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Final Dissdec1-09 UC Berkeley Dissertations, Department of Linguistics Title The Phonology and Morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mc954tq Author McFarland, Teresa Publication Date 2009 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac by Teresa Ann McFarland A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Linguistics in the Graduate Division of the UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Sharon Inkelas (Chair) Professor Andrew Garrett Professor Leanne Hinton Professor Johanna Nichols Fall 2009 The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac © 2009 by Teresa Ann McFarland Abstract The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac by Teresa Ann McFarland Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Professor Sharon Inkelas, Chair This dissertation constitutes a descriptive grammar of the phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac that highlights typologically unusual phenomena of theoretical interest. Filomeno Mata (FM) Totonac is a member of the Totonac-Tepehua family (eastern Mexico), spoken in and around the municipality whose name it borrows in the state of Veracruz. It is a polysynthetic, highly agglutinating, head-marking variety with VSO word order and complex verbal morphology that has not previously been described by linguists. This grammar is based on fieldwork conducted by the author between 2003 and 2009. Some of the grammatical phenomena described herein which may be of interest to theoreticians and typologists include: • Glottalization or aspiration and vowel devoicing to mark prosodic boundaries • Postlexical nasal epenthesis at word-word and clitic-stem boundaries between a vowel and a stop or affricate • Stress shift as a marker of interrogative utterances, which may occur on the verb or other sentencial elements • A large set of ideophones marked by reduplication and sound symbolism in the categories of sound and manner of motion adverbials, colors, odors/flavors, and descriptive adjectives • Complex inflectional combinatorics that feature long distance blocking, compositionality of certain person agreement markers, and glottalization and suppletion to mark second person subjects • Typologically unusual free variation in the ordering of verbal morphemes in a middle zone of affixes on either side of the root, without scopal or semantic significance; mostly involving derivational affixes, but also including one inflectional prefix ! "! • A gradient rather than categorical distinction between clitics and affixes, with the four relevant tests often giving conflicting results • An unusually large number of object-related deverbal nominalization constructions, including agentive, locative, instrumental, purpose, and result nominalizations, as well as an unusual deverbal ‘ought to’ construction. ! #! Table of Contents Acknowledgments......................................................................................................x List of Maps and Tables ............................................................................................xi Abbreviations ............................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................1 1.2 Totonac-Tepehua family .....................................................................................1 1.3 Sociolinguistic sketch .........................................................................................2 1.4 FM Totonac morphosyntactic sketch ..................................................................3 1.5 Topics of theoretical and typological interest .....................................................4 1.5.1 Glottalization/laryngealization ...................................................................5 1.5.2 Nasal epenthesis .........................................................................................5 1.5.3 Sound symbolism and ideophones .............................................................5 1.5.4 Inflectional combinatorics .........................................................................5 1.5.5 Variable affix order ....................................................................................6 1.5.6 Clitics vs. affixes ........................................................................................6 1.6 Archiving of materials ........................................................................................6 1.7 Structure of dissertation ......................................................................................6 Chapter 2 The phonology of Filomeno Mata Totonac ........................................7 2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................7 2.1.1 Notation conventions .................................................................................7 2.1.2 Word definition ..........................................................................................7 2.2 Phoneme Inventory .............................................................................................7 2.2.1 Distinctive features ....................................................................................8 2.2.2 Typological comparison .............................................................................9 2.2.3 Final consonants, glottal features, and devoiced vowels ...........................10 2.3 Consonant phonemes and allophones .................................................................11 2.3.1 Stops ...........................................................................................................11 2.3.1.1 /p/ ......................................................................................................11 2.3.1.2 /t/ ......................................................................................................11 2.3.1.3 /k/ ......................................................................................................12 2.3.1.4 /q/ ......................................................................................................12 2.3.1.5 /!/ ......................................................................................................13 2.3.2 Affricates ....................................................................................................14 2.3.2.1 /ts/ ......................................................................................................14 2.3.2.2 /c/" ......................................................................................................14 2.3.2.3 /tl/ ......................................................................................................15 2.3.3 Fricatives ....................................................................................................15 2.3.3.1 /s/ ......................................................................................................15 2.3.3.2 /s"/ ......................................................................................................16 ! $! 2.3.3.3 /#/ ......................................................................................................16 2.3.3.4 /x/ ......................................................................................................17 2.3.4 Nasals .........................................................................................................17 2.3.4.1 /m/ .....................................................................................................17 2.3.4.2 /n/ ......................................................................................................18 2.3.5 Approximants .............................................................................................18 2.3.5.1 /l/ ......................................................................................................18 2.3.5.2 /w/ .....................................................................................................19 2.3.5.3 /y/ ......................................................................................................19 2.3.6 Tap /$/ ......................................................................................................20 2.4 Vowel phonemes and allophones ........................................................................20 2.4.1 /a/, /aa/ ........................................................................................................21 2.4.2 /i/, /ii/ ..........................................................................................................22 2.4.3 /u/, /uu/ .......................................................................................................22 2.4.4 /e/ ................................................................................................................22 2.4.5 /o/ ...............................................................................................................23 2.4.6 Vowel variation ..........................................................................................23 2.5 Phonotactics and syllable structure .....................................................................23
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