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Home , AH14, AH2, AH3, Kalay, Kalewa, Yangon Airways

The Government of the Republic of the Union of

Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting -ASEAN Economic Integration

Khin Maung Superintending Engineer and Advisor (Retired) Public Works Ministry of Construction 7-8 August2012 New , India National data

Population - 60 millions

Area - 676,578 sq.km

Road Length - 142395 km

No of Registered Vehicle - 2331663

Neighbouring Countries-, , , India Connectivity

-Dominant - Transport Linkage

-Objective - Movement of People and goods/ tourism and business (trade)

-Mode - (6)Modes • Railway • Road • Water/Marine Transport •Air Transport •Pipe Line (Gas, Crude oil etc;) •Ropeway (not popular) Railways Network of M.R

Yangon Circular & Suburban Line (Road Network)

36

- near to ports and railways ,easy for Multimodal Transport.

- , and Dawei sea ports near to AH,GMS Highways.

INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES IN MYANMAR

1 Myanmar Airways International 2 Thai Airways International 3 Silk Air 4 Airways 5 Bangkok Airways 6 Thai Air Asia 7 Air Asia Berhad 8 Jet Star Asia 9 Air China 10 China Southern Airlines 11 China Eastern Airlines 12 China Airlines 13 Viet Nam Airlines 14 Indian Airlines 15 Blue Panorama Airlines Domestic Airlines

 Myanmar Airways (9)Nos

(6)Nos

 Air (3) Nos

 Asian wings (2)Nos

 Air KanBawZa (3)Nos

 Yangon Airways (2)Nos Domestic Air routes

Flying (26) towns in Domestic Air routes Airfields in Myanmar Capability Quantity  Boeing 747 – 400 (8)  A – 300 –B4 (2)  Boeing 737 – 400 (4)  Y – 8 (9)  F – 28 (7)  Other Aircrafts (12)  Light Aircrafts (27)

Total (69)

F-28

ATR-42 ATR 72-500 Development of Regional Cooperation

 No Country can prosper by keeping her doors closed to the outside world.  Reduce development gap among the member countries Can Live together in peace and are committed to cooperating with each other for mutual economic benefit . Cooperation is uniting countries and strengthening their economic linkages while fostering peace, facilitating sustainable growth and improving living standard.

Sectors in the Regional Cooperation

(9) Key Sectors related to economic development o Transportation o Energy o Telecommunications o Human resources development o Tourism o Environment o Trade o Investment and o Agriculture Regional Cooperation including Myanmar for Road Transport sector

- Road Sector Cooperation is dominant because of Least cost and convenient for short distance, Providing door-to-door services,  Important mode in land- locked regions or countries etc; - Regional cooperation can be bilateral, Trilateral, Multilateral etc; as the following examples: - • ASIAN Highways Network including (32) member countries • ASEAN Highways Network including (10) member countries • Greater Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation (6) member countries (ACMEC + China) • Ganga Mekong Cooperation (GMC) (6)member countries (ACMEC + India) • Ayarwady – Chauphra- Mekong Economic Cooperation (ACMEC) (5) member countries (CLMTV) • CLMV Cooperation (4) member countries • Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral and Tenchnical Cooperation (BIMSTEC) (7) member countries •BCIM cooperation (4) member countries • India- Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway • Myanmar-India Bilateral  Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project  –-Tamu road upgrading Project Tiddim – Rhi- Falam road upgrading Project

• Myanmar –China Bilateral . Tengchong – Kanbiketi – Road upgrading . – Kyaukphyu corridor project

• Myanmar- Thailand Bilateral Myawady – Thingannyinaung road section upgrading (18)km  Thingannyinaung – Kawkareik section new road construction (30)km  Myanmar – Thai Friendship Bridge at Myawady / Maesot border

• Myanmar –Lao PDR Bilateral  Myanmar – Lao Friendship Bridge across Mekong river at Kyainglap- Xiengkoke border. ASEAN COUNTRIES

A complete system of highway network consisting ( 37070)Km of roads to link ASEAN region including (10)Member Countries ASEAN Highways- There are (7) ASEAN Highways in Myanmar.

AH1,AH2 - ASEAN Highway with one or two digit to AH3 and followed after alphabet AH is the same as AH14 ASIAN Highway in ASEAN region.

AH111 - This is the road link between Loilem on AH2 and Thibaw on AH14 with the length of about (239)Km.

AH112 - This is the road connection between Thaton on AH1 and Kawthaung via Mawlamyine with the length of about (1145)Km and then extend to join AH2 in Thailand.

AH123 - This is the proposed road linking Dawei on AH112 to AH2 in Thailand with the length of about (140)Km. This road will be the important route if it would havebeen deep Sea port at Dawei. People’s Republic of China The Greater Mekong SubregionSubregion (GMS)(GMS) Land area: 631 thou sq km Population: 93.6 M GDP per capita: US$1,988 Myanmar (figures for and Guangxi only) Land area: 677 thou sq km Population: 60 M Viet Nam GDP per capita: US$340 (2007) Land area: 331 thou sq km Population: 86.3 M GDP per capita: US$1,051 Thailand Land area: 513 thou sq km Population: 66.5 M Lao PDR GDP per capita: US$4,124 Land area: 237 thou sq km Population: 5.9 M GDP per capita: US$832

Cambodia Land area: 181 thou sq km Population: 14.7 M GDP per capita: US$576 GMS Road Links- There are (3)GMS Road Links in Myanmar.

R3 -Kyaington-Mongla Road (256 Km)

It is a part of GMS North-South Economic corridor as well as a part of ASIAN and ASEAN Highways in Myanmar, linking with China (Jinhong-) to the north and Thailand () to the south. Upgrading of Mongla-Kyaington section (93 Km) was already completed to two lane bituminous road, but curvatures and gradients are still under standard in some mountainous terrain.

R4 Lashio-Muse Road (176 Km)

GMS route R4 Lashio-Muse seetion in Myanmar is linking with China and is also a part of ASIAN and ASEAN Highway route No 14. It is two lane bituminous paved road with the ASEAN highway design standard of class III.

R7 Lashio-Thibaw-Loilem-Kyaington Road (666 Km)

GMS route R7 Lashio-Kyaington section is linking R4 in Northern and R3 in Southern Shan State.The road section between Lashio and Thibaw on AH14 .

Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project.

tdEd´,

118 Km

Road Way(248 km) 62 Km

Setpyitpyin Kaletwa 68 Km

paletwa 63 Km Water Way(157 km)

Kyauktaw

94Km

Kolkata 539 Km Sittway Route Total 405 Km G Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project.

Kolkata West Bengal MIZORAM (AIZAWL) (1967)Km

Kolkata Sittway MIZORAM (AIZAWL) (1294)Km

LESS (673)Km

Distance Comparison Tiddim - Rhi – Falam Road upgrading

Detailed Project Report (DPR) for upgrading of Tiddim-Rhi-Falam Roads had been carried out by the engineers and surveyors from Border Road Organization of India and from Public Works of Myanmar, between (20.1.2006) and (22.5.2006) and received it on (24.12.2006)

Myanmar side had received the draft MoU for the upgrading of Tiddim-Rhi Road on (13.6.2011) from India side. The draft MoU is still needed to be finalized for signing. Facts Finding for enhancing Transport connectivity between India and ASEAN

-Enhancing includes implementation of new project and upgrading of existing facilities - Important role of Myanmar - Land locked states in North-Eastern part of India. - Market research for selection of Nodal point ; Kalay, , Mandalay etc; - Existing connectivity and facilities for strengthening trade

- Trade -Normal - Border Interstate trade transport ( Land route) - Re -export Transit trade transport

-Normal direct transport sea link

- Border Trade Post

- Software, ie; Cross Border Transport Agreement (CBTA) - Corridor approach - Future development 3. TRN . 038 Dawei Deep Sea Port and Road Link to Thailand.

 Just after signing of MOU, between Italian– Thai Development Public Co., Ltd (ITD) and Myanmar Port Authority (MPA), SITTWE ITD dispatched a survey team to conduct soil exploration and survey works at the KYAUKPYU project site in Dawei area. THANDWE  Survey works along the road link between Dawei and Thailand are yet to be conducted YANGON within this year. MAWLAMYINE  ITD carried out the following program for development of the project after full completion of pre-engineering works: -

DAWEI (a) A preliminary engineering design and a feasibility study MYEIK (b) An environment impact assessment (c) To submit project proposal to the Government of the Union of Myanmar for receiving of permission.  The framework agreement for Dawei Deep KAWTHOUNG Seaport, Industrial Estate, Road and Rail Link to Thailand project was signed by ITD & MPA on 2nd November, 2010. Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting India – ASEAN Economic Integration. Combining the previous slides together, we can conceive that the enhancing connectivity for promoting India –ASEAN Economic Integration should step first on the gate of ASEAN region ie Myanmar through the existing transport connectivity and available facilities and then link to the corridors formulated by the subregion or region for the multilateral or global economic integration.

 Formulation of an economic corridor along the existing road linking the landlocked states of India parallel to the Myanmar border as a backbone corridor of India can be more beneficial for promoting India –ASEAN economic integration .

Reviewing Myanmar -India bilateral transport projects of Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport Project, India – Myanmar – Thailand Trilateral Highway Project and Tiddim – Rhi Road construction Project, all of these projects will be beneficial for promoting India –ASEAN Economic Integration through Myanmar . Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting India – ASEAN Economic Integration.(contd) India - Myanmar – Thai Trilateral Highway project is indicated as Western Corridor of GMS economic cooperation program and also the road section between Monywa to Kalewa/Kalay on that road is given priority investment needs for the development of by the UNESCAP study. The abstracts of the study report done in December 2006 was attached in the next pages.

The India products transported from main land to the land locked states closed to the Myanmar border can be exported as border trade to Myanmar and then can be reexported to the other neighboring countries by the domestic traders, thus promoting economic integration of local people living in the land locked states. Enhancing Connectivity for Promoting India – ASEAN Economic Integration(cont’d) During the visit of the prime Minister of India , Excellency announced that India would undertake the task of repair/upgradation of 71 bridges on the Tamu-Kalewa Friendship Road . The two leaders decided that India would undertake the upgradation of the Kalewa-Yargyi road segment to highway standard while Myanmar would undertake that of upgradation of the Yargyi- Monywa stretch to highway standard by 2015. This project would help in establishin g trilateral connectivity from Moreh in India to Maesot in Thailand via Myanmar. The two leaders welcomed the revival of the Joint Task force on the Trilateral Highway between India- Myanmar – Thailand. It was agreed that efforts would be made to establish seamless trilateral connectivity by 2016.

 Another agreement was that the bus will be plying between of India and Mandalay of Myanmar via Moreh/Tamu at the border. The good road is essential to fulfill the committed agreement before plying the bus schedule .  Projects for enhancing connectivity should be prioritized especially on the bottle necked section in the corridor because investment in the infrastructures needs huge amount of budget and it is not so easy to implement simultaneously for all project s. The decided project should start as earliest as possible otherwise the project cost will become higher and higher due to yearly price escalation and unforeseen commodities inflation. Conclusion

A major structural impediment is the absence of an integrated network of land transport links among the countries which makes the intra-regional movement of goods and people costly. Improved transport linkages support the many different objectives of regional cooperation; increase in trade and investment due to larger markets, improved access for land locked partners, border development, and establishment of land bridges with other regions.

The enhancing of connectivity can enable local communities and remote village to maximize the impact of development efforts and economic benefits from transport corridors.

The improved roads will promote closer economic linkages among the countries, particularly in agriculture and agro-industry . The additional traffic generated will promote growth in the service industry, in turn generating employment. Increased traffic will be also benefiting small business in the countries, with transport cost savings being passed on .

Enhancing connectivity in corridor approach together with software issues will be more beneficial for promoting economic integration allowing for a smooth flow of trade and services, reducing travel time and transport cost along the corridor and also easier access to the markets. -2- Enhancing Connectivity can also support proper community -based tourism projects in rural areas, facilitate private sector participation, and establish mechanisms for increased regional cooperation. Tourism can make substantial and sustainable contribution to economic growth , foreign exchange earnings , investment, job creation, social welfare, external debt reduction, and economic diversification - all of which will help reduce poverty.

In conclusion , the repercussion indicating their better economy of local people living along the enhanced connectivity of GMS corridors had been attached in the following photographs. Thank you for Kind Attention