Air Transport
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The History of Air Transport KOSTAS IATROU Dedicated to my wife Evgenia and my sons George and Yianni Copyright © 2020: Kostas Iatrou First Edition: July 2020 Published by: Hermes – Air Transport Organisation Graphic Design – Layout: Sophia Darviris Material (either in whole or in part) from this publication may not be published, photocopied, rewritten, transferred through any electronical or other means, without prior permission by the publisher. Preface ommercial aviation recently celebrated its first centennial. Over the more than 100 years since the first Ctake off, aviation has witnessed challenges and changes that have made it a critical component of mod- ern societies. Most importantly, air transport brings humans closer together, promoting peace and harmo- ny through connectivity and social exchange. A key role for Hermes Air Transport Organisation is to contribute to the development, progress and promo- tion of air transport at the global level. This would not be possible without knowing the history and evolu- tion of the industry. Once a luxury service, affordable to only a few, aviation has evolved to become accessible to billions of peo- ple. But how did this evolution occur? This book provides an updated timeline of the key moments of air transport. It is based on the first aviation history book Hermes published in 2014 in partnership with ICAO, ACI, CANSO & IATA. I would like to express my appreciation to Professor Martin Dresner, Chair of the Hermes Report Committee, for his important role in editing the contents of the book. I would also like to thank Hermes members and partners who have helped to make Hermes a key organisa- tion in the air transport field. Finally, and most importantly, this book would not have been possible without the support of my family - my wife, Evgenia, and our sons, George and Yiannis. Dr Kostas Iatrou Director General Hermes – Air Transport Organisation THE HISTORY OF AIR TRANSPORT | 3 Statistics INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC (SCHEDULED SERVICES) Total Total Weight Passenger- Seat-km Passenger Freight Mail tonne-km tonne-km load Passengers km available load tonne-km tonne-km performed available factor Year (millions) (millions) (millions) factor % (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) % 1945 10,000 1946 20,000 1947 24,067 355 131 2,676 1948 26,600 552 172 3,145 1949 30,401 749 192 3,703 1950 35,467 58,624 61 1,012 202 4,426 7,605 58 1951 44,334 69,380 64 1,209 233 5,428 8,671 63 1952 50,668 80,043 63 1,327 263 6,176 10,175 61 1953 59,534 96,178 62 1,393 283 6,950 11,661 60 1954 65,868 108,514 61 1,472 334 7,724 13,091 59 1955 77,268 124,225 62 1,735 374 9,030 15,305 59 1956 89,935 143,437 63 1,971 404 10,400 17,537 59 1957 103,868 169,997 61 2,155 435 11,693 20,371 57 1958 107,668 183,735 59 2,208 475 12,213 21,693 56 1959 124,135 206,548 60 2,549 526 13,989 24,542 57 1960 138,069 233,225 59 2,839 617 15,650 28,300 55 1961 148,202 268,483 55 3,259 728 17,096 33,067 52 1962 156 164,669 308,370 53 3,824 819 19,163 37,723 51 1963 174 186,241 346,173 54 4,295 870 21,520 42,530 51 1964 200 216,598 387,475 56 5,192 920 25,093 49,009 51 1965 228 250,821 447,096 56 6,630 1,112 29,760 57,562 52 1966 258 290,200 503,819 58 7,877 1,547 34,908 65,989 53 1967 300 345,918 606,874 57 9,027 1,911 41,401 81,659 51 1968 341 400,573 750,137 53 11,491 2,406 47,735 98,019 49 1969 377 445,037 862,475 52 13,513 2,548 54,991 115,286 48 1970 400 484,200 880,364 55 14,635 2,780 60,655 121,311 50 1971 430 520,031 963,020 54 16,040 2,619 64,719 132,080 49 1972 472 589,195 1,033,676 57 17,516 2,509 72,939 140,267 52 1973 513 650,471 1,121,502 58 19,775 2,599 81,108 153,033 53 1974 540 690,801 1,170,848 59 20,804 2,604 86,380 159,962 54 1975 560 733,630 1,243,441 59 20,949 2,617 90,785 168,121 54 1976 604 803,325 1,338,875 60 23,296 2,735 99,864 181,570 55 1977 640 861,164 1,411,745 61 25,555 2,866 107,553 192,059 56 1978 711 985,172 1,515,650 65 28,060 2,947 121,535 205,991 59 1979 790 1,115,215 1,689,720 66 30,304 3,091 135,755 226,258 60 1980 784 1,145,326 1,817,977 63 31,789 3,323 140,099 241,550 58 1981 788 1,176,250 1,837,890 64 33,411 3,426 144,862 249,762 58 → 4 | THE HISTORY OF AIR TRANSPORT Statistics Cont’d INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC (SCHEDULED SERVICES) Total Total Weight Passenger- Seat-km Passenger Freight Mail tonne-km tonne-km load Passengers km available load tonne-km tonne-km performed available factor Year (millions) (millions) (millions) factor % (millions) (millions) (millions) (millions) % 1982 802 1,200,951 1,876,486 64 34,112 3,498 148,049 255,257 58 1983 836 1,251,391 1,955,298 64 37,967 3,613 156,488 260,813 60 1984 889 1,343,994 2,067,682 65 42,903 3,895 170,102 283,504 60 1985 942 1,438,073 2,178,899 66 43,074 3,977 179,118 298,529 60 1986 1,006 1,527,234 2,349,590 65 46,692 4,104 190,939 318,232 60 1987 1,077 1,670,794 2,493,722 67 52,249 4,248 209,842 344,004 61 1988 1,134 1,792,762 2,675,764 67 57,578 4,367 226,630 371,524 61 1989 1,173 1,871,643 2,752,416 68 61,839 4,576 238,868 391,587 61 1990 1,232 1,998,915 2,939,581 68 63,632 4,819 252,006 420,009 60 1991 1,200 1,946,943 2,949,914 66 63,378 4,583 247,218 419,013 59 1992 1,212 2,034,555 3,082,660 66 67,814 4,638 259,331 447,123 58 1993 1,208 2,056,936 3,164,516 65 74,121 4,726 268,408 462,772 58 1994 1,305 2,215,320 3,356,545 66 83,608 4,886 292,833 488,055 60 1995 1,380 2,372,607 3,541,205 67 90,046 5,087 314,795 524,659 60 1996 1,473 2,567,161 3,775,237 68 96,619 5,239 339,664 566,107 60 1997 1,542 2,716,056 3,936,314 69 111,402 5,412 368,536 604,157 61 1998 1,557 2,773,094 4,078,079 68 110,288 5,206 373,327 622,211 60 1999 1,654 2,953,345 4,280,210 69 117,678 5,170 396,846 661,410 60 2000 1,753 3,183,706 4,484,092 71 127,798 5,470 429,784 704,565 61 2001 1,720 3,089,899 4,464,679 69 119,874 4,803 413,153 710,100 59 2002 1,718 3,105,591 4,355,201 71 129,655 4,134 422,701 703,839 60 2003 1,773 3,162,758 4,418,693 72 136,060 4,098 433,930 724,582 60 2004 1,979 3,608,707 4,917,087 73 150,482 4,143 488,606 794,828 61 2005 2,119 3,897,404 5,200,507 75 154,244 4,213 519,388 839,812 62 2006 2,238 4,140,544 5,461,374 76 164,432 4,103 551,814 880,141 63 2007 2,434 4,480,619 5,833,780 77 172,333 4,078 588,423 938,205 63 2008 2,470 4,570,132 6,019,040 76 170,677 4,537 598,137 963,385 62 2009 2,488 4,561,413 5,948,503 77 155,819 4,620 577,747 931,795 62 2010 2,705 4,924,229 6,299,370 78 186,631 4,855 645,596 966,133 67 2011 2,870 5,248,140 6,727,814 78 187,191 5,006 677,631 1,024,558 66 2012 3,004 5,528,880 7,010,807 79 185,239 5,195 701,269 1,055,369 66 2013 3,138 5,832,564 7,338,216 79 185,975 5,586 731,033 1,093,991 67 2014 3,316 6,181,177 7,753,755 80 194,633 6,076 773,895 1,156,102 67 2015 3,556 6,644,666 8,281,130 80 197,131 6,549 821,174 1,222,698 67 2016 3,794 7,135,773 8,887,995 80 204,187 6,681 871,639 1,304,086 67 2017 4,062 7,707,118 9,477,045 81 222,996 7,449 945,904 1,385,428 68 2018 4,322 8,257,635 10,105,144 82 230,967 7,393 1,004,763 1,452,363 69 Source.— ICAO Air Transport Reporting Form A and A-S plus ICAO estimates.