Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42560-5 — Technology and Society Andrew Ede Index More Information Index Adams, Douglas: he Hitchhiker’s Appold, John G., 219 art Guide to the Galaxy, 306 Arab Spring (political movement), earliest developments in, 35–37, 40 Adams, John, 169 280 as forerunner to printing, 73 Africa, 28, 168 ARAPANET, 278 Arthur, W. Brian, 304 agricultural civilization, origins of arch construction system, 95 artifacts, from archeological eras, animal domestication, 47–49 archeological eras 29–31 earliest empires, 54–60 Bronze Age, 29 artiicial intelligence, 303–305 food storage and preservation, 45 Mesolithic, 30 ASDIC sonar system, 300 permanent settlements, 49–53 Neolithic, 30 Asia plant domestication, 45–47 Paleolithic, 29 maritime capabilities, 80 pre-agrarian settlements, 43–45 archeological technology mechanical calculation tools in, sacred structures, 53–54 art and music, 35–37 254 theories of, 42 ire, 31–33 miracle rice in, 207 timeline, 42 Neolithic life, 37–39 assembly line, 193, 223 warfare in, 53 stone tool making, 27–31 Aswan High Dam, 281–282, 292–293 agricultural revolution timeline, 27 Atlantic Ocean region technology. European, 108–110 Upper Paleolithic Revolution, See also United States of Islamic, 102–105 34–35 America Albert, Prince, 160, 164 Venus igurines, 33 engineering, 184–186 Alcuin of York, 112 Archie (search engine), 279 timeline, 166 Alexander the Great, 86, 87 Archimedes Atlantikwall, 241 Allen, Paul, 277 Claw of, 144 Atlantis (space shuttle), 298 Altair 8800 (computer), 275 On Floating Bodies, 88 atlatl, 38 alternating current (AC), 190–191 as role model, 4–5 atomic energy. See nuclear power American Academy of Arts and story of, 87–88 Audion, 263 Sciences, 169 architecture Australopithecines, 29, 32 American Philosophical Society, 169 in cities and suburb growth, automobile American Revolution, 167, 234 220–222 and Henry Ford, 193–194 Ampère, André-Marie, 188 Crystal Palace, 160 and petroleum, 194–195 ampliiers (electronic), 262, 268 and home sizes, 218 tunnel creation for, 236 Analytical Engine (calculator), 259 Modernist, 222 autonomous robots, 274 Anasazi, 295 Roman, 93–96 autonomous technology, 305 androids, 274 skyscrapers, 219–220, 228 autopoietec system, 304 aniline dye, 161–162 Arelate, 97–98 aviation animal domestication argon isotope dating technique, 29 in digital age, 271–272 Chinese animal power technology, Arkwright, Richard, 139–141 First World War, 201, 237 66–67 arms race. See also Cold War and Lindbergh, 236, 237 earliest developments in, 47–49 and aviation, 202 Second World War, 243–245 Neolithic roots of, 38 chemical warfare in, 199–200 Avro Lancaster (plane), 244, 272 and textile industry, 134 and dreadnoughts, 196–198 Annie McKim (clipper ship), 168 and industrialized war, 195–196 Babbage, Charles Anthropocene, 284 and machine guns, 199 Economy of Manufactures and Antikythera mechanical calculator, and submarines, 198 Machinery, 257 254 and tanks, 201 efect on others, 259 Apollo Program, 297 Armstrong, Edwin H., 264 life of, 256 Apple Computers, 275–276, 278 Arrhenius, Svante, 285 Bachelor in Paradise, 224 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42560-5 — Technology and Society Andrew Ede Index More Information 314 index Baird, John Logie, 265 Britain Čapek, Josef, 274 Bait al-Hikma (House of Wisdom), and American Revolution, 167 Čapek, Karel, 274 104 and Atlantic sugar trade, 167–168 carding, 134, 139 Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Rail banking and patents, 131–133 Carnot, Sadi: Relections on the Road Company, 154, 173 BBC television broadcasting, 265 Motive Power of Fire, 162 banking civil service examinations in, 78 carracks, 120 Bank of England, 129, 132 corporation, 158 Cartwright, Edmund, 141 Medici Bank, 132 energy and chemistry, 160–162 cast iron, 68–69 Banu Musa brothers, 104 engineering education in, 185 Çatalhöyük, 44–45, 49 Bardeen, John, 268 factory system in, 147–149 catapult, 99 batteries, 287–288 garden city movement in, 218 cathedral schools, 112 Battle of Hastings, 111 Great Exhibition of the Works of cathode rays, 262 Beijing, 222 Industry of all Nations (1851), cave painting, 35–36, 37 Bell, Alexander Graham, 235, 261, 159–160 Caxton, William, 118 263 most powerful empire ater US Centro Internacional de Benedictine order, 114–115 Civil War, 182 Mejoramiento de Maíz y Bent Pyramid, 60 nuclear weapons, 249 Trigo (International Maize Bentham, Jeremy, 130 and origin of computing, 256 and Wheat Improvement Bessemer, Henry, 308 relationships ater First World Center), 207 ‘he Manufacture of Iron without War, 231 Chain Home system, 246 Fuel’, 156 Second World War technologies Chakrabarty, Ananda, 299–300 Bessemer process, 156–158 Spanish invasion of, 122–123 Challenger (space shuttle), 298 Bhopal pesticide disaster, 293–294 supremacy in the Industrial charcoal, 209 Bi Sheng, 73 Revolution, 130–131 Charlemagne, 111–113 Biddle, James, 175 textile industry in, 134–143 Chauvet Cave, 35–36 Billings, John Shaw, 260 unions in, 232–233 Cheops, 57 Binet, Alfred, 234 Brown, George, 173 Chernobyl nuclear accident, 284 Binet-Simon test, 234 bubonic plague Chinese technology Birdseye, Clarence Frank, 216 efects in Europe, 115–116 animal power, 66–67 Black Death. See bubonic plague and fall of Islamic empire, 105 domestic, 208 black ships, 175–177 buckminsterfullerene, 301 gunpowder, 75 Black Tuesday, 238 bureaucracy hydroelectricity, 282 Blake, William, 129 Chinese, 72–78 importance of agriculture to, blast furnace, 156 European, 109–110 65–66 Bláthy, Ottó, 190 Greek, 86–87 invisible, 76–78 Blitzkrieg warfare, 240–241 Roman, 97–98 list of inventions, 64 Blombos Cave, 33 Burke, James, 116 metallurgical, 68–70 Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, 224 Butler, Samuel: Erewhon, 303 paper and printing, 72–75 Boch, Karl, 188 Butterick, Ebenezer and Ellen, 217 resistance to, 17 Boeing 707 and 747, 271, 272, 290 Byrd, Richard E., 236 and river systems, 55 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 244 rocket, 247 Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 244 Cagliarini, Adam, 308 timeline, 63 bomber (plane), 244 Cai Lun, 72 trade and exploration, 78–80 boomerang, 37 Calahan, Edward A., 238 waterwheels, 150–152 Borlaug, Norman, 207 calculators, 254–256 chlorine gas, 200 Bose, Jagadish Chandra, 263 calotype, 180 Chomsky, Noam: Manufacturing Bouchon, Basile, 142 Canada Consent: he Political Boulton, Matthew, 151 Head-Smashed-In Bufalo Jump, 38 Economy of Mass Media, 11 bow and arrow, 39 nuclear weapons in, 249 Cistercian order, 114–115 Braidwood, Robert, 42 oil discovery in, 195 Citizens Band radio, 269 brain development satellite broadcasts in, 298 civil service examinations, 76–78 and tool usage, 28, 30 time standardization in, 182 Clark, Sir Kenneth: Civilization, 306 in the Upper Paleolithic, 34–35 urbanization in, 221 Clarke, Arthur C., 298 Brattain, Walter, 268 canals, 171 he Fountains of Paradise, 301 Bridges, Robert, 129 cannon boring machine, 151 climate change. See also environment Brin, Sergey, 279 cannons, 76, 179 and agricultural development, 45 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42560-5 — Technology and Society Andrew Ede Index More Information index 315 and the Anthropocene, 284 cotton gin, 173–174 solid-state, 268–269 and fall of the Roman Empire, 100 Cowan, Ruth Schwartz: More Work energy exploitation, 281–282 history of, 294–296 for Mother, 228 nuclear power, 282–284 in the Upper Paleolithic Cromford Mill, 140 radio, 263–264 Revolution, 34–35 Crookes, William, 262 robots, 273–274 clipper ship, 168–169 crop rotation telephone coal, 211, 284 Chinese, 65–66 invention of, 260–261 coal gas, 161 European, 109 mobile, 269–270 coal-tar, 161 crucible method (steel), 156 networks, 263 COBOL (Common Business- Crusades, 113, 167 television, 264–265 Oriented Language), 277 Crutzen, Paul, 285 timeline, 253 code talkers, 243 Crystal Palace, 160, 220 transportation, 270–273 coding (information), 242–243 CSS (cascading style sheets), 279 Dilke, Charles, 159 coke (coal), 156, 161 Cugnot, Nicolas-Joseph, 153 direct current (DC), 190–191 Cold War. See also arms race Curl, Robert, 301 dirigible, 237 afecting Green Revolution, 207 cutters (stone), 30 Discovery (space shuttle), 298 ENIAC in, 266 Djoser (pharaoh), 57 space exploration, 296–299 Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé, 180 dog domestication, 47–49 Cole, Henry, 160 daguerreotypes, 180 Dolní Věstonice, 40 Coliseum, 95 Damascus steel, 104–105, 156 Dollar Auction Game, 21 Colossus (early computer), 243 Darby, Abraham I, 156 domestic technology. See also women Columbia (space shuttle), 298 Darwin, Charles: On the Origin of cooking in ireplaces and ovens, Columbus, Christopher, 119–120, Species by Means of Natural 208–211 127, 167 Selection, 303 cooking with electricity, 212 column and beam construction, 93–95 dating techniques, 29 food/Green Revolution, 206–208 comitatus, 110 De Forest, Lee, 262 home architecture/suburbs, communications technology de Havilland Comet, 271 218–223 and empire formation, 23 Deepwater Horizon disaster, 271 ideology around, 224 “medium is the message”, 22–23 democracy microwave oven, 212–213 radio, 235–236, 263–264, 269–270 and the Industrial Revolution, 130 Neolithic era, 37–39 Roman road network as, 91–92 technological determinism and, refrigeration, 213–216 satellite, 298–299 10–11 sewing machine, 216–218 telegraph, 178–179, 189–190, demographics timeline, 205 237–238 European proto-industrial revolu- Dominican Republic, 168 telephone, 260–261, 263 tion, 126 Dornberger, Walter, 247 competition India