Language Index

Home , American Sign Language

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Language Index

American Sign Language, 13, 213–33 Halkomelem, 10, 89 Arabic (Lebanese), 11, 119, 123, 125, 129–30, Hebrew (Modern), 10, 58–60, 62–4, 68, 72, 77, 134–5, 152, 162–3 79 Arabic (Modern Standard), 10, 115, 119–26, Hindi, 41, 50 129–31, 135–6, 139–40, 142, 146–8, 152, Hungarian, 10, 97, 99, 106, 217, 313, 316 160–1 Arabic (Palestinian), 11, 151–66, 300 Icelandic, 308 Arabic (Tunisian), 14, 261, 263–9, 272, 275, Indonesian, 10, 22, 110, 313, 316, 278 384 Armenian (Western). See Western Armenian Italian, 15, 23–4, 32, 44–5, 325–6, 331 Azari, 277 Japanese, 12, 22, 99, 107, 167–92, 214, 217, Bangla, 22, 39 219, 222, 225, 359 Berber, 305 Blackfoot, 10, 89 Korean, 119, 217 Breton, 264 Latin, 63 Cantonese, 10, 23, 99 Latin (Church), 348 Cape-Verdean, 12, 193–212 Chinese, 22, 117, 170, 214, 225 Malagasy, 219 Chol, 100 Maltese, 264 Czech, 300 Manam, 305 Mandarin, 10, 12, 23, 38, 46, 48, 53–4, 58, 86, Danish, 5 90–1, 97, 99, 106, 109–11, 116, 168, 170, Dëne Sųłiné, 10, 60, 76, 86, 88, 99 173, 190, 210, 212, 217–19, 222–3, 305, Dutch, 61, 63, 93, 108–9, 112, 119, 300, 313–14, 316 308–10, 312, 316 Mi’gmaq, 100, 255 Mokilese, 109 Ejagham, 106 Mundurucu, 97 English (British), 313 English (Canadian), 382 Nez Perce, 10, 22, 41, 48–52, 89, 100, 214, 384 French, 10, 16, 40, 94–5, 112, 248, 337–55, Nuosu Yi, 22, 39 375, 378 French Sign Language, 213 Objiwbe, 68, 112, 153, 164

German, 2, 308–9, 324, 375, 378 Panará, 10, 59, 71–2, 79 German Sign Language, 217 Persian, 63, 262–3, 272, 277–8 Germanic Languages, 308 Portuguese (Brazilian), 10, 12, 102, 106, 193, Greek (Modern), 9, 23, 33, 42, 44–5, 52, 63, 199, 205 89, 167, 305 Portuguese (European), 197

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422 Language Index

Russian, 41, 50, 214, 280 Ugro-Finnish, 27, 30

Sakurabiat, 10, 59, 73–4, 78–9 Wayaro, 10 Spanish (Peninsular), 124, 195 Welsh, 264 Spanish (Rioplatense), 12, 193–212 Western Armenian, 14, 59, 67, 168, 222, 261–4, 273–8, 313 Taba, 109 Tagalog, 89, 98 Ye’kwana, 10, 59, 74–5, 78–9 Taurepang, 10, 59, 74–5, 79 Yudja, 10, 13, 22, 25, 32–49, 52, 58–9, 69–72, Turkish, 14, 170, 173–92, 217, 222, 228, 79, 82, 98, 100–4, 110–11, 113, 214, 231, 261–4, 273–8, 313 305, 384

Subject Index

Abundance reading of plurals. See Plurality: Cardinal modification, 359, 366 Abundance reading of Cardinal(-ity), 11, 16, 43, 59, 77, 92, 109, Acceptability judgment task, 175–7, 179, 115, 117, 120, 131–2, 134–40, 143–8, 184–5, 193, 198–207 161, 167, 172–3, 184, 191, 195, Aggregate nouns. See Object mass nouns 206–7, 209–11, 230, 269, 292, 295, Allan, Keith, 16, 322, 338, 357–61, 365–8 302, 311, 337, 340, 343–4, 347, American National Corpus, 382 359, 366 American Sign Language Celebrity Nouns, 377, 382 as a number neutral language, 225 Chierchia’s typology of languages, 9, 12–13, mass nouns in, 214–16 21, 76, 187, 193, 211, 395 not a classifier language, 222 Classifier, 2, 5–6, 9–10, 12–14, 21, 23, 26, not a number marking language, 90–1, 97, 99–100, 106, 109, 115–18, 124, 216–22 156, 159, 165–6, 186–7, 228, 230, 279, Anaphora/Anaphoric reference, 14, 143, 145, 282, 308–9, 368 196, 231, 282–3, 286–9, 295–6 general, 90, 109, 173 Anti-count expression, 10, 93–4, 96–7 hidden, 390 Asymmetries in Count-Mass, 10, 14, 81–114 in ASL, 215, 222 Atomic. See Atomicity mensural, 81, 90–1, 99, 106, 109 Atomic predicate. See Atomicity number marking, 91 Atomicity, 6, 21, 26, 28, 30–1, 36–7, 41–3, 45, numeral, 86, 109, 216 47, 51, 54, 85, 104–13, 171, 188, 198, shape-based, 168, 171, 177, 186, 228 208–9, 211, 237, 239, 242–3, 245, sortal, 81, 90–1, 99, 105–7, 109–10, 173, 248–50, 259, 264, 272, 289, 339–40 190, 225, 228 natural vs. semantic, 11, 36, 49, 82, 87, 104, Coercion (Count-Mass), 4, 7, 9, 11, 13–14, 113, 165 57, 61, 65, 72, 77–9, 100, 111–12, 114, semantic, 87 166, 168, 195, 209, 211, 239–40, 281, Atomization, 38, 278 285–6, 289, 300–3, 305, 312, 338–9, Atoms. See Atomicity 348, 350, 352–4, 382, See also Countability Shift, Grinding, Packaging, Bare argument, 210 Sorting, Portion reading Bare noun. See Noun:Bare Collective, 265, 270 Bare plural, 132–4, 261, 265–6, 275–8, 368–9, comparison of noun denotations 371–5, See also Plural:bare number vs. volume, 202–5 Bare singular, 207, 368–9, 371–5 Concrete portion reading, 281 Bochum English Countability Lexicon Continuum, Count-Mass as, 16, 324, 338, (BECL), 381–2, 385–6, 388, 392, 394 343–8, 351 numbers of count vs. mass senses in, Core knowledge systems, 82, 91, 333 395–6 magnitude representation in, 98 Boundaries Corpus of Contemporary American English, and count vs. mass, 334 16, 361–2, 390 and visual shape, 333–4 Corpus studies of Count-Mass, 15–16, 107, Bouquet noun. See Homogeneous object noun 324–5, 328, 338, 341, 361, 382

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424 Subject Index

Count quantity expression, 96–8, 101, 103, Inclusive plurals, 145–7, 155 108–10, 113 Individuation, 2, 8, 72, 82, 92, 104–5, 107, Countability, 104–13, 321–3, 335 114, 168, 170, 172–4, 176, 189, 290, and context, 331–2 318, 338–40, 342, 344–5, 351, 378, and lexical underspecification, 391–2, 396 332 degrees of, 105, 107, 342 Countability diagnostics, 357–8 schema of, 14, 169, 188–9, 287, 290 Countability Shift, 7, 11, 17, 57, 60, 62, 64–6, 76, 88, 91, 103, 114, 116, 151, 157–9, Jespersen, Otto (1860-1943), 4–5, 83 163, 166, 189–90, 194, 216, 227, 291, 298, 300, 303, 306–8, 322, 378, 380, 385, Kind reference, 312 387–8 Kind-oriented language, 48 Counting base, 187–91, 287, 289–93, 299, 302 Kinds Counting constructions, 159, 173, 186, 292–3, count vs. mass, 32–4 300 denotation in classifier languages, 169 Cumulative reference, 83–4, 357 Language Denumerator, 364–5 classifier, 2, 9, 12, 21, 23–4, 36–9, 52, 86, Denumerators, 359 99, 109–10, 116, 167–71, 173, 183, 186, Diminutives, 299 191, 193, 214, 217, 230, 313 Discourse referent, 188 count only, 100 Discourse referents, 187–8, 289, 299, count vs. mass, 98–103 302 generalized classifier, 13, 38–40, 51, 170, Discourse Representation Theory, 187–8, 214, 224 288–99 generalized number, 9, 13, 21, 23–4, 46–52, Discrete individuals, 169, 172–6, 178–80, 183, 218, 230 359 number marking, 9, 12–13, 21, 23–4, 39–46, collections of, 167, 172, 175, 180 52, 76, 104, 112–13, 167, 187, 191, 193, Discreteness/Disjointness, 55, 57, 64, 68, 208–9, 211, 214, 230, 321 72–6 number neutral, 193, 211, 384 Disjoint domains for count and mass, 239 numeral classifier, 86, 90, 99, 223 Distributive reference, 84–5 singulative, 264, See also Singulative Divided reference, 84, 113 Lexical ambiguity, 218–19, 221, 312, 377–8, Dot types, 280, 287 380–2, 385 Lexical Plural, 15, 337–55, See also Pluralia Exclusive plurals, 9, 11, 115, 146–7, 155 tantum Lexical variation, 91, 377, 381 Fake mass nouns. See Object mass nouns Fence noun. See Homogeneous object noun Masscolex project, 341 Fraction, 202, 253, 280, 284, 301 Meanings Furniture nouns. See Object mass nouns count, 98 Fuzzy denumerator, 365 count vs. mass, 81, 98–103 Fuzzy denumerators, 359 Measure function, 38, 102, 108, 207, 280, 288, 296–7, 301 Grammars Measure words, 86, 91, 107–10, 272 count, 98 Mereology, 8, 187, 280, 288–9, 315 count vs. non-count, 88, 91, 97 Minimal part, 68 Grinding, 7, 14, 17, 31–2, 34, 111, 195, 223, 307–8, 310, 312, 318, 322, 331, 378–80, Non-atomic count meaning, 109 385–8, 393, 397 Non-count quantity expression, 7, 93, 97–8 Noun History of Count-Mass description, 3–5 abstract, 1, 9, 64, 112, 173, 348, 361, 373 Homogeneous object noun, 2, 6, 87–8, 110–11, abstract vs. Concrete, 3–4, 388, 392 241, 290, 374 bare, 7, 12, 14, 16, 39, 169, 210–12, 261–78 Homonymy, 378, 381, 385–6 classifier, 296

Subject Index 425

collective, 105, 338, 342, 345, 353 Pseudopartitive construction, 279–303 dual life, 7, 17, 195, 198, 378, 381–2, 386–7, container+contents reading, 280–9, 291, 391, 393 293–302 flexible, 7, 12, 14, 60–1, 66, 111–13, free portion reading, 279, 281 193–212, 306, 308–10, 318 measure reading (ad hoc), 280–9, 296–302 homogeneous count noun, 209, See also measure reading (standard), 281, 297 Homogeneous object noun types of readings, 281–2 indeterminate, 261, 273 Psychology (cognitive), 4, 7–8, 15, 22, 335 relational, 38, 287, 293, 298, 301 Psychology (experimental), 15, 323–4 sortal, 287–8, 293, 296 stably atomic, 41–2, 51, 171, 183, 187 Quantifier-split Number in ASL, 13 general, 218, 222, 230, 262–3, 275, 277–8, Quantifier-split in ASL, 225 334 Quantity comparison task, 99, 101, 104, 168, referential and relation to countability, 172, 176, 183, 205–6, 210 333 Quantity judgment task, 103 Number marking, 102–3, 105–6, 108–9 Quantization, 14, 27, 32–4, 48, 169, 188–9, Number neutrality, 14, 67, 86, 117, 120, 132, 191, 290–2, 301 306, 312–17 Renominalization, 14, 263, 273, 275, 278 Object mass nouns, 2, 6, 12, 21, 23–4, 32, Ring paradox, 85 43–4, 58, 84–5, 87–8, 97–9, 104–7, 111, Rope noun. See Homogeneous object noun 167–92, 237, 305, 313, 338, 342, 345, 353, 374–5, 377, 390 Single domain for both count and mass, 242 Singulative, 263–6, 270–2, 275, 334 Packaging, 7, 14, 31–2, 34, 50, 219, 221, Sorting, 7, 14, 307–10, 312, 318, 375, 378, 307–8, 310, 312, 331, 343, 349–50, 375, 384, 387, 397 378, 384, 387–8, 394, 397 Spelke objects/substances, 9, 22, 36, 44, 92, Philosophy/Philosophers, 7, 83 167, 323, 333 Pluralia Tantum, 361, 367, 371–4, See also Substance-Object distinction, 186, 306, 321–2, Lexical plural 384 Plurality, 9, 26, 45, 56–7, 68, 83, 100, 146, Superordinate nouns. See Object mass nouns 155, 187, 197–8, 211, 218, 222–3, Sweet, Henry (1845-1912), 3–4 261–78 abundance reading of, 9, 33, 42, 52, 63, 67, Type I language. See Language: number marking 74, 77, 89, 218 Type II language. See Language: Classifier classical (Link) theory of, 58–60 Type III languages. See Language: generalized lexical. See Lexical plural number of mass nouns, 62 Type mismatch, 301 relation to countability, 10, 16, 26, 55, 57, Type theory with records, 288 70, 72–6, 79 Pluralization, 9, 68 Undifferentiated stuff, 167, 169–70, 172–3, relation to countability, 64 175–84, 379 Plurals abundance reading of, 63 Vague minimal parts, 85 bare, 193–212, See also Bare Plural Variation in Count-Mass, 6, 9–10, 14, 16, 21, exclusive. See Exclusive plurals 23–5, 28, 34, 52, 54, 58, 68–9, 91, 112, inclusive. See Inclusive plurals 153, 175, 210, 306, 358, 374, 377, 382 lexical. See Lexical plural as function of language-type, 25–6 Polysemy, 306, 378, 380–1, 385–7, 393 Variation in number marking, 52 Portion reading, 57, 64, 72–8, 112, 281–2 Portioning, 164, 291, 322, 349, 384 WordNet, 379, 381–2, 390