Language, Part IV B(I)(A)-C-Series, Series-16, Meghalaya
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CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 SERIES 16-MEGBALAYA PART IV B(i)(a) - C-Series LANGUAGE Table C-7 State, Districts, Development Blocks and Towns DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, MEGHALAYA Reglstrar General of India (In- charge of the C_s 011nd1a and vital statistics) Office Address: 2-A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi 110011, India Telephone: (91-11) 338 3761 Fax: (91-11) 338 3145/ Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.cen,susindia.$let Registrar General Of India's publicatiOns can be purchased from the following: • The'Sales Depot (Phone: 338 6583) Office of the Registrar General of fn(.lia 2-A MansinghlRoad '. New Delhi 11 Q011, India • Directorates of Census Operations in the capitals of all states and union territories in India • The Controller of Publication Old Secretariat Civil Lines Delhi 110 054 • Kitab Mahal :' State Emporium Complex, Unit No.2t Baba Kharak'Singh M,rg .. New Delhi 110 001 • Sales outlets of the Controller of Publication all over India Census data available on the floppy disks can be purchased from the following: • Office of the Registrar General, India Data Processing Division 2nd Floor, 'E'Wng , Pushpa Bhawan Madangir Road New Delhi 110 062, India Telephone: (91-11) 608 1558 Fax: (91-11) 608 0295 • Email: [email protected] Registrar General of India The contents of this publication may .be quoted citing the source clearly I-B-151/RGI/ND/02 PREFACE This volume contains the data on languag~' collected through the Individual Slip canvassed in the 1991 Census. Th. mother tongue figures were compiled and grouped under the relevant language for presentatiot\ of the Table C·7 - Language and is presented in this volume under Part-IV B (i) Social and Cultural Tabies and lives ~e data down to C.D. Block/town level for Meghalaya State. The presentation of the 1991 language data is based on the same principles as were adopted in the 1971, 1981 data. Besides, the figures in respect of individual mother tongues have also been presented now. In this volume Table C;. 7 - Language which gives the dis~ribution of population by sex and by rural and urban residence were initially compiled at the Regional Tabulation Offices established to undertake the manual processing of the Census Schedules and for attending to few basic compilations on full count basis and further processing of the returns and preparation of the table were undertaken in this Directorate under the able guidance of the Registrar General, India. The Director of Census Operations Shri T. Senapati, lAS under whose guidance the 1991 Census was carried out deserves aU credit for the success of Census Operations in Meghalaya State. We must record deepest sense of gratitude to Shri. A.R. Nanda, lAS., Dr. M. Vijayanunni, lAS., former Registrar General, India and Shri J.K. Banthia, the present Registrar General, India, Sri S.P. Sharma, Consultant for their valuable guidance in preparing this publication. Dr. B.P. Mahapatra, Deputy Registrar General (Language), Shri A.K. Dutta, Joint Director, West Bengal Directorate of Census Operations who took over the additional charge of the Office of the Deputy Registrar General (Language) thereafter and his colleagues deserves our thanks for patiently scrutinising the voluminous language data. I am grateful to Shri A. Pyrtuh, Ex-Deputy Director of Census Operations, Meghalaya under whose tenure and able direction the data contained in this volume were finalised. I am also thankful to Shri B.L. Sarmah, Dy. Director and Shri A. Roy Choudhury, Asstt. Director, for their guidance in preparation the general note and acknowledgement. My special thanks also goes to Shri L.R. Lyngdoh, Investigator and his loyal and hardworking team in the Social Studies section for their deep involvement in preparing this volume. The names of the officers and staff in the Directorate who processed language data and have rendered valuable assistance in bringing out this publication are given separately. It is hoped that this pUblication will meet the requirements of linguistic scholars and researchers and will be of great use to many data users including State Governments and Local Bodies. SHILLONG: DATE: 20 APRIL 2001. N.K.LASKAR DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, MEGHALAYA. 111 CONTENTS Page Preface iii General Note 1-3 Statement 1: Abstract of languages and Mother tongues and their strengths .. 1991 4-8 Statement 2: Distribution of Languages (Inclusive of Mother tongues grouped under ft!:lCh) specified in Schedule VIII to the Constitution of India - 1991. 9 ;'. '.' Statement 3: I)jstrtbutlon of Population by Scheduled and Non-Scheduled Languages - State and Districts - 1991 10 Statement 4: Distribution of 10,000 persons by Language - State and Districts - 1991 11-12 C-7 PART A(i): Distribution of the 18 Scheduled Languages - Statel District! Development Block! Town - 1991 13-25 C-7 PART A(ji): Distribution of the Mother tongues (Having a minimum of 10,000 speakers in India) included under the 18 Scheduled Languages - Statel District! Deve~ent Block! Town - 1991 26-50 . C-7 PART B(i): Distribution of the 69 Non-Scheduled languages - Statel District! Development Block! Town - 1991 51-72 C-7 PART B(ii): Distribution of the Mother tongues (Having a minimum of 10,000 speakers in India) included under the 69 Non-Scheduled Languages - Statel District! Development Block! Town -1991 73-101 Acknowledgement 103-104 v GENERAL NOTE Language is one of the important cultural characteristics of the pupulation. The language census literature has a more than 100 years long history in the Indian Census and has thrown light on ethnic and linguistic composition of the country. In order to meet the growing demand of the data users requirements, efforts have been made in this volume to present the language data in a more comprehensible and comprehensive manner as well as user.friendly. In the 1991 Census, as in the previous censuses, the mother tongue as retUrfled by each individual was collected through the question number 6 in the individual slip which was canvassed universally ex2ept Jammu and Kashmir where the 1991 census could not be held due to disturbed conditions then prevailing there. The language of the person enumerated was recorded as returned by the respondent. The instruction to the enumerators for filJing up question 6 on language are given below: "MOTHER TONGUE is.e language spoken in the childhood by the person's mother to the person". If the mother died in infancy, ,the language mainly spoken in the person's home in childhood will be the mother tongue.In case of infants and deaf mutes, the language usually spoken by the mother should be recorded. In case of doubt, the language mainly spoken in the household may be recorded. " Record mother tongue in full, whatever be the name of the language returned by the respondent and do not use abbrieviations. Please not the following : (a) You are not expected to determined if the language returned by a person is a dialect of another language. (b) You should not try to establish any relationship between religion and mother tongue. (c) You are bound to record the language as returned by a person as hislher mother tongue and you should not enter into any argument with himlher and try to record any language other than" what is returned, and (d) If you have any reason to suspect that in any area due to any organised movement, the mother tongue is not being truthfully returned, you should record the mother tongue as ac~ returned by th7 'respondent and make a report to your supervisory officers for verification. You are not authorised to make any corrections on your o~. Since a household may consist of persons related by blood or of unrelated persons or- a mix of both, it is absolutely necessary to ask of every person about hislher mother tongue be~se the mother tongue of each I member of a household need not necessarily be the same - the~ may be different for different persons in the household. Owing to this a large~_oflanguages!mother tongues names from all over the state was recorded faithfully by the- enumerator. These were thoroughly scrutinised following the usual 'lmauistic methods for rational grouping based on available linguistic information . .'Thei.age tables presented in this volume comes under the series of Social & Cultural Tables'of 1991 Census Tabulation plan bears the Table number C-7 which is further divided into Part - A and Part - B. Each part is further divided into two parts as indicated below :- Table C-7 Part A (i): Distribution of the 18 Scheduled Languages - State! Districts !Development Blocks! Towns - 1991. Table C-7 Part A {ii): Distribution Of Mother tongues (having a minimum of 10,000 speakers in India) included under the 18 Scheduled Languages - State! Districts! Development Blocks! Towns - 1991. Table C-7 Part B(i) : Distribution of the 69 Non Scheduled Languages - State/ Districts! Development Blocks! Towns - 1991. Table C-7 Part B(ii): Distribution of the Mother tongues (having a minimum of 10,000 speakers in India) included under the 69 Non Scheduled Languages - State! Districts! Development Blocks! Towns - 1991. In both Part A & Part B, Mother tongues have been grouped in some cases under relevant languages which are based on the linguistic information readily available or in light of studies already made and those identifiable variants which returned 10,000 or more speakers each at all India level have been presented under Part A & Part B languages. All other returns falling under Part B and which returned less than 10,000 speakers each. at the All1ndia level or were not linguistically identifiable are included in the category "Others" occuring as the last entry in Part B.