energy case studies AEA/ED02701/ Issue 1 \\LER330FS\COMMON\GB536DF\SDC\WORK PROGRAMME\ENERGY\TIDAL PROJECT\RESEARCH REPORTS\CONTRACT 5 - AEA\FINAL DRAFT - OCTOBER\20071011AEACONTRACT5FINAL.DOC Seven UK tidal energy case studies AEA/ED02701/ Issue 1 Title Review of seven UK tidal energy case studies Customer Sustainable Development Commission Customer reference Tidal power project research contracts contract no. 5. ITT dated 13th October 2006 Confidentiality, This report is the Copyright of the Sustainable Development copyright and Commission and has been prepared by AEA Technology plc under reproduction contract to Sustainable Development Commission dated 14 November 2006. The contents of this report may not be reproduced in whole or in part, nor passed to any organisation or person without the specific prior written permission of Sustainable Development Commission AEA Technology plc accepts no liability whatsoever to any third party for any loss or damage arising from any interpretation or use of the information contained in this report, or reliance on any views expressed therein File reference Reference number ED ED02701 - Issue 1 AEA Energy & Environment The Gemini Building Fermi Avenue Harwell Didcot OX11 0QR t: 0870 190 6083 f: 0870 190 6336 AEA Energy & Environment is a business name of AEA Technology plc AEA Energy & Environment is certificated to ISO9001 and ISO14001 Author Name James Craig, Howard Rudd, Philip Michael (AEA Energy & Environment). Scott Couch (University of Edinburgh), John Hartley (Hartley Anderson) Approved by Name Philip Michael Signature Date AEA Energy & Environment iii Seven UK tidal energy case studies AEA/ED02701/ Issue 1 iv AEA Energy & Environment Seven UK tidal energy case studies AEA/ED02701/ Issue 1 Executive summary As part of a wide ranging review of the UK’s tidal energy potential, the Sustainable Development Commission (SDC) has commissioned a series of five reports to evaluate various aspects of tidal power in the UK. This report consists of a series of seven case studies of different tidal energy technologies around the UK. These case studies were selected to illustrate different tidal energy technology concepts from a range of different locations throughout the UK (Figure 1.1). It should be emphasised that these case studies are not based on any proposed commercial projects. In each example the background to the scheme is outlined including the rationale for the location, the capital cost, energy output and estimated carbon savings. Each case study also includes a section on regional benefits including employment, related benefits from tourism, leisure pursuits or where appropriate transport infrastructure might also be developed. The potential environmental impacts that each scheme might cause are also outlined including the preliminary conclusions from previous studies. Table 1 Summary of key data from tidal energy case studies Technology Region mean Spring Annual tidal range (m) Installed CO2 Average Case study or peak Spring Capacity saved/year Energy Output current velocity (MW) (tonnes) (GWh/year) (m/sec)* Strangford Lough Tidal Current Northern 3.0* 30 137.14 58,910 Tidal Current Array Ireland Pentland Firth Tidal Current Northern 4.15* 195.75 636.74 273,798 Tidal Current Array Scotland Liverpool Bay Tidal lagoon North Wales 6.7 340 938.0 403,424 lagoon Tidal energy North West Mersey Barrage 8.0 700 1,450.0 623,500 barrage England Tidal energy South Wales Loughor Barrage 3.9 5 15.1 6,622 barrage Tidal energy North West Duddon Barrage 5.8 100 212.0 91,160 barrage England Tidal energy North West Wyre Barrage 6.6 63.6 133.0 57,190 barrage England Strangford Narrows tidal current array This case study is based on a hypothetical array of tidal current devices deployed in Strangford Narrows, which connects the Strangford Lough with the open sea. The exchange of water between the lough and the sea creates strong currents with peak velocities typically over 3m/s. As there are no commercial tidal current devices we have chosen for our case studies a pile mounted, twin rotor concept similar to MCT’s SeaGen concept. This concept is one of the best known and most advanced tidal current devices. It must be emphasised that MCT have no plans for commercial development of this technology at this site. This case study was selected to illustrate the full range of potential environmental impacts from tidal AEA Energy & Environment v Seven UK tidal energy case studies AEA/ED02701/ Issue 1 current technology and because we were required to include at least one case study from Northern Ireland. This tidal stream concept is a pile-mounted device and is best suited to sites where the water is up to 40m deep. The machine has two, 16m diameter, two-bladed rotors attached to the ends of a horizontal cross beam that is supported on a vertical pile. The pile is a steel tube 3m in diameter, 55m long and weighs 270 tonnes. It is cemented into a 21m deep socket that is drilled into the seabed. The rotors always point in the same direction but can be operated on both the ebb and flood tides by changing pitch of the blades through 180°. In this example the distance between the centres of the two rotors is 27m. This means that there is an 11m gap between the edges of the disks swept out by the two rotors. This will prevent the wake of the pile impinging on the rotors when they are downstream of the pile. The clearance between the rotor disk and the seabed is 5m and at low tide the rotors occupy two thirds of the depth of the water column. The powertrains (rotors, gearboxes and generators) are mounted on the cross beam, which is attached to a collar that can slide up and down the pile. Hydraulic rams lift the crossbeam and rotors out of the water for inspection and maintenance. The control systems are in a pod on the top of the pile and the transformer is in the top of the pile just below the pod. It must be stressed that tidal current technology is still at an early stage of development and capital and operating costs and performance have yet to be determined and are highly uncertain. We have therefore assessed the cost of energy for a range of possible future capital costs, between £6,000/kW installed and £1,000/kW installed.. The highest figure we used was derived from the published information on the Government grant to SeaGen, together with assumptions about how much of that is for the machine itself; this gives an estimated capital cost of the project of £183 million, which is equivalent to ~£6,000/kW. However, some caution needs to be applied to this estimate because it is based on a technology at a very early stage of development. Experience from other technologies has shown that through economies of scale, experience and innovation, technologies that can be deployed in modular units should be able to achieve cost reductions. However, the extent of future cost reduction that may be achieved is not known. A machine at this location could be designed to produce up to 1MW of electricity when the water velocity is 2.8m/s. At lower water speeds it would produce correspondingly less electricity, roughly in proportion to the cube of the current speed. An array of these devices could generate an estimated 137.14 GWh/year at the following unit costs of generation. Capacity Energy Capital cost Unit Cost of generation (p/kWh) Output (£/kW (% discount rate assuming a 20 year installed) technical life) (MW) (GWh/year) 3.5% 8% 10% 15% 30 137.14 6,000 12.45 15.30 16.63 20.02 30 137.14 1,000 2.07 2.55 2.77 3.34 Although there are no plans that we are aware of, a hypothetical array in the Strangford Narrows could benefit the local economy by about £9.2 million. The Belfast shipyard, Harland and Wolfe, could provide a reliable regional base for assembly of the device components prior to shipment and installation in the Strangford Narrows. There would be a limited demand for possibly 5 permanent staff on site to operate the array. vi AEA Energy & Environment Seven UK tidal energy case studies AEA/ED02701/ Issue 1 Strangford Lough is a popular area for recreational activities including water sports, boating, sailing, walking, bird watching are tourism. The array would be confined to the Narrows and would not necessarily affect these activities elsewhere although the presence of prominent monopile structures in this stretch of water would present a collision risk for vessels moving within the Narrows. Strangford Lough and the Narrows have important nature conservation status and are protected by five different designations. Strangford Narrows is a Special Protection Area, a Marine Nature Reserve and an Area of Special Scientific Interest. These designations would be important to any development activity considered or proposed for Strangford Lough. There are specific concerns that submerged turbines might present a collision risk to marine mammals and possibly to sea birds above the water. During construction there is potential for contamination of the sea-bed and temporary increases in turbidity. Tidal current turbines could cause localised changes to tidal flows and sediment transport, although the extent of these changes has not been quantified by research. The monopile structures would be clearly visible from each shore of the Narrows as slim linear features.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Scoping Study On: Research Into Changes in Sediment Dynamics Linked to Marine Renewable Energy Installations
    A Scoping Study on: Research into Changes in Sediment Dynamics Linked to Marine Renewable Energy Installations Laurent Amoudry3, Paul S. Bell3, Kevin S. Black2, Robert W. Gatliff1 Rachel Helsby2, Alejandro J. Souza3, Peter D. Thorne3, Judith Wolf3 April 2009 1British Geological Survey Murchison House West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3LA [email protected] www.bgs.ac.uk 2Partrac Ltd 141 St James Rd Glasgow G4 0LT [email protected] www.partrac.com 3Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Joseph Proudman Building 6 Brownlow Street Liverpool L3 5DA, www.pol.ac.uk 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study scopes research into the impacts and benefits of large-scale coastal and offshore marine renewable energy projects in order to allow NERC to develop detailed plans for research activities in the 2009 Theme Action Plans. Specifically this study focuses on understanding changes in sediment dynamics due to renewable energy structures. Three overarching science ideas have emerged where NERC could provide a significant contribution to the knowledge base. Research into these key areas has the potential to help the UK with planning, regulation and monitoring of marine renewable installations in a sustainable way for both stakeholders and the environment. A wide ranging consultation with stakeholders was carried out encompassing regulators, developers, researchers and other marine users with a relevance to marine renewable energy and/or sediment dynamics. Based on this consultation a review of the present state of knowledge has been produced, and a relevant selection of recent and current research projects underway within the UK identified to which future NERC funded research could add value. A great deal of research has already been done by other organisations in relation to the wind sector although significant gaps remain, particularly in long term and far-field effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Caithness County Council
    Caithness County Council RECORDS’ IDENTITY STATEMENT Reference number: CC Alternative reference number: Title: Caithness County Council Dates of creation: 1720-1975 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 10 bays of shelving Format: Mainly paper RECORDS’ CONTEXT Name of creators: Caithness County Council Administrative history: 1889-1930 County Councils were established under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. They assumed the powers of the Commissioners of Supply, and of Parochial Boards, excluding those in Burghs, under the Public Health Acts. The County Councils also assumed the powers of the County Road Trusts, and as a consequence were obliged to appoint County Road Boards. Powers of the former Police Committees of the Commissioners were transferred to Standing Joint Committees, composed of County Councillors, Commissioners and the Sheriff of the county. They acted as the police committee of the counties - the executive bodies for the administration of police. The Act thus entrusted to the new County Councils most existing local government functions outwith the burghs except the poor law, education, mental health and licensing. Each county was divided into districts administered by a District Committee of County Councillors. Funded directly by the County Councils, the District Committees were responsible for roads, housing, water supply and public health. Nucleus: The Nuclear and Caithness Archive 1 Provision was also made for the creation of Special Districts to be responsible for the provision of services including water supply, drainage, lighting and scavenging. 1930-1975 The Local Government Act (Scotland) 1929 abolished the District Committees and Parish Councils and transferred their powers and duties to the County Councils and District Councils (see CC/6).
    [Show full text]
  • Agecroft in Steam
    ( ?I ~- - - ~"~ _., -- ........... / -- . , ·--....., __ t) \ ,-- The 1960's saw a dramatic change m the use of The 'A' station system was abandoned early m steam locomotion in the North West of 1947 as construction of 'B' station cooling to Cl!Jton Junc1:c'n ) England. Within the short space of 8 years the towers severed the line. Between then and its QI✓ . familiar sight of a steam-hauled train closure the 'A' station received coal by road. {not all 1he rm,ways shown exi~ad al the some time vanished completely from British Rail. For a A Stallon .,:· :·, ,: ' _::' .·. ·-~ ·.. while steam continued to be used at some ·'..,·.'. _. 1, · ,_ c · ·n... c····. ~:·y···,--·· Reception Sidings industrial sites in Lancashire but now only II AG hopper Agecroft Power Station, near Manchester, .if •i•>,c': fp , ' . ,. Ill ·• continues the tradition. Three power stations (A, B and C ) have been A completely ne w coal handling system using developed on the Agecroft site smce 1925 and steam locomotives, was built on a separate each has used a rrnl system in its coal site· to se rve···•· both 'B ' and 'C' stations. A senes of handling. lines, approximately I mile lung, was coalslockmg construc ted running from the original gmundwilh ,:···. ~ ~ -c·,.' .-:B.ft. .,. ....:;: y ·:·:· conveyor to Agecroft Junc tion. The line passed crone lrack (standard gmrgel -.. ~~:: .. ·~&--... 2 loco sheds and fanned into wagon sidings ,,,. .-n:v ...' ... which converged lo pass through the tippler. .. .. A new conveyor was built to take the coal over . .. ... the British Rail line and the canal to the power The original 'A' statio,n used a 2' 6" gauge station.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Greater Manchester
    Exploring Greater Manchester a fieldwork guide Web edition edited by Paul Hindle Original printed edition (1998) edited by Ann Gardiner, Paul Hindle, John McKendrick and Chris Perkins Exploring Greater Manchester 5 5. Urban floodplains and slopes: the human impact on the environment in the built-up area Ian Douglas University of Manchester [email protected] A. The River Mersey STOP 1: Millgate Lane, Didsbury The urban development of Manchester has modified From East Didsbury station and the junction of the A34 runoff to rivers (see Figure 1), producing changes in and A5145, proceed south along Parrs Wood Road and into flood behaviour, which have required expensive remedial Millgate Lane, Stop at the bridge over the floodbasin inlet measures, particularly, the embankment of the Mersey from channel at Grid Reference (GR) 844896 (a car can be turned Stockport to Ashton weir near Urmston. In this embanked round at the playing fields car park further on). Looking reach, runoff from the urban areas includes natural channels, south from here the inlet channel from the banks of the storm drains and overflows from combined sewers. Mersey can be seen. At flood times the gates of the weir on Alternative temporary storages for floodwaters involve the Mersey embankment can be opened to release water into release of waters to floodplain areas as in the Didsbury flood the Didsbury flood basin that lies to the north. Here, and at basin and flood storage of water in Sale and Chorlton water other sites along the Mersey, evidence of multi-purpose use parks. This excursion examines the reach of the Mersey from of the floodplain, for recreation and wildlife conservation as Didsbury to Urmston.
    [Show full text]
  • Erection of 3 Turbines at Achlachan Wind Farm, Mybster, by Watten
    Agenda The Highland Council 6.1 Item North Planning Applications Committee Report PLN/052/15 15 September 2015 No 15/01831/FUL : Whirlwind Renewables Limited Achlachan Wind Farm, Mybster, by Watten, Caithness. Report by Head of Planning and Building Standards Summary Description : Erection of 3 turbines (110m max tip height) together with associated infrastructure. Recommendation - GRANT planning permission. Ward : 04 - Landward Caithness. Development category : Local Development. Pre-determination hearing : None. Reason referred to Committee : Objection by Statutory Consultee. 1. Proposed Development 1.1 The application is for three turbines with a potential output of 7.5MW adjacent to the consented but as yet not built 5 turbine Achlachan Wind Farm. The key elements of the application include: - 3 turbines (each 2.5MW) with a maximum tip height of 110m; Access tracks totalling around 1,220m; Underground cables linking with the consented control building. 1.2 The application seeks to utilise the approximate footprint of 3 turbines previously approved but not built at the northern end of Causeymire Wind Farm. It will form part of the larger cluster of turbines / wind farms emerging in this area including at Causeymire (operational), Bad a Cheo (approved), Halsary (approved) and Achlachan (approved) wind farms. Turbines sizes within the wider cluster vary between 99m – 112m to blade tip. 1.3 The turbine parts will be delivered to the site from Wick harbour as abnormal loads. The route to be used by the specialised delivery vehicles will be via the A882 Wick to Thurso road, then the A9 from Georgemas and then to site via the local B870 Westerdale road from Mybster / Spittal.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Power
    No.59 z iii "Ill ~ 2 er0 Ill Ill 0 Nuclear Family Pia nning p3 Chernobyl Broadsheet ·, _ I. _ . ~~~~ George Pritchar d speaks CONTENTS COMMENT The important nuclear development since the Nuclear Family Planning 3 last SCRAM Journal was the Government's The CEGB's plans, and the growing opposition, after Sizewell B by go ahead for Sizewell B: the world's first HUGH RICHARDS. reactor order since Chernobyl, and Britain's News 4-6 first since the go ahead was given to Torness Accidents Will Happen 1 and Heysham 2 in 1978. Of great concern is Hinkley Seismic Shocker 8-9 the CEGB's announced intention to build "a A major article on seismic safety of nuclear plants in which JAMES small fanilty• of PWRs, starting with Hinkley GARRETT reveals that Hinkley Point C. At the time of the campaign In the Point sits on a geological fault. south west to close the Hinkley A Magnox Trouble at Trawsfynydd 10-11 station, and .a concerted push in Scotland to A summary of FoE's recent report on increasing radiation levels from prevent the opening of Torness, another Trawsfynydd's by PATRICK GREEN. nuclear announcement is designed to divide Pandora's POX 12 and demoralise the opposition. But, it should The debate over plutonium transport make us more determined. The article on the to and from Dounreay continues by facing page gives us hope: the local PETE MUTTON. authorities on Severnside are joining forces CHERNOBYL BROADSHEET to oppose Hinkley C, and hopefully they will Cock-ups and Cover-ups work closely with local authorities in other "Sacrificed to • • • Nuclear Power" threatened areas - Lothian Region, The Soviet Experience Northumberland, the County Council Coalition "An Agonising Decision• 13 against waste dumping and the Nuclear Free GEORGE PRITCHARD explains why Zones - to formulate a national anti-nuclear he left Greenpeoce and took a job strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Energy River: Realising Energy Potential from the River Mersey
    The Energy River: Realising Energy Potential from the River Mersey June 2017 Amani Becker, Andy Plater Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZT Judith Wolf National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool L3 5DA This page has been intentionally left blank ii Acknowledgements The work herein has been funded jointly by the University of Liverpool’s Knowledge Exchange and Impact Voucher Scheme and Liverpool City Council. The contribution of those involved in the project through Liverpool City Council, Christine Darbyshire, and Liverpool City Region LEP, James Johnson and Mark Knowles, is gratefully acknowledged. The contribution of Michela de Dominicis of the National Oceanography Centre, Liverpool, for her work producing a tidal array scenario for the Mersey Estuary is also acknowledged. Thanks also to the following individuals approached during the timeframe of the project: John Eldridge (Cammell Laird), Jack Hardisty (University of Hull), Neil Johnson (Liverpool City Council) and Sue Kidd (University of Liverpool). iii This page has been intentionally left blank iv Executive summary This report has been commissioned by Liverpool City Council (LCC) and joint-funded through the University of Liverpool’s Knowledge Exchange and Impact Voucher Scheme to explore the potential to obtain renewable energy from the River Mersey using established and emerging technologies. The report presents an assessment of current academic literature and the latest industry reports to identify suitable technologies for generation of renewable energy from the Mersey Estuary, its surrounding docks and Liverpool Bay. It also contains a review of energy storage technologies that enable cost-effective use of renewable energy. The review is supplemented with case studies where technologies have been implemented elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the Flood Greenhouse Effect Plutonium Flights of Fancy Ministry
    ., Th~ Safe Energy ,J - Journal - July I August 19 88 75p Before the Flood Greenhouse Effect Plutonium Fl ights of Fancy Ministry of Truth - Chernobyl Lies CONTENTS COMMENT Flights of Fancy? 3 In the words of Or Tom Wheldon, at the Fourth STEVE MARTIN reviews the regulatory Annual Low Level Radiation and Health Conference log-jam in the US over planned held in Stirling, to say that radiation has existed in plutonium flights from Europe to Japan. the environment since the dawn of humankind and News 4-7 is therefore not a problem is just as daft as saying Ministry of Truth 8-9 that crocodiles have been around since the begin­ PATRICK GREEN accuses MAFF of ning with no perceived adverse effects - they will trying to rewrite history in their evidence to the Agriculture Com­ still bite your leg off, given half a chance. mittee. The Irresistible Force 10-11 The second report on the incidence of childhood meets the Immovable Object leukaemia near Dounreay from COMARE, of which ANDREW HOLMES asks what will Or Wheldon is a member, is a valuable contribution happen to nuclear research after privatisation. to the debate; but don't forget what happened to Snug as a Bug ••• 12 the 1976 Flowers Report. For the uninitiated, DON ARNOTT assesses the evidence Flowers recommended, among other things, that no that bacteria have been found in the large scale nuclear power ordering programme be burned-out core of the Three Mile Is­ land reactor. embarked on until the nuclear waste problem had Milk of Human Kindness? 14-15 been solved.
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda Document for Chorley and South Ribble CCG Governing Body
    Chorley and South Ribble CCG Governing Body - Part 1 25 September 2019 at 2.30 pm Victoria Room, Farrington Lodge Hotel, Stanifield Lane, Farington, Lancashire, Preston PR25 4QR Item Agenda Item Objectives/ Presented By Time No Desired Outcomes 1 Welcome and Apologies for Dr G Bangi 2.30 pm Absence Verbal 2 Declarations and Register of To provide Dr G Bangi 2.32 pm Interests (Pages 5 - 14) assurance Assurance 3 Minutes of Previous Meeting For group approval Dr G Bangi 2.35 pm (Pages 15 - 34) Approval 4 Matters Arising (Pages 35 - To update the Dr G Bangi 2.40 pm 36) group Discussion Standing Items 5 Chair's Update To update the Dr G Bangi 2.45 pm group Verbal Board Assurance 6 Governing Body Assurance To provide Mr M Gaunt 2.55 pm Framework and Corporate assurance Assurance Risk Register (Pages 37 - 104) Strategy 7 Integrated Care System (ICS) To update the Mr D Gizzi 3.05 pm Update (Pages 105 - 136) group Discussion 8 Integrated Care Partnership To update the Mr D Gizzi 3.15 pm (ICP) Update (Pages 137 - group Discussion 192) 9 Our Health Our Care (OHOC) To update the Mr D Gizzi 3.25 pm Programme Update (Pages group Discussion 193 - 200) Operational Delivery 10 Integrated Board Report To update the Mrs H Curtis 3.45 pm Agenda Chorley and South Ribble CCG Governing Body - Part 1 Meeting MEETING HELD IN PUBLIC (Pages 201 - 306) group Mr M Gaunt Mrs J Mellor Discussion 11 Financial Performance Report To update the Mr M Gaunt 3.50 pm (Pages 307 - 326) group Discussion Governance and Quality 12 Healthier Lancashire and To update the Mr M Gaunt
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Farm at Bad a Cheo by RWE Npower
    THE HIGHLAND COUNCIL Agenda Item 3.2 NORTH PLANNING APPLICATIONS COMMITTEE Report No PLN/080/13 17 September 2013 Erection of 13 wind turbines, hard standings, anemometer mast, wind farm control building, temporary construction compound, lay down area and access tracks at Achkeepster, Caithness. 12/02868/FUL: Bad a Cheo Wind Farm, RWE Npower Renewables Ltd Report by Head of Planning and Building Standards SUMMARY Description: The proposal is a 13 turbine wind farm development with installed capacity of 32.5MW located at a site approximately 15km south of Thurso and 19km west of Wick, in Caithness, adjacent to the A9(T). The operational Causeymire Wind Farm operated by RWE NRL, lies immediately to the north. The turbines will be a maximum of 105m to blade tip in height. Access will be taken directly from the A9(T). Recommendation: GRANT planning permission. Ward: 4 – Landward Caithness Development category: Major. Pre-determination hearing: None Reason referred to Committee: More than 5 objections. 1.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 1.1 It is proposed to erect 13 wind turbines each of up to 2.5MW power rating (32.5MW in total) and associated infrastructure including control building, cabling, access tracks, watercourse crossings, hard standings, and a permanent wind monitoring mast. 1.2 The proposed wind turbines will have a maximum overall height of 105 metres to blade tip. No rotor diameter has been specified. A 60 metre high anemometry mast is proposed south of turbine 6. 1.3 A new site access will be constructed directly from the A9(T), south of the current Causeymire Wind Farm access.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution Network Review
    A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK REVIEW ETSU K/EL/00188/REP Contractor P B Power Merz & McLellan Division PREPARED BY R J Fairbairn D Maunder P Kenyon The work described in this report was carried out under contract as part of the New and Renewable Energy Programme, managed by the Energy Technology Support Unit (ETSU) on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry. The views and judgements expressed in this report are those of the contractor and do not necessarily reflect those of ETSU or the Department of Trade and Industry.__________ First published 1999 © Crown copyright 1999 Page iii 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................1.1 2. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................2.1 3. BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................................3.1 3.1 Description of the existing electricity supply system in England , Scotland and Wales ...3.1 3.2 Summary of PES Licence conditions relating to the connection of embedded generation 3.5 3.3 Summary of conditions required to be met by an embedded generator .................................3.10 3.4 The effect of the Review of Electricity Trading Arrangements (RETA)..............................3.11 4. THE ABILITY OF THE UK DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS TO ACCEPT EMBEDDED GENERATION...................................................................................................................................................4.1
    [Show full text]
  • Leyland Historical Society
    LEYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY (Founded 1968) Registered Charity No. 1024919 PRESIDENT Mr. W. E. Waring CHAIR VICE-CHAIR Mr. P. Houghton Mrs. E. F. Shorrock HONORARY SECRETARY HONORARY TREASURER Mr. M. J. Park Mr. E. Almond Tel: (01772) 337258 AIMS To promote an interest in history generally and that of the Leyland area in particular MEETINGS Held on the first Monday of each month (September to July inclusive) at 7.30 pm in The Shield Room, Banqueting Suite, Civic Centre, West Paddock, Leyland SUBSCRIPTIONS Vice Presidents: £10.00 per annum Members: £10.00 per annum School Members: £1.00 per annum Casual Visitors: £3.00 per meeting A MEMBER OF THE LANCASHIRE LOCAL HISTORY FEDERATION THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE and THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR LOCAL HISTORY Visit the Leyland Historical Society's Web Site at: http//www.leylandhistoricalsociety.co.uk C O N T E N T S Page Title Contributor 4 Editorial Mary Longton 5 Society Affairs Peter Houghton 7 From a Red Letter Day to days with Red Letters Joan Langford 11 Fascinating finds at Haydock Park Edward Almond 15 The Leyland and Farington Mechanics’ Institution Derek Wilkins Joseph Farington: 3rd December 1747 to Joan Langford 19 30th December 1821 ‘We once owned a Brewery’ – W & R Wilkins of Derek Wilkins 26 Longton 34 More wanderings and musings into Memory Lane Sylvia Thompson Railway trip notes – Leyland to Manchester Peter Houghton 38 Piccadilly Can you help with the ‘Industrial Heritage of Editor 52 Leyland’ project? Lailand Chronicle No. 56 Editorial Welcome to the fifty-sixth edition of the Lailand Chronicle.
    [Show full text]