2001 Presented Below Is an Alphabetical Abstract of Languages A
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Chapter 2 Language Use in Nepal
CHAPTER 2 LANGUAGE USE IN NEPAL Yogendra P. Yadava* Abstract This chapter aims to analyse the use of languages as mother tongues and second lan- guages in Nepal on the basis of data from the 2011 census, using tables, maps, and figures and providing explanations for certain facts following sociolinguistic insights. The findings of this chapter are presented in five sections. Section 1 shows the impor- tance of language enumeration in censuses and also Nepal’s linguistic diversity due to historical and typological reasons. Section 2 shows that the number of mother tongues have increased considerably from 92 (Census 2001) to 123 in the census of 2011 due to democratic movements and ensuing linguistic awareness among Nepalese people since 1990. These mother tongues (except Kusunda) belong to four language families: Indo- European, Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian, while Kusunda is a language isolate. They have been categorised into two main groups: major and minor. The major group consists of 19 mother tongues spoken by almost 96 % of the total population, while the minor group is made up of the remaining 104 plus languages spoken by about 4% of Nepal’s total population. Nepali, highly concentrated in the Hills, but unevenly distributed in other parts of the country, accounts for the largest number of speakers (44.64%). Several cross-border, foreign and recently migrated languages have also been reported in Nepal. Section 3 briefly deals with the factors (such as sex, rural/ urban areas, ethnicity, age, literacy etc.) that interact with language. Section 4 shows that according to the census of 2011, the majority of Nepal’s population (59%) speak only one language while the remaining 41% speak at least a second language. -
Linguistic Survey of India Bihar
LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF INDIA BIHAR 2020 LANGUAGE DIVISION OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA i CONTENTS Pages Foreword iii-iv Preface v-vii Acknowledgements viii List of Abbreviations ix-xi List of Phonetic Symbols xii-xiii List of Maps xiv Introduction R. Nakkeerar 1-61 Languages Hindi S.P. Ahirwal 62-143 Maithili S. Boopathy & 144-222 Sibasis Mukherjee Urdu S.S. Bhattacharya 223-292 Mother Tongues Bhojpuri J. Rajathi & 293-407 P. Perumalsamy Kurmali Thar Tapati Ghosh 408-476 Magadhi/ Magahi Balaram Prasad & 477-575 Sibasis Mukherjee Surjapuri S.P. Srivastava & 576-649 P. Perumalsamy Comparative Lexicon of 3 Languages & 650-674 4 Mother Tongues ii FOREWORD Since Linguistic Survey of India was published in 1930, a lot of changes have taken place with respect to the language situation in India. Though individual language wise surveys have been done in large number, however state wise survey of languages of India has not taken place. The main reason is that such a survey project requires large manpower and financial support. Linguistic Survey of India opens up new avenues for language studies and adds successfully to the linguistic profile of the state. In view of its relevance in academic life, the Office of the Registrar General, India, Language Division, has taken up the Linguistic Survey of India as an ongoing project of Government of India. It gives me immense pleasure in presenting LSI- Bihar volume. The present volume devoted to the state of Bihar has the description of three languages namely Hindi, Maithili, Urdu along with four Mother Tongues namely Bhojpuri, Kurmali Thar, Magadhi/ Magahi, Surjapuri. -
Language, Part IV B(I)(A)-C-Series , Series-9
CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 SERIES 09 - HIMACHAL PRADESH PART IV B(i)(a) - C-Series LANGUAGE Table C-7 State, Districts, Tahsils and Towns . DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS, HIMACHAL PRADESH Registrar General of India (In charge of the Census of India and vital statistics) Office Address 2-A, Mansmgh Road, New Deihl 110011, India Telephone (91-11) 338 3761 Fax (91-11) 338 3145 Email rgmdla@hub mc In Internet http f/WWW censuslndla net Registrar General of India's publications can be purchased from the followmg • The Sales Depot (Phone 338 6583) Office of the Registrar General of India 2-A Manslngh Road New Deihl 110 011, India • Directorates of Census Operations In the capitals of all states and union territories In India • The Controller of PublicatIon Old Secretariat CIvil Lines Deihl 110 054 • Kltab Mahal State Emporium Complex, Unit No 21 Saba Kharak Singh Marg New Deihl 110 001 • Sales outlets of the Controller of Publication all over India Census data available on the floppy disks can be purchased from the follOWing • Office of the Registrar General,)ndla Data Processing DIVISIon 2nd Floor, 'E' Wing Pushpa Shawan Madanglr Road New Deihl 110 062, India Telephone (91-11) 6081558 Fax (91-11) 608 0295 Email rgdpd@rgl satyam net In o Registrar General of India The contents of th,s publication may be quoted citing the source clearly PREFACE The Census of Indta IS the only comprehensIve data source on language in IndIa and has been the pioneer m this field The Census of India Report of 1921 notes "As wIth the ethnography so also In the case of the language ofIndia, much of the pioneer work has been done In connection wIth the decenl1lal Census, and the Il1terest in the subject, which eventually leads to Its complete and systematic treatment under expert dIrectIOn is largely due to the contrIbution made by Census Officers m theIr reports" Each Census has added to the rich data base on the subject and provided the basis for WIde ranging study and research. -
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To Download JPSC Syllabus
Youth Power IAS Academy The JPSC Exam Pattern for the Combined Civil Service Exam comprises 3 stages: 1. Prelims – 2 Objective type papers for 200 Marks each. 2. Mains – 6 Descriptive type Papers, all the papers are compulsory 3. Personality Test – 100 Marks JPSC Syllabus for Prelims ● History of India ● Geography of India ● Indian Polity and Governance ● Economic and Sustainable development ● Science and Technology ● Jharkhand specific questions (General Awareness of its history, society, culture, and heritage) ● National and international current events. ● General questions of miscellaneous nature Compiled by Rishi Poddar JPSC Syllabus for Prelims- General Studies – Paper 1 Compiled by Rishi Poddar Compiled by Rishi Poddar General Studies – Paper 2 Compiled by Rishi Poddar Compiled by Rishi Poddar Important suggestions regarding JPSC Syllabus for prelims: 1. Under history, candidates need to focus on economic, social and political aspects of Jharkhand 2. Under Geography, candidates have to focus on Geography of Jharkhand 3. To handle questions on Science and Technology, candidates need not require any specialisation. JPSC Exam Pattern for Mains Candidates who have successfully cleared Prelims stage will be eligible for JPSC Mains. Under OFFICIAL NOTIFICATIONS the number of candidates selected for Mains will be equal to 15 times the total number of vacancies. JPSC Syllabus for Mains There are no optional papers in the JPSC Mains Syllabus. The details of JPSC Syllabus for Mains is given below: ● Paper I: General Hindi and General English (100 Marks) ● Paper-II: Language and Literature (150 Marks) ● Paper III: Social Sciences, History and Geography (200 Marks) ● Paper IV: Indian Constitution, Polity, Public Administration and Good governance (200 Marks) ● Paper V: Indian Economy, Globalization, and Sustainable development (200 Marks) ● Paper VI: General Sciences, Environment & Technology Development (200 Marks) Compiled by Rishi Poddar Paper 1 (General Hindi and General English) Out of 100 marks, every candidate will have to secure only 30 marks. -
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Bhatri-Speaking Communities of Central India
DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2017-005 A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Bhatri-speaking Communities of Central India Compiled by Dave Beine A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Bhatri-speaking Communities of Central India Compiled by Dave Beine Researched by Dave Beine Bruce Cain Kathy Cain Michael Jeyabalan Ashok Sawlikar Satya Soren SIL International® 2017 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2017-005, May 2017 © 2017 SIL International® All rights reserved Abstract This sociolinguistic survey of the Bhatri-speaking communities of Central India was carried out between February and November 1989. The goal of the survey was to assess the need for language development work and vernacular literacy programs among the Bhatri-speaking peoples of Bastar District in Madhya Pradesh and Koraput District in Orissa. Dialect intelligibility tests revealed that the whole Bhatri- speaking area can be considered one language area. Language use and attitudes questionnaires showed that the language is thriving. Bilingualism in the major languages of Hindi, Oriya, and Halbi is inadequate for people to use existing materials. Based on these findings the survey recommends that a language project be undertaken in the Bhatri community. (This survey report written some time ago deserves to be made available even at this late date. Conditions were such that it was not published when originally written. The reader is cautioned that more recent research may be available. Historical data is quite valuable as it provides a basis for a longitudinal analysis and helps -
Kupha, Parmas, Thamoh and Malet , Village Survey Of, Part-VI-No-6, Vol
C ENS US 0 FIN D I A I 96J VOLUME XX-PART VI-NO, HIMACHAL PRADESH AND MALET The Superintendent of Census Operations Himachal Pradesh :rict) Ileld lrrvestlgatlon by Draft by SURENDER MOHAN BHATNAGER SURENDER MOHAN BHATNAGER and TARLOK CHAND SUD £ditor RAM CHANDRA PAL SINGH of the Indian AJmltristrat/ye Sen'jce Superintendent of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh ..... .... •,•• !lilt-•• .... ~r....... ... .....__ ..J .~ o ..,... § z ,nut- <iJD1I- ,11111111- "unll- 1D1lt- "..I/Id)- If!llI1iJ- "ilt- ,_ 'tRlIll- a. 'IIHi- 01( "'II. ~nllf- 411k1- ::i .". ,,)Iltll- '111111- 'NlnU1- .,,",w- ..J ./IIIrt- 01( ." "41f1J1r- Z •,I!il1!- . 0 i= 0 z «cJ) a:~ 4li~ ..... ~ = 'CIf~ '1IIf- ._ -- .... .~ .. ". ....... oOVf~ II.... ... •• "I!/IJ- ........ ... -- ~ ~ .... -- .... l'V 41. lfJ ~ ~.".' ,__ "- .__ .'q.,.. ~ ... -- 4- ~". rfJ ... .... ~ ~ .... ~ __ . ... ... '. ~ .. '''''1- Q, -< :l _J -< z .qUI- 0_. ffi ... .~ ..... -- 5 ... J: z •• 111/111- ,"_ 0 ....... i;: .~ .__ ~ o. e- :t < .' - ''111- !t~ ~ J: ."" ~"'C ....... .. ::::~O 1-/4- -jJl.-"';-. - ..... ~~~~ '11'" -- , 4, t .'_ f ! I f f I " / f t ( t , ~ I if! f .( , ; f t ' i f I I , D Contents Page Foreword IX Preface XII Acknowledgements XIV 1 The V il/age 1 Journey to Kilar-Origin of the inhabitants-Legend about the villages-Physical aspects-Geology, rock and soil-Climate Water sources-Flora and fauna-Cremation ground-Public places-Welfare Institutions-Important villages and places of interest. 2 The People 10 .. Population-Residential pattern-House-ty pes-House construc tion-Fuel and lighting--Dress-Ornaments-Family. Structure Food and Drinks-Utensils. 3 Birth, Marriage & Death Customs 24 Birth-A case study-Marriage-Death-Statistics relating to birth, marriage and death. -
Multilingual Practices in Kullu (Himachal Pradesh, India)
Multilingual practices in Kullu (Himachal Pradesh, India) Julia V. Mazurova, the Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences Project participants Himachali Pahari Grammar description and lexicon of Kullui Fieldwork research Kullui – an Indo-Aryan language of the Himachali Pahari (also known as Western Pahari) • Expedition 2014 Fund of Fundamental Linguistic Research, project 2014 “Documentation of Kullui (Western Pahari)”, supervisor Julia Mazurova • Expedition 2016 Russian State Fund for Scientific Research № 16-34-01040 «Grammar description and lexicon of Kullui», supervisor Elena Knyazeva Goals of the research Linguistic goals • Documentation of Kullui on the modern linguistic and technical level: dictionary, corpus of morphologically glossed texts with audio and video recordings. • Theoretical research of the Kullui phonology and grammar • Fieldwork research of the Himachali dialectal continuum • Description of the areal and typological features of the Himachali dialectal continuum Goals of the research Socio-linguistic goals • Linguistic situation in the region. Functional domains of the languages • Geographical location of the Kullui language • Differences between Kullui and neighbor dialects • Choosing informants • Evaluating of the language knowledge of the speakers • Language vitality • Variation in Kullui depending on age, gender, social level, education and other factors Linguistic situation in India ➢ Official languages of the Union Government of India – Hindi and English ➢ Scheduled languages (in States of India) -
Genitive Marking of Arguments in Kullui (Indo-Aryan)
Genitive marking of arguments in Kullui (Indo-Aryan) Evgeniya Renkovskaya, Institute of Linguistics (Moscow) Kullui (< Himachali (= West Pahari) < Indo-Aryan About 170 thousand speakers Located in Kullu District in Himachal Pradesh Kullu district 6 tehsils (Manali, Kullu, Sainj, Banjar, Ani, Nirmand) Kullui is spoken in Kullu and Manali tehsils, in the Kullu valley (Beas river valley) • Data: fieldwork in the town of Kullu and in the villages of Naggar, Suma and Bashing (Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, India) in 2014-2017. Both elicited examples and those taken from spontaneous texts. • Site: www.pahari-languages.com • The research is financially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project № 16-34-01040. Standard use of Genitive in the New Indo- Aryan languages (NIA) – Possessive Genitive: genitive postposition / case affix agrees with the Head Noun in gender, number and case (if there are any) like an adjective. For example, in Hindi Genitive is used only as Possessive Genitive: (1) us-ke do bacch-e hain he/she-GEN.PL two child-PL COP.PRS.PL She has two children (lit. there are two children of hers) Non-canonical (for NIA) Himachali uses of Genitive: attested and described for Eastern group of NIA: Bengali, Oriya and Assamese ([Masica 1991, Klaiman 1980, 1981, Onishi 2001, Yamabe 1995 and others]), where genitive affix has only one form and no agreement Eastern Indo-Aryan analyzed for Himachali in [Hendriksen 1986, Zoller 2009] [Hendriksen 1986]: relational case (term for non-canonical Genitive) Himachali languages where the genitive markingThank of arguments you! is attested [Bailey 1920, Hendriksen 1986, Zoller 2007]: Himachali languages Bangani Himachali languages with non-canonical Deogari Genitive Kochi Kotgarhi Bhalesi Baghati Kiunthali Kotguru Outer Siraji Inner Siraji Kullui Types of argumentsThank marked by you! Genitive in Himachali: 1. -
State, Marriage and Household Amongst the Gaddis of North India
GOVERNING MORALS: STATE, MARRIAGE AND HOUSEHOLD AMONGST THE GADDIS OF NORTH INDIA Kriti Kapila London School of Economics and Political Science University of London PhD UMI Number: U615831 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615831 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I H cS £ S h S) IS ioaqsci% Abstract This thesis is an anthropological study of legal governance and its impact on kinship relations amongst a migratory pastoralist community in north India. The research is based on fieldwork and archival sources and is concerned with understanding the contest between ‘customary’ and legal norms in the constitution of public moralities amongst the Gaddis of Himachal Pradesh. The research examines on changing conjugal practices amongst the Gaddis in the context of wider changes in their political economy and in relation to the colonial codification of customary law in colonial Punjab and the Hindu Marriage Succession Acts of 1955-56. The thesis investigates changes in the patterns of inheritance in the context of increased sedentarisation, combined with state legislation and intervention. -
Odisha As a Multicultural State: from Multiculturalism to Politics of Sub-Regionalism
Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences Volume VII, No II. Quarter II 2016 ISSN: 2229 – 5313 ODISHA AS A MULTICULTURAL STATE: FROM MULTICULTURALISM TO POLITICS OF SUB-REGIONALISM Artatrana Gochhayat Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, under West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India ABSTRACT The state of Odisha has been shaped by a unique geography, different cultural patterns from neighboring states, and a predominant Jagannath culture along with a number of castes, tribes, religions, languages and regional disparity which shows the multicultural nature of the state. But the regional disparities in terms of economic and political development pose a grave challenge to the state politics in Odisha. Thus, multiculturalism in Odisha can be defined as the territorial division of the state into different sub-regions and in terms of regionalism and sub- regional identity. The paper attempts to assess Odisha as a multicultural state by highlighting its cultural diversity and tries to establish the idea that multiculturalism is manifested in sub- regionalism. Bringing out the major areas of sub-regional disparity that lead to secessionist movement and the response of state government to it, the paper concludes with some suggestive measures. INTRODUCTION The concept of multiculturalism has attracted immense attention of the academicians as well as researchers in present times for the fact that it not only involves the question of citizenship, justice, recognition, identities and group differentiated rights of cultural disadvantaged minorities, it also offers solutions to the challenges arising from the diverse cultural groups. It endorses the idea of difference and heterogeneity which is manifested in the cultural diversity. -
ISO 639-3 New Code Request
ISO 639-3 Registration Authority Request for New Language Code Element in ISO 639-3 This form is to be used in conjunction with a “Request for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code” form Date: 2020-8-6 Name of Primary Requester: SHAKEEL AHMED SOHIL E-mail address: Shakeelrahi85 at gmail dot com Names, affiliations and email addresses of additional supporters of this request: mohd muzzamil sohil Devi Ahliya University Indore, mmsohill at gmail dot com mohd iqbal naik Jammu and Kashmir Khah Writers Association, mohdiqbalnaik493 at gmail dot com mohd idrees naik jaamia milia islamia new dehli ,mohdidreesnaik6 at gmail dot com mohd rafiq naik, Jammu and Kashmir Khah Writers Association, [email protected] Associated Change request number : 2020-029 (completed by Registration Authority) Tentative assignment of new identifier : hkh (completed by Registration Authority) PLEASE NOTE: This completed form will become part of the public record of this change request and the history of the ISO 639-3 code set. Use Shift-Enter to insert a new line in a form field (where allowed). 1. NAMES and IDENTIFICATION a) Preferred name of language for code element denotation: KHAH LANGUAGE b) Autonym (self-name) for this language: KHAH c) Common alternate names and spellings of language, and any established abbreviations: POGLI,POGALI,KHASHA,KHASHALI,PARISTANI,KHAH,POGULI,PANCHALI d) Reason for preferred name: THE MAIN REASON FOR THE PREFERRED NAME IS THAT IT IS THE LANGUAGE OF KHASHA TRIBE WHO ACCORDING TO RAJTRANGINI GOT SETTLED IN BETWEEN JEHLAM AND CHINAB AND RULED THE REGION THAT IS WHY THIS IS ONE OF THE MAJOR LANGUAGE OF THIS REGION.