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Households and Household Population by Language Mainly Spoken in the Household, Series-1, India

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Households and Household Population by Language Mainly Spoken in the Household, Series-1, India CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 SERIES 1 INDIA PAPER 1 of 1987 HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSEHOLD POPULATION BY LANGUAGE MAINLY SPOKEN IN THE HOUSEHOLD P. PADMANABHA of the Indian Administrative Service Rcgistral' General & Census Commissioner, India CONTENTS Page FOR.EWORD v Note on the Language data 1 Annexure 6 Fly-leaf 9 Table HH-16 Households and Household population by language mainly Part A (i) spoken in the Household (inclusive of variants grouped under each) specified in Schedule VIII to the Constitution of India in each StatefUnion Territory. • •• 14 Table HH·16 Households and Household population by language mainly Part A (ii) spoken in the Household (inclusive of variants grouped under each) specified in Schedule VIII to the Constitution of India in each State/Union Territory/District. 44 Table HH-16 Households and Household population by language mainly Part B (i) spoken in the Household <inclusive of variants where grouped) other than those specified in Schedule VIn to the Constitution of India in each State/Union Territory. 436 Table'HH-16 Households and Household population by language mainly Part B (ii) spoken in the Household (inclusive of variants where grouped) other than those specified in Schedule VIII to the Constitution of India in each State/Union Territory/District 506 (iii) FOREWORD This volume contains the data on language collected through the Household Schedule canvassed in the 1981 Census. The information pertains to language mainly spoken in the household. The presentation is based on the same principles as were adopted in the 1971 Census presentation ofJanguage/mother-tongue data. The table presented which comes in the series of household tables of 19R 1 Census Tabulation Plan bears the number HH-16 (A&B). Table HH-16 Part A relates to languages specified in the Schedule VIII to the Constitution of India. Table HH-16 part B relates to languages- other than those specified in the Schedule VIII to the Constitution of India. Table HH-16 Part A is further sub-divided into two sub-divisions, Part A (i) and Part A (ii), part A (i) relating to state level data and part A (ii) relating to district level data. Similarly, Part-B has also got two sub-divisions, part B (0 and part B (iJ) relating to state and district levels respectively. The note and fly-leaf preceding the tables give the background and explain the features of the tables. The concepts and definitions are also discussed in the fly-leaf which the reader will find useful. The 1981 Census of India was very ably organised and conducted by my predecessor Shri P. Padmanabha.I.A.S. The data presented in this volume were initially processed in the Regional Tabulation Offices established as parts of Censlls Directorates in States/Union Territories. The tables were then scrutinised in the Language and Census Divisions of the Registrar General's Office. I am grateful to my colleagues in the Directorates and in the Registrar General's Office who took part in the huge task of 1981 Census enumeration and processing of data. I wish to acknowledge the help rendered by Shri V.P. Pandey, the former Joint Registrar General, India in bringing out this volume. Shri N. Rama Rao, Assistant Registrar General, (C&T) has given the guidance and coordinated the work relating to tabulation of these data. He was ably assisted by Shri R.P. Tomar, Deputy Director of Census Operations. Shri Mahal Singh, Investigator and his colleagues in the Census Division, whose names are given separately, ably coordinated the in-flow and out-flow of language data among the Census Direc­ torates, Language Divi"ion at Calcutta and Registrar Generals' Office in Delhi. Dr. B.P. Mahapatra, Deputy Registrar General (Language) took immense pains in scrutinising the language data. He has also given a useful note on the Janguage data presented here which is published in this volume. The names of his colleagues who assisted him in this task are given separately. Shri B.P. Jain, Assistant Director (printing) ensured printing of this volume quickly. I thank all these officers. V.S. VERMA NEW DELHI Registrar General, India July 21, 1987 (v) ACKMO\Vt~DOtMENTS Oftice of the Registrar General, India Census Division 1. Shri S.S. Bhardwaj, Statistical Assistant 2. Smt. A. Tangri, Computor 3. Smt. Anila Mehdiratta, Computor 4. Smt. Kanchan Batra, Assistant Compifer 5. Shri Vijay Kumar, Assistant Compiler 6. Kum. Anuradha Datta. Assistant Compiler Language Division 1. Soot. Krishna Choudhuri, Investigator (L) 2. Smt. Tapati Ghosh. Investigator (L) 3. Dr. S.P. Datta, Research Officer (L) 4. Shri S.P. Sriva'ltava, Investigator (L) 5. Dr. M.K. Koul. S.T.A. 6. Shri J.C. Datta, A DCa (T) 7. Smt. Gouri Bose. Statistical Assistant 8. Soot. Mira Bhowmick, Computor 9. Shri Madhu Su<lan Ghosh, VDC 10. Shri K.C. Karmakar. Senior Stenographer 1 1. Smt. Mira Roy, Senior Stenographer i»rinting Division 1. Shri S. L. Chatllrvedi. Printing Inspector (vi) NOTE ON THE LANGUAGE DATA In the 1981 Census a new question on the 'Language mainly spoken in the Household' was asked in t.,Household Schedule along with the. two usual language questions on 'mother tongue' and 'other languages known' in the Individual Slip. This information adds not only a new dimension to the language profile of the country but a useful one, for it provides a dynamic aspect of the language behaviour as against the more or less stable picture thrown up by the mother tongue data. The institutional households which are linguistically heterogenous and may not have a uniform household language are excluded from these data. Out of the total number of households of 1 ]9,772,545 the number of institutional hou.,e­ holds is only 247, 457 with 3,790,700 population i.e. only 0.57 per cent of total population. Question 5 on 'Language mainly spoken in the household' in the Household Schedule was canvassed in all the households other than institutional households throughout the country except In Assam state, where, the census was not taken in 1981 due to disturbed conditions prevailing in that state, then. The raw returns were rather unusually large. All these returns were scrutinized following usual linguistic methods including studying 'language specimens' and undertaking field investigations. A total Jist of 106 languages excluding 'Others' is presented as languages mainly spoken in the house­ hold. Each of these bas more than 10,000 speakers at the all-India level except Anal, Halam, Kacha Naga, Konda, Korwa, Lahnda, Malto, Mikir, Mishmi, Naga, Parji and Tangsa which are included III the table on the basis of their group strength. The distribution of the 1981 household population by languages, grouped intCi> Scheduled languages and languages other than Scheduled are shown below. Distribution of 1981 household population by languages (inclusive of variants grouped under each) TABLE I Speakers of Schedule VIU Speakers of Total household languages and other languages Population (ex­ the percentage and the percen- cluding institu­ to the total tage to total India/State! tional household household popu- household popu· Union Territory populatIOn) lation lation 2 3 4 INDIA 661,497,149 632,290,615 29,206,534 (95.58) (4.42) States Andhra Pradesh 53,175,277 52,754,352 420,925 (99.21) (0.79) Bihar 69,638.725 65,440,524 4,198,201 (93.97) (6.03) Oujarat 33,919,882 33,361,388 558,494 (98.35) (1.65) Haryana 12,873,434 12,861,460 11,974 (99.91 ) (0.09) 2 1 2 3 4 Himachal Pradesh 4,2,)7,575 4,0114,570 173,005 (95.94) (4.06) Jammu & Kashmir 5,947,299 4,325,961 1,621,338 (72.74) (27.26) Karnataka 36,839,222 34,801,429 2,037,793 (94.47) (5.53) Kerala 25,244,369 25,024.913) 219,4.56 \99.13) (0.87) Madhya Pradesh S2,OO(J,069 47,884,931 4,115,138) (92.09) (7.91) MahaIalibtra 62,230,282 59,153,116 3,077,166 (95.06) (4.94) Manipur 1,409,239 32,570 1,376.669 (2.31) (97,69) Meghalaya 1,326,748 181,113 1,145,635 (13.6S) (86.35) Nagaland 747,071 69,720 677,345 (9.33) (90.67) OIissa 26,171,262 23,S)5,237 2,636,025 (89.93) (10.07) Punjab 16,723,153 16,689,494 33,659 (99.80) (0.20) Rajasthan 34,135,701 32,518,743 1,616,958 (95.26) (4.74) Sikkim 308,262 19,570 288,692 (6.35) (93.65) Tamil Nadu 48,089,281 48,041,159 48,\22 (99.90) (0.10) Tripura 2,034,242 1,459,299 S74.943 (71.74) (28.26) Uttar Pradesh 110,549,826 110,506,761 43,065 (99.96) (0.04) West Bengal 54,207,652 51,570,921 2,636,731 (95.14) (4.86, Union Territories Andaman & Nicobar Islands 178,885 143,748 35,131 (80,36) (19.64) Arunachal Pradesh 597,862 103.037 494,825 (17.13) (82.77) Chandigarh 440,837 437,301 3,536 (99.20) (080) 3 1 2 3 4 Dadra &: Nagar Haveh 101,818 31,213 70.605 (30.66) (69.34) DelhI 6,174,632 6,136,683 37,949 (99.39) (0.61) Goa, Da~an &: Diu 1,059,012 446,406 612,606 (42.15) (57.85) 'Laksbadweep 39,709 33,687 6,022 (84.83) (15.17) Mlzoram 476,439 43,523 432,916 (<).14) (90.86) Pondicherry 599,384 597,780 1,604 (99.73) (0.27) Table HH-16 Part-A gives the distribution of the 15 languages specified in Schedule VIII to the Constitution.
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