Vattenfall Annual Report 2005

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vattenfall Annual Report 2005 FIVE AMBITIONS FOR BECOMING NUMBER ONE ANNUAL REPORT 2005 contents Financial calendar 2006 Chief Executive Officer’s message 2—4 8 February Year-end Report VAT TEN Mid-March Annual Report 2005 Important events 5 27 April Three-month Interim Report The year in brief 6—7 27 April Annual General Meeting F Vattenfall’s strategies 8—9 27 July Six-month Interim Report ALL Vattenfall’s world 31 October Nine-month Interim Report ANNUAL REPORT 2005 The European energy market 12—15 The competition 16—19 Investor Relations Pricing 22—25 Klaus Aurich, [email protected] Monica Edblad, [email protected] Renewable energy and energy efficiency measures 26—29 Susanna Hjertonsson, [email protected] Telephone +46 8 739 50 00 Sustainability work 30—31 Vattenfall’s markets The Nordic Countries 34—36 Other publications September Corporate Social Responsibility Report Germany 37—39 November Electricity Market Report Poland 42—43 All reports can be ordered from Facts about Vattenfall’s markets 44—45 Vattenfall AB, SE-162 87 Stockholm, Sweden Telephone +46 8 739 50 00, e-mail info vattenfall.com Employees and competence 48—49 @ Five ambitions For Corporate Governance Report 50—56 Further information about Vattenfall The Board’s report on internal control 57 can be found on Vattenfall’s homepages: becoming number one www.vattenfall.com (English) The Board and www.vattenfall.se (Swedish) Executive Group Management 58—59 Risks and risk management 60—63 Financial information Administration Report 64—67 Consolidated accounts 68—74 Notes to the consolidated accounts 76—103 Parent company’s Vattenfall AB (publ) accounts including notes 104—111 SE-162 87 Stockholm, Sweden Tel +46 8 739 50 00 Proposed distribution Swedish corporate identity number 556036–2138 of profits,Audit Report 112 www.vattenfall.com www.vattenfall.se Key ratios, definitions 113 Eight-year review 114 Quarterly review 115 Glossary 116 Energy terms 117 about energy Energy terms Units of power Power is energy per unit of time this is vattenFall Power is expressed in Watts (W) 1 kW (kilowatt) = 1,000 W 1 MW (megawatt) = 1,000 kW 1 GW (gigawatt) = 1,000,000 kW Vattenfall is Europe’s fourth largest generator of electricity and the largest generator of heat. External net sales and EBIT per market, 2005 Vattenfall’s markets Units of energy The Group’s sales amounted to SEK 129,158 million in 2005. Vattenfall’s vision is to be a Nordic Countries Energy is power multiplied by time Vattenfall generates roughly 20 per cent of the electricity consumed 1 kWh (kilowatt hour) = 1 kW expended over an hour leading European power company. The company currently has operations in Sweden, Finland, in the Nordic countries. Electricity generation is almost exclusively 1 MWh (megawatt-hour) = 1,000 kWh comprised of nuclear power and hydro power. Electricity is sold to 1 GWh (gigawatt-hour) = 1,000,000 kWh approximately 0,9 million customers throughout the Nordic countries. Denmark, Germany and Poland. Vattenfall is active at all stages of the electricity value chain Vattenfall also has considerable heat generation operations, largely 1 TWh (terawatt-hour) = 1,000,000,000 kWh based on biofuel, and sells district heating and so-called thermal heat. — generation, transmission, distribution and sales. Vattenfall is also active in electricity trading Distribution owns and operates electricity networks and distributes Voltage electricity to 1.3 million network customers in Sweden and Finland. 1 kV (kilovolt) = 1,000 volt (V) and generates, distributes and sells heat. The group has more than 32,000 employees and Vattenfall also conducts consulting, contracting and R&D activities, primarily within the energy sector. the parent company, Vattenfall AB, is wholly owned by the Swedish State. 41 Germany Energy units in practice Vattenfall generates almost 14 per cent of the electricity consumed in 1 kWh is enough to run a standard Swedish car heater for about an Germany, making it the country’s third largest generator of electricity. 1 Sales and operating profit Profitability Total electricity generation 14 About 87 per cent of the generation comes from fossil fuels, primarily hour or an 11 W low energy light bulb for almost four days. Sales, Operating profit, based on the company’s own lignite mining. Vattenfall’s coal-fired SEK millions SEK millions % TWh power plants are among the most modern in the world. Vattenfall also 1 MWh is enough to heat a small house for a couple of weeks and 70 150,000 30,000 30 75 Nordic generates heat and has considerable district heating sales, primarily is generated in 20 minutes by Vattenfall’s largest wind turbine in Countries in Berlin and Hamburg. In the electricity network sector, Vattenfall windy conditions. owns and operates high-voltage as well as regional and local 43% 120,000 24,000 24 60 42% networks. There are a total of about 3.4 million network customers and about 2.9 million electricity customers. 1 GWh is enough to meet the energy needs of an average Swedish 37% town with a population of 100,000 for 8 hours and can be generated 35% 90,000 18,000 18 45 9 Poland in one hour by the Harsprånget hydro plant or in 20 minutes by the 0,8 Heat generation and sales comprise the majority of operations and Forsmark nuclear power plant. 10 Poland Vattenfall has a market share of about 27 per cent. Electricity is also 60,000 12,000 12 30 23% generated, but to a lesser degree. Distribution owns and operates electricity networks and distributes electricity to 1.1 million network 1 TWh is enough to run two large news print machines for a year. It is 20% Germany customers, primarily in the south-western part of the country. There also enough to power all of Sweden’s railways, underground railways 30,000 6,000 6 15 are a total of approximately 1.1 million electricity customers. and trams for five months. Ringhals nuclear power plant can gener- ate this power in 12 days. Joint Group operations 0 0 0 0 External net sales per market, SEK billions Vattenfall Trading Services, Vattenfall Treasury and Vattenfall 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2004 2005 Insurance are central support functions for managing the Group’s EBIT excl. items affecting comparability per market, SEK billions risks and providing market access. ■ Sales (IFRS) ■ Return on equity1 (Sw. GAAP) ■ Fossil-based power ■ Operating profit1 (Sw. GAAP) ■ Return on equity1 (IFRS) ■ Nuclear power ■ Operating profit1 (IFRS) ■ Return on net assets1 (Sw. GAAP) ■ Hydro power Key facts about Vattenfall’s markets 1) Excl items affecting comparability. ■ Return on net assets1 (IFRS) 1) Wind power, biofuel and waste are 1) Excl items affecting comparability. included in these volumes at a total of 0.6 TWh for 2004 and 0.5 TWh Nordic Countries Germany Poland Total for 2005. 2005 2004 2005 2004 2005 2004 2005 2004 External net sales, SEK millions 40,712 38,843 70,304 63,514 8,790 7,421 129,1581 113,3662 Key figures (IFRS) Operating profit, SEK millions 16,845 12,215 10,221 4,591 842 711 27,7303 17,1124 2005 2004 2005 (EUR)1 Net sales, SEK millions 129,158 113,366 13,697 EBIT excl. items affecting Operating profit, SEK millions 27,730 17,112 2,941 comparability, SEK millions 13,755 12,246 10,359 7,208 808 691 24,7445 19,3276 Operating profit (EBIT) excl. items affecting comparability, SEK millions 24,744 19,327 2,624 Profit before tax, SEK millions 26,319 14,614 2,791 Net assets, SEK millions 77,190 57,377 68,717 68,040 9,295 7,321 155,237 131,622 Profit for the year, SEK millions 20,518 9,604 2,176 Earnings per share, SEK 146.05 67.91 15.49 VAT TEN Return on equity excl. items affecting comparability, % 22.0 15.6 Electricity generation, TWh 89.8 88.4 75.9 75.5 3.4 3.2 169.1 167.1 Return on net assets excl. items affecting comparability, % 15.9 13.3 F Total assets, SEK millions 330,421 285,205 35,039 Heat, TWh 7.3 7.6 15.4 15.5 11.4 11.4 34.1 34.5 ALL ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Equity/assets ratio, % 26.8 29.1 Funds from operations (FFO), SEK millions 31,386 24,302 3,328 Investments, SEK millions 24,497 12,731 2,598 Number of customers 1,291,000 1,278,000 3,399,000 3,393,000 1,104,000 1,101,000 5,794,000 5,772,000 Production: Vattenfall AB and Intellecta Communication AB. Photos: Bruno Ehrs, Electricity generation, TWh 169.1 167.1 Johnér and Vattenfall AB. Illustration: Mikael Jacobsson, Amigos. Printed by: Edita. Heat generation, TWh 34.1 34.5 Number of employees 8,788 8,735 20,096 20,864 3,029 3,309 32,2317 33,0178 Copyright 2006, Vattenfall AB, Stockholm. Average number of employees in the Group 32,231 33,017 1) Total sales includes sales in “Other segment” of SEK 9,352 million. 2) Total sales includes sales in “Other segment” of SEK 3,588 million. 3) Total profit includes 1) Exchange rate 9.43 SEK/EUR. a loss in “Other segment” of SEK —178 million. 4) Total profit includes a loss in “Other segment” of SEK —392 million. 5) Total includes a loss in “Other segment of SEK —178 million. 6) Total includes a loss in “Other segment” of SEK —805 million. 7) Other countries are included, totalling 318 persons. 8) Other countries are included, totalling 109 persons.
Recommended publications
  • Electric Stories: Contributions to the History of Electricity in Sweden
    Electric Stories Contributions to the history of electricity in Sweden Collected papers by Mats Bladh Published by Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011 ISBN: 978‐91‐7393‐078‐9 URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva‐70080 Cover Photo: Aatu Liimatta © The Author Content About Collected Papers ............................................................................................. 5 About the author ....................................................................................................... 6 “Momentum” In the Swedish Electricity Industry ..................................................... 7 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Four beginnings .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Utilities ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Industrial firms ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Power companies ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Network Development Plan 2016 – 2025
    NOVEMBER 2015 NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2016 – 2025 A Ten-Year Plan for the Swedish National Grid. SVENSKA KRAFTNÄT Our society is dependent on electricity. Svenska kraftnät is responsible for ensuring that Sweden has a safe, environmentally sound and cost-effective transmission system for electricity – today and in the future. We achieve this in the short term by monitoring the electrical system around the clock, and in the long term by building new power lines to meet tomorrow’s electricity needs. Cover photo Tomas Ärlemo Org. Nr 202100-4284 SVENSKA KRAFTNÄT Box 1200 172 24 Sundbyberg Sweden Sturegatan 1 Tel +46 10-475 80 00 Fax +46 10-475 89 50 www.svk.se/en PREFACE The board of Svenska kraftnät decided in April 2013 on a long-term plan document for the development of the Swedish National Grid. Long-term plan 2025 described the challenges for Svenska kraftnät in the 10 to 15 years term. The purpose was, among other things, to increase the transparency of Svenska kraftnät’s planning and to provide an opportunity for the various stakeholders in the electricity market to influence it. Until then, the national network planning mainly consisted of the three-year investment and financing plans that Svenska kraftnät annually provide to the Government. These plans are, however, primarily a description of how investments already decided are expected to turn out over the next three financial years. They do not give an account of the Administration’s long-term priorities and the grounds for them. A certain network planning is conducted also at Nordic level in order to identify grid reinforcements with specific benefit for the whole of the Nordic electricity market.
    [Show full text]
  • Prisbildning Och Konkurrens På Elmarknaden
    Prisbildning och konkurrens på elmarknaden ER 2006:13 Böcker och rapporter utgivna av Statens energimyndighet kan beställas från Energimyndighetens förlag. Orderfax: 016-544 22 59 e-post: [email protected] © Statens energimyndighet Upplaga: 200 ex ER 2006:13 ISSN 1403-1892 Förord På uppdrag av regeringen har Energimarknadsinspektionen vid Statens energimyndighet analyserat den svenska och nordiska elmarknadens funktionssätt med tonvikt på konkurrensen och prisbildningen. Den 1 januari 1996 reformerades den svenska elmarknaden. Konkurrens infördes i handel med och produktion av el medan nätverksamhet är ett reglerat monopol. Prisutvecklingen på den svenska och nordiska elmarknaden under de senaste åren har föranlett en diskussion om hur väl elmarknaden fungerar. Bland annat har lönsamheten bland elmarknadens aktörer och effektiviteten i prisbildningen på råkraftsmarknaden ifrågasatts. Rapporten belyser utvecklingen på den nordiska råkraftsmarknaden och söker förklara det senaste decenniets elprisökningar. Vidare behandlas konsekvenserna för slutkunderna på den nordiska slutkundsmarknaden. Därefter analyseras konkurrensen på den nordiska elmarknaden. Inspektionen föreslår även ett antal åtgärder för att förbättra förutsättningarna för en väl fungerande konkurrens på elmarknaden. Även konkurrenssituationen på den svenska slutkundsmarknaden behandlas. I det nordiska elsystemet är det viktigt att begränsningar i överföringskapacitet hanteras på ett rationellt sätt. I rapporten analyseras några konsekvenser av att införa en delning av Sverige i så kallade elspotområden. Energimarknadsinspektionen har i arbetet med rapporten, och för att inhämta synpunkter, samarbetat med en referensgrupp bestående av företrädare från näringslivet samt representanter från andra berörda myndigheter och organisationer. Sammanfattning och slutsatser Den 1 januari 1996 reformerades den svenska elmarknaden. Konkurrens infördes i handel med och produktion av el medan nätverksamhet är ett reglerat monopol.
    [Show full text]
  • Trygg Elförsörjning I Skåne Län – Underlagsrapport Utgiven Av: Länsstyrelsen Skåne Författare: Hannes Sonnsjö [email protected]
    Titel: Trygg elförsörjning i Skåne län – underlagsrapport Utgiven av: Länsstyrelsen Skåne Författare: Hannes Sonnsjö [email protected] Medförfattare: Tobias Gunneberg Sandra Johanne Selander Beställning: Länsstyrelsen Skåne Samhällsbyggnad 205 15 Malmö Telefon 010-224 10 00 Copyright: Länsstyrelsen Skåne Diarienummer: 31140-2020-1 ISBN: 978-91-7675-205-0 Rapportnummer: 2020:26 (version 1, 2020-09-07) Illustrationer och grafik: Christoffer Nielsen Tryckår: 2020 Förord Denna rapport utgör ett analysunderlag till den gemensamma slutrapport som länsstyrelserna lämnar till energi- och digitaliseringsminister Anders Ygeman den 7 september 2020. Vårt arbete tar sin utgångspunkt i hur vi kan planera vår elförsörjning bättre och vad som behövs för att i framtiden undvika fler situationer där nyetableringar riskerar att nekas eller utbyggnad av klimatsmart infrastruktur skjuts på framtiden. Vi kan konstatera att medvetenheten hos kommuner, näringsliv och elnätsbolag ökat under de månader som analysarbetet genomförts. Avgörande faktorer är god samverkan, ett breddat perspektiv och en förståelse för varandras roller och ansvar. När energilandskapet förändras uppstår naturligen konflikter. Det kan till exempel handla om att mindre aktörer vill åstadkomma något där regelverken inte är i takt med tiden eller att en etablerad aktörs affärsmodell inte längre är lika lönsam. Det är i mötet mellan det nya – det småskaliga som växer nerifrån och upp – och det etablerade – det storskaliga och centraliserade – som det blir tydligt att energilandskapet är i förändring. På kort sikt kommer billig sol och vindkraft under gynnsamma väderförhållanden att konkurrera ut dyrare, men ofta mer planerbara, alternativ. Då uppstår ett behov av att göra avvägningar mellan politiska mål, att beakta olika tidsperspektiv, att beräkna kostnader och att reda ut ansvarsförhållanden.
    [Show full text]
  • Op Weg Naar De Toekomst Energie in Europa
    OP WEG NAAR DE TOEKOMST ENERGIE IN EUROPA 10 DECEMBER 2012 ANNEMARIE MEERMAN (E&M) EN HEERT DE VRIES (E&M) 1 ATHENEUM 6B WESSEL GANSFORTCOLLEGE GRONINGEN OP WEG NAAR DE TOEKOMST ENERGIE IN EUROPA PROFIELWERKSTUK MAATSCHAPPIJLEER BEGELEIDER K.J. WASSENAAR 10 DECEMBER 2012 ANNEMARIE MEERMAN (E&M) EN HEERT DE VRIES (E&M) ATHENEUM 6B WESSEL GANSFORTCOLLEGE GRONINGEN 2 Voorwoord Het is alweer enige tijd geleden, dat we door mevrouw Siccama werden gevraagd om voor het maken van het profielwerkstuk deel te nemen aan het YES!-project. Het onderwerp van dit project was Europa en klimaatbeheersing, en daar gingen onze interesses wel naar uit waardoor we ook tot de beslissing zijn gekomen om aan dit project deel te nemen. Onze wereld, zoals we die kennen is aan het veranderen door het versnelde broeikaseffect. We wilden hier meer kennis over vergaren, en dat is ook gebeurd gedurende de verschillende studiedagen van het YES!-project. We hebben uiteindelijk ook besloten om ons voor ons profielwerkstuk te gaan verdiepen in energie in Europa. We vroegen ons namelijk af of de lidstaten wel de beoogde Europese doelstellingen zouden gaan halen. We hebben hier in ons profielwerkstuk naar gekeken, en daar ook veel over geleerd. Het maken van het profielwerkstuk is niet altijd even gemakkelijk geweest, want we liepen allebei tegen meerdere obstakels op. Het was namelijk niet heel gemakkelijk om alles uit te zoeken, en de stof ook daadwerkelijk te begrijpen. Bovendien hebben we ontdekt, dat de energiewereld eigenlijk volop in beweging is. Er gebeurt ontzettend veel op het gebied van energie, want er komen voortdurend nieuwe gegevens beschikbaar.
    [Show full text]
  • El- Och Naturgasmarknaderna
    El- och naturgasmarknaderna Energimarknader i utveckling Slutbetänkande av El- och gasmarknadsutredningen Stockholm 2004 SOU 2004:129 SOU och Ds kan köpas från Fritzes kundtjänst. För remissutsändningar av SOU och Ds svarar Fritzes Offentliga Publikationer på uppdrag av Regeringskansliets för- valtningsavdelning. Beställningsadress: Fritzes kundtjänst 106 47 Stockholm Orderfax: 08-690 91 91 Ordertel: 08-690 91 90 E-post: [email protected] Internet: www.fritzes.se Svara på remiss. Hur och varför. Statsrådsberedningen, 2003. – En liten broschyr som underlättar arbetet för den som skall svara på remiss. Broschyren kan beställas hos: Information Rosenbad Regeringskansliet 103 33 Stockholm Fax: 08–405 42 95 Telefon: 08–405 47 29 http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/242/a/3652 Tryckt av Elanders Gotab AB Stockholm 2004 ISBN 91-38-22276-0 ISSN 0375-250X Till statsrådet Sahlin Regeringen beslutade vid sitt sammanträde den 13 februari 2003 att tillkalla en särskild utredare med uppdrag att se över behovet av ytterligare förändringar av lagstiftningen på el- och naturgas-mark- naderna (dir 2003:22). Den 10 mars 2003 förordnade statsrådet Leif Pagrotsky mig, informationschefen Sten Kjellman, som särskild utredare. Utredningen har antagit namnet El- och gasmarknadsutred- ningen. I december 2003 överlämnade utredningen delbetänkandet El- och naturgasmarknaderna – europeisk harmonisering (SOU 2003:113). Genom tilläggsdirektiv (dir. 2004:104) gavs utredningen för- längd utredningstid till senast den 31 december 2004. Jag överlämnar härmed vårt slutbetänkande El- och naturgas- marknaderna – energimarknader i utveckling (SOU 2004:129). Till betänkandet hör bakgrundsmaterial som samlats i en separat bilaga. I arbetet med slutbetänkandet har som sakkunniga deltagit ämnesrådet Bengt Agartz, enhetschefen Karima Björk, departe- mentssekreteraren Iris Heldt, verkställande direktören Gustaf Malmberg, chefsjuristen Bertil Persson, departementssekreteraren Karin Sjöberg (t.o.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Nordic Synchronous Area Proposal for Ramping
    Amended Nordic synchronous area proposal for ramping restrictions for active power output in accordance with Article 137(3) and (4) of the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 of 2 August 2017 establishing a guideline on electricity transmission system operation 2020-103254-0002 2020-10-272020-103254-0003 2020-12-10 22 October 2020 Amended Nordic synchronous area proposal for ramping restrictions for active power output in accordance with Article 137(3) and (4) of the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 of 2 August 2017 establishing a guideline on electricity transmission system operation All TSOs of the Nordic synchronous area, taking into account the following: Whereas (1) This document is the common proposal developed by all Transmission System Operators within the Nordic synchronous area (hereafter referred to as “TSOs”) for ramping restrictions for active power output in accordance with Article 137(3) and (4) of Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 establishing a guideline on electricity transmission system operation (hereafter referred to as “SO Regulation”). This proposal is hereafter referred to as “Proposal”. (2) The Proposal takes into account the general principles and goals set in SO Regulation as well as Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on conditions for access to the network for cross border exchanges in electricity (hereafter referred to as “Regulation (EC) No 714/2009”). The goal of the SO Regulation/Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 is the safeguarding of operational security, frequency quality and the efficient use of the interconnected system and resources. Article 119(1)(c) of the SO Regulation sets for this purpose requirements for the TSOs to “jointly develop common proposals for: [..] ramping restrictions for active power output in accordance with Article 137(3) and (4);” (3) Article 137(3) and (4) of the SO Regulation define the scope of this Proposal.
    [Show full text]
  • ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailability Statistics 2019 System Operations Committee
    ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailability Statistics 2019 System Operations Committee European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailability Statistics 2019 Copyright © 2020 ENTSO-E AISBL Report rendered June 12, 2020 Executive Summary The HVDC links are important components for a stable op- maintenance outages as well as limitations. The unavail- eration of the Nordic and Baltic power system while sup- able technical capacity includes disturbance outages, limi- porting the commercial power trade in the European energy tations, unplanned and planned maintenance outages and markets. Furthermore, the HVDC links can provide other other outages. important functions like voltage and emergency power sup- port to the HVAC grid. Hence, the advantages of keeping The most significant unavailabilities in 2019 occurred for the HVDC links in operation as much as possible are indis- Baltic Cable, EstLink 2, Konti-Skan 1–2, NorNed, Skager- putable. The ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailabil- rak 1–4 and SwePol. Baltic Cable limitations were mainly due ity Statistics 2019 report aims to provide an overview of the to wind and solar energy feeds and EstLink 2 had 3 more se- Nordic and Baltic HVDC links as well as a detailed view of vere disturbances caused by a cooling water leakage, another each individual link. The executive summary concludes the by a faulty capacitor and faulty thyristors in the valve hall most important parts of the report into one chapter. and the last by a faulty DC voltage divider. Konti-Skan 1–2 had their HVDC conductor lines (in Denmark) and their con- trol systems replaced.
    [Show full text]
  • ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailability Statistics 2020 Publication Date: 24 June 2021 System Operations Committee
    ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailability Statistics 2020 Publication Date: 24 June 2021 System Operations Committee European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailability Statistics 2020 Copyright © 2021 ENTSO-E AISBL Report rendered 28 June 2021 European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity Executive Summary The HVDC links are important components for a stable op- The most utilised electricity market connection was the one eration of the Nordic and Baltic power system while sup- between Finland and Sweden (FI–SE3, HVDC links Fenno- porting the commercial power trade in the European energy Skan 1 and 2), with 85 % of the technical capacity being used markets. Furthermore, the HVDC links can provide other for transmission, as shown in Table ES.1. No other market important functions like voltage and emergency power sup- connection reached such a high utilisation percentage, and port to the HVAC grid. Hence, the advantages of keeping only seven of the thirteen market connections showed a util- the HVDC links in operation as much as possible are indis- isation percentage of more than 60 %. However, the utili- putable. The ENTSO-E HVDC Utilisation and Unavailabil- sation percentage of all HVDC links in 2020 was still at its ity Statistics 2020 report aims to provide an overview of the all-time highest value since 2012. The market connections Nordic and Baltic HVDC links as well as a detailed view of with most unavailability were the ones between Denmark each individual link. The executive summary concludes the and Netherlands (DK1–NL, HVDC link COBRAcable) and most important parts of the report into one chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 39351 – Swedish Interconnectors)
    COMMISSION DECISION of 14.4.2010 relating to a proceeding under Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement (Case 39351 – Swedish Interconnectors) (Only the English text is authentic) (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty1, in particular Article 9(1) thereof, Having regard to the Commission decision of 1 April 2009 to initiate proceedings in this case, Having expressed concerns in the preliminary assessment of 25 June 2009, Having given interested third parties the opportunity to submit their observations pursuant to Article 27(4) of Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 on the commitments offered to meet those concerns2, After consulting the Advisory Committee on Restrictive Practices and Dominant Positions, Having regard to the final report of the Hearing Officer in this case3, WHEREAS: 1. SUBJECT MATTER (1) This Decision is addressed to Svenska Kraftnät (hereinafter "SvK"), the Swedish Transmission System Operator (hereinafter "TSO") and concerns the curtailment of cross-border transmission capacity for electricity by SvK to address internal congestion since at least 2002. (2) In its Preliminary Assessment of 25 June 2009, the Commission came to the provisional conclusion that the curtailment of cross-border transmission capacity for electricity by SvK raised concerns as to its compatibility with Article 102 of the TFEU and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement4.
    [Show full text]
  • — ABB High Voltage Direct Current Applications of a Well-Proven System
    — MAXWELL PINTO, MSc, JORNADAS TECNICAS, JULY 2019 ABB High Voltage Direct Current Applications of a Well-proven System HVDC History 1 Reliable power to millions, for decades — HVDC history A proven track record of innovation 1893 1954 1997 2013 2017 ABB starts providing power to the The world’s first The world’s first VSC HVDC Hybrid HVDC Breaker, solving a VSC HVDC highest performance mining industry commercial HVDC link at installation 100-year old technology puzzle ever – 3,000 MW, 640 kV, 2,000 Gotland, Sweden enabling the DC-grids of the future. km 1928 1960s 2010 2014 The Future Dr Uno Lamm began Mercury arc valves replaced The world’s first 800 kV Complete 1,100 kV UHVDC DC support in AC grids developing HVDC in Ludvika, with thyristor semiconductor UHVDC link at Xiangjiaba- system developed. DC grids Sweden valves Shanghai, China “The best way to predict the future is to create it” - Abraham Lincoln — The Birth of HVDC Gotland First commercial HVDC transmission in 1954 (100 kV, 20 MW) Cable length: 100 km Gotland – Swedish mainland — — Case study Itaipu One of the largest HVDC transmissions in the world - two major ABB HVDC links that supply Sao Paulo. 6,300 MW 600 kV 1,590 km Key facts – The largest and most powerful HVDC transmission in the world for 20 years from 1990-2010. – A considerable step forward in HVDC technology compared to the HVDC stations of the 1970s. — Case study Rio Madeira Integrating remotely located renewables, transmitting clean electricity, reliably and efficiently across a massive distance with minimum losses, to millions of consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.4 HVDC Cable System
    Experience in transporting energy through subsea power cables: The case of Iceland Svandís Hlín Karlsdóttir Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science University of Iceland 2013 Experience in transporting energy through subsea power cables: The case of Iceland Svandís Hlín Karlsdóttir 30 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Magister Scientiarum degree in Industrial Engineering Advisors Rúnar Unnþórsson, Lektor Tómas Philip Rúnarsson, Professor Faculty Representative Magni Þór Pálsson Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik, May 2013 Experience in transporting energy through subsea power cables: The case of Iceland 30 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Magister Scientiarum degree in Industrial Engineering Copyright © 2013 Svandís Hlín Karlsdóttir All rights reserved Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Hjardarhagi 2-6 107, Reykjavik Iceland Telephone: 525 4000 Bibliographic information: Svandís Hlín Karlsdóttir, 2013, Experience in transporting energy through subsea power cables: The case of Iceland, Master’s thesis, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, pp. 85. Printing: Háskólaprent Reykjavik, Iceland, June 2013 Abstract This Master’s thesis analyses the experience from subsea power cable projects in Europe to bring new aspects and gain more information and insights to this project. The main focus is on technology, reliability and environmental impact. This study of the European experience is transferred to Iceland and is evaluated as to which technology is suitable for Icelandic conditions, what to avoid and what to keep in mind, and also to evaluate the reliability of possible subsea power cables from Iceland to mainland Europe, or to Great Britain.
    [Show full text]