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Coproduce Or Codevelop Military Aircraft? Analysis of Models Applicable to USAN* Brazilian Political Science Review, Vol
Brazilian Political Science Review ISSN: 1981-3821 Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política Svartman, Eduardo Munhoz; Teixeira, Anderson Matos Coproduce or Codevelop Military Aircraft? Analysis of Models Applicable to USAN* Brazilian Political Science Review, vol. 12, no. 1, e0005, 2018 Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política DOI: 10.1590/1981-3821201800010005 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=394357143004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Coproduce or Codevelop Military Aircraft? Analysis of Models Applicable to USAN* Eduardo Munhoz Svartman Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Anderson Matos Teixeira Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil The creation of the Union of South American Nations (USAN) aroused expectations about joint development and production of military aircraft in South America. However, political divergences, technological asymmetries and budgetary problems made projects canceled. Faced with the impasse, this article approaches features of two military aircraft development experiences and their links with the regionalization processes to extract elements that help to account for the problems faced by USAN. The processes of adoption of the F-104 and the Tornado in the 1950s and 1970s by countries that later joined the European Union are analyzed in a comparative perspective. The two projects are compared about the political and diplomatic implications (mutual trust, military capabilities and regionalization) and the economic implications (scale of production, value chains and industrial parks). -
The Famous Flying Lockheed Brothers
THE FAMOUS FLYING By Walter J. Boyne Lockheed Brothers The three inventive brothers got things rolling in the 1920s and 1930s. Then they checked out. harles A. Lindbergh’s 1927 The basic Vega design would be simplify matters, the name hereinafter New York-to-Paris flight pro- transmuted into a series of remarkable is spelled Lockheed.) duced an explosion of aviation aircraft. Moreover, the Vega introduced Victor was an automotive engineer, Cactivity, as designers brought forth a a new aviation company with an odd but he made his aviation bones as a multitude of new and sometimes very slogan: “It takes a Lockheed to beat a writer, creating a stir with his 1909 Ve- unusual aircraft. One of these was the Lockheed.” hicles of the Air. In 1912, he published Vega, which made its first flight within The leader of this new firm was Al- a second book, Aeroplane Designing two months of the historic transatlantic lan H. Lockheed, one of three brothers for Amateurs. Victor also designed the flight. who would become major American Taft-Pierce-Lockheed V-8 engine, in There was a stark contrast between industrialists. These three—Allan 1911. The engine is now on display at Lindbergh’s airplane, Spirit of St. Louis, and his brothers Victor and Mal- the National Air and Space Museum’s and the Vega. Lindbergh’s airplane, a colm—all began life with the surname Udvar-Hazy facility in Chantilly, Va., highly modified version of the Mahoney- “Loughead.” Its origin was Scottish, just outside Washington, D.C. Later in Ryan M-2, was from a bygone era. -
Seeking Autonomy: Comparative Analysis of the Japanese & South
Seeking Autonomy: Comparative Analysis of the Japanese & South Korean Defense Sectors Master’s Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Adam Gerval, B.A. Interdisciplinary East Asian Studies MA Program The Ohio State University 2016 Thesis Committee: Philip Brown, Advisor Hajime Miyazaki Youngbae Hwang Copyright by Adam Gerval 2016 Abstract The development of defense technologies has blended economic and national security policies in the postwar era. Many countries have invested heavily in defense industries as a means to stimulate economic gain and technological innovation. However, vibrant defense industries are rarely developed through autonomous production alone. They tread a slow path that often follows shortly behind economic and industrial development, and signals rising players in the international community. However, these developments are often nurtured and influenced by key allies that illuminate both partner’s international and domestic objectives. In this paper I seek to compare the overall historical development of the Japanese and South Korean defense sectors in the post-World War II era. In doing so, I will reveal their technological capabilities, methods for infusing technology into each nation’s defense sector, and finally how these transfers provided the technological foundation for developing defensive autonomy. My findings lead me to argue that the postwar development of both sectors has been path dependent upon the evolution of their diplomatic relationships with the United States. This path has been instrumental in both nations’ economic and technological ascent, but has also been determinant of their abilities and limitations to achieve capability in specific defense technologies. -
Air Transport
The History of Air Transport KOSTAS IATROU Dedicated to my wife Evgenia and my sons George and Yianni Copyright © 2020: Kostas Iatrou First Edition: July 2020 Published by: Hermes – Air Transport Organisation Graphic Design – Layout: Sophia Darviris Material (either in whole or in part) from this publication may not be published, photocopied, rewritten, transferred through any electronical or other means, without prior permission by the publisher. Preface ommercial aviation recently celebrated its first centennial. Over the more than 100 years since the first Ctake off, aviation has witnessed challenges and changes that have made it a critical component of mod- ern societies. Most importantly, air transport brings humans closer together, promoting peace and harmo- ny through connectivity and social exchange. A key role for Hermes Air Transport Organisation is to contribute to the development, progress and promo- tion of air transport at the global level. This would not be possible without knowing the history and evolu- tion of the industry. Once a luxury service, affordable to only a few, aviation has evolved to become accessible to billions of peo- ple. But how did this evolution occur? This book provides an updated timeline of the key moments of air transport. It is based on the first aviation history book Hermes published in 2014 in partnership with ICAO, ACI, CANSO & IATA. I would like to express my appreciation to Professor Martin Dresner, Chair of the Hermes Report Committee, for his important role in editing the contents of the book. I would also like to thank Hermes members and partners who have helped to make Hermes a key organisa- tion in the air transport field. -
2015 Military Equipment Export Report
2015 Military Equipment Export Report Report by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on Its Policy on Exports of Conventional Military Equipment in 2015 Imprint Published by The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs Federal Ministry for and Energy was awarded the audit berufundfamilie® Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) for its family-friendly staff policy. The certificate is Public Relations Division granted by berufund familie gGmbH, an initiative of 11019 Berlin the Hertie Foundation. www.bmwi.de Text and editing Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) Public Relations Division 11019 Berlin www.bmwi.de Design and production PRpetuum GmbH, Munich Status June 2016 This publication as well as further publications can be obtained from: Print Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs BMWi and Energy (BMWi) Public Relations This brochure is published as part of the public relations work of the E-Mail: [email protected] Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. It is distributed free www.bmwi.de of charge and is not intended for sale. The distribution of this brochure at campaign events or at information stands run by political parties is Central procurement service: prohibited, and political party-related information or advertising shall Tel.: +49 30 182722721 not be inserted in, printed on, or affixed to this publication. Fax: +49 30 18102722721 2015 Military Equipment Export Report Report by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on Its Policy on Exports of Conventional Military -
Appendix 13C. Register of the Transfers and Licensed Production of Major Conventional Weapons, 2002
Appendix 13C. Register of the transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons, 2002 BJÖRN HAGELIN, PIETER D. WEZEMAN, SIEMON T. WEZEMAN and NICHOLAS CHIPPERFIELD The register in table 13C.1 lists major weapons on order or under delivery, or for which the licence was bought and production was under way or completed during 2002. Sources and methods for data collection are explained in appendix 13D. Entries in table 13C.1 are alphabetical, by recipient, supplier and licenser. ‘Year(s) of deliveries’ includes aggregates of all deliveries and licensed production since the beginning of the contract. ‘Deal worth’ values in the Comments column refer to real monetary values as reported in sources and not to SIPRI trend-indicator values. Conventions, abbreviations and acronyms are explained below the table. For cross-reference, an index of recipients and licensees for each supplier can be found in table 13C.2. Table 13C.1. Register of transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons, 2002, by recipients Recipient/ Year Year(s) No. supplier (S) No. Weapon Weapon of order/ of delivered/ or licenser (L) ordered designation description licence deliveries produced Comments Afghanistan S: Russia 1 An-12/Cub-A Transport aircraft (2002) 2002 (1) Ex-Russian; aid (5) Mi-24D/Mi-25/Hind-D Combat helicopter (2002) 2002 (5) Ex-Russian; aid (10) Mi-8T/Hip-C Helicopter (2002) 2002 (3) Ex-Russian; aid; delivery 2002–2003 (200) AT-4 Spigot/9M111 Anti-tank missile (2002) . Ex-Russian; aid Albania S: Italy (1) Bell-206/AB-206 Light helicopter -
The Plan in Maturity 279 RCAF. a Fabric-Covered Biplane, with Two
The Plan in Maturity 279 RCAF. A fabric-covered biplane, with two open cockpits in tandem, it was powered by a radial air-cooled engine and had a maximum speed of I I 3 mph. He found it 'a nice, kind, little aeroplane,' though the primitive Gosport equipment used to give dual instruction in the air was 'an absolutely terrible system. It was practically a tube, a flexible tube' through which the instructor talked 'into your ears . like listening at the end of a hose. ' MacKenzie went solo after ten hours. His first solo landing was complicated. As he approached, other aircraft were taking off in front of him, forcing him to go around three times. 'I'll never get this thing on the ground, ' he thought. His feelings changed once he was down. 'It was fantastic. Full of elation.' Although they were given specific manoeuvres to fly while in the air, '99% of us went up and did aerobatics . .. instead of practising the set sequences. ' Low flying was especially exciting, 'down, kicking the tree tops, flying around just like a high speed car. ' The only disconcerting part of the course was watching a fellow pupil 'wash out. ' 'You would come back in the barracks and see some kid packing his bags, ' he remembered. 'There were no farewell parties. You packed your bags and . snuck off . It was a slight and very sad affair. ' Elementary training was followed by service instruction as either a single- or dual-engine pilot. There was no 'special fighter pilot clique' among the pupils, but MacKenzie had always wanted to fly fighters and asked for single-engine training. -
Government Support of the Large Commercial Aircraft Industries of Japan, Europe, and the United States CONTENTS Page RISK and the ROLE of GOVERNMENTS
Chapter 8 Government Support of the Large Commercial Aircraft Industries of Japan, Europe, and the United States CONTENTS Page RISK AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS . 342 UNITED STATES ... *.*. ... *.. ... ... ... ..*. ..*. ... ... *.*. *.*. .*** *. * * * 4 ...***... 344 Motives . .344 Military-Commercial Synergies . 345 Government Funding for Civil Aeronautical R&D . 346 Direct Financial Assistance . 348 promotion of a Domestic Market . 348 Export Assistance . .348 JAPAN . 349 Motives . .349 Direct Financial Supports . 349 Military-Commercial Synergies . 351 Other Mechanisms . 351 EUROPE . .352 Motives . .352 Direct Financial Support . 353 Government Influence Over Airline Procurement Decisions . 355 Government Promotion of Cooperation and Consolidation . 356 Military-Commercial Synergies . 357 Government Funding for Civil Aeronautical R&D . ..*.....**.....,,***....****.. 358 Export Assistance . .358 CONCLUSIONS . 358 Box Box Page 8-A. Airbus . .353 Figures— Figure Page 8-1. Cumulative Cash Flow for an Aircraft Project . 344 8-2. NASA Aeronautics Funding, 1959-91 . 347 8-3. World Market Share, 1970-92 Large Commercial Transport Airplane by Value of Deliveries . 352 8-4. Aircraft Inventories by Nationality of Airlines and Aircraft Manufacture, 1989 . 356 Tables Table Page 8-1. Benefits to Commercial Aircraft and Component Manufacturers of Various Types of Government Actions . 342 8-2. Aircraft Development Costs ... ... ... ... ... $.. *.*. *.. e.. **. ..*. *.. .. .+.$..+**.. 343 8-3. Launch Aid for Airbus Members . 355 8-4. Government Ownership of Major European Airlines . 356 8-5. Sales, 1989 . 357 Chapter 8 Government Support of the Large Commercial Aircraft Industries of Japan, Europe, and the United Statesl The commercial aircraft industry2 is often charac- ment on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Agreement on terized by superlatives. It has the largest trade Trade in Civil Aircraft acknowledges this, stating surplus of any U.S. -
Multiplying the Sources LICENSED and UNLICENSED MILITARY PRODUCTION
Small Arms Survey 2007: Chapter 1 Summary Multiplying the Sources LICENSED AND UNLICENSED MILITARY PRODUCTION For the victims of armed violence, it does not really matter who produced the gun that causes their injury or death. Yet, for those seeking to prevent such violence, the producer is extremely important. New information presented in this chapter indicates that anywhere from 60 to 80 per cent of all military rifles, assault rifles, and carbines—the weapons most frequently used in modern armed conflict—are manufactured by producers that acquired the necessary technology from others. Licensed production occurs in virtually all areas of the modern economy. The motives behind it are numerous, ranging from the anticipated increase of market share and returns on investment in research and development on the part of the licensor com- pany, to the wish to develop domestic industry and decrease import dependence on the part of the licensee country. Licensed production agreements can involve many different juridical and organizational arrangements. In some cases manufacturing tech- nology is acquired without the knowledge of its original owner, i.e. production takes place without a licence. Bangladesh and Pakistan, for example, produce weapons under a licence from China, which had previously copied the product without licence from the former Soviet Union (USSR). Production know-how, once transferred, cannot be retrieved. Both licensed and unlicensed production involves the acquisition of production technology by a manufacturer that did not previously possess it. While this need not lead to an overall increase in the number of weapons produced, it does involve the dissemination of weapons production know-how to a greater number of actors. -
The City Ascendant: America's Urban Economy
The City Ascendant: America’s Urban Economy by Edward L. Glaeser Harvard University and NBER December 19, 2006 Preliminary Draft ii Preface This book occupies an uncomfortable middle ground between economics and history. It does not look like a conventional piece of economics. Economic theory lies always in the background but is never trumpeted with algebra and graphs. The statistics it contains are unvarnished with fancy econometric techniques. Moreover, this book is certainly not history or even economic history. Apart from the use of census documents, I have used almost no original sources. As far as I know, none of the stories contained herein are actually new. Many of them are well known and I have no pretensions to being any sort of an original historian. This book is an attempt to make urban economics accessible through American history. I am trying to use the paths of America’s cities to show the power of economic theory. While I have tried not to cherry pick my examples too much, there can be no doubt that I have chosen my stories to illustrate the strength of urban economics. I have made constant use of urban history, but I am not adding to that great field. My hope is that this book will be interesting to both economists and non-economists. Economists will find few new ideas in this book. The basic thoughts have been previously expressed in my own writing and far more significantly in the broad literature of urban economics that includes von Thunen, Alfred Marshall and Paul Krugman. For economists, I hope that this book provides them with examples that enrich the theory. -
The Wilkins Chronicle a Selection of Wilkins-Related Trove Articles, Incorporating Advertisements and Cartoons from the Day
The Wilkins Chronicle A selection of Wilkins-related Trove articles, incorporating advertisements and cartoons from the day Please note * indicates that the photo used 29 March 1941 — Sydney “Daily Mirror” World Cable is taken from the Sir George Hubert Wilkins New York Help for Australia Service. Papers, SPEC.PA.56.0006, Byrd Polar and The Anzac War Relief Fund which is Truth (Brisbane, Qld), Sunday 29 June Climate Research Center Archival controlled by 300 Australians living in New 1941, page 23. Program, Ohio State University York has donated 55 ambulances to the https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2 Australian Red Cross Society. 03207334 1941 The value of these ambulances is estimated at £25,000. Among the well-known Australians on the executive committee are singer Majorie Lawrence, pianist-composer Percy Grainger, and polar explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins. Australian representatives are Mr. C. K. Gamble and Mr. C. H. Tovell, of the Vacuum Oil Co. Daily News (Perth, WA), Saturday 29 March 1941, page 33. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/7 8562504 12 April 1941 WAR BRINGS FORGOTTEN Adventures in Balkans Talking to Mr. T. R. Wilkins the other day about the services of his brother Sir An advertisement from (Truth (Brisbane, Qld), Sunday 29 Hubert Wilkins in the present war, I June 1941, page 23.). Looks like Marshal Wilkins has ridden into town. Photo reminded him that the present phase of the dated 1941. *OSU Polar Archives [wilkins35_11_7]. struggle would probably deepen that 12 July 1941 veteran adventurer's desire to be back in the Bombs Greet Explorer 17 January 1941 thick of things again. -
Arms Procurement Decision Making Volume I: China, India, Israel
6. South Korea Jong Chul Choi* I. Introduction An examination of the arms procurement decision-making process of South Korea (the Republic of Korea) reveals certain idiosyncratic features stemming from the national and international security environments and from the institu- tional process within the Ministry of National Defense (MND). Since the 1950 Korean War the security environment of South Korea has been characterized by the long-standing threat posed by North Korea (the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea). US military policy towards South Korea—based on a military alliance relationship—and US arms transfer policy have been among the most salient factors influencing the arms procurement process. The domestic political system in operation since the 1970s—charac- terized by a strong presidency and an authoritarian tradition—has made the process less transparent and accountable to the public. A key feature is the concentration of arms procurement decision-making authority in the MND and the President. Throughout the process the MND dominates other government agencies and institutions and even the National Assembly. It has the task of concluding the process and it receives interim reports at nearly every stage. The President has the final say regarding procurement programmes with budgets exceeding 5 billion won ($5.25 mil- lion).1 1 At the 1997 average exchange rate of 951 won = $1. International Financial Statistics, Mar. 1998. * The author wishes to thank J. Y. Ra, formerly Professor of Political Science, Kyung Hee Uni- versity, and currently Vice-Director of the Agency for National Security Planning, for super- vising the study in the ROK.