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Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Kewrat Community of Morang District, Eastern Nepal Bishnu Dev Das, Niroj Paudel, Megharaj Paudel, Madan

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Ethnobotanical Knowledge of Kewrat Community of Morang District, Eastern Nepal Bishnu Dev Das, Niroj Paudel, Megharaj Paudel, Madan Ethnobotanical knowledge of Kewrat community of Morang district, eastern Nepal Bishnu Dev Das, Niroj Paudel, Megharaj Paudel, Madan Kumar Khadka, Sajita Dhakal and Amrit KC Research baseline data for further studies in the field of ethnobotany, medicinal plants and diversity. The ethnobotanical knowledge of Kewrat people is based Abstract on strong belief system and custom. They depend Background: Nepal is very rich in castes, ethnic mostly on plant resources for curing ailments. This groups and languages that have their own traditional study suggests that the indigenous community of and ritual practices on health care system. Among Kewrat has an in-depth knowledge of use of local them, Kewrat is a multilingual group of people living plant resources. in eastern Terai region of Nepal and its adjoining part of Bihar and West Bengal of India. Their mother Keywords: Ailments, Indigenous knowledge, Kewrat tongues are either Surjapuri, Angika or Bengali. community, Medicinal plant, Plant diversity, Surjapuri Different studies on ethnobotany have been language, Traditional use. conducted in Nepal but the study on Kewrat community has not been conducted till the date and Correspondence this study was conducted among the Surjapuri speaker of Kewrat community. 1* 2 Bishnu Dev Das , Niroj Paudel , Megharaj 3 4 5 Methods: Ethnobotanical study using Ethnobotanical Paudel , Madan Kumar Khadka , Sajita Dhakal 6 Participatory Appraisal (EPA) method was and Amrit KC conducted at Sanbarish (Sunbarshi) municipalit of 1 Morang district of Nepal. Interviews and group Department of Botany, Mahendra Morang Aadarsh discussions were employed among Surjapuri Multiple Campus Biratnagar (Tribhuvan University), speaking Kewrat people in Sunbarshi municipality Nepal. 2 ward number 4 (Kashijan), 5 (Ramanpur), 6 Department of Applied Plant Science, Kangwon (Saranpur) and 7 (Bardanga) among 65 individuals National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of including elderly people and traditional healers Korea. 3 following the transect walk survey. Division Forest Office, Parbat, Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forest and Environment, Gandaki Results: A total of 60 medicinal plant species Province, Pokhara, Nepal. 4 belonging to 37 families were reported based on their Plant Research Centre, Ilam, Department of Plant religious practices and believes from study area. Resources, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Among them, 29 herbs (48%), 12 shrubs (20 %), 15 Province One, Nepal. 5,6 tree (25%) and 4 climbers (7 %) were recorded. National Herbarium and Plant Kewrat people are found to be very rich in Laboratories,Department of Plant Resources (DPR), ethnobotanical knowledge. The plants resources Ministry of Forests and Environment.Godawari, have been used by Kewrat people in treating 35 Lalitpur, Nepal. different types of ailments along with traditional uses * in different ritual and religious occasions. Corresponding Author: [email protected] Conclusions: The people of Surjapuri speaker of Ethnobotany Research & Applications Kewrat community have a very crucial knowledge of 21:01 (2021) medicinal plants. The study has documented the Manuscript received: 15/10/2020 - Revised manuscript received: 13/01/2021 - Published: 16/01/2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/era.21.01.1-11 2 Background of eastern Nepal, Paudel et al. (2018a) reported 12 Globally, different ethnic groups have been medicinal plants from Kathmandu valley of central practicing traditional means of health care by using Nepal, and also Paudel et al. (2018b) explored 32 medicinal plants (Sheng-Ji 2001). It was also medicinal plants from Biratnagar of eastern Nepal. estimated that about 80% of Asian and African populations use traditional medicine for their Nepal is rich in both socio-cultural and biological healthcare needs (WHO 2008). Mostly the diversity due to having its unique geography and indigenous people who live in rural areas, the people climatic variations. There are 125 caste/ethnic depend on traditional practices of health care system groups, 123 languages and 10 religious groups in using medicinal plants since long time ago Nepal (CBS 2011).In recent years, there are many (Manandhar 1993, Thorsen & Pouliot 2015). studies related to medicinal plants and associated indigenous knowledge in Nepal have been carried The term ethnobotany was probably first coined as a out (Rai 2004, Luitel et al. 2014, Malla et al. 2015, term in 1895 by one of the Florida's early botanists, Paudel et al. 2017,Bhattarai 2018, Paudel et al. John W. Harshberger. He described ethnobotany as 2018a, 2018b) but there is no any ethnobotanical the study of the interaction between people, plants, documentation has occurred in Kewrat group till the and culture (Harshberger 1896). It refers to studies date. Therefore, this study has been designed to that explore the reciprocal relationship among plants, document the ethnobotanical knowledge of Kewrat people and traditions (Cotton 1996).The study of community of Surjapuri language speaker and also ethnobotany, thus, may go far in explaining and to explore the plant diversity of the study area. predicting patterns and processes of the plant people relationship through the use of ecological theories, Materials and Methods methods and analyses applied to questions within Study area ethnoecology and ethnobotany (Albuquerque & There are varieties of plant species and different part Lucena 2005).Thus ethnobotany is an used by Kewrat community in healing the different interdisciplinary science, involving knowledge and ailments. The traditional healers believed that use of plants and their ecology in the context of their medicinal plants should be collected only during cultural, social and economic significance. It is the specific day and time silently during the collection. study of interactions between people and plants at During the collection, we should pray for the specific spatial, temporal, historical and cross-cultural scales, goddess with Mantra to activate the plant for particularly the role of plants in human culture, how particular function, otherwise the plant won’t work as humans have used and modified plants, and how medicine. It is believed and found in practice that they represent them in their systems of knowledge after recovery, patient should sacrifice goat, duck or (Austin 2004). pigeon or offer banana and milk according to the requirements of specific goddess. Thus, it can be There are 125 caste/ethnic groups, 123 languages concluded that the ethnobotanical knowledge of and 10 religious groups in Nepal (CBS 2011).There Kewrat people is based on strong belief system and are many studies related to medicinal plants and custom. associated indigenous knowledge in Nepal have been Nepal carried out (Rai 2004, Luitel et al. 2014, Morang district is situated in the south-east part of Mallaet al. 2015, Paudel et al. 2017,Bhattarai 2018, the Koshi zone and is geographically located Paude let al. 2018a, 2018b). between the latitudes 26020’N to 26053’N and Various studies have been conducted in the field of longitudes 87016’E to 87041’E.It has a total area of applications of plant resources such as Rai (2004) 1,855 km2 which is 1.26% of the total land area of reported 64 plant species used by Meche people Nepal. The lowest elevation point of the district is 60 from Jhapa district, Luitel et al. (2014) reported a meters and the highest is 2410 meters above sea total of 161 plant species belonging to 86 families level. The maximum temperature of the district is and 144 genera to cure 89 human ailments used by 420c and the minimum temperature is 30c and the Tamang community in the Makawanpur district of receives 1,812.8 mm rainfall annually. Morang has central Nepal. Malla et al.(2015) documented a total one metropolitan city (Biratnagar), eight of 132 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 99 municipalities and eight rural municipalities. The total genera and 67 families used by ethnic people in area of Morang is 1,855 km2. Parbat district of western Nepal, Paudel et al. (2017) reported more than 25 species of medicinal plants The study was conducted in Sanbarish (Sunbarshi) out of 95 documented plant species from municipality ward no 4 (Kashijan) and 5 (Ramanpur), Arghakhnachi district of western Nepal, Bhattarai 6 (Saranpur) and 7 (Bardanga) of Morang district (2018) explored 30 plants from 24 families and 29 were selected due to the presence of high Kewrat genera used by Thami community from Ilam district populated area (Fig. 1).The municipality is divided 3 into 9 wards and total area is 106.4 km2 and the is located between 26.450 N to 87.540 E. Climatically population of the municipality is 50758, according to the study area is tropical and a part of Terai region. the census of Nepal in 2011. The Sunabarshi The total number of Kewrat population is about Municipality name was given from oldest Sunabarshi 15,000 in study area. Maharajthan (divine king of the area). The study area Figure1. Map of study area applied to get information from the local people about Field Methods and data collection the knowledge of different uses of plant species, During the period of January 2019 to March 2020, location, and place of availability and category of field work investigation was carried out to formulate uses. The Interviews were taken with 40 men and 25 the ethnobotanical information and their medicinal women from different villages that have a strong verification in the study area. Participatory Rural linkage and experience with folk medicine practices. Appraisal
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