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Florida Department of Education Home Language Codes
Florida Department of Education Home Language Codes Code Home Language OM (Afan) Oromo AB Abkhazian AC Abnaki AD Achumawi AA Afar AK Afrikaans AE Ahtena EF Akan EK Akateko AF Alabama AL Albanian, Shqip AG Aleut AH Algonquian WJ American Sign Language AM Amharic AI Apache AR Arabic AJ Arapaho AO Araucanian AP Arikara AN Armenian, Hayeren AS Assamese AQ Athapascan AT Atsina AU Atsugewi AV Aucanian WK Awadhi AW Aymara AZ Azerbaijani AX Aztec BA Bantu BC Bashkir BQ Basque, Euskera BS Bassa BJ Belarusian Code Home Language BE Bengali, Bangla BR Berber BP Bhojpuri DZ Bhutani BH Bihari BI Bislama BG Blackfoot BF Breton BL Bulgarian BU Burmese, Myanmasa BD Byelorussian CB Caddo CC Cahuilla CD Cakchiquel CA Cambodian, Khmer CN Cantonese EC Carolinian CT Catalan CE Cayuga ZA Cebuano ED Chamorro CF Chasta Costa CG Chemeheuvi CI Cherokee CJ Chetemacha CK Cheyenne ZB Chhattisgarhi ZC Chinese, Hakka ZD Chinese, Min Nau (Fukienese or Fujianese) CH Chinese, Zhongwen CL Chinook Jargon CM Chiricahua ZE Chittagonian CP Chiwere CQ Choctaw CS Chumash EE Chuukese/Trukese Code Home Language CU Clallam CV Coast Miwok CW Cocomaricopa CX Coeur D’Alene CY Columbia DF Comanche CO Corsican DG Cowlitz DJ Cree ZF Creole HR Croatian, Hrvatski DK Crow DH Cuna DI Cupeno CZ Czech DB Dakota DA Danish DL Deccan DC Delaware DD Delta River Yuman DE Diegueno DU Dutch, Netherlands DO Dzongkha EN English EA Eskimo EO Esperanto ES Estonian EB Eyak FO Faroese FA Farsi, Persian FJ Fijian FL Filipino FI Finnish, Suomi FB Foothill North Yokuts FC Fox FR French FD French Cree Code Home -
The Genus Anadenanthera in Amerindian Cultures
THE GENUS ANADENANTHERA IN AMERINDIAN CULTURES BY SIRI VON REIS ALTSCHUL, PH .D. RESEARCH FELLOW BOTANICAL MUSEUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 1972 This monograph is dedicated in affectionate memory to the late DANIEL HERBERT EFRON, PH.D., M.D. 1913-1972 cherished friend of the author and of the Botanical Museum, a true scientist devoted to the interdisciplinary approach in the advancement of knowledge. A/""'f""'<J liz {i>U<// t~ },~u 0<<J4 ~ If;. r:J~ ~ //"'~uI ~ ()< d~ ~ !dtd't;:..1 "./.u.L .A Vdl0 If;;: ~ '" OU'''-k4 :/" tu-d ''''''"-''t2.. ?,,".jd,~ jft I;ft'- ?_rl; A~~ ~r'4tft,t -5 " q,.,<,4 ~~ l' #- /""/) -/~ "1'Ii;. ,1""", "/'/1'1",, I X C"'-r'fttt. #) (../..d ~;, . W,( ~ ~ f;r"'" y it;.,,J 11/" Y 4J.. %~~ l{jr~ t> ~~ ~txh '1'ix r 4 6~" c/<'T'''(''-;{' rn« ?.d ~;;1';;/ a-.d txZ-~ ~ ;o/~ <A.H-iz "" ~".,/( 1-/X< "..< ,:" -.... ~ ~ . JJlr-0? on . .it-(,0.1' r 4 -11<.1.- aw./{') -:JL. P7t;;"j~;1 S .d-At ;0~/lAQ<..t ,ti~?,f,.... vj "7rU<-'- ~I""" =iiR-I1;M~ a....k«<-l, ¢- f!!) d..;.:~ M ~ ~y£/1 ~/.u..-... It'--, "" # :Z:-,k. "i ~ "d/~ efL<.<~/ ,w 1'#,') /';~~;d-t a;.. tlArl-<7'" I .Ii;'~.1 (1(-;.,} >Lc -(l"7C),.,..,;.. :.... ,,:/ ~ /-V,~ , ,1" # (i F'"' l' fJ~~A- (.tG- ~/~ Z:--7Co- ,,:. ,L7r= f,-, , ~t) ahd-p;: fJ~ / tr>d .4 ~f- $. b".,,1 ~/. ~ pd. 1'7'-· X ~-t;;;;.,~;z jM ~0Y:tJ;; ~ """.,4? br;K,' ./.n.u" ~ 7r .".,.~,j~ ;;f;tT ~ ..4'./ ;pf,., tJd~ M_~ (./I<'/~.'. IU. et. c./,. ~L.y !f-t.<H>:t;.tu ~ ~,:,-,p., .....:. -
Inquisitive Semantics OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, //, Spi
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, //, SPi Inquisitive Semantics OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, //, SPi OXFORD SURVEYS IN SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS general editors: Chris Barker, NewYorkUniversity, and Christopher Kennedy, University of Chicago advisory editors: Kent Bach, San Francisco State University; Jack Hoeksema, University of Groningen;LaurenceR.Horn,Yale University; William Ladusaw, University of California Santa Cruz; Richard Larson, Stony Brook University; Beth Levin, Stanford University;MarkSteedman,University of Edinburgh; Anna Szabolcsi, New York University; Gregory Ward, Northwestern University published Modality Paul Portner Reference Barbara Abbott Intonation and Meaning Daniel Büring Questions Veneeta Dayal Mood Paul Portner Inquisitive Semantics Ivano Ciardelli, Jeroen Groenendijk, and Floris Roelofsen in preparation Aspect Hana Filip Lexical Pragmatics Laurence R. Horn Conversational Implicature Yan Huang OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, //, SPi Inquisitive Semantics IVANO CIARDELLI, JEROEN GROENENDIJK, AND FLORIS ROELOFSEN 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, //, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, ox dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Ivano Ciardelli, Jeroen Groenendijk, and Floris Roelofsen The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in Impression: Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, for commercial purposes, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rights organization. This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms ofa Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives . -
University of California Santa Cruz Minimal Reduplication
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ MINIMAL REDUPLICATION A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in LINGUISTICS by Jesse Saba Kirchner June 2010 The Dissertation of Jesse Saba Kirchner is approved: Professor Armin Mester, Chair Professor Jaye Padgett Professor Junko Ito Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Jesse Saba Kirchner 2010 Some rights reserved: see Appendix E. Contents Abstract vi Dedication viii Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Structureofthethesis ...... ....... ....... ....... ........ 2 1.2 Overviewofthetheory...... ....... ....... ....... .. ....... 2 1.2.1 GoalsofMR ..................................... 3 1.2.2 Assumptionsandpredictions. ....... 7 1.3 MorphologicalReduplication . .......... 10 1.3.1 Fixedsize..................................... ... 11 1.3.2 Phonologicalopacity. ...... 17 1.3.3 Prominentmaterialpreferentiallycopied . ............ 22 1.3.4 Localityofreduplication. ........ 24 1.3.5 Iconicity ..................................... ... 24 1.4 Syntacticreduplication. .......... 26 2 Morphological reduplication 30 2.1 Casestudy:Kwak’wala ...... ....... ....... ....... .. ....... 31 2.2 Data............................................ ... 33 2.2.1 Phonology ..................................... .. 33 2.2.2 Morphophonology ............................... ... 40 2.2.3 -mut’ .......................................... 40 2.3 Analysis........................................ ..... 48 2.3.1 Lengtheningandreduplication. -
Ed 376 833 Title Institution Report No Pub Date Note
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 376 833 IR 055 302 TITLE ARL: A Bimonthly Newsletter of Research Library Issues and Actions, 1994. INSTITUTION Association of Research Libraries, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISSN-1050-6098 PUB DATE Nov 94 NOTE 97p.; For the 1992-93 issues, see ED 364 223. AVAILABLE FROMAssociation of Research Libraries, 21 Dupont Circle, Washington, DC 20036 (members $25/year for additional subscription; nonmembers $50/year). PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT ARL; n172-177 Jan 1994-Nov 1994 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Libraries; Federal Government; Federal Legislation; Financial Support; Futures (of Society); Grants; Higher Education; *Library Administration; *Library Associations; *Library Services; Meetings; *Research Libraries IDENTIFIERS *Association of Research Libraries ABSTRACT This document consists of 6 issues (1 year) of a newsletter devoted to information and reports on issues and actions of interest to research libraries. Each issue contains articles on current issues, federal relations, and ARL activities as well as columns by the Coalition for Networked Information, the Office of Scientific and Academic Publishing, and the Office of Management Services. The highlights of each issue are as follows: (January 1994) "Trends in University Funding for Research Libraries," "NII and Intellectual Property," "Serial Cancellation Survey," and "Attracting Minority Applicants"; (March 1994) "Steps Toward a New U.S. Communications Policy," "Celebrating Libraries," "CICNet and Electronic Journals," -
Final Dissdec1-09
UC Berkeley Dissertations, Department of Linguistics Title The Phonology and Morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mc954tq Author McFarland, Teresa Publication Date 2009 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac by Teresa Ann McFarland A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Linguistics in the Graduate Division of the UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Sharon Inkelas (Chair) Professor Andrew Garrett Professor Leanne Hinton Professor Johanna Nichols Fall 2009 The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac © 2009 by Teresa Ann McFarland Abstract The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac by Teresa Ann McFarland Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Sharon Inkelas, Chair This dissertation constitutes a descriptive grammar of the phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac that highlights typologically unusual phenomena of theoretical interest. Filomeno Mata (FM) Totonac is a member of the Totonac-Tepehua family (eastern Mexico), spoken in and around the municipality whose name it borrows in the state of Veracruz. It is a polysynthetic, highly agglutinating, head-marking variety with VSO word order and complex verbal morphology that has not previously been described by linguists. This grammar is based on fieldwork conducted by the author -
Downloaded an Applet That Would Allow the Recordings to Be Collected Remotely
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report Title A Survey of English Vowel Spaces of Asian American Californians Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4w84m8k4 Journal UC Berkeley PhonLab Annual Report, 12(1) ISSN 2768-5047 Author Cheng, Andrew Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.5070/P7121040736 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UC Berkeley Phonetics and Phonology Lab Annual Report (2016) A Survey of English Vowel Spaces of Asian American Californians Andrew Cheng∗ May 2016 Abstract A phonetic study of the vowel spaces of 535 young speakers of Californian English showed that participation in the California Vowel Shift, a sound change unique to the West Coast region of the United States, varied depending on the speaker's self- identified ethnicity. For example, the fronting of the pre-nasal hand vowel varied by ethnicity, with White speakers participating the most and Chinese and South Asian speakers participating less. In another example, Korean and South Asian speakers of Californian English had a more fronted foot vowel than the White speakers. Overall, the study confirms that CVS is present in almost all young speakers of Californian English, although the degree of participation for any individual speaker is variable on account of several interdependent social factors. 1 Introduction This is a study on the English spoken by Americans of Asian descent living in California. Specifically, it will look at differences in vowel qualities between English speakers of various ethnic -
Snippetssnippets
snippetssnippets Issue 37 - December 2019 Special issue in honor of Uli Sauerland Contents 1. Andreea C. Nicolae, Patrick D. Elliott, and Yasutada Sudo Introduction ................................................... ..................1 2. DorothyAhn ASL IX to locus as a modifier ................................................... ..2 3. Artemis Alexiadou Decomposing scalar approximatives in Greek ......................................4 4. Anna Alsop, Lucas Champollion, and Ioana Grosu A problem for Fox’s (2007) account of free choice disjunction ........................7 5. Anton Benz and Nicole Gotzner Quantifier irgendein and local implicature ........................................10 6. Jonathan David Bobaljik and Susi Wurmbrand Fake indexicals, binding, and the PCC ............................................13 7. Brian Buccola and Emmanuel Chemla Alternatives of disjunctions: when a disjunct contains the antecedent of a pronoun ....16 8. LukaCrnicˇ and Brian Buccola Scoping NPIs out of DPs ................................................... .....19 9. Chris Cummins Some contexts requiring precise number meanings .................................22 10. Patrick D. Elliott and Paul Marty Exactly one theory of multiplicity inferences .......................................24 11. Anamaria Fal˘ au¸sand˘ Andreea C. Nicolae Two coordinating particles are better than one: free choice items in Romanian ........27 12. DannyFox Individual concepts and narrow scope illusions ....................................30 13. DannyFox Degree concepts -
Forms and Functions of Negation in Huaraz Quechua (Ancash, Peru): Analyzing the Interplay of Common Knowledge and Sociocultural Settings
Forms and Functions of Negation in Huaraz Quechua (Ancash, Peru): Analyzing the Interplay of Common Knowledge and Sociocultural Settings Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie am Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Cristina Villari aus Verona (Italien) Berlin 2017 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Dürr 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Ingrid Kummels Tag der Disputation: 18.07.2017 To Ani and Leonel III Acknowledgements I wish to thank my teachers, colleagues and friends who have provided guidance, comments and encouragement through this process. I gratefully acknowledge the support received for this project from the Stiftung Lateinamerikanische Literatur. Many thanks go to my first supervisor Prof. Michael Dürr for his constructive comments and suggestions at every stage of this work. Many of his questions led to findings presented here. I am indebted to him for his precious counsel and detailed review of my drafts. Many thanks also go to my second supervisor Prof. Ingrid Kummels. She introduced me to the world of cultural anthropology during the doctoral colloquium at the Latin American Institute at the Free University of Berlin. The feedback she and my colleagues provided was instrumental in composing the sociolinguistic part of this work. I owe enormous gratitude to Leonel Menacho López and Anita Julca de Menacho. In fact, this project would not have been possible without their invaluable advice. During these years of research they have been more than consultants; Quechua teachers, comrades, guides and friends. With Leonel I have discussed most of the examples presented in this dissertation. It is only thanks to his contributions that I was able to explain nuances of meanings and the cultural background of the different expressions presented. -
Language Variation and Ethnicity in a Multicultural East London Secondary School
Language Variation and Ethnicity in a Multicultural East London Secondary School Shivonne Marie Gates Queen Mary, University of London April 2019 Abstract Multicultural London English (MLE) has been described as a new multiethnolect borne out of indirect language contact among ethnically-diverse adolescent friendship groups (Cheshire et al. 2011). Evidence of ethnic stratification was also found: for example, “non-Anglo” boys were more likely to use innovative MLE diphthong variants than other (male and female) participants. However, the data analysed by Cheshire and colleagues has limited ethnographic information and as such the role that ethnicity plays in language change and variation in London remains unclear. This is not dissimilar to other work on multiethnolects, which presents an orientation to a multiethnic identity as more salient than different ethnic identities (e.g. Freywald et al. 2011). This thesis therefore examines language variation in a different MLE-speaking adolescent community to shed light on the dynamics of ethnicity in a multicultural context. Data were gathered through a 12-month ethnography of a Year Ten (14-15 years old) cohort at Riverton, a multi-ethnic secondary school in Newham, East London, and include field notes and interviews with 27 students (19 girls, 8 boys). A full multivariate analysis of the face and price vowels alongside a quantitative description of individual linguistic repertoires sheds light on MLE’s status as the new London vernacular. Building on the findings of Cheshire et al. (2011), the present study suggests that language variation by ethnicity can have social meaning in multi-ethnic communities. There are apparent ethnolinguistic repertoires: ethnic minority boys use more advanced vowel realisations alongside high rates of DH-stopping, and the more innovative was/were levelling system. -
Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion. -
Native American Languages, Indigenous Languages of the Native Peoples of North, Middle, and South America
Native American Languages, indigenous languages of the native peoples of North, Middle, and South America. The precise number of languages originally spoken cannot be known, since many disappeared before they were documented. In North America, around 300 distinct, mutually unintelligible languages were spoken when Europeans arrived. Of those, 187 survive today, but few will continue far into the 21st century, since children are no longer learning the vast majority of these. In Middle America (Mexico and Central America) about 300 languages have been identified, of which about 140 are still spoken. South American languages have been the least studied. Around 1500 languages are known to have been spoken, but only about 350 are still in use. These, too are disappearing rapidly. Classification A major task facing scholars of Native American languages is their classification into language families. (A language family consists of all languages that have evolved from a single ancestral language, as English, German, French, Russian, Greek, Armenian, Hindi, and others have all evolved from Proto-Indo-European.) Because of the vast number of languages spoken in the Americas, and the gaps in our information about many of them, the task of classifying these languages is a challenging one. In 1891, Major John Wesley Powell proposed that the languages of North America constituted 58 independent families, mainly on the basis of superficial vocabulary resemblances. At the same time Daniel Brinton posited 80 families for South America. These two schemes form the basis of subsequent classifications. In 1929 Edward Sapir tentatively proposed grouping these families into superstocks, 6 in North America and 15 in Middle America.