Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42560-5 — Technology and Society Andrew Ede Index More Information

Index

Adams, Douglas: he Hitchhiker’s Appold, John G., 219 art Guide to the Galaxy, 306 Arab Spring (political movement), earliest developments in, 35–37, 40 Adams, John, 169 280 as forerunner to printing, 73 Africa, 28, 168 ARAPANET, 278 Arthur, W. Brian, 304 agricultural civilization, origins of arch construction system, 95 artifacts, from archeological eras, animal domestication, 47–49 archeological eras 29–31 earliest empires, 54–60 Bronze Age, 29 artiicial intelligence, 303–305 food storage and preservation, 45 Mesolithic, 30 ASDIC sonar system, 300 permanent settlements, 49–53 Neolithic, 30 Asia plant domestication, 45–47 Paleolithic, 29 maritime capabilities, 80 pre-agrarian settlements, 43–45 archeological technology mechanical calculation tools in, sacred structures, 53–54 art and music, 35–37 254 theories of, 42 ire, 31–33 miracle rice in, 207 timeline, 42 Neolithic life, 37–39 assembly line, 193, 223 warfare in, 53 stone tool making, 27–31 Aswan High Dam, 281–282, 292–293 agricultural revolution timeline, 27 Atlantic Ocean region technology. European, 108–110 Upper Paleolithic Revolution, See also United States of Islamic, 102–105 34–35 America Albert, Prince, 160, 164 Venus igurines, 33 engineering, 184–186 Alcuin of York, 112 Archie (search engine), 279 timeline, 166 Alexander the Great, 86, 87 Archimedes Atlantikwall, 241 Allen, Paul, 277 Claw of, 144 Atlantis (space shuttle), 298 Altair 8800 (computer), 275 On Floating Bodies, 88 atlatl, 38 alternating current (AC), 190–191 as role model, 4–5 atomic energy. See nuclear power American Academy of Arts and story of, 87–88 Audion, 263 Sciences, 169 architecture Australopithecines, 29, 32 American Philosophical Society, 169 in cities and suburb growth, automobile American Revolution, 167, 234 220–222 and Henry Ford, 193–194 Ampère, André-Marie, 188 Crystal Palace, 160 and petroleum, 194–195 ampliiers (electronic), 262, 268 and home sizes, 218 tunnel creation for, 236 Analytical Engine (calculator), 259 Modernist, 222 autonomous robots, 274 Anasazi, 295 Roman, 93–96 autonomous technology, 305 androids, 274 skyscrapers, 219–220, 228 autopoietec system, 304 aniline dye, 161–162 Arelate, 97–98 aviation animal domestication argon isotope dating technique, 29 in digital age, 271–272 Chinese animal power technology, Arkwright, Richard, 139–141 First World War, 201, 237 66–67 arms race. See also Cold War and Lindbergh, 236, 237 earliest developments in, 47–49 and aviation, 202 Second World War, 243–245 Neolithic roots of, 38 chemical warfare in, 199–200 Avro Lancaster (plane), 244, 272 and textile industry, 134 and dreadnoughts, 196–198 Annie McKim (clipper ship), 168 and industrialized war, 195–196 Babbage, Charles Anthropocene, 284 and machine guns, 199 Economy of Manufactures and Antikythera mechanical calculator, and submarines, 198 Machinery, 257 254 and tanks, 201 efect on others, 259 Apollo Program, 297 Armstrong, Edwin H., 264 life of, 256 Apple Computers, 275–276, 278 Arrhenius, Svante, 285 Bachelor in Paradise, 224

314 index

Baird, John Logie, 265 Britain Čapek, Josef, 274 Bait al-Hikma (House of Wisdom), and American Revolution, 167 Čapek, Karel, 274 104 and Atlantic sugar trade, 167–168 carding, 134, 139 Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Rail banking and patents, 131–133 Carnot, Sadi: Relections on the Road Company, 154, 173 BBC television broadcasting, 265 Motive Power of Fire, 162 banking civil service examinations in, 78 carracks, 120 Bank of England, 129, 132 corporation, 158 Cartwright, Edmund, 141 Medici Bank, 132 energy and chemistry, 160–162 cast iron, 68–69 Banu Musa brothers, 104 engineering education in, 185 Çatalhöyük, 44–45, 49 Bardeen, John, 268 factory system in, 147–149 catapult, 99 batteries, 287–288 garden city movement in, 218 cathedral schools, 112 Battle of Hastings, 111 Great Exhibition of the Works of cathode rays, 262 Beijing, 222 Industry of all Nations (1851), cave painting, 35–36, 37 Bell, Alexander Graham, 235, 261, 159–160 Caxton, William, 118 263 most powerful empire ater US Centro Internacional de Benedictine order, 114–115 Civil War, 182 Mejoramiento de Maíz y Bent Pyramid, 60 nuclear weapons, 249 Trigo (International Maize Bentham, Jeremy, 130 and origin of computing, 256 and Wheat Improvement Bessemer, Henry, 308 relationships ater First World Center), 207 ‘he Manufacture of Iron without War, 231 Chain Home system, 246 Fuel’, 156 Second World War technologies Chakrabarty, Ananda, 299–300 Bessemer process, 156–158 Spanish invasion of, 122–123 Challenger (space shuttle), 298 Bhopal pesticide disaster, 293–294 supremacy in the Industrial charcoal, 209 Bi Sheng, 73 Revolution, 130–131 Charlemagne, 111–113 Biddle, James, 175 textile industry in, 134–143 Chauvet Cave, 35–36 Billings, John Shaw, 260 unions in, 232–233 Cheops, 57 Binet, Alfred, 234 Brown, George, 173 Chernobyl nuclear accident, 284 Binet-Simon test, 234 bubonic plague Chinese technology Birdseye, Clarence Frank, 216 efects in Europe, 115–116 animal power, 66–67 Black Death. See bubonic plague and fall of Islamic empire, 105 domestic, 208 black ships, 175–177 buckminsterfullerene, 301 gunpowder, 75 Black Tuesday, 238 bureaucracy hydroelectricity, 282 Blake, William, 129 Chinese, 72–78 importance of agriculture to, blast furnace, 156 European, 109–110 65–66 Bláthy, Ottó, 190 Greek, 86–87 invisible, 76–78 Blitzkrieg warfare, 240–241 Roman, 97–98 list of inventions, 64 Blombos Cave, 33 Burke, James, 116 metallurgical, 68–70 Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, 224 Butler, Samuel: Erewhon, 303 paper and printing, 72–75 Boch, Karl, 188 Butterick, Ebenezer and Ellen, 217 resistance to, 17 Boeing 707 and 747, 271, 272, 290 Byrd, Richard E., 236 and river systems, 55 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 244 rocket, 247 Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 244 Cagliarini, Adam, 308 timeline, 63 bomber (plane), 244 Cai Lun, 72 trade and exploration, 78–80 boomerang, 37 Calahan, Edward A., 238 waterwheels, 150–152 Borlaug, Norman, 207 calculators, 254–256 chlorine gas, 200 Bose, Jagadish Chandra, 263 calotype, 180 Chomsky, Noam: Manufacturing Bouchon, Basile, 142 Canada Consent: he Political Boulton, Matthew, 151 Head-Smashed-In Bufalo Jump, 38 Economy of Mass Media, 11 bow and arrow, 39 nuclear weapons in, 249 Cistercian order, 114–115 Braidwood, Robert, 42 oil discovery in, 195 Citizens Band radio, 269 brain development satellite broadcasts in, 298 civil service examinations, 76–78 and tool usage, 28, 30 time standardization in, 182 Clark, Sir Kenneth: Civilization, 306 in the Upper Paleolithic, 34–35 urbanization in, 221 Clarke, Arthur C., 298 Brattain, Walter, 268 canals, 171 he Fountains of Paradise, 301 Bridges, Robert, 129 cannon boring machine, 151 climate change. See also environment Brin, Sergey, 279 cannons, 76, 179 and agricultural development, 45

index 315

and the Anthropocene, 284 cotton gin, 173–174 solid-state, 268–269 and fall of the Roman Empire, 100 Cowan, Ruth Schwartz: More Work energy exploitation, 281–282 history of, 294–296 for Mother, 228 nuclear power, 282–284 in the Upper Paleolithic Cromford Mill, 140 radio, 263–264 Revolution, 34–35 Crookes, William, 262 robots, 273–274 clipper ship, 168–169 crop rotation telephone coal, 211, 284 Chinese, 65–66 invention of, 260–261 coal gas, 161 European, 109 mobile, 269–270 coal-tar, 161 crucible method (steel), 156 networks, 263 COBOL (Common Business- Crusades, 113, 167 television, 264–265 Oriented Language), 277 Crutzen, Paul, 285 timeline, 253 code talkers, 243 Crystal Palace, 160, 220 transportation, 270–273 coding (information), 242–243 CSS (cascading style sheets), 279 Dilke, Charles, 159 coke (coal), 156, 161 Cugnot, Nicolas-Joseph, 153 direct current (DC), 190–191 Cold War. See also arms race Curl, Robert, 301 dirigible, 237 afecting Green Revolution, 207 cutters (stone), 30 Discovery (space shuttle), 298 ENIAC in, 266 Djoser (pharaoh), 57 space exploration, 296–299 Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé, 180 dog domestication, 47–49 Cole, Henry, 160 daguerreotypes, 180 Dolní Věstonice, 40 Coliseum, 95 Damascus steel, 104–105, 156 Dollar Auction Game, 21 Colossus (early computer), 243 Darby, Abraham I, 156 domestic technology. See also women Columbia (space shuttle), 298 Darwin, Charles: On the Origin of cooking in ireplaces and ovens, Columbus, Christopher, 119–120, Species by Means of Natural 208–211 127, 167 Selection, 303 cooking with electricity, 212 column and beam construction, 93–95 dating techniques, 29 food/Green Revolution, 206–208 comitatus, 110 De Forest, Lee, 262 home architecture/suburbs, communications technology de Havilland Comet, 271 218–223 and empire formation, 23 Deepwater Horizon disaster, 271 ideology around, 224 “medium is the message”, 22–23 democracy microwave oven, 212–213 radio, 235–236, 263–264, 269–270 and the Industrial Revolution, 130 Neolithic era, 37–39 Roman road network as, 91–92 technological determinism and, refrigeration, 213–216 satellite, 298–299 10–11 sewing machine, 216–218 telegraph, 178–179, 189–190, demographics timeline, 205 237–238 European proto-industrial revolu- Dominican Republic, 168 telephone, 260–261, 263 tion, 126 Dornberger, Walter, 247 competition India losing population, 294 Douglas DC-8, 271 Dollar Auction Game, 21 and industrialization, 232, 251 dreadnoughts, 196–198 lack of in China, 80 population growth during the Drexler, Eric: Engines of Creation, 301 as societal condition for techno- Industrial Revolution, 129 Dutch East India Company, 158 logical change, 16 and US Census technology, 260 dye industry, 161–162 complexity of human society, 8–9 Demorest, Ellen Louise Curtis, 217 computers Déri, Miksa, 190 Easter Island, 20 origins of, 259–260 Devol, George, 274 Eccles, William, 265 in reshaping modern world, 253–254 Diderot, Denis: Encyclopédie, 4 Eckert, John Presper, 266 sotware for, 275–277 Diference Engine, 257 École Polytechnique, 185 tube technology in, 265–268 digital age technology École Royale des Ponts et Chaussées Conard, Nicholas, 36 batteries, 287–288 (Royal College of Bridges and concrete, 95–96 calculator, 254–256 Roads), 185 container ship, 271 computers Edgerton, David: he Shock of the Convair 880, 271 internet, 278–281 Old, 8 converter (Bessemer), 156 origins of, 259–260 Edison, homas Cooke, William, 189 personal, 274–275 Hertz waves, 263 corporation, 158 sotware, 275–277 life of, 190–191 cotton tube technology, 265–268 as role model, 4–5, 235 and Richard Arkwright, 140 device connection, 288–289 and stock ticker, 238 in textiles, 135 electronics and trial street lighting, 212 in United States, 173–174 origins of, 261–262 and War of the Currents, 190–191

316 index

education. See also invisible Engels, Friedrich, 130 Factory Act (1847), 232 technologies England. See Britain factory system for Chinese civil service exams, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical growth of, 147–149 76–78 Integrator and Calculator), Henry Ford’s automobile, 193–194 engineering, 184–186 266–267 and just-in-time manufacturing, European cathedral schools, 112 Enigma machine coding, 242–243, 251 272–273 Islamic, 104 environment. See also climate change robots in, 274 mass, 233–235 Anthropocene inluence, 284 Fair Labor Standards Act, 232 EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Bhopal pesticide disaster, fake news, 281 Automatic Computer), 267 293–294 Falcon, Jean, 142 Egypt Green Revolution and biodiversity, Faraday, Michael, 189 crop rotation in, 109 207 fardier à vapeur (steam cart), 153 hydroelectric power in, 281–282 oil tanker hazards, 271 Farnsworth, Philo, 265 importing technology, 292–293 waste disposal, 273 fashion (home), 217 Library of Alexandria, 87 Eratosthenes, 87 Fat Man (bomb), 249 Eight-Hour Day movement, 232 Erie Canal, 171 felting, 137 Einstein, Albert, 247–248 Etruria, 148 Fermi, Enrico, 248, 282 Ekholm, Nils Gustaf, 285 Euclid: he Elements, 87 Ferranti, Sebastian de, 190 electricity Euphrates river, 55 Fertile Crescent commercial, 190–193 European technology beginning of agriculture in, 40 in domestic technology, 216–218 ater US Civil War, 182 as birthplace of western civiliza- in food preparation, 212–216 agrarian tion, 84 as form of network, 24 crop rotation, 109 mechanical calculation tools in, history of, 188–189 timeline, 108 254 as major turning point in world and Atlantic sugar trade, 167–168 plow development in, 67 history, 253 bubonic plague afects, 115–116 fertilizer nitrates, 187–188 electromagnetism, 263 Cistercian order, 114–115 Fessenden, Reginald, 198, 264 electron, 261–262 Crusades, 113–114 feudalism electronics feudalism, 110 European, 110 from cathode ray technology, imported, 292–293 hierarchy as form of network, 23 262–263 Industrial Revolution Feynman, Richard, 301 device connection, 288–289 banking and patents, 131–133 ire origins of, 261–262 energy, 161 clay pottery, 51 solid-state, 268–269 British supremacy in, 130–131 earliest use of, 31–33 tube technology, 265–268 factory system, 147–149 and magic and religion, 33 wave technology, 264 Luddites/neo-Luddites, 143–144 ire-lance, 75 elevator, 219–220 manufacturing with labor ireplace, 208–211 Ellul, Jacques, 306 division and steam power, 131 First World War he Technological Society, 11, 145 steam-powered engines, 150–154 areas of combat in, 238 empires steel, 154–158 aviation in, 202 British, 182 textile production, 134–143, 146 chemical warfare in, 199–200 earliest development from settle- timeline, 129 creating cultural disdain for ments, 54–60 Islamic inluence in, 114 history, 235 Greek, 86 maritime, 80, 119–123 and creation of military research Islamic, 100–105 movable type printing, 116–119 institutions, 242 Roman, 90–100 proto-industrial revolution dreadnoughts in, 196–198 Enclosure Acts (1750–1860), inluences on, 123–124 German technology and, 186–188 143–144 population changes in, 126 and industrialization, 195–196 energy slavery, 124–125 machine guns in, 199 coal, 161, 211, 284 and rise of Charlemagne, 111–113 submarines in, 198 electrical, 188–189, 253 stirrup, 110–111 tanks in, 201 exploitation in digital age, 281–282 exploration voyages and technology in twentieth nuclear, 282–284 Chinese, 79–80 century, 231–232 petroleum, 194–195 European, 119–123 Five Pillars of Islam, 101–102 waterwheels, 114–115, 150–152 Greek, 87 lax (grain), 134 wood, 20 space, 296–299 lip-lop circuit, 265 Engelbart, Douglas, 278 Exxon Valdez disaster, 271 Flowers, Tommy, 243, 268

index 317

lying shuttle, 138 Gattaca, 7 Greece lywheel, 103 Geim, Andre, 301 and Antikythera mechanical calcu- food Geissler, Heinrich, 262 lator, 254 Green Revolution and biodiversity gender electricity, 188 of, 206–208 ideology around domestic tasks, empire of, 86 Islamic agrarian revolution, 224 technology of, 86–87 102–105 industrialization and, 225 Greek Orthodox Church, 111 Roman production of, 109–110 and marginalization, 14–15 greenhouse gas efect, 285 and technology in China, 65–66 General Electric, 190–191, 215 Greenwich Mean Time, 182 and technology in Germany, General Foods Corporation, 216 Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste Vaquette 187–188 genetics challenges (human), de, 180 food preparation 299–300 Gross, Alfred J., 269 electricity in, 212–216 Germany gunpowder, 75–76 importance of cooking in, 32 early television broadcasts in, 265 guns technology history of, 208–211 engineering education in, 185 earliest, 76 food surplus preparation for First World War, machine, 199 earliest storage and preservation, 186–188 Gutenberg, Johan 45 relationships ater First World War, life of, 116–117 and empire building, 54–60 231, 236 mass printing and democratic and permanent settlements, Second World War technologies, ideology, 10–11 49–50 239–241, 242–245, 246–247, as role model, 4–5 Ford, Henry, 193–194, 235 251 Fourier, Joseph, 285 and Spanish Civil War, 238 Haber, Fritz, 188 France Gesner, Abraham, 195 Hagoaka, Hantaro, 262 Maginot Line, 239 Glendinning, Chellis, 145 Hahn, Otto, 248 relationships ater First World Global Positioning System (GPS), hai jin (Sea Ban laws), 80 War, 231 304 Haiti, 168 slide rule, 256 Göbekli Tepe, 43–44 Hajj, 101–102 Franklin, Benjamin Goddard, Robert, 235, 247 Hancock, homas, 183 American Philosophical Society, Goodyear, Charles, 183 hand axe, 31 169 Google, 279 Handley Page Halifax (plane), 244 and electricity, 188 Gorrie, John, 214 Hardin, Garrett, 22, 310 and irebox bales, 209 government harness (horse), 66–67 Franklin, Ursula banking, 132 harpoon, 38 philosophy of technology, 12–13 engineering projects, 74–75 Harrison, John, 4 he Real World of Technology, investment in innovation by, Harvard mouse, 300 12, 309 17–18 Hawass, Zahi, 58 Freya system, 246 online privacy laws, 280 Hawley, Jesse, 171 Frisch, Otto Robert, 248 and railways, 174–175 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 211, 229 Fukushima Daliichi nuclear power time standardization importance Hayden, Brian, 42 plant, 284 to, 183 Head-Smashed-in-Bufalo-Jump, 38 Fuller, Buckminster, 301 Graf Zeppelin, 237 Heilbroner, Robert L., 10 Fuller, Frances, 160 grains, 45–47, 134, 207 Heineman, Arthur S., 236 Fuller, J. F. C.: he Foundations of the graphene, 301 Heinkel He 177, 244 Science of War, 239 graphical user interface (GUI), 278 Henry, Joseph, 189, 263 fulling, 136–137 Gray, Elisha, 261 Henshilwood, Christopher, 33 Fust, Johann, 117 Great Depression Hero of Alexandria, 4, 274 fusta, 120 causes of, 237–238, 251 Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf, 263 system vulnerability in, 296 Hertz waves, 263 Gagarin, Yuri, 297 Great Exhibition of the Works of Highs, homas, 139 galleon, 120 Industry of all Nations (1851), Hilly Flanks hypothesis, 42 galley, 120 159–160, 211 Hindenburg, 237 Ganges river, 55 Great Leap Forward. See Upper Hings, Donald, 269 garden city movement, 218 Paleolithic Revolution HMS Dreadnought, 197 gas absorption refrigerator, 214 Great Pyramid of Giza, 57–60 Hoffmann, August Wilhelm von, gas stove, 211 Great Rit Valley (Africa), 28 161 Gates, Bill, 277 Great War. See First World War Holland, Cliford, 236

318 index

Hollerith, Herman, 260 and social fascination with novelty, relationships ater First World Home Insurance Building, 220 16 War, 231 Homo erectus, 32 steam-powered engines, 150–154 samurai swords in, 69–70 Homo habilis, 27 steel, 154–158 Shimabara Rebellion, 80 Homo sapiens, 27, 34–35 textile production, 134–143, 146 JavaScript, 279 Hoover Dam, 281 timeline, 129 al-Jazari, 274 Hopper, Grace, 15, 275–276 information bubbles, 280 he Jazz Singer (movie), 236 Houdin, Jean-Pierre, 59 ink, 117 Jeferson, homas, 130, 169 Howard, Ebenezer, 219–220 Innis, Harold, 92 jet aircrat, 245, 271–272 Howe, Elias, 216 integrated circuit technology, 275 Jewitt, Llewellynn, 310 HTML (hypertext markup language), Intel, 275 Jordan, Frank Wilfred, 266 279 intelligence tests, 234 jumps (hunting), 38 Hudson’s Bay Company, 158 internet, 278–281 Junkers Ju 88A (plane), 244 Huelsmeyer, Christian, 245 Internet of hings, 302–303 just-in-time manufacturing, 272–273 Hull, Albert W., 213 inventors Hull, Charles, 301 bank inancing of, 132 Kaczynski, heodore (Unabomber), Human Genome Project, 299 characteristics of, 89–90 146 Hunt, Walter, 216 Greek, 86–88 Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, 187 hunter-gatherer societies, 37–39 as role models, 4–5 Kay, John, 138 hydroelectricity, 281–282 invisible technologies. See also Kennedy, John F., 297, 310 education Kenyon, Kathleen Mary, 50 IBM Corporation, 260, 274, 275– British banking and patents, kerosene, 195 276 131–133 Khufu (pharaoh), 57 Ibn al-Baitar: Kitan al-Jami i Chinese, 76–78 Kier, Samuel Martin, 195 al-Adwiya al-Mufrada, 103 corporation, 158 Kilby, Jack St. Clair, 275 ICBMs (Inter-Continental Ballistic deinition of, 3 knapping stone tools, 30 Missiles), 297 European feudalism, 110 knights (mounted), 110–111 ice machine, 214 Neil Postman on, 13–14 Kodamo, Hideo, 301 Ice Man, 37 iron, 68–69 Korea, 78 impeller pump, 219 Iron Lion of Cangzhou, 69 Korn, Arthur, 265 imported technology, 292–293 irrigation systems, 103 Kroto, Harold, 301 IMSAI 8080 (computer), 275 Isaacson, Walter, 310 Kursk (Battle of), 241 Index of Proscribed Books, 118 Islamic world Kurzwell, Ray, 305 India agrarian revolution, 102–105 Bhobal pesticide disaster, Golden Age of, 100–105 labor 293–294 gunpowder in, 75–76 artiicial intelligence modern mechanical calculation tools in, resistance to innovation ater the threat to, 303–305 254 Golden Age, 17 industrial, 123–124, 130 miracle rice in, 207 rise of, 100–102 in mass production, 131, 143–144 river systems in, 55 sugar trade in, 167 and the proto-industrial revolu- sugar production in, 167 technological decline in, 296 tion, 123–124 indulgences, printing of, 117 and social reform movements, 232 Indus river, 55 Jabir ibn Hayyan, 103–104 sweat shops, 218 Industrial Revolution Jacobs, Jane: he Death and Life of and technology, 18–19 banking and patents, 131–133 Great American Cities, 224 unionization of, 232–233 British early supremacy in Jacquard, Joseph Marie, 142–143 winners and losers, 233 earliest use of term, 163 Jacquard cards (calculation), 259, 260 Lahner, Mark, 59 energy, 161 Jaques, Kevin, 310 Langevin, Paul, 198 engineering education and, Jani’at al-Qarawiyyin, 104 language 185–186 Japan disappearance of due to technol- factory system, 147–149 black ship trade from United ogy, 19 and gender roles, 225 States, 175–177 as invisible technology, 13–14 Luddites/neo-Luddites, 143–144 car culture in, 221 in the Upper Paleolithic manufacturing with labor Fukushima Daliichi nuclear power Revolution, 34–35 division and steam power, plant, 284 Lavoisier, Antoine, 161 131 importing technology, 292–293 Le Corbusier (Charles-Édouard refrigeration technology in, 214 Pearl Harbor attack, 249 Jeanneret-Gris), 222

index 319

Leonardo da Vinci, 150, 274 home as valuable market for, 225 missiles letters patent, 132 medium is the message, 22–23 ICBMs, 297 Levin, Ira: he Stepford Wives, 224 social media, 280 and space race, 298 Levitt, William, 222–223 twentieth-century, 235–236 mobile telephone, 269–270, 280 Levittown, 222–223 mass production Modernist movement, 222 Li Jun, 4–5 battleield equipment in US Civil money, 74 Library of Alexandria, 87 War, 1 7 8 Montessori, Maria, 234 Licklider, J. C. R., 278 factory system, 147–149 Moore, Gordon, 275, 290 Lindbergh, Charles, 235, 237 of homes, 222–223 Moore’s law, 305 linen, 134 interchangeable parts, and labor Morse, Samuel, 190 Ling Ch’u, emperor, 75 division, 131, 179–180 Morse code, 190 Lingqu, 75 and steam engine power, 131 movable type printing, 73, 116–119 Little Boy (bomb), 249 in steel and Bessemer process, Moyce, Robert Norton, 275 Lloyd, William Forster, 22 156–158 Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, Lloyd’s of London, 169 in textile industry, 218 100–102 locomotive (steam), 152–154 and three-dimensional printing, Munters, Carl, 214 looms, 137–138, 141 301 Murdoch, William, 153, 161 losers and winners (technological), Mather, Ralph: An Impartial Murray, Matthew, 153 233 Representation of the Case of music technology, 36–37 Lovelace, Ada, 259 the Poor Cotton Spinners in Luddites, 143–144, 233 Lancashire, 140–141, 164 nanotechnology, 300–301 Łukasiewicz, Ignacy, 195 he Matrix (movie), 305 Napier, John, 255–256 Leyden jar, 188 Mauchly, John W., 266 NASA (National Air and Space Maxim, Hiram Stevens, 203 Administration), 297–298 Machu Picchu, 54 Maxwell, James C., 263 naval technology. See maritime magazine Mayans, 295 technology fashion, 217 McLuhan, Marshall Neanderthals, 34–35 technology, 237 Empire and Communications, 23 Neolithic era magic and ire, 33 mass media, 22–23 culture in, 37–39 Magic Canal, 75 Medici Bank, 132 pottery in, 51 Maginot Line, 239 Mediterranean world technology sacred places, 53–54 Malthus, homas geography of, 86 tool making in, 30 efects of industry on people, 130 Greek, 86–88 neo-Luddites, 143–144 Essay on the Principles of Islamic, 100–105 new brain theory, 34–35 Population, 129 Roman, 90–100 New Lanark mill, 146 Manhattan Project, 248, 282 timeline, 84 New World. See North America Manutius, Aldus, 118 megacities, 222 New York World’s Fair, 219 Marco Polo Meitner, Lise, 248 Newcomen, homas, 150 Il Milione (Travels of Marco Polo), memory Niagara Falls, 190–191 78–79 in history, 8 Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore, 180 Marconi, Guglielmo, 262, 264 and stone tool making, 31 Nile river, 55–57, 61 marginal cost, 302 Mesolithic era, 30 Nipkow, Paul Gottlieb, 265 maritime technology meta-data, 280 nitrates (fertilizer), 187–188 Atlantic ships metallurgy North America. See also Canada; clipper, 168–169 Chinese, 68–70 United States of America schooner, 168 Islamic, 104–105 European voyages to, 119–123 dreadnoughts, 196–198 Meucci, Antonio, 260 slavery in, 124–125 European, 80, 120–121 Mexico, 206–207 North American Aviation P-51 twentieth-century innovations in, Microsot Corporation, 278 Mustang (plane), 244 270–271 microwave ovens, 212–213 novelty and technological change, 16 Marx, Karl Middle East Novoselov, Konstantin, 301 efects of industry on people, 130 domestic technology in, 208 nuclear family, 224, 229 he Poverty of Philosophy, 10 river systems in, 55 nuclear power, 282–284 mass hunting, 38 sugar, 167 nuclear weapons, 247–249 mass media Middleton Railway, 153 Chinese woodblock printing, 73 Mill, John Stuart, 130 Oberth, Harmann, 247 fashion magazines, 217 miracle rice, 207 Oersted, Hans Christian, 189

320 index

Ohm, Georg Simon, 189 Pre-Pottery Neolithic A, B and C, in Islamic world, 100–102 oil tankers, 270–271 50, 61 Roman Catholic Church, 111, Oppenheimer, Robert, 248 presentism, 8–9 114–115, 118 organic chemistry, 161 printing retting, 134 Otis, Elisha, 219–220 Aldine Press, 118 Ricardo, David, 130 Otto, Louis-Guillaume, 163 Chinese movable type, 73 rice, 207 Ötzi (ice man), 37 efect on European life, 118–119 Rikin, Jeremy: he Zero Marginal ovens, 209, 212–213 Gutenberg, 117 Cost Society, 302 Owen, Robert, 146 three-dimensional, 301–302 rivers privacy (online), 280 and beginning of agricultural Page, Larry, 279 progressivism empires, 54–57 Paine, homas, 169 and gloriication of technology, 5 Chinese civil engineering projects Paleolithic era and human history, 6 on, 74–75 technology traps during, 20 and Western society, 6 and hydroelectricity, 281–282 tool making in, 29 Prussia, 234 Robinson, Kim Stanley: Red Mars, Upper Paleolithic Revolution, Ptolemy 301 34–35 Almagest, 119 robots, 273–274 Pantheon, 96 Geographia, 119 Rockefeller Foundation, 206–207 paper Puing Billy (steam locomotive), 153 rockets, 247 Chinese, 72 Puskás, Tivadar, 261 Roebuck, John, 151 Islamic, 103 Putin, Vladimir, 281 Roentgen, Wilhelm Konrad, 262 money, 74 putting-out system, 123, 136 Roman Catholic Church Paris Climate Accord (2016), 284 pyramid technology, 57–60 Cistercian order, 114–115 Parker, Geofrey, 122 Pythagoras of Samos, 86 feudal power of, 111 Parkes, Mrs. William (Frances), 211 Index of Proscribed Books, 118 Pascal, Blaise, 256 Qin Shi Huang, emperor, 75 Roman Empire patents Queen’s Ware (pottery), 148 architecture, 93–96 British, 132–133 quinine, 161 army, 98–99 and genetics research, 300 extensive knowledge of, 90–91 Paterson, William, 132 radar, 245–246, 270 fall of, 99–100, 295 pattern (dressmaking), 217 Radclife, William, 141 farming in, 109–110 Paul, Lewis, 139 radio management of, 97–98 Paxton, Joseph, 160 Citizens Band, 269 mechanical calculation tools in, Perkin, William Henry, 161–162 invention of, 236, 263–264 254 Perry, Matthew, 175 in ocean vessels, 270 refrigeration in, 214 Perskya, Constantin Dmitrievich, 265 transistor, 269 road network in, 91–92 personal computers, 274–275 railways Ronalds, Francis: Descriptions of petroleum British, 152–154 an Electrical Telegraph and and genetics research, 300 and garden city movement, 218 of Some Other Electrical history of, 194–195 and telegraphy, 190 Apparatus, 203 oil tankers, 270–271 in United States, 171–173, 174–175, telegraph, 189 as technology trap, 21 178 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 234 photography, 180 raisin-pudding model, 262 Royal Society of London, 162 Pierce, John R., 268, 290 ranch houses, 222–223 rudder, 120–121 pit ovens, 209 Rawley, James, 311 Rumford, Count, 209 plant domestication, 45–47 Raytheon, 213 Rumford ireplace, 209 Pleistocene, 34–35 Real Monaserio de Nuestra Señora de Russia Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, 149 Rueda (Royal Monastery of Chernobyl nuclear accident, 284 Poor Laws, 146 Our Lady of the Wheel), 115 importing technology, 292–293 Popov, Alexander, 263 refrigeration (domestic), 213–216 nuclear weapons, 249 Postman, Neil Reis, Johann Philipp, 261 relationships ater First World philosophy of technology, 13–14 religion War, 231 Technopoly: he Surrender of in early agricultural settlements, Rutherford, Ernest, 262 Culture to Technology, 13–14 53–54 Rybczynski, Witold pottery European Middle Ages, 111, 112 One Good Turn: A Natural History earliest developments in, 40 and ire, 33 of the Screwdriver and the and permanent settlements, 50–52 indulgences printing, 117 Screw, 4

index 321

Saddlebags cast iron stove, 211 bubonic plague efects, 115–116 locomotive, 152–154 Saint, homas, 216 bureaucratic control over, 74–75 for mass production, 131 salah, 101 communications, 22–24 steel production Salamanca (steam locomotive), 153 concept of time and place, 182–183 Chinese, 69 Sale, Kirkpatrick, 145, 306 conditions for change, 16–18 European, 154–158 salting food, 45 Dollar Auction Game, 21 Islamic, 104–105 Samarskaya Dam, 281 electricity, 212 Japanese, 69–70 satellites, 298–299 feudalism, 110 Steiner, Rudolf, 234 Saur, Carl, 42, 61 ireplaces, 209–210 Stephenson, George, 153 sawm, 101 gender roles, 14–15, 205–206, 224 stereolithography, 301 Scheutz, Pehr George, 259 Greek, 87 stirrup (horse), 110–111 Schilling, Pavel L’vovitch, 189 Industrial Revolution, 162 stock market (US), 237–238, 251 Schmidt, Klaus, 43–44, 61 Islamic, 103–104 Stockton and Darlington Railway, schooners, 168 Luddites, 7, 143–144 153 scrapers (stone), 30, 31 modern challenges, 292–307 stone tools Sea Ban laws, 80 online privacy, 280 prehistoric, 31 search engines, 279 open ires, 208–209 revealing culture, 30–31 Second World War ovens, 209 Stoney, George Johnstone, 262 areas of combat in, 238 printing, 118–119 stoves, 211 aviation, 243–245 railways and information low, Strangers When We Meet (movie), 224 ield weapons, 241–243 174–175 strategic bombers (planes), 244 German preparations for, 239–241 record keeping, 72–75 Strutt, Jedediah, 140 Germany’s early weapon superior- robots, 274 Stuka (plane), 244 ity during, 242 slavery, 124–125 submarines, 198, 283 and growth of suburbs, 220–222 stoves, 211 suburbs nuclear weapons, 247–249 and technological determinism, growth of, 220–222 preparations for, 238–241 9–11 as technology trap, 223–225 radar, 245–246 tragedy of the commons, 22 Sud Aviation Caravelle (jet), 271 rockets, 246–247 transition from hunter-gathering Suez Crisis, 270 weapons of, 241–243 to permanent settlements, sweat shops, 218 Seven Voyages of Zheng He, 79–80 52–53 swords, 99 sewing machines, 216–218 winners and losers, 19 Szilard, Leo, 247–248 shahadah, 101 social media, 280 Sharp, James, 211 sotware, 275–277 Taizong, emperor, 76 Shelley, Mary: Frankenstein: Or the solid-state electronics, 268–269 Talbot, William Henry Fox, 180 Modern Prometheus, 7, 303 sonar, 198, 311 talbotype, 180 Shen Kuo: Writings Beside the Meng Sony Corporation, 269 Tanaka, Hisashige, 274 Creek, 73 space exploration, 296–299 tanks, 201 Shimabara Rebellion, 80 space shuttle, 298 tapa cloth, 72 Shockley, William, 268 Spanish Civil War, 238 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Shubik, Martin, 21, 312 spear making, 30, 31, 37–39, 99 Protocol/Internet Protocol), shuttle (weaving) spear throwing stick, 38 278 boat/bobbin, 138 Speedie Weenie project, 213 Technische Universität Bergakadenie lying, 138 Spenser, Percy, 213 Frieberg (Frieberg University silk, 135 spinning jenny, 139 of Mining and Technology), Sima Qian: Historical Record, 4 spinning machine, roller, 139 185 Simon, héodore, 234 Sputnik, 297 technological blindness, 12–13 Singer, Isaac Merritt, 216–217 SS Great Eastern (steamship), 196 technological determinism, 9–11 Singularity (machine consciousness), St. Lawrence Seaway, 171 technology 304–305 St. Mary and the Martyrs (church), as the “house we live in,” 12–13 slavery 96 deinition of, 2–3 and cotton production, 174 Star Wars defense system, 18 and human existence, 1–2 in North America, 124–125 Station X, 243 and organic chemistry, 161 slide rule, 256 Statute of Monopolies (1623), 132, resulting from increased brain Smalley, Richard, 301 164 development, 25 Smitch, Adam, 130 steam engines transformative nature of, 14 social efects of technology history of, 150–152 winners and losers in, 233

322 index

technology challenges Tihanyi, Kálmán, 265 United Nations Food and Agriculture artiicial intelligence, 303–305 time standardization, 182–183 Organization, 207 Bhopal pesticide disaster, 293–294 Toler, Alvin: Future Shock, 17 United States of America humans as DNA technology, Toledo, 113 black ships, 175–177 299–300 tool making canal building, 171 imported technology, 292–293 archeological eras, 29–31 cast iron stoves, 211 Internet of hings, 302–303 and deinition of technology, 2 Civil War technologies, 177–180 nanotechnology, 300–301 and technology development, 8, and computer origins, 260 space exploration, 296–299 27–28 Constitution, 170 three-dimensional printing, in the Upper Paleolithic cotton industry, 173–174 301–302 Revolution, 34 economic background of, 167 timeline, 292 total war, 179 founders’ philosophy, 169–170 technology transfer, 294 town gas, 161 growth of suburbs in, 220–222 technology traps trade Industrial Revolution technologies, Blitzkrieg warfare, 240 Atlantic, 168–169 170–173 and fall of Roman Empire, 99–100 black ships, 175–177 internet protocols, 278 greenhouse gas efect, 284 chartered companies, 158 nuclear weapons, 247–249 in Paleolithic era, 19–21 Chinese, 78–80 patent system, 133 suburbs as, 223–225 European, 122 railways, 154, 171–173 technopoly, 13 slave, 124–125 rubber development, 183 telegraph sugar, 167–168 slavery in, 124–125 history of, 189–190 tragedy of the commons, 22 sugar industry in, 167–168 in stock market, 237–238 transformative technology, 14 unions in, 232–233 in US Civil War, 178–179 transistor, 268, 290 UNIVAC, 276, 310 telemobiloscope, 245 Treaty of London, 123 Universal Time, 182 telephones Trevithick, Richard, 153 Upper Paleolithic Revolution, 34–35 exchanges, 261 Trinity test (nuclear), 248 Ur, 84 long-distance, 263 triodes, 262 urbanization origins of, 260–261 Truck Act (1831), 144 European proto-industrial, 126 television, 264–265 Trump, Donald, 280 and growth of suburbs, 220–222 Tell es-Sultan, 50 Tseng Kung-Liang, 75 Telstar I (satellite), 298 Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin, 301 V-2 rocket, 247 Tereshkova, Valentina, 297 tube technology Vail, Alfred, 190 Terminator (movie), 7, 305 in computers, 265–268 Vaucanson, Jacques de, 142 Tesla, Nikola, 190, 263 origins of, 264 Venus igurines, 33, 40 Texas Instruments, 275 Tudor, Frederic, 213 Verein für Raumschifahrt (VfR), 247 textile industry tunnels, 236 vertical integration (factory system), and Industrial Revolution, 129, Tupolev Tu-104 (jet), 271 193–194 134–139 Turing, Alan, 243, 266 Vietnam, 67 inluence of the sewing machine Turing machine, 266 Vinge, Vernor, 304 on, 218 twentieth-century technology Vitruvius looms, 137–138 aviation, 236–238 concrete components, 95 Luddites, 143–144 and labor unionization, 232–233 he Ten Books on Architecture, 88 putting-out system, 123 optimism for the future in, Volksschule (people’s school), 234 reform in, 146 235–236 Volta, Alessandro, 188 shuttle and carding innovations, 138 and public education, 233–235 voltaic pile, 188 weaving automation, 142–143 Second World War von Braun, Werner, 247 weaving machines, 141 aviation, 243–245 von Liebig, Justus, 227 hales of Miletus, 86 nuclear weapons, 247–249 von Neumann, John, 266, 267–268, heodorus of Samos, 86 preparations for, 238–241 305 himonnier, Barthélemy, 216 radar, 245–246 von Platen, Baltzar, 214 homas, Philip E., 173 rockets, 246–247 von Siemens, Werner, 220 honborough, John, 156 weapons of, 241–243 three-dimensional printing, 301–302 walkie-talkies, 290 hree Gorges Dam, 282 Union Carbide India Limited, Walter, William Grey, 274 hree Mile Island accident, 284 293–294 War of 1812, 167 Tigris river, 55 unions (labor), 232–233 War of the Currents, 190

index 323

War of the Paciic, 187 and the Cisterian order, 114–115 and industrialization, 225 warfare technologies cost of, 152 wood (use of), 20 American Civil War, 177–180 Watson, homas A., 261 wootz steel, 105 aviation, 202, 243–245 Watson-Watt, Robert, 246, 251 World Trade Center, 228 battleield weapons, 69–70, 75, Watt, James, 150–152 World Wars. See First World War; 110–111, 199, 201, 241–243, weaves (textile), 136 Second World War 246–247 Wedgwood, Josiah, 147–149 Wu Zetian, Empress, 69 chemical warfare, 199–200 Welland Canal, 171 Wyatt, John, 139 Claw of Archimedes, 89 West Point Academy, 185 Wylam Colliery Railway, 153 Crusades, 113 Westinghouse Electric Company, earliest evidence for, 53 190–191 Xerox PARC, 278 and engineering education, 186 wheat, 207 x-rays, 262 First World War industrialization, Wheatstone, Charles, 189 195–202 White, Lynn, 110–111 Yangtze River, 55 nuclear weapons, 247–249 Whitney, Eli, 173–174 Yellow River, 55 radar, 245–246 Wikileaks (website), 280 Roman army, 98–99 William III, 132 zakat, 101 submarines, 198 Wilson, Robert Forest, 309 Zeh, Jan, 194 Washington, George, 169 winners and losers (technological), 233 Zerzan, John, 145 water pumps, 219 women. See also domestic Zheng He, 17, 79–80 waterwheels technology Zipernowsky, Károly, 190 Chinese, 150–152 historical marginalization of, 14–15 Zworykin, Vladimir, 265