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Electric Stories: Contributions to the History of Electricity in Sweden

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Electric Stories: Contributions to the History of Electricity in Sweden Electric Stories Contributions to the history of electricity in Sweden Collected papers by Mats Bladh Published by Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011 ISBN: 978‐91‐7393‐078‐9 URL: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva‐70080 Cover Photo: Aatu Liimatta © The Author Content About Collected Papers ............................................................................................. 5 About the author ....................................................................................................... 6 “Momentum” In the Swedish Electricity Industry ..................................................... 7 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Four beginnings .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Utilities ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Industrial firms ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Power companies ................................................................................................................................................... 10 Distribution cooperatives ................................................................................................................................... 11 The inner dynamics of the electricity system ............................................................................................. 12 “Momentum” reconsidered ..................................................................................................................................12 The case of Sweden ................................................................................................................................................ 14 Distribution cost ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Coping with variations ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Deregulation .............................................................................................................................................................. 26 Concluding discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 27 Basic assumptions .................................................................................................................................................. 29 Appendix: Hughes’ 18 definitions of “momentum” .................................................................................. 30 A. Origin, establishment and diffusion of technology ............................................................................. 30 B. Technological enthusiasm ............................................................................................................................. 32 C. The system’s influence on the environment ........................................................................................... 32 D. The environment initiating and supporting momentum. ................................................................ 33 E. The environment as an obstacle for the momentum of the system ............................................. 33 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 34 System and Environment: From Harmony to Conflict ............................................. 37 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................... 37 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 37 System growth in Sweden ................................................................................................................................... 39 Capacity growth in Sweden ................................................................................................................................ 41 The birth of resistance to capacity growth .................................................................................................. 43 Nuclear power versus CHP and the environment .................................................................................... 45 Discussing Hughes’ theory: Change and boundaries of LTS ................................................................ 48 What is momentum? ............................................................................................................................................. 49 Momentum of a socio‐technical system ........................................................................................................ 50 Coping with variations .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Concluding discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 52 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 54 Implementing the Utopian Consumer: “Deregulating” Electricity in Sweden ......... 57 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 57 Neoclassical institutions? .................................................................................................................................... 57 A solution without a problem? .......................................................................................................................... 58 The actual consumers ........................................................................................................................................... 60 Concluding discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 65 Epilogue ...................................................................................................................................................................... 67 Sources ........................................................................................................................................................................ 68 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 69 Institutionalizing Theory .......................................................................................... 70 The relation between academic theory and political economy .......................................................... 70 Implementing marginal cost pricing .............................................................................................................. 73 Coping with variations ......................................................................................................................................... 73 Origins of MCP ......................................................................................................................................................... 75 Interview with Lennart Hjalmarsson ............................................................................................................ 75 Milestones on the road to deregulation ........................................................................................................ 78 Consequences of neoclassical institutionalization ................................................................................... 79 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 81 Energy Efficiency and Counteracting Tendencies .................................................... 83 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................... 83 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 83 Background ..............................................................................................................................................................
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