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PublicHealthOntario.ca 2

Inga Dora Sigfusdottir

Professor

ICSRA (Icelandic Center for social research and analysis)

Improving Lives based on Evidence

Introduction to Planet Youth

PROFESSOR INGA DORA SIGFUSDOTTIR From among the highest to lowest in substance use 15/16 year old students Positive development over 20 years

45 42 Drunk past 30 days 40 35 Daily smoking 35 32 33 Tried cannabis 28 30 26 26 25 25 23 22 20 19 18 19 20 17 16 15 15 14 14 14 15 12 12 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 6 65 5 66 6 5 3 3 2 3 2 2

year 15-16 year old who have become drunk past 30 days in some European cities 2017

50 45 40 35 % 30 28 24 24 25 19 20 20 17 15 16 15 12 10 10 10 9 5 5 0 International interest

The Atlantic 15-16 year old who have become drunk past 30 days in some European cities 2017

45 42 40 35 28 % 30 24 25 23 19 20 20 17 15 16 15 12 10 10 10 9 5 5 0 RVK 2013 RVK 1998 Reykjavik in the summer of 1997 Trends in substance use among 10th grade students in Iceland from 1989-1998

30 Smoke daily Have tried hashish

25 22.8 21.4 20.7 21.0 20 17.0 15.1 % 17.4 15

13.0 10 11.5 9.6

7.2 5

4.0 0 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Youth in Iceland core elements

• Evidence base • Community approach

• Research – policy – practice: dialogue

approach

Community

Evidence Dialogue From research to practice

The researchers “guru” approach What did we learn? Youth in Iceland database 1992 - 2018

Data collections in schools • 10 – 13 year old (since 2000) Primary school 200620042008200020092003200520022007201020012015201820141994199819952016199920121996201320171992199319972011 • 14 – 16 year old (since 1992) Primary school • 16 – 20 year old (since 1992) High-school

Proportion of students in 10th grade who have become drunk 10 times or more during last 12 months*

35 32 30 28 25 25 22 20 21 20 18 % 15 11 11 10 6 6 7 7 7 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 1 1 2

U.K.

Italy

Czech…

Malta

Slovak…

France

Turkey…

Cyprus

Poland

Ireland

Greece

Croatia Iceland

Estonia Finland

Norway

Ukraine

Sweden

Slovenia

Hungary

Portugal

Faroe Isl. Faroe

Denmark Lithuania

* ESPAD, 1995 Proportion of students in 10th grade who have had accidents or injuries related to alcohol use*

18 17 16 14 14 14 12 12 11 10 9 % 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 2

U.K.

Italy

Czech…

Malta

Latvia

Slovak…

Turkey…

Ireland

Croatia Iceland

Finland

Estonia

Norway

Ukraine

Slovenia

Hungary

Portugal

Sweden

Faroe Isl. Faroe Lithuania

* ESPAD, 1995 Substance use follows cohorts*

* Sigfusdottir et al., 2011, Global Health Promotion 15 Remember this? Percentage of students in 9th and 10th grade who have become drunk in the last 30 days depending on if their friends become drunk one pr. month

100 None or few A few Many Almost all 90

80 68.2 70

60 49.3 % 50

30 23.3 20

10 4.6 0 Boys who have become drunk past 30 days Percentage of students in 9th and 10th grade who smoke daily depending on if they practice sports

Strong connection between smoking and participation in sports

50 Almost never Up to 3 times pr. week 4 times or more often % 40

30 24.9

9.9 10 3.5

0 Girls who smoke daily Percentage of girls in 9th and 10th grade who have become drunk in the last 30 days depending on how much time they spend with parents

Strong connection between drinking alcohol and time spent with parents 100 90 80 70 60

50 42 40 27.8 30 17.6 20 12 10.4 10 0 Almost never Seldom Sometimes Often Almost always

Girls who have become drunk last 30 days How were the findings used? Policy based on research findings

Time spent with parents Support Sports Family Monitoring Extracurricular at school Factors Arts

Organized Peer Youth work group Having friends that use drugs Unstructured activities Attending parties Spending time downtown Examples of actions

• Neighborhood level: Parental watch • Community level: A pre-paid leisure time card to participate in formal, structured youth activities • National level: Media campaigns aimed at discouraging adolescent alcohol use and cigarette smoking

22 Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis Annual “Prevention Day” launched in 2007 A highly-publicized, annual “Prevention Day” was launched in 2007 by the President of Iceland, the goals of which were to:

1. One hour a day with family 2. Some organized sports and youth activities 3. Wait; don´t drink alcohol. Decide 18 or later What has changed? Rates of students in 9th and 10th grade who spend time (often/almost always) with their parents during weekdays

Parents and children spend more time together

50 53.0 50.0 46.0 40

% 30 33.0

20 23.0

0 1997 2006 2012 2014 2016 “My parents know where I am in the evenings” (applies very or rather well to me) 9th and 10th grade

Increased parental monitoring

80 80.0 70 75.0 71.0 67.0 60

50 52.0 % 40

0 2000 2006 2012 2014 2016 Rates of students in 9th and 10th grade who have been outside after 10 pm, 3 times+ in the past week

Less late outside hours

50 53.0

% 40 40.0

30 29.0 20 23.0 22.0

0 2000 2006 2012 2014 2016 Percentage of students in 9th and 10th grade that participate in sports in a sports club four times per week or more

Increased participation in organized sports

40 42 42

35 34 30 % 25

20 23

0 2000 2006 2012 2014 How do we know this is it? Substance use trend in several countries 15-16 year old adolescents (Alcohol use past 30 days, ESPAD 2011)

60 56 50

% 40 43 37 30 31 20 Iceland Latvia Lithuania

Estonia Czech Republic Hungary 17 10 Croatia Slovak Republic Ukraine 0 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 Proportion of students in 10th grade who have become drunk 10 times or more during last 12 months*

35 32 30 28 25 25 22 20 21 20 18 % 15 11 11 10 7 7 7 5 6 6 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 2

U.K.

Italy

Malta

Slovak…

France

Turkey…

Cyprus

Poland

Ireland

Greece

Croatia Iceland

Finland

Estonia

Norway

Ukraine

Sweden

Slovenia

Hungary

Portugal

Faroe Isl. Faroe

Denmark

Lithuania Czech Republic Czech

* ESPAD, 1995 Proportion of students in 10th grade who have become drunk 10 times or more during last 12 months – 2011 (ESPAD)

14 13 12

% 8 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0

Italy

Malta

Latvia

Cypus

Serbia

Bosnia… Russia Ireland

France

Poland

Croatia

Iceland

Finland Greece

Estonia

Albania

Norway

Ukraine

Monaco

Belgium Sweden

Bulgaria

Portugal

Hungary

Slovenia

Romania

Denmark

Lithuania

Germany

Faroe Faroe Isl.

Liechtenst…

Montenegro

Czech. Czech. Rep. Slovak. Rep. My parents know with whom I am in the evenings: Applies very well to me

% 20

15 Iceland

10 Intervention group

5 Control group

0 1997 2000 2006 2009

Kristjansson et al., 2010. Preventive Medicine Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis My parents know where I am in the evenings: Applies very well to me

% 20

15 Iceland

10 Intervention group

5 Control group

0 1997 2000 2006 2009

Kristjansson et al., 2010. Preventive Medicine

Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis Sports participation with a club or a team 4 times per week or more often

% 20

15 Iceland

10 Intervention group

5 Control group

0 1997 2000 2006 2009

Kristjansson et al., 2010. Preventive Medicine Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis From among the highest to lowest in substance use 15/16 year old students Positive development over 20 years

year Planet Youth development Thank you ! PY quoted in CPHO report

The Chief Public Health Officer‘s Report on the State of Public Health in Canada 2018

The IYI* has been heralded as a public health success for reducing harmful use of substances among youth. The initiative tackles wide-scale use of substances by youth through interventions that are implemented at community and societal levels.Reference 211 The program’s impact has been dramatic, particularly on early initiation of alcohol use.

*The Iceland Youth Initiative (IYI)