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Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A

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Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. 2Available at http://wals.info accessed 1 June 2012. 1 Figure 1: Macro-areas induced using the average of centre and coast dis- tances. The Table contains the following information: Language ISO-639-3 code WALS name/code The name/code used in the WALS 2005 edition WALS MA The macro-area of the WALS 2005 edition: Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 307 South America 248 Africa 567 Other 65 Australia-New Guinea 377 SE Asia & Oceania 504 North America 346 mid-coast MA The macro-area assignment computed using the average of centre and coast distances (shown in Figure 1). Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 1579 Africa 2148 Multinesia 1823 North America 651 Australia 324 South America 635 mid MA The macro-area assignment computed using centre distances (shown in Figure 3). 2 Figure 2: Macro-areas induced using centre distances. Figure 3: Macro-areas induced using coast distances. 3 Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 1561 Africa 2148 Multinesia 1844 North America 648 Australia 324 South America 635 coast MA The macro-area assignment computed using coast distances (shown in Figure 2). Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 2122 Africa 2148 Multinesia 1280 North America 651 Australia 324 South America 635 4 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA !O!ung oun - - - Africa Africa Africa !X´o~o nmn !X´o~o xoo Africa Africa Africa Africa 'Are'are alu 'Are'are arx SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia 'Auhelawa kud - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia //Ani hnh //Ani ani Africa Africa Africa Africa //Gana gnk - - - Africa Africa Africa //Xegwi xeg - - - Africa Africa Africa /Gwi gwj - - - Africa Africa Africa /Xam xam /Xam xam Africa Africa Africa Africa =/Hua huc - - - Africa Africa Africa =/Kx'au//'ein aue - - - Africa Africa Africa A'tong aot - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia A-Pucikwar apq A-Pucikwar apk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Great Andamanese gan SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aari aiw Aari aar Africa Africa Africa Africa Aas´ax aas - - - Africa Africa Africa Ab´e aba - - - Africa Africa Africa Abadi kbt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abaga abg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abai Sungai abf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Abanyom abm - - - Africa Africa Africa Abar mij - - - Africa Africa Africa Abau aau Abau aba Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abaza abq Abaza abz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Abenlen Ayta abp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Abidji abi Abidji abd Africa Africa Africa Africa Abinomn bsa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abipon axb Abip´on abi S America S America S America S America Abkhazian abk Abkhaz abk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Abom aob - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abon abo - - - Africa Africa Africa Abron abr - - - Africa Africa Africa Abu ado - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abu' Arapesh - Arapesh (Abu) aab Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abua abn - - - Africa Africa Africa Abun kgr Abun abu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abure abu - - - Africa Africa Africa Abureni mgj - - - Africa Africa Africa Acatepec Me'phaa tpx Tlapanec tlp N America N America N America N America Ach´e guq Ach´e ach S America S America S America S America Achagua aca Achagua acg S America S America S America S America Achang acn Achang acn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ache yif - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Acheron acz - - - Africa Africa Africa Achi acr Ach´ı aci N America N America N America N America 5 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Achinese ace Acehnese ace SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Achterhoeks act - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Achuar-Shiwiar acu Achuar acu S America S America S America S America Achumawi acv Achumawi acm N America N America N America N America Acoli ach Acholi acl Africa Africa Africa Africa Acro´a acs - - - S America S America S America Adabe adb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Adai xad - - - N America N America N America Adamawa Fulfulde fub Fula (Cameroo- fua Africa Africa Africa Africa nian) Fulani (Gombe) fgo Africa Africa Africa Africa Adamorobe Sign ads Adamorobe Sign ada Other Africa Africa Africa Language Language Adangbe adq - - - Africa Africa Africa Adangme ada - - - Africa Africa Africa Adap adp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adasen tiu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Adele ade - - - Africa Africa Africa Adhola adh - - - Africa Africa Africa Adioukrou adj Adioukrou adi Africa Africa Africa Africa Adivasi Oriya ort Oriya (Kotia) oko Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adiwasi Garasia gas - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adnyamathanha adt Adynyamathanha adn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Adonara adr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aduge adu - - - Africa Africa Africa Adyghe ady Adyghe (Abzakh) ady Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adyghe (Shap- ash Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia sugh) Adyghe (Temir- adt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia goy) Adzera adz Adzera adz SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aeka aez - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aekyom awi Awin awi Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aer aeq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Afade aal Kotoko ktk Africa Africa Africa Africa Afar aar Qafar qaf Africa Africa Africa Africa Afitti aft - - - Africa Africa Africa Afrikaans afr Afrikaans afr Eurasia Africa Africa Africa Afro-Seminole Cre- afs - - - N America N America N America ole Agarabi agd Agarabi aga Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Agariya agi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Agatu agc - - - Africa Africa Africa Agavotaguerra avo - - - S America S America S America Aghem agq Aghem agh Africa Africa Africa Africa Aghu Tharnggalu ggr - - - Australia Australia Australia Aghu ahh Aghu ahu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aghul agx Aghul agl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Agi aif - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Agob kit - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia 6 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Agoi ibm - - - Africa Africa Africa Aguacateco agu Aguacatec agu N America N America N America N America Aguano aga - - - S America S America S America Aguaruna agr Aguaruna agr S America S America S America S America Aguna aug - - - Africa Africa Africa Agusan Manobo msm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Agutaynen agn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Agwagwune yay - - - Africa Africa Africa Ahanta aha - - - Africa Africa Africa Aheu thm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ahirani ahr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ahom aho - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ahtena aht Ahtna aht N America N America N America N America Ai-Cham aih - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aighon aix - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aikan~a tba Aikan´a aik S America S America S America S America Aiklep mwg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aimaq aiq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aimele ail - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aimol aim - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ainbai aic - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ainu (China) aib Aynu ayn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ainu (Japan) ain Ainu ain Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aiome aki - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aisi mmq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aiton aio - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aiwa ash - - - S America S America S America Aja (Benin) ajg - - - Africa Africa Africa Aja (Sudan) aja Aja aja Africa Africa Africa Africa Ajawa ajw - - - Africa Africa Africa Aji¨e aji Aji¨e aji SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ajy´ıninka Apuru- cpc - - - S America S America S America cayali Ak akq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aka soh - - - Africa Africa Africa Aka-Bea abj Aka-Biada akb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Bo akm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Cari aci Aka-Cari akc SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Jeru akj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Kede akx Aka-Kede akk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia
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