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Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Dynamics & Change

Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue

The following document lists the of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired – these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained.

1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. 2Available at http://wals.info accessed 1 June 2012.

1 Figure 1: Macro-areas induced using the average of centre and coast dis- tances.

The Table contains the following information:

Language

ISO-639-3 code

WALS name/code The name/code used in the WALS 2005 edition

WALS MA The macro-area of the WALS 2005 edition: Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 307 South America 248 Africa 567 Other 65 -New 377 SE Asia & 504 346 mid-coast MA The macro-area assignment computed using the average of centre and coast distances (shown in Figure 1). Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 1579 Africa 2148 Multinesia 1823 North America 651 Australia 324 South America 635 mid MA The macro-area assignment computed using centre distances (shown in Figure 3).

2 Figure 2: Macro-areas induced using centre distances.

Figure 3: Macro-areas induced using coast distances.

3 Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 1561 Africa 2148 Multinesia 1844 North America 648 Australia 324 South America 635 coast MA The macro-area assignment computed using coast distances (shown in Figure 2). Macro-Area # ISO lgs Macro-Area # ISO lgs Eurasia 2122 Africa 2148 Multinesia 1280 North America 651 Australia 324 South America 635

4 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA !!ung oun - - - Africa Africa Africa !´o˜o nmn !X´o˜o xoo Africa Africa Africa Africa ’Are’are alu ’Are’are arx SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia ’Auhelawa kud - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia //Ani hnh //Ani ani Africa Africa Africa Africa //Gana gnk - - - Africa Africa Africa //Xegwi xeg - - - Africa Africa Africa /Gwi gwj - - - Africa Africa Africa /Xam xam /Xam xam Africa Africa Africa Africa =/Hua huc - - - Africa Africa Africa =/Kx’au//’ein aue - - - Africa Africa Africa A’tong aot - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia A-Pucikwar apq A-Pucikwar apk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Great Andamanese gan SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aari aiw Aari aar Africa Africa Africa Africa Aas´ax aas - - - Africa Africa Africa Ab´ aba - - - Africa Africa Africa Abadi kbt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abaga abg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abai Sungai abf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Abanyom abm - - - Africa Africa Africa Abar mij - - - Africa Africa Africa Abau aau Abau aba Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abaza abq Abaza abz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Abenlen Ayta abp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Abidji abi Abidji abd Africa Africa Africa Africa Abinomn bsa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abipon axb Abip´on abi America S America S America S America Abkhazian abk Abkhaz abk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Abom aob - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abon abo - - - Africa Africa Africa Abron abr - - - Africa Africa Africa Abu ado - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abu’ Arapesh - Arapesh (Abu) aab Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abua abn - - - Africa Africa Africa Abun kgr Abun abu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Abure abu - - - Africa Africa Africa Abureni mgj - - - Africa Africa Africa Acatepec Me’phaa tpx Tlapanec tlp America N America N America N America Ach´e guq Ach´e ach S America S America S America S America Achagua aca Achagua acg S America S America S America S America Achang acn Achang acn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ache yif - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Acheron acz - - - Africa Africa Africa Achi acr Ach´ı aci N America N America N America N America

5 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Achinese ace Acehnese ace SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Achterhoeks act - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Achuar-Shiwiar acu Achuar acu S America S America S America S America Achumawi acv Achumawi acm N America N America N America N America Acoli ach Acholi acl Africa Africa Africa Africa Acro´a acs - - - S America S America S America Adabe adb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Adai xad - - - N America N America N America Adamawa Fulfulde fub Fula (Cameroo- fua Africa Africa Africa Africa nian) Fulani (Gombe) fgo Africa Africa Africa Africa Adamorobe Sign ads Adamorobe Sign ada Other Africa Africa Africa Language Language Adangbe adq - - - Africa Africa Africa Adangme ada - - - Africa Africa Africa Adap adp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adasen tiu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Adele ade - - - Africa Africa Africa Adhola adh - - - Africa Africa Africa Adioukrou adj Adioukrou adi Africa Africa Africa Africa Oriya ort Oriya (Kotia) oko Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adiwasi Garasia gas - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adnyamathanha adt Adynyamathanha adn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Adonara adr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aduge adu - - - Africa Africa Africa Adyghe ady Adyghe (Abzakh) ady Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adyghe (Shap- ash Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia sugh) Adyghe (Temir- adt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia goy) Adzera adz Adzera adz SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aeka aez - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aekyom awi Awin awi Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aer aeq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Afade aal Kotoko ktk Africa Africa Africa Africa Afar aar Qafar qaf Africa Africa Africa Africa Afitti aft - - - Africa Africa Africa afr Afrikaans afr Eurasia Africa Africa Africa Afro-Seminole Cre- afs - - - N America N America N America ole Agarabi agd Agarabi aga Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Agariya agi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Agatu agc - - - Africa Africa Africa Agavotaguerra avo - - - S America S America S America Aghem agq Aghem agh Africa Africa Africa Africa Aghu Tharnggalu ggr - - - Australia Australia Australia Aghu ahh Aghu ahu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aghul agx Aghul agl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Agi aif - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Agob kit - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

6 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Agoi ibm - - - Africa Africa Africa Aguacateco agu Aguacatec agu N America N America N America N America Aguano aga - - - S America S America S America Aguaruna agr Aguaruna agr S America S America S America S America Aguna aug - - - Africa Africa Africa Agusan Manobo msm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Agutaynen agn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Agwagwune yay - - - Africa Africa Africa Ahanta aha - - - Africa Africa Africa Aheu thm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ahirani ahr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ahom aho - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ahtena aht Ahtna aht N America N America N America N America Ai-Cham aih - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aighon aix - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aikan˜a tba Aikan´a aik S America S America S America S America Aiklep mwg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aimaq aiq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aimele ail - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aimol aim - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ainbai aic - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ainu () aib Aynu ayn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ainu (Japan) ain Ainu ain Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aiome aki - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aisi mmq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aiton aio - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aiwa ash - - - S America S America S America Aja () ajg - - - Africa Africa Africa Aja () aja Aja aja Africa Africa Africa Africa Ajawa ajw - - - Africa Africa Africa Aji¨e aji Aji¨e aji SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ajy´ıninka Apuru- cpc - - - S America S America S America cayali Ak akq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aka soh - - - Africa Africa Africa Aka-Bea abj Aka-Biada akb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Bo akm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Cari aci Aka-Cari akc SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Jeru akj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Kede akx Aka-Kede akk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Kol aky - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aka-Kora ack - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Akan aka Akan akn Africa Africa Africa Africa Akar-Bale acl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Akaselem aks - - - Africa Africa Africa Akawaio ake Akawaio akw S America S America S America S America

7 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ake aik - - - Africa Africa Africa Akebu keu - - - Africa Africa Africa Akei tsr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Akha ahk Akha akh SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Akhvakh akv Akhvakh axv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Akkala Sami sia - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aklanon akl Aklanon akl SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Akolet akt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Akoose bss - - - Africa Africa Africa Akoye miw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Akpa akf - - - Africa Africa Africa Akpes ibe - - - Africa Africa Africa Akrukay afi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Akuku ayk - - - Africa Africa Africa Akum aku - - - Africa Africa Africa - - - - S America S America S America Akurio ako - - - S America S America S America Akwa akw - - - Africa Africa Africa Alaba-’abeena alw - - - Africa Africa Africa Alabama akz Alabama abm N America N America N America N America Alabat Island Agta dul - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Alacalufe-Austral - - - - S America S America S America Alacalufe-Central - - - - S America S America S America Alacatlatzala Mix- mim Mixtec (Alacat- mxl N America N America N America N America tec latzala) Alago ala - - - Africa Africa Africa Alagwa wbj Alagwa agw Africa Africa Africa Africa Alak alk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Alamblak amp Alamblak ala Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Alangan alj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Alapmunte apv - - - S America S America S America Alawa alh Alawa alw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Albay Bicolano bhk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Alcozauca Mixtec xta - - - N America N America N America Alege alf - - - Africa Africa Africa Alekano gah Gahuku gah Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Algerian arq - - - Africa Africa Africa Algerian Saharan aao - - - Africa Africa Africa Arabic Algerian Sign Lan- asp - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Algonquin alq Algonquin alg N America N America N America N America Ali aiy - - - Africa Africa Africa Alladian ald Alladian ald Africa Africa Africa Africa Allar all - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Allentiac - Allentiac alc S America S America S America S America Alngith aid - - - Australia Australia Australia Alo Phola ypo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

8 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Alo´apamZapotec zaq - - - N America N America N America Alsea aes Alsea als N America N America N America N America Alu Kurumba xua - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Alumu-Tesu aab - - - Africa Africa Africa Alune alp Alune aln SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Alur alz - - - Africa Africa Africa Alutor alr Alutor alu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Alviri-Vidari avd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Alyawarr aly Alyawarra aly Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ama ( New amm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Ama (Sudan) nyi Nyimang nyi Africa Africa Africa Africa Amahai amq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia amc Amahuaca amc S America S America S America S America Amaimon ali - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Amal aad - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Amanab amn Amanab amn Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Amanay´e ama - - - S America S America S America Amara aie Amara ama SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Amarag amg - - - Australia Australia Australia Amarakaeri amr Amarakaeri amk S America S America S America S America Amarasi aaz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Amasi - - - - Africa Africa Africa Amatl´anZapotec zpo - - - N America N America N America Amba () rwm - - - Africa Africa Africa Ambai amk Ambai amq SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ambakich aew - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ambala Ayta abc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ambelau amv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ambele ael - - - Africa Africa Africa Amblong alm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ambo amb - - - Africa Africa Africa Ambo-Pasco qva - - - S America S America S America Quechua Malay abs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ambrak aag - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ambulas abt Ambulas amb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Amdang amj - - - Africa Africa Africa adx Amdo amd SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Amele aey Amele ame Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia American Sign ase American Sign asl Other N America N America N America Language Language Amganad Ifugao ifa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia amh Amharic amh Africa Africa Africa Africa Ami amy Emmi emm Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Amis ami Amis ami SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Amo amo Amo amo Africa Africa Africa Africa Amol alx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

9 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Amoltepec Mixtec mbz - - - N America N America N America Ampanang apg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Amri Karbi ajz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Amto amt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Amundava adw - - - S America S America S America Anaang anw - - - Africa Africa Africa Anakalangu akg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Anal anm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Anam pda - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anamb´e aan - - - S America S America S America Anamuxra imi Anamuxra amx Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ancient Greek grc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ancient Hebrew hbo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Andai afd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Andaman Creole hca - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Andaqui ana - - - S America S America S America Andarum aod - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Andegerebinha adg - - - Australia Australia Australia Andh anr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Andi ani Andi anx Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Andio bzb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Andoa anb - - - S America S America S America Andoque ano Andoke adk S America S America S America S America Andoquero - - - - S America S America S America Andra-Hus anx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anem anz Anem ane Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aneme Wake aby - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anfillo myo - - - Africa Africa Africa Angaataha agm Angaatiha ant Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Angal Enen aoe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Angal Heneng akh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Angal age - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia njm Angami agm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Angguruk Yali yli Yali yli Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia anp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Angloromani rme - - - N America N America N America Angor agg Anggor ang Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Angoram aog - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Angosturas tnd Tunebo tnb S America S America S America S America Tunebo Anguthimri - - - - Australia Australia Australia Ani Phowa ypn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Anii blo - - - Africa Africa Africa Animere anf - - - Africa Africa Africa Anindilyakwa aoi Anindilyakwa ann Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Anjam boj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

10 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ankave aak - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anmatyerre amx - - - Australia Australia Australia Anor anj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anserma ans - - - S America S America S America Ansus and - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Antakarinya ant - - - Australia Australia Australia Antankarana xmv - - - Africa Africa Africa Malagasy Antioquian - - - - S America S America S America Anu anl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Anuak anu Anywa any Africa Africa Africa Africa Anufo cko Anufo anu Africa Africa Africa Africa Anuki aui - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anus auq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anyin Morofo mtb - - - Africa Africa Africa Anyin any Anyi ayi Africa Africa Africa Africa njo Ao ao SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aoheng pni - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aore aor - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ap Ma kbx Kambot kbo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Apala´ı apy Apala´ı apl S America S America S America S America Apali ena - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Apalik apo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Apasco-Apoala mip - - - N America N America N America Mixtec Apatani apt Apatani apt SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Apiak´a api - - - S America S America S America Apiaka- - - - - S America S America S America Apinay´e apn Apinay´e api S America S America S America S America Apolista - - - - S America S America S America Aproumu Aizi ahp Aizi aiz Africa Africa Africa Africa Apurin˜a apu Apurin˜a apu S America S America S America S America Arabana ard Arabana abn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Arabela arl Arabela arb S America S America S America S America Aragonese arg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Araicu - - - - S America S America S America Araki akr Araki ark SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aralle-Tabulahan atq Aralle-Tabulahan atb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aramanik aam - - - Africa Africa Africa Arammba stk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aranadan aaf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arandai jbj Arandai ard Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Araona aro Araona ana S America S America S America S America Arapaho arp Arapaho aho N America N America N America N America Arapaso arj - - - S America S America S America Arawak arw Arawak ara S America S America S America S America Arawet´e awt - - - S America S America S America

11 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Arawum awm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arazaire - - - - S America S America S America Arb¨eresh¨e Alba- aae - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nian Arbore arv Arbore abo Africa Africa Africa Africa Archi aqc Archi arc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Are mwc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Areba aea - - - Australia Australia Australia Arem aem - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arequipa-La Uni´on qxu - - - S America S America S America Quechua Argentine Sign aed Lengua de Se˜nas lsa Other S America S America S America Language Argentina Argobba agj - - - Africa Africa Africa Arguni agf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arh¨o aok - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arhˆa aqr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arhuaco arh Ika ika S America S America S America S America Ari aac - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aribwatsa laz Aribwatsa ari SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aribwaung ylu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arifama-Miniafia aai - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arigidi aqg - - - Africa Africa Africa Arikap´u ark - - - S America S America S America Arikara ari Arikara akr N America N America N America N America Arikem ait - - - S America S America S America Arin xrn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aringa luc - - - Africa Africa Africa Aritinngitigh - - - - Australia Australia Australia Arma aoh - - - S America S America S America Armenian Sign aen - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Armenian hye Armenian (East- arm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ern) Armenian (Ira- arz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nian) Armenian (West- arw Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ern) Aromanian rup - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arop-Sissano aps - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arosi aia Arosi aro SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arta atz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Aru´a (Amazonas aru - - - S America S America S America State) Aru´a (Rodonia arx - - - S America S America S America State) Aruamu msy Mikarew mkr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aruan - - - - S America S America S America Aruek aur - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aruop lsr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Arutani atx - - - S America S America S America Alba- aat - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nian Asabano seo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Asaro’o mtv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

12 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Asas asd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ash´aninka cni Campa (Axininca) cax S America S America S America S America Ash´eninka Pajonal cjo Campa Pajonal cpa S America S America S America S America Asheninca Ash´eninka Peren´e prq - - - S America S America S America Ashe ahs - - - Africa Africa Africa Ashkun ask - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Asho Chin csh Hyow hyo SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ashtiani atn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Asilulu asl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Askopan eiv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Asoa asv - - - Africa Africa Africa Assamese asm Assamese ass Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Assan xss - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Assangori sjg Sungor sug Africa Africa Africa Africa Assiniboine asb - - - N America N America N America Assyrian Neo- aii Neo- (As- nsy Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aramaic syrian) Asturian ast Asturian ast Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Asu () aum - - - Africa Africa Africa Asu () asa Pare pre Africa Africa Africa Africa Asue Awyu psa Pisa pis Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Asunci´onMixtepec zoo - - - N America N America N America Zapotec Asuri asr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ata Manobo atd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ata atm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Atacame - Esmeralde˜no esm S America S America S America S America Atakapa aqp Atakapa atk N America N America N America N America Atampaya amz - - - Australia Australia Australia Atatl´ahuca Mixtec mib Mixtec (Atat- mxa N America N America N America N America lahuca) Atayal tay Atayal ata SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Atemble ate - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Athpariya aph Athpare ath SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ati atk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Atikamekw atj Atikamekw ati N America N America N America N America Atohwaim aqm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Atong ato - - - Africa Africa Africa Atorada aox - - - S America S America S America Atsahuaca atc - - - S America S America S America Atsam cch - - - Africa Africa Africa Atsugewi atw Atsugewi ats N America N America N America N America Atti´e ati - - - Africa Africa Africa Atzingo Matlatz- ocu Ocuilteco ocu N America N America N America N America inca Au avt Au au Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aukan djk Ndyuka ndy Other S America S America S America Aulua aul Aulua aul SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aur´a aux - - - S America S America S America

13 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Aushi auh - - - Africa Africa Africa Aushiri avs - - - S America S America S America Australian Aborig- asw - - - Australia Australia Australia ines Australian Sign asf Auslan aus Other Australia Australia Australia Language Austrian Sign Lan- asq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Auwe smf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Auye auu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Auyokawa auo - - - Africa Africa Africa Av´a-Canoeiro avv - - - S America S America S America Avaric ava Avar ava Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Avatime avn Avatime avt Africa Africa Africa Africa Avau avb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia ave - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Avikam avi - - - Africa Africa Africa Avokaya avu Avokaya avo Africa Africa Africa Africa Awa (Papua New awb Awa awa Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Awa-Cuaiquer kwi Awa Pit awp S America S America S America S America Awabakal awk - - - Australia Australia Australia Awad Bing bcu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Awadhi awa Awadhi awd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Awak awo - - - Africa Africa Africa Awar aya - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Awara awx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Awbono awh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Aweer bob - - - Africa Africa Africa Awera awr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Awet´ı awe - - - S America S America S America Awing azo - - - Africa Africa Africa Awiyaana auy Auyana auy Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Awjilah auj - - - Africa Africa Africa Awngi awn Awngi awn Africa Africa Africa Africa Awtuw kmn Awtuw awt Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Awu yiu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Awun aww - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Awutu afu - - - Africa Africa Africa Awyi auw Awyi awy Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Axamb ahb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Axi Yi yix - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ayabadhu ayd - - - Australia Australia Australia Ayacucho Quechua quy Quechua (Ayacu- qay S America S America S America S America cho) Ayautla Mazatec vmy - - - N America N America N America Ayere aye - - - Africa Africa Africa Ayi (China) ayx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ayi (Papua New ayq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Ayizo Gbe ayb - - - Africa Africa Africa

14 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ayoquesco Zapotec zaf - - - N America N America N America Ayoreo ayo Ayoreo ayr S America S America S America S America Ayu ayu - - - Africa Africa Africa miy Mixtec (Ayutla) mxt N America N America N America N America Azhe yiz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Azoy´uMe’phaa tpc - - - N America N America N America ¨adiKanum khd Kanum (B¨adi) knb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Baan bvj - - - Africa Africa Africa Baangi bqx - - - Africa Africa Africa Baatonum bba Bariba brb Africa Africa Africa Africa Baba Malay mbf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Baba bbw - - - Africa Africa Africa Babalia Creole bbz - - - Africa Africa Africa Arabic Babango bbm - - - Africa Africa Africa Babanki bbk - - - Africa Africa Africa Babatana baa Sisiqa sis SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Babine bcr - - - N America N America N America Babuza bzg - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Bacama bcy - - - Africa Africa Africa Bacanese Malay btj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bada () bhz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bada (Nigeria) bau - - - Africa Africa Africa Badaga bfq Badaga bdg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bade bde Bade bad Africa Africa Africa Africa Badeshi bdz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Badimaya bia Badimaya bdm Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Badui bac - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Badyara pbp - - - Africa Africa Africa Bafanji bfj - - - Africa Africa Africa Bafaw-Balong bwt - - - Africa Africa Africa Bafia ksf Bafia bfi Africa Africa Africa Africa Bafut bfd Bafut baf Africa Africa Africa Africa Baga Binari bcg - - - Africa Africa Africa Baga Kaloum bqf - - - Africa Africa Africa Baga Koga bgo - - - Africa Africa Africa Baga Manduri bmd - - - Africa Africa Africa Baga Mboteni bgm - - - Africa Africa Africa Baga Sitemu bsp Baga Sitemu bgs Africa Africa Africa Africa Baga Soban´e bsv - - - Africa Africa Africa Bagheli bfy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bagirmi Fulfulde fui - - - Africa Africa Africa Bagirmi bmi Bagirmi bag Africa Africa Africa Africa Bago-Kusuntu bqg - - - Africa Africa Africa Bagri bgq Bagri bgi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bagupi bpi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

15 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Bagvalal kva Bagvalal bgv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Baha Buyang yha - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Baham bdw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Baharna Arabic abv Arabic (Bahrain) abh Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bahau bhv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bahinemo bjh Bahinemo bhn Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia bhj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bahnar bdq Bahnar (Plei Bong- bpb SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mang Yang) Bahonsuai bsu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bai bdj - - - Africa Africa Africa Baibai bbf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Baikeno bkx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Baima bqh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Baimak bmx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bainouk- bcz - - - Africa Africa Africa Gunyaamolo Bainouk-Gunyu˜no bab - - - Africa Africa Africa Bainouk-Samik bcb - - - Africa Africa Africa Baiso bsw Bayso bys Africa Africa Africa Africa Baissa Fali fah - - - Africa Africa Africa Bajelani bjm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Baka () bkc Baka (in bak Africa Africa Africa Africa Cameroon) Baka (Sudan) bdh Baka (in Sudan) bka Africa Africa Africa Africa Bakair´ı bkq Bakair´ı bki S America S America S America S America Bakaka bqz - - - Africa Africa Africa Bakhtiari bqi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Baki bki - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bakoko bkh - - - Africa Africa Africa Bakole kme - - - Africa Africa Africa Bakpinka bbs - - - Africa Africa Africa Bakumpai bkr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bakw´e bjw - - - Africa Africa Africa Balaesang bls - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Balangao blw Balangao blg SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Balanta-Ganja bjt Balanta blz Africa Africa Africa Africa Balanta-Kentohe ble Balanta blz Africa Africa Africa Africa Balantak blz Balantak blk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Balau blg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Baldemu bdn - - - Africa Africa Africa Bali (Democratic bcp - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Bali (Nigeria) bcn - - - Africa Africa Africa Balinese Malay mhp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Balinese ban Balinese bal SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Balkan Gagauz bgx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Turkish rmn Romani (Ajia Var- rav Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia vara) Romani (Bugur- rbu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dzi)

16 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Balo bqo - - - Africa Africa Africa Baloi biz - - - Africa Africa Africa Balti bft Balti blt SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Baltic Romani rml Romani (North rnr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Russian) Romani rse Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Sepecides) Baluan-Pam blq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bamako Sign Lan- bog - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Bamali bbq - - - Africa Africa Africa Bambalang bmo - - - Africa Africa Africa Bambam ptu Bambam bbm SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bambara bam Bambara bam Africa Africa Africa Africa Bambassi myf - - - Africa Africa Africa Bambili-Bambui baw Mbili mbi Africa Africa Africa Africa Bamenyam bce - - - Africa Africa Africa Bamu bcf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bamukumbit bqt - - - Africa Africa Africa Bamun bax Bamun bmn Africa Africa Africa Africa Bamunka bvm - - - Africa Africa Africa Bamwe bmg - - - Africa Africa Africa Ban Khor Sign bfk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Bana bcw Bana ban Africa Africa Africa Africa Banao Itneg bjx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Banaro byz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Banda Malay bpq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Banda-Bambari liy Linda lnd Africa Africa Africa Africa Banda-Banda bpd - - - Africa Africa Africa Banda-Mbr` bqk - - - Africa Africa Africa Banda-Nd´el´e bfl - - - Africa Africa Africa Banda-Yangere yaj - - - Africa Africa Africa Bandi bza Bandi bnd Africa Africa Africa Africa Bandial bqj - - - Africa Africa Africa Bandjalang bdy Bandjalang bnj Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Bandjalang bca Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia (Casino) Bandjalang bwa Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia (Waalubal) Bandjalang byu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia (Yugumbir) Gidabal gid Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Bandjigali bjd - - - Australia Australia Australia Bangad ksc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bangala bxg - - - Africa Africa Africa Bangandu bgf - - - Africa Africa Africa Bangba bbe - - - Africa Africa Africa Banggai bgz Banggai bgg SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Banggarla bjb Banggarla bnl Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Bangi Me dba - - - Africa Africa Africa Bangi bni Bobangi bob Africa Africa Africa Africa

17 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Bangolan bgj - - - Africa Africa Africa Bangubangu bnx - - - Africa Africa Africa Bangwinji bsj - - - Africa Africa Africa Baniva bvv - - - S America S America S America bwi Baniwa bnw S America S America S America S America Banjar bjn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bankagooma bxw - - - Africa Africa Africa Bankon abb Bankon bnk Africa Africa Africa Africa Bannoni bcm Banoni bnn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bantawa bap - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bantik bnq Bantik bnt SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bantoanon bno - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Baoul´e bci Baule ble Africa Africa Africa Africa Bar´e bae Bar´e bae S America S America S America S America Bar´ı mot Motil´on mti S America S America S America S America (Chibchan) Bara Malagasy bhr - - - Africa Africa Africa Baraamu brd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Barai bbb Barai baa Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Barakai baj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Baram Kayan kys Kayan (Baram) kbr SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Barama bbg - - - Africa Africa Africa Barambu brm Barambu bbu Africa Africa Africa Africa Baramu bmz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Barapasi brp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Baras brs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia -Eduria bsn Barasano brs S America S America S America S America Barbacoas bpb - - - S America S America S America Barbare˜no boi Chumash (Bar- cba N America N America N America N America bare˜no) Barclayville Grebo gry Grebo grb Africa Africa Africa Africa Bardi bcj Bardi brd Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Barein bva - - - Africa Africa Africa Bari bfa Bari bar Africa Africa Africa Africa Kuk´u kuk Africa Africa Africa Africa Bariai bch - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bariji bjc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Barikanchi bxo - - - Africa Africa Africa Barok bjk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Barombi bbi - - - Africa Africa Africa Barro Negro tbn - - - S America S America S America Tunebo Barrow Point bpt - - - Australia Australia Australia Baruga bjz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Baruya byr Baruya bry Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Barwe bwg - - - Africa Africa Africa Barzani Jewish bjf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Neo-Aramaic Basa (Cameroon) bas Basa´a bas Africa Africa Africa Africa

18 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Basa (Nigeria) bzw - - - Africa Africa Africa Basa-Gumna bsl - - - Africa Africa Africa Basa-Gurmana buj - - - Africa Africa Africa Basap bdb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Basay byq - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Bashkardi bsg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bashkir bak Bashkir bsk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Basketo bst - - - Africa Africa Africa Basque eus Basque bsq Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Basque (Basabu- bqi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia rua and Imoz) Basque (Bidasoa bqb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Valley) Basque (Gernica) bqg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Basque (Hondar- bqh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ribia) Basque (Lekeitio) bql Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Basque (Northern bqn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia High Navarrese) Basque (O˜nati) bqo Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Basque (Ron- bqr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia calese) Basque (Sakana) bqs Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Basque (Souletin) bso Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Basque (Zeberio) bqz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bassa bsq - - - Africa Africa Africa Bassa-Kontagora bsr - - - Africa Africa Africa Bassari bsc Basari bsr Africa Africa Africa Africa Bassossi bsi - - - Africa Africa Africa Bata bta - - - Africa Africa Africa Bataan Ayta ayt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batad Ifugao ifb Ifugao (Batad) ifu SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak Alas-Kluet btz Alas alx SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak Angkola akb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak Dairi btd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak Karo btx Batak (Karo) bkr SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak Mandailing btm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak Simalungun bts - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak Toba bbc Batak (Toba) bto SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batak bya Batak bat SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Batanga bnm - - - Africa Africa Africa Batanta - - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Batek btq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bateri btv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bathari bhm Bathari bth Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bati (Cameroon) btc - - - Africa Africa Africa Bati (Indonesia) bvt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bats bbl Tsova-Tush ttu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Batu btu - - - Africa Africa Africa Batui zbt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

19 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Batuley bay - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bau Bidayuh sne - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bau bbd Bau bau Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bauchi bsf - - - Africa Africa Africa Baure brg Baure baq S America S America S America S America Bauria bge - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bauro bxa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bauwaki bwk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bauzi bvz Bauzi bzi Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bavarian bar German (Bavar- gba Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ian) German (Upper gau Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Austrian) German (Vien- gvi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nese) Bawm Chin bgr Bawm baw SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bay Miwok mkq - - - N America N America N America Bayali bjy Dharumbal dhb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Baygo byg - - - Africa Africa Africa Bayono byl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bayot bda - - - Africa Africa Africa Bayungu bxj - - - Australia Australia Australia Bazigar bfr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Beami beo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Beaver bea - - - N America N America N America Beba bfp - - - Africa Africa Africa Bebe bzv - - - Africa Africa Africa Bebele beb - - - Africa Africa Africa Bebeli bek - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bebil bxp - - - Africa Africa Africa Bedik tnr - - - Africa Africa Africa Bedjond bjv - - - Africa Africa Africa Bedoanas bed - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Beeke bkf - - - Africa Africa Africa Beele bxq - - - Africa Africa Africa Beembe beq Beembe bee Africa Africa Africa Africa Beezen bnz - - - Africa Africa Africa Befang bby - - - Africa Africa Africa Begbere-Ejar bqv - - - Africa Africa Africa Beja bej Beja bej Africa Africa Africa Africa Bekati’ bei - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bekwarra bkv - - - Africa Africa Africa Bekwil bkw - - - Africa Africa Africa Belait beg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Belanda Bor bxb - - - Africa Africa Africa Belanda Viri bvi - - - Africa Africa Africa Belarusian bel Belorussian blr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Belhariya byw Belhare bel SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

20 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Beli (Papua New bey - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Beli (Sudan) blm - - - Africa Africa Africa Belize Kriol En- bzj ´ıskito Coast En- mce Other N America N America N America glish glish Creole Bella Coola blc Bella Coola bco N America N America N America N America Bellari brw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bemba (Demo- bmy Bemba bem Africa Africa Africa Africa cratic Republic of Congo) Bemba (Zambia) bem - - - Africa Africa Africa Bembe bmb - - - Africa Africa Africa Ben-Lomond- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Cape-Portland Bena (Nigeria) yun - - - Africa Africa Africa Bena (Tanzania) bez - - - Africa Africa Africa Benabena bef Benabena beb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bench bcq Gimira gim Africa Africa Africa Africa Bende bdp - - - Africa Africa Africa Bendi bct - - - Africa Africa Africa Beng nhb Beng bnq Africa Africa Africa Africa Benga bng Benga bga Africa Africa Africa Africa Bengali ben Bengali ben Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Benggoi bgy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bengkala Sign Lan- bqy Kata Kolok kkl Other Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia guage Bentong bnu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Benyadu’ byd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Beothuk bue Beothuk beo N America N America N America N America Bepour bie - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bera brf Bira bia Africa Africa Africa Africa Berakou bxv - - - Africa Africa Africa Berau Malay bve - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Berbice Creole brc Berbice Dutch Cre- bdc Other S America S America S America Dutch ole Berik bkl Berik brk Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Berinomo bit - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Berom bom Birom bir Africa Africa Africa Africa Berta wti Berta ber Africa Africa Africa Africa Berti byt - - - Africa Africa Africa Besisi mhe Mah Meri mhm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Besme bes - - - Africa Africa Africa Besoa bep - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Betaf bfe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Betawi bew Melayu Betawi meb Other Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bete byf - - - Africa Africa Africa Bete-Bendi btt - - - Africa Africa Africa Beti (Cˆote eot - - - Africa Africa Africa ’Ivoire) Beti (Cameroon) btb - - - Africa Africa Africa Betoi - Betoi bti S America S America S America S America Betta Kurumba xub - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bezhta kap Bezhta bez Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

21 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Bhadrawahi bhd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhalay bhx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bharia bha - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhatola btl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhatri bgw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhattiyali bht - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhaya bhe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhele bhy - - - Africa Africa Africa Bhilali bhi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhili bhb Bhili bhi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhojpuri bho Bhojpuri bho Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bhoti Kinnauri nes - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia bhu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Biafada bif Biafada bfd Africa Africa Africa Africa Biali beh - - - Africa Africa Africa Bian Marind bpv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Biangai big - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Biao Mon bmt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Biao byk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Biao-Jiao Mien bje - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Biatah Bidayuh bth Biatah bit SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bidiyo bid Bidiya bid Africa Africa Africa Africa Bidyara bym - - - Australia Australia Australia Bidyogo bjg - - - Africa Africa Africa Bierebo bnk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bieria brj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Biete biu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Big Nambas nmb Nambas (Big) nbb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Big-River - - - - Australia Australia Australia Biga bhc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bijori bix - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bikaru-Bragge bic - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bikya byb - - - Africa Africa Africa Bila bip Bira bia Africa Africa Africa Africa Bilakura bql - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia kfs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bilba bpz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bilbil brz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bile bil - - - Africa Africa Africa Bilin byn Bilin bln Africa Africa Africa Africa Bilma Kanuri bms - - - Africa Africa Africa Biloxi bll Biloxi blx N America N America N America N America Bilua blb Bilua bil Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bilur bxf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bima bhp Bima bim SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

22 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Bimin bhl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bimoba bim Bimoba bmb Africa Africa Africa Africa Bina (Nigeria) byj - - - Africa Africa Africa Bina (Papua New bmn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Binahari bxz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Binandere bhg Binandere bin Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bine bon - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bini bin Bini bni Africa Africa Africa Africa Binji bpj - - - Africa Africa Africa Binongan Itneg itb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bintauna bne - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bintulu bny - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Binukid bkd Binukid bkd SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Binumarien bjr Binumarien bnm Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bipi biq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Birale bxe - - - Africa Africa Africa Birao brr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Birgit btf - - - Africa Africa Africa Birhor biy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Biri bzr Biri bii Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Biritai bqq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Birked brk - - - Africa Africa Africa Birri bvq Birri brz Africa Africa Africa Africa Birwa brl - - - Africa Africa Africa Biseni ije - - - Africa Africa Africa Bishnupriya bpy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bishuo bwh - - - Africa Africa Africa Bisis bnw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bisorio bir - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bissa bib Bisa bis Africa Africa Africa Africa Bisu bzi Bisu biu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bit bgk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bitare brt - - - Africa Africa Africa Bitur mcc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Biwat bwm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Biyo byo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Biyom bpm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Blablanga blp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Blafe bfh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Blang blr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bo () bgl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bo (Papua New bpw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Bo-Rukul mae - - - Africa Africa Africa Bo-Ung mux - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia () bzn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

23 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Boano (Sulawesi) bzl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bobongko bgb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bobot bty - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bodo (Central boy - - - Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Bodo () brx Bodo bod SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bodo Gadaba gbj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bodo Parja bdv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bofi bff - - - Africa Africa Africa Boga bvw - - - Africa Africa Africa Bogaya boq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Boghom bux - - - Africa Africa Africa Boguru bqu - - - Africa Africa Africa Bohtan Neo- bhn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aramaic Boikin bzf Boiken boi Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Boko (Benin) bqc Boko bok Africa Africa Africa Africa Boko (Democratic bkp - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Bokobaru bus - - - Africa Africa Africa Bokoto bdt - - - Africa Africa Africa Bokyi bky - - - Africa Africa Africa Bola bnp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bolango bld - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bole bol Bole blq Africa Africa Africa Africa Bolgo bvo - - - Africa Africa Africa Bolia bli Bolia bol Africa Africa Africa Africa Bolinao smk Bilaan biq SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bolivian Sign Lan- bvl - - - S America S America S America guage Bolo blv - - - Africa Africa Africa Boloki bkt - - - Africa Africa Africa Bolon bof - - - Africa Africa Africa Bolondo bzm - - - Africa Africa Africa Bolongan blj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bolyu ply - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bom bmf - - - Africa Africa Africa Boma boh - - - Africa Africa Africa Bomboli bml - - - Africa Africa Africa Bomboma bws - - - Africa Africa Africa Bomitaba zmx - - - Africa Africa Africa Bomu bmq - - - Africa Africa Africa Bomwali bmw - - - Africa Africa Africa Bon Gula glc - - - Africa Africa Africa Bonan peh Baonan bao Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bondei bou - - - Africa Africa Africa Bondo bfw Remo rem Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bondoukou Ku- kzc - - - Africa Africa Africa lango Bonerif bnv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

24 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Bonggi bdg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bonggo bpg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bongili bui - - - Africa Africa Africa Bongo bot Bongo bgo Africa Africa Africa Africa Bongu bpu Bongu bon Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bonjo bok - - - Africa Africa Africa Bonkeng bvg - - - Africa Africa Africa Bonkiman bop - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bookan bnb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Boon bnl - - - Africa Africa Africa Boor bvf - - - Africa Africa Africa Borˆoro bor brr S America S America S America S America Bora boa Bora bor S America S America S America S America Borana-Arsi-Guji gax Oromo (Boraana) orb Africa Africa Africa Africa Oromo Border Kuna kvn Kuna kun S America S America S America S America Borei gai - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Borgu Fulfulde fue - - - Africa Africa Africa Borna (Democratic bxx - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Boro () bwo Shinassha ssh Africa Africa Africa Africa Borong ksr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Boruca brn Boruca brc S America N America N America N America Boselewa bwf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bosngun bqs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bosnian bos Bosnian bos Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Serbian-Croatian scr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bote-Majhi bmj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Botlikh bph - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Botolan Sambal sbl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bouna Kulango nku - - - Africa Africa Africa Bouyei pcc Yay yay SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bozaba bzo - - - Africa Africa Africa Bragat aof - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Brahui brh Brahui brh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Braj bra - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Brazilian Sign Lan- bzs ´ıngua de Sinais lsb Other S America S America S America guage Brasileira Brek Karen kvl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Brem buq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Breri brq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Breton bre Breton bre Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bribri bzd Bribri bri S America N America N America N America British Sign Lan- bfi British Sign Lan- bsl Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage Brokkat bro - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Brokpake sgt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia bkk Brokskat bkt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Brooke’s Point plw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Palawano

25 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Broome Pearling bpl - - - Australia Australia Australia Lugger Brunei Bisaya bsb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Brunei kxd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bruny Island - - - - Australia Australia Australia Bu jid - - - Africa Africa Africa Bu-Nao Bunu bwx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bua bub - - - Africa Africa Africa Bualkhaw Chin cbl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Buamu box - - - Africa Africa Africa Bubi buw - - - Africa Africa Africa Bubia bbx - - - Africa Africa Africa Budeh Stieng stt Stieng sti SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Budong-Budong bdx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Budu buu - - - Africa Africa Africa Budukh bdk Budukh bdk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Buduma bdm Buduma bud Africa Africa Africa Africa Budza bja - - - Africa Africa Africa Buena Vista - - - - N America N America N America Yokuts Bugan bbh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bugawac buk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Buginese bug Bugis bug SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Buglere sab Buglere bgl S America N America N America N America Bugun bgg Bugun bgn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Buhid bku - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Buhutu bxh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bujhyal byh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bukar-Sadung Bi- sdo Mentuh Tapuh mta SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia dayuh Bukat bvk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bukharic bhh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bukit Malay bvu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bukitan bkn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bukiyip ape Arapesh arp Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Buksa tkb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bukusu bxk Bukusu buk Africa Africa Africa Africa Bukwen buz - - - Africa Africa Africa Bularnu - Bularnu bnu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Bulgarian Sign bqn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Bulgarian bul Bulgarian bul Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bulgebi bmp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Buli () bwu Buli (in Ghana) buy Africa Africa Africa Africa Buli (Indonesia) bzq Buli (in Indonesia) bui SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bullom So buy - - - Africa Africa Africa Bulo Stieng sti Stieng sti SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bulu (Cameroon) bum Bulu buw Africa Africa Africa Africa Bulu (Papua New bjl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea)

26 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Bum bmv - - - Africa Africa Africa Bumaji byp - - - Africa Africa Africa Bumbita Arapesh aon - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bumthangkha kjz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bun buv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Buna bvn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bunaba bck bnb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Bunak bfn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bunama bdd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bundeli bns - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bung bqd - - - Africa Africa Africa Bungain but - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bungku bkz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bungu wun - - - Africa Africa Africa Bunun bnn - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Buol blf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bura-Pabir bwr Bura-Pabir bpa Africa Africa Africa Africa Burak bys - - - Africa Africa Africa Buraka bkg - - - Africa Africa Africa Burarra bvr Burarra bua Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Burate bti - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Burduna bxn - - - Australia Australia Australia Bure bvh - - - Africa Africa Africa Burji bji Burji brj Africa Africa Africa Africa Burmbar vrt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Burmese mya Burmese brm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Burmeso bzu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia (Indonesia) mhs Buru buu SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Buru (Nigeria) bqw - - - Africa Africa Africa Burui bry - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Burum-Mindik bmu Burum bmr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Burumakok aip - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Burun bdi - - - Africa Africa Africa Burunge bds Burunge brn Africa Africa Africa Africa bsk Burushaski bur Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Burusu bqr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Buruwai asi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Busa bqp Busa bus Africa Africa Africa Africa Busam bxs - - - Africa Africa Africa Busami bsm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Busang Kayan bfg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bushoong buf Bushoong bsh Africa Africa Africa Africa Buso bso - - - Africa Africa Africa Busoa bup - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bussa dox - - - Africa Africa Africa

27 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Busuu bju - - - Africa Africa Africa Butam - - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Butbut Kalinga kyb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Butmas-Tur bnr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Butuanon btw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Buwal bhs - - - Africa Africa Africa Buya byy - - - Africa Africa Africa Buyu byi - - - Africa Africa Africa Buyuan Jinuo jiy Jino jin SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bwa bww - - - Africa Africa Africa Bwaidoka bwd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bwanabwana tte - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bwatoo bwa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Bwe Karen bwe Karen (Bwe) kbw SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Bwela bwl - - - Africa Africa Africa Bwile bwc - - - Africa Africa Africa Bwisi bwz - - - Africa Africa Africa Byangsi bee Byansi bya SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Byep mkk - - - Africa Africa Africa ’lela dri - - - Africa Africa Africa Cˆoˆong cnc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ca˜nar Highland qxr - - - S America S America S America Quichua Caac msq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Cab´ecar cjp Cab´ecar cab S America N America N America N America Cabiyar´ı cbb - - - S America S America S America Cacaloxtepec Mix- miu - - - N America N America N America tec Cacaopera ccr - - - N America N America N America Cacgia Roglai roc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cacua cbv Cacua cac S America S America S America S America Caddo cad Caddo cad N America N America N America N America Cafundo Creole ccd - - - S America S America S America Cagua cbh - - - S America S America S America Cahuarano cah - - - S America S America S America Cahuilla chl Cahuilla cah N America N America N America N America Cajamarca qvc Quechua (Caja- qca S America S America S America S America Quechua marca) Cajatambo North qvl - - - S America S America S America Lima Quechua zad - - - N America N America N America Cajun French frc - - - N America N America N America Caka ckx - - - Africa Africa Africa Cakchiquel-Quich´e ckz - - - N America N America N America Mixed Language Cakfem-Mushere cky - - - Africa Africa Africa Cal´o rmr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Calder´onHighland qud - - - S America S America S America Quichua Callawalla caw - - - S America S America S America Caluyanun clu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

28 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Camarines Norte abd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Agta Cambap twn - - - Africa Africa Africa Cameroon Mam- mcu Mambila mla Africa Africa Africa Africa bila Cameroon Pidgin wes - - - Africa Africa Africa Camling rab Camling cml SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Campalagian cml - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Campidanese Sar- sro Sardinian srd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dinian Cams´a kbh Cams´a cam S America S America S America S America Camtho cmt - - - Africa Africa Africa Canari - - - - S America S America S America Candoshi-Shapra cbu Candoshi can S America S America S America S America Canela ram Canela cnl S America S America S America S America Canela-Krahˆo ckr S America S America S America S America Canichana caz - - - S America S America S America Cao Lan mlc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cao Miao cov - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Capanahua kaq Capanahua cap S America S America S America S America Capiznon cps - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Capoxo - - - - S America S America S America Cappadocian cpg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Greek Caquinte cot - - - S America S America S America Cara cfd - - - Africa Africa Africa Carabayo cby - - - S America S America S America Caramanta crf - - - S America S America S America Carapana cbc Carapana crp S America S America S America S America Cariay - - - - S America S America S America Caribbean - hns - - - S America S America S America tani Caribbean Ja- jvn - - - S America S America S America vanese Carijona cbd Carijona crj S America S America S America S America Guaque guq S America S America S America S America Hianacoto hia S America S America S America S America Umaua umu S America S America S America S America Carolina Algo- crr - - - N America N America N America nquian Carpathian Ro- rmc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia mani Carrier crx Carrier crq N America N America N America N America Cashibo-Cacataibo cbr Cashibo cas S America S America S America S America Cashinahua cbs Cashinahua csh S America S America S America S America Cashinawa- - - - - S America S America S America Tarauaca-River Casiguran Duma- dgc Dumagat (Casigu- dca SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia gat Agta ran) Casuarina Coast asc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Asmat Cataelano Man- mst - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia daya Catalan Sign Lan- csc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Catalan cat Catalan ctl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Catawba chc Catawba ctw N America N America N America N America Cauca cca - - - S America S America S America 29 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Cavine˜na cav Cavine˜na cav S America S America S America S America Cayubaba cyb Cayuvava cyv S America S America S America S America Cayuga cay Cayuga cyg N America N America N America N America Cayuse xcy - - - N America N America N America Cebaara Senoufo sef Senadi snd Africa Africa Africa Africa Cebuano ceb Cebuano ceb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Cemuhˆı cam C`emuhˆı cem SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Cent´u´um cet - - - Africa Africa Africa Central Asmat cns - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Central Atlas tzm Berber (Ayt bse Africa Africa Africa Africa Tamazight Seghrouchen Mid- dle Atlas) Berber (Figuig) bfg Africa Africa Africa Africa Berber (Middle At- bma Africa Africa Africa Africa las) Central Awyu awu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Central Aymara ayr Aymara aym S America S America S America S America Central Bai bca Bai bai SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Central Berawan zbc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Bicolano bcl Bikol bkl SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Bontoc bnc Bontok btk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Cagayan agt Agta (Central) agc SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Agta Central Dusun dtp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Grebo grv - - - Africa Africa Africa Central Hong- zch - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia shuihe Zhuang Central Huasteca nch - - - N America N America N America Central Huishui hmc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Central Kanuri knc Kanuri knr Africa Africa Africa Africa Central Khmer khm Khmer khm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Central Kurdish ckb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia pse - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Mashan hmm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Central Mazahua maz Mazahua maz N America N America N America N America Central Melanau mel Melanau mel SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Mnong cmo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Central Nahuatl nhn Nahuatl (Central) nhc N America N America N America N America Central Nicobarese ncb Nancowry nnc SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Nicobarese nic SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Ojibwa ojc - - - N America N America N America Central Palawano plc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Pame pbs Pame pam N America N America N America N America Central pst Pashto psh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Central Pomo poo Pomo (Central) pmc N America N America N America N America Central Puebla ncx - - - N America N America N America Nahuatl Central Sama sml - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Siberian ess Yupik (Siberian) yus N America Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yupik Yupik (St. ysl N America Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lawrence Island) Central Sierra Mi- csm Miwok (Central mcs N America N America N America N America wok Sierra)

30 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Central Subanen syb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Tagbanwa tgt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Central Tarahu- tar Tarahumara (Cen- tce N America N America N America N America mara tral) Central Tunebo tuf - - - S America S America S America Central Yupik esu Yup’ik (Central) ypk N America N America N America N America Yup’ik (Chevak) ych N America N America N America N America Yup’ik (Norton yun N America N America N America N America Sound) Central-Eastern fuq - - - Africa Africa Africa Fulfulde Cerma cme Kirma kir Africa Africa Africa Africa Ch´acobo cao Ch´acobo cbo S America S America S America S America Chachapoyas quk - - - S America S America S America Quechua Chachi cbi Cayapa cay S America S America S America S America shu Arabic (Abb´ech´e abb Africa Africa Africa Africa ) Arabic (Borno arn Africa Africa Africa Africa Nigerian) Chadian Sign Lan- cds - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Chagatai chg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chaima ciy - - - S America S America S America Chak ckh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chakali cli - - - Africa Africa Africa Chakma ccp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chala cll - - - Africa Africa Africa Chaldean Neo- cld Chaldean (Mod- cld Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aramaic ern) Neo-Aramaic naa Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Amadiya) Chalikha tgf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ceg - - - S America S America S America Chamalal cji Chamalal chm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chamari cdg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia cdh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chambri can Chambri chb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Chamicuro ccc - - - S America S America S America Chan´a - - - - S America S America S America Chan´e caj - - - S America S America S America nbc Chang chg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Changriwa cga - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Changthang cna - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Changuena - - - - N America N America N America Chantyal chx Chantyal chn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chapakura - - - - S America S America S America Chara cra - - - Africa Africa Africa Charr´ua - - - - S America S America S America Chaudangsi cdn Chaudangsi chd SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chaungtha ccq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chaura crv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Chayahuita cbt Chayahuita chy S America S America S America S America Chayuco Mixtec mih Mixtec (Chayuco) mxu N America N America N America N America

31 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Chazumba Mixtec xtb - - - N America N America N America Che ruk - - - Africa Africa Africa Chechen che Chechen chc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cheke Holo mrn Cheke Holo ckh SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Chenapian cjn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Chenchu cde - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chenoua cnu - - - Africa Africa Africa Chepang cdm Chepang cpn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cherepon cpn - - - Africa Africa Africa Cherokee chr Cherokee che N America N America N America N America Chetco ctc - - - N America N America N America Chewong cwg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cheyenne chy Cheyenne cyn N America N America N America N America Chhattisgarhi hne - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chhintange ctn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chhulung cur - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chiangmai Sign csd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Chiapanec cip - - - N America N America N America Chibcha chb Muisca msc S America S America S America S America Chicahuaxtla trs Trique (Chic- trc N America N America N America N America Triqui ahuaxtla) Chichicapan Za- zpv - - - N America N America N America potec Chichimeca-Jonaz pei Chichimeca-Jonaz cjo N America N America N America N America Chickasaw cic Chickasaw cck N America N America N America N America Chicomuceltec cob Chicomuceltec cec N America N America N America N America Chiga cgg Nkore-Kiga nko Africa Africa Africa Africa Chigmecatitl´an mii - - - N America N America N America Mixtec Chilcotin clc - - - N America N America N America Chilean Quechua cqu - - - S America S America S America Chilean Sign Lan- csg - - - S America S America S America guage Chilisso clh Cholon cln S America Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chiltepec Chinan- csa - - - N America N America N America tec Chimakum cmk Chemakum cmk N America N America N America N America Chimalapa Zoque zoh Zoque (Chi- zch N America N America N America N America malapa) Chimariko cid Chimariko chi N America N America N America N America Chimborazo High- qug Quechua qec S America S America S America S America land Quichua (Ecuadorean) Chimila cbg Chimila cma S America S America S America S America China Buriat bxu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chinali cih - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chinbon Chin cnb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chincha Quechua qxc - - - S America S America S America Chinese Sign Lan- csl Chinese Sign Lan- csl Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage Chinook chh Chinook (Lower) ckl N America N America N America N America chn - - - N America N America N America Chipaya cap - - - S America S America S America Chipewyan chp Chipewyan chp N America N America N America N America

32 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Chipiajes cbe - - - S America S America S America Chippewa ciw Chippewa (Red cpw N America N America N America N America Lake and Pillager) Ojibwe (Min- ojm N America N America N America N America nesota) Chiqui´an Ancash qxa Quechua (Ancash) qan S America S America S America S America Quechua Chiquihuitl´an maq Mazatec (Chiqui- mzc N America N America N America N America Mazatec huitl´an) cax Chiquito cqt S America S America S America S America Chirip´a nhd - - - S America S America S America Chiru cdf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chitimacha ctm Chitimacha ctm N America N America N America N America Chitkuli Kinnauri cik - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chittagonian ctg Bengali (Chit- bec Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia tagong) Chitwania Tharu the - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Choapan Zapotec zpc - - - N America N America N America Chocangacakha cgk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chochotec coz Chocho cch N America N America N America N America Choctaw cho Choctaw cct N America N America N America N America Chodri cdi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chokri Naga nri Angami agm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chokwe cjk - - - Africa Africa Africa Chol ctu Chol col N America N America N America N America Chol´on cht Cholon cln S America S America S America S America Chong cog - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Choni cda - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chono - - - - S America S America S America Chonyi-Dzihana- coh - - - Africa Africa Africa Kauma Chopi cce - - - Africa Africa Africa Chorotega cjr - - - N America N America N America Chort´ı caa Chort´ı coi N America N America N America N America nct - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chrau crw Chrau chr SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chru cje Chru crh SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chuanqiandian cqd Hmong Njua hmo SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cluster Miao Chuave cjv Chuave cve Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Chug cvg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chuj cac Chuj chj N America N America N America N America Chuka cuh - - - Africa Africa Africa Chukot ckt Chukchi chk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chukwa cuw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chulym clw Chulym cly Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chumburung ncu Chumburung cum Africa Africa Africa Africa cdj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Church Slavic chu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chut scb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chuvash chv Chuvash chv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Chuwabu chw - - - Africa Africa Africa

33 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ci Gbe cib - - - Africa Africa Africa Cia-Cia cia - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Cibak ckl - - - Africa Africa Africa Cicipu awc - - - Africa Africa Africa Cimbrian cim - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cinamiguin mkx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Manobo Cinda-Regi-Tiyal cdr - - - Africa Africa Africa Cineni cie - - - Africa Africa Africa cin - - - S America S America S America Citak txt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ciwogai tgd - - - Africa Africa Africa Clallam clm Clallam cla N America N America N America N America Classical Mandaic myz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Classical Nahuatl nci - - - N America N America N America Classical Quechua qwc - - - S America S America S America Classical Syriac syc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Coahuilteco xcw Coahuilteco coa N America N America N America N America Coast Miwok csi Miwok (Bodega) mkb N America N America N America N America Coastal Kadazan kzj Kadazan kdz SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Coastal Konjo kjc Konjo kjo SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Coatecas Altas Za- zca - - - N America N America N America potec Coatepec Nahuatl naz - - - N America N America N America Coatl´anMixe mco Mixe (Coatl´an) mco N America N America N America N America Coatl´anZapotec zps - - - N America N America N America miz Mixtec (Coat- mxz N America N America N America N America zospan) Cocama-Cocamilla cod Cocama coc S America S America S America S America Cochimi coj - - - N America N America N America Cocopa coc Cocopa ccp N America N America N America N America Coeruna - - - - S America S America S America Coeur d’Alene crd Coeur d’Alene coe N America N America N America N America Cof´an con Cof´an cof S America S America S America S America Cogui kog Cogui cog S America S America S America S America Col liw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Colac - Colac clc Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Colombian Sign csn - - - S America S America S America Language Colonia Tovar Ger- gct - - - S America S America S America man Colorado cof Tsafiki tsf S America S America S America S America Columbia- col Columbia- cwe N America N America N America N America Wenatchi Wenatchi Comaltepec Chi- cco Chinantec (Comal- ccm N America N America N America N America nantec tepec) Comanche com Comanche cmn N America N America N America N America Comecrudo xcm Comecrudo cmc N America N America N America N America Como Karim cfg - - - Africa Africa Africa Comox coo Comox cmx N America N America N America N America Con cno - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Congo Swahili swc - - - Africa Africa Africa

34 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Coos csz Coos (Hanis) coo N America N America N America N America Copainal´aZoque zoc Zoque (Copainal´a) zqc N America N America N America N America Zoque (Ostuacan) zqo N America N America N America N America Copala Triqui trc Trique (Copala) tri N America N America N America N America Coptic cop Coptic cop Africa Africa Africa Africa Coquille coq - - - N America N America N America Cori cry - - - Africa Africa Africa Cornish cor Cornish crn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Coroado-Puri - - - - S America S America S America Corongo Ancash qwa - - - S America S America S America Quechua Coropo - - - - S America S America S America Coropo xxr - - - S America S America S America Corsican cos - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Costa Rican Sign csr - - - N America N America N America Language Cotabato Manobo mta - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Cotoname xcn - - - N America N America N America Cotoxo - - - - S America S America S America Cowlitz cow - - - N America N America N America Coxima kox - - - S America S America S America Coyaima coy - - - S America S America S America Coyotepec pbf Popoloca (San Vi- psv N America N America N America N America Popoloca cente Coyotepec) Coyutla Totonac toc - - - N America N America N America Creek mus Creek crk N America N America N America N America Seminole smn N America N America N America N America Crimean Tatar crh Crimean Tatar cri Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Croatia Sign Lan- csq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Croatian hrv Serbian-Croatian scr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cross River Mbe- mfn - - - Africa Africa Africa mbe Crow cro Crow cro N America N America N America N America Cruze˜no crz - - - N America N America N America Cua cua Cua cua SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cuba Sign Lan- csf - - - N America N America N America guage Cubeo cub Cubeo cub S America S America S America S America Cuiba cui Cuiba cui S America S America S America S America Cuitlatec - Cuitlatec cut N America N America N America N America Culina cul Culina cul S America S America S America S America Culli - - - - S America S America S America Cumanagoto cuo - - - S America S America S America Cumeral cum - - - S America S America S America Cun cuq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Cung cug - - - Africa Africa Africa Cupe˜no cup Cupe˜no cup N America N America N America N America Curripaco kpc Curripaco cur S America S America S America S America Cusco Quechua quz Quechua (Cuzco) qcu S America S America S America S America Cutchi-Swahili ccl - - - Africa Africa Africa

35 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Cuvok cuv - - - Africa Africa Africa Cuyamecalco Mix- xtu - - - N America N America N America tec Cuyonon cyo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Cwi Bwamu bwy - - - Africa Africa Africa acy Arabic (Kormak- ako Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia iti) Czech Sign Lan- cse - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Czech ces Czech cze Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dˆaw kwa Dˆaw daw S America S America S America S America Da’a Kaili kzf Da’a daa SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Daai Chin dao - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Daantanai’ lni - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Daasanach dsh Dhaasanac dha Africa Africa Africa Africa Daba dbq Daba dab Africa Africa Africa Africa Dabarre dbr - - - Africa Africa Africa Dabe dbe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dadibi mps Dadibi dad Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dadiya dbd - - - Africa Africa Africa Daga dgz Daga dag Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dagaari Dioula dgd - - - Africa Africa Africa Dagba dgk - - - Africa Africa Africa Dagbani dag Dagbani dgb Africa Africa Africa Africa Dagik dec - - - Africa Africa Africa dgn - - - Australia Australia Australia Dahalo dal Dahalo dah Africa Africa Africa Africa Daho-Doo das - - - Africa Africa Africa Dai Zhuang zhd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dair drb - - - Africa Africa Africa Dakaka bpa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dakka dkk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Dakota dak Dakota dak N America N America N America N America Dakpakha dka - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dalmatian dlm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Daloa B´et´e bev B´et´e Africa Africa Africa Africa Dama dmm - - - Africa Africa Africa Damal uhn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dambi dac - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dameli dml - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dampelas dms - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Damu = Bori = adi Bokar boq SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Adi Bori boj SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gallong gal SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Milang mil SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dan daf Dan dan Africa Africa Africa Africa Dan (Blowo) dbw Africa Africa Africa Africa Danaru dnr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

36 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Danau dnu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dandami Maria daq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dangal´eat daa Dangal´eat (West- dnw Africa Africa Africa Africa ern) Dangaura Tharu thl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Danish Sign Lan- dsl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Danish dan Danish dsh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dano aso - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dao daz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Daonda dnd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dar Daju Daju djc - - - Africa Africa Africa Dar Fur Daju daj Daju (Dar Fur) ddf Africa Africa Africa Africa Dar Sila Daju dau Sila sil Africa Africa Africa Africa Darai dry Darai dar Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dargwa dar Dargwa drg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia prs Dari dri Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Darkhat drh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Darling drl Paakantyi pkn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Darlong dln - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Darmiya drd Darmiya drm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Daro-Matu dro - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Melanau Darwazi drw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dass dot - - - Africa Africa Africa Datooga tcc Datooga dat Africa Africa Africa Africa Daur dta Dagur dgr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Davawenyo daw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Dawawa dww - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dawro dwr Kullo kul Africa Africa Africa Africa Day dai Day day Africa Africa Africa Africa Dayi dax - - - Australia Australia Australia Daza dzd - - - Africa Africa Africa Dazaga dzg Tubu tbu Africa Africa Africa Africa Deccan dcc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dedua ded - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Defaka afn Defaka def Africa Africa Africa Africa Defi Gbe gbh - - - Africa Africa Africa Deg mzw - - - Africa Africa Africa Degaru dgu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Degema deg Degema deg Africa Africa Africa Africa Degenan dge - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Degexit’an ing Degexit’an dgx N America N America N America N America Dehwari deh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dek dek - - - Africa Africa Africa Delo ntr - - - Africa Africa Africa Dem dem - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dema dmx - - - Africa Africa Africa

37 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Demisa dei - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Demta dmy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Demushbo - - - - S America S America S America Den´ı dny Den´ı den S America S America S America S America Dendi (Benin) ddn - - - Africa Africa Africa Dendi (Central deq - - - Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Dengese dez - - - Africa Africa Africa Deno dbb - - - Africa Africa Africa Denya anv - - - Africa Africa Africa Deori der Deuri deu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dera (Indonesia) kbv Dera der Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dera (Nigeria) kna Kanakuru knk Africa Africa Africa Africa Desano des Desano des S America S America S America S America Desiya dso - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dewoin dee - - - Africa Africa Africa Dezfuli def - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dghwede dgh - - - Africa Africa Africa Dhaiso dhs - - - Africa Africa Africa Dhalandji dhl - - - Australia Australia Australia Dhanki dhn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dhanwar (India) dha - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dhanwar () dhw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dhargari dhr Dhargari dhr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Dhatki mki - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dhi Dhimal dhm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dhodia dho - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dhofari Arabic adf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dhudhuroa - - - - Australia Australia Australia Dhundari dhd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dhurga dhu Dhurga dhu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia duj Dhuwal (D¨atiwuy) dda Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Djapu djp Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Dia dia - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dibabawon mbd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Manobo Dibiyaso dby - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dibo dio - - - Africa Africa Africa Dibole bvx Babole bbl Africa Africa Africa Africa Dicamay Agta duy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Didinga did Didinga did Africa Africa Africa Africa Dido ddo Tsez tsz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dieri dif Diyari diy Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Digaro-Mishmi mhu Digaro dig SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Digo dig - - - Africa Africa Africa Dii dur Yag Dii ygd Africa Africa Africa Africa Dijim-Bwilim cfa - - - Africa Africa Africa

38 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Dilling dil - - - Africa Africa Africa Dima jma - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dimasa dis Dimasa dms SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dimbong dii - - - Africa Africa Africa Dime dim Dime dim Africa Africa Africa Africa Dimir dmc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dimli diq Zazaki zaz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ding diz Ding dng Africa Africa Africa Africa Diodio ddi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dirari dit - - - Australia Australia Australia Dirasha gdl - - - Africa Africa Africa Diri dwa - - - Africa Africa Africa Diriku diu - - - Africa Africa Africa Dirim dir - - - Africa Africa Africa Disa dsi - - - Africa Africa Africa Ditammari tbz - - - Africa Africa Africa Diuwe diy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Diuxi-Tilantongo xtd - - - N America N America N America Mixtec Dixon Reef dix - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dizin mdx Dizi diz Africa Africa Africa Africa Djambarrpuyngu djr Djambarrpuyngu djm Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Djamindjung djd Jaminjung jam Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Djangun djf - - - Australia Australia Australia Djauan djn - - - Australia Australia Australia Djawi djw - - - Australia Australia Australia Djeebbana djj Ndj´ebbana ndj Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Djeoromitx´ı jbt Jabut´ı jbt S America S America S America S America Djimini Senoufo dyi Dyimini dym Africa Africa Africa Africa Djinang dji Djinang djn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Djinba djb - - - Australia Australia Australia Djingili jig Djingili dji Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Djiwarli djl - - - Australia Australia Australia Dobel kvo Dobel dob SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dobu dob - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Doe doe - - - Africa Africa Africa Doga dgg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Doghoro dgx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dogos´e dos - - - Africa Africa Africa Dogoso dgs - - - Africa Africa Africa Dogri dgo Dogri dgi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dogrib dgr - - - N America N America N America Dogul Dom Dogon dbg - - - Africa Africa Africa Doka dbi - - - Africa Africa Africa Doko-Uyanga uya - - - Africa Africa Africa Dolgan dlg Dolgan dol Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

39 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Dolpo dre - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dom doa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Domaaki dmk Dumaki dmk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Domari rmt Domari dom Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dombe dov - - - Africa Africa Africa Dominican Sign doq - - - N America N America N America Language Dompo doy - - - Africa Africa Africa Domu dof - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Domung dev - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dondo dok - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Dong doh - - - Africa Africa Africa Dongo doo Dongo dgo Africa Africa Africa Africa Dongotono ddd - - - Africa Africa Africa Dongshanba Lalo yik - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dongxiang sce Santa sta Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Donno So Dogon dds Dogon dds Africa Africa Africa Africa Doondo dde - - - Africa Africa Africa Dorasque - - - - N America N America N America Dori’o dor - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Doromu-Koki kqc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dororo drr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dorze doz - - - Africa Africa Africa Doso dol - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Doutai tds Doutai dou Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Doyayo dow Doyayo doy Africa Africa Africa Africa Drents drt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Drung duu Dulong dul SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Duala dua Duala dua Africa Africa Africa Africa Duano dup - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Duau dva - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dubli dub - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dubu dmu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Duduela duk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dugun ndu - - - Africa Africa Africa Duguri dbm - - - Africa Africa Africa Dugwor dme - - - Africa Africa Africa Duhwa kbz - - - Africa Africa Africa Duit - - - - S America S America S America Duke nke - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dulbu dbo - - - Africa Africa Africa Duli duz - - - Africa Africa Africa Duma dma Duma dma Africa Africa Africa Africa Dumbea duf Paita pta SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dumi dus Dumi dmi SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dumpas dmv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

40 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Dumpu wtf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dumun dui - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Duna duc Duna dun Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dungan dng - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dungmali raa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dungra Bhil duh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dungu dbv - - - Africa Africa Africa Dupaninan Agta duo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Dura drq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Durango Nahuatl nln - - - N America N America N America Duri mvp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Duriankere dbn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Duruma dug - - - Africa Africa Africa Duruwa pci Parji (Dravidian) prd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dusner dsn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dusun Deyah dun - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Dusun Malang duq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Dusun Witu duw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Dutch Sign Lan- dse Nederlandse ned Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Gebarentaal Dutch nld Dutch dut Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dutch (Brabantic) dbr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dutch (Limburg) dli Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Duungooma dux - - - Africa Africa Africa Duupa dae - - - Africa Africa Africa Duvle duv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Duwai dbp - - - Africa Africa Africa Duwet gve - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dwang nnu - - - Africa Africa Africa Dyaabugay dyy dja Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Dyaberdyaber dyb - - - Australia Australia Australia Dyan dya - - - Africa Africa Africa Dyangadi dyn - - - Australia Australia Australia Dyirbal dbl Dyirbal dyi Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Dyugun dyd - - - Australia Australia Australia Dyula dyu Dyula dyu Africa Africa Africa Africa Dz`u`ungoo dnn - - - Africa Africa Africa Dza jen - - - Africa Africa Africa Dzalakha dzl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dzando dzn - - - Africa Africa Africa Dzao Min bpn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dzodinka add - - - Africa Africa Africa dzo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Dzubukua - - - - S America S America S America E eee - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia E’˜napaWoromaipu pbh Panare pnr S America S America S America S America

41 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA E’ma Buyang yzg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia East Berawan zbe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia East Kewa kjs Kewa kew Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia East Limba lma - - - Africa Africa Africa East Makian mky Taba tab SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia East Nyala nle - - - Africa Africa Africa East Tarangan tre - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia East Yugur yuy Shira Yughur shy Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Abnaki aaq - - - N America N America N America Eastern Acipa acp - - - Africa Africa Africa Eastern Apur´ımac qve - - - S America S America S America Quechua Eastern Arrernte aer Arrernte arr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Arrernte (Mparn- amp Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia twe) Eastern Balochi bgp Baluchi blc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Bolivian gui Chiriguano crg S America S America S America S America Guaran´ı Eastern Bru bru Bru (Eastern) bru SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Canadian ike (Quebec- iql N America N America N America N America Inuktitut Labrador) Inuktitut (Salluit) ins N America N America N America N America Eastern Cham cjm Cham (Eastern) cme SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Egyptian avl - - - Africa Africa Africa Bedawi Arabic Eastern Frisian frs Frisian fri Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Frisian (Eastern) fea Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Gorkha tge Tamang tam SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tamang Eastern Gurung ggn Gurung gur SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Highland cly - - - N America N America N America Chatino Eastern Highland otm Otom´ı(Sierra) ots N America N America N America N America Otomi Eastern Hong- zeh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia shuihe Zhuang Eastern Huasteca nhe Nahuatl nhh N America N America N America N America Nahuatl (Huasteca) Eastern Huishui hme - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Eastern Karaboro xrb - - - Africa Africa Africa Eastern Katu ktv Katu ktu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Kayah eky Kayah Li (Eastern) kyl SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Keres kee Keresan (Santa ksa N America N America N America N America Ana) Eastern Krahn kqo - - - Africa Africa Africa Eastern Lalu yit - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Lawa lwl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Magar mgp Magar mag SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern emk Maninka mnk Africa Africa Africa Africa Maninkakan Eastern Mari mhr Mari (Meadow) mme Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Meohang emg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Mnong mng Mnong (Eastern) mge SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Muria emu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Ngad’a nea - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Eastern Nisu nos - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Ojibwa ojg Ojibwa (Eastern) oji N America N America N America N America 42 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Eastern Oromo hae Oromo (Harar) orh Africa Africa Africa Africa Eastern Parbate kif - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kham Eastern Penan pez - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Eastern Pomo peb Pomo (Eastern) pme N America N America N America N America Eastern Qiandong hmq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miao Eastern Tamang taj Tamang tam SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eastern Tawbuid bnj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Eastern Xiangxi muq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miao Eastern Xwla Gbe gbx - - - Africa Africa Africa Eastern ydd Yiddish ydd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yiddish (Bessara- ydb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia bian) Yiddish (Lithua- ylt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nian) Yiddish (Lodz) ydl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ebira igb Ebira ebi Africa Africa Africa Africa Ebri´e ebr - - - Africa Africa Africa Ebughu ebg - - - Africa Africa Africa Ecuadorian Sign ecs - - - S America S America S America Language Ede Cabe cbj - - - Africa Africa Africa Ede Ica ica - - - Africa Africa Africa Ede Idaca idd - - - Africa Africa Africa Ede Ije ijj - - - Africa Africa Africa Ede Nago nqg - - - Africa Africa Africa Edera Awyu awy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Edolo etr Edolo edo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Edopi dbf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Efai efa - - - Africa Africa Africa Efe efe - - - Africa Africa Africa Efik efi Efik efi Africa Africa Africa Africa Efutop ofu - - - Africa Africa Africa Ega ega Ega ega Africa Africa Africa Africa Eggon ego - - - Africa Africa Africa Egypt Sign Lan- esl - - - Africa Africa Africa guage arz Arabic (Egyptian) aeg Africa Africa Africa Africa Ehueun ehu - - - Africa Africa Africa Eipomek eip Eipo eip Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Eitiep eit - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ejagham etu Ejagham eja Africa Africa Africa Africa Ejamat eja - - - Africa Africa Africa Ekajuk eka - - - Africa Africa Africa Ekari ekg Ekari eka Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Eki eki - - - Africa Africa Africa Ekit eke - - - Africa Africa Africa Ekpeye ekp - - - Africa Africa Africa El Alto Zapotec zpp - - - N America N America N America El Hugeirat elh - - - Africa Africa Africa

43 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA El Molo elo - - - Africa Africa Africa El Nayar Cora crn Cora cor N America N America N America N America Elamite elx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eleme elm - - - Africa Africa Africa Elepi ele - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Elip ekm - - - Africa Africa Africa Elkei elk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Elotepec Zapotec zte - - - N America N America N America Eloyi afo - - - Africa Africa Africa Elpaputih elp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Elseng mrf Elseng els Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Emai-Iuleha-Ora ema Ora (in Nigeria) ora Africa Africa Africa Africa Eman emn - - - Africa Africa Africa Embaloh emb Embaloh eml SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ember´a-Baud´o bdc - - - S America S America S America Ember´a-Cat´ıo cto Catio cat S America S America S America S America Ember´a-Cham´ı cmi Embera Chami emc S America S America S America S America Ember´a-Tad´o tdc - - - S America S America S America Embu ebu - - - Africa Africa Africa Emerillon eme - - - S America S America S America Emilian egl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Emok emo - - - S America S America S America Emumu enr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia En enc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Enawen´e-Naw´e unk - - - S America S America S America Ende end - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Enga enq Enga ena Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Engenni enn Engenni egn Africa Africa Africa Africa English English eng Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Enrekang ptt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Enwan (Akwa enw - - - Africa Africa Africa Ibom State) Enwan (Edu State) env - - - Africa Africa Africa Enya gey Enya eny Africa Africa Africa Africa Epena sja Epena Pedee epe S America S America S America S America Epie epi - - - Africa Africa Africa Erave kjy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ere twp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Eritai ert - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Erokwanas erw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Erre err - - - Australia Australia Australia Ersu ers - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eruwa erh - - - Africa Africa Africa Erzya myv Mordvin (Erzya) moe Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Esan ish - - - Africa Africa Africa Ese Ejja ese Ese Ejja ese S America S America S America S America

44 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ese mcq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Eshtehardi esh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Esimbi ags - - - Africa Africa Africa Esperanto epo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Esselen esq Esselen ess N America N America N America N America Estado de M´exico ots - - - N America N America N America Otomi Estonian Sign Lan- eso - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Estonian est Estonian est Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Esuma esm - - - Africa Africa Africa Etebi etb - - - Africa Africa Africa Eten etx - - - Africa Africa Africa Ethiopian Sign eth - - - Africa Africa Africa Language Etkywan ich - - - Africa Africa Africa Eton (Cameroon) eto - - - Africa Africa Africa Etruscan ett - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Etulo utr - - - Africa Africa Africa Evant bzz - - - Africa Africa Africa Even eve Even evn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Evenki evn Evenki eve Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Solon sol Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ewage-Notu nou - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ewe ewe Ewe ewe Africa Africa Africa Africa Ewe (Anglo) ewa Africa Africa Africa Africa Ewondo ewo Ewondo ewo Africa Africa Africa Africa Extremaduran ext - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eyak eya Eyak eya N America N America N America N America Fagani faf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Faire Atta azt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Faiwol fai - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fala fax - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Falam Chin cfm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Fali fli - - - Africa Africa Africa Fam fam - - - Africa Africa Africa Fanagalo fng - - - Africa Africa Africa Fang (Cameroon) fak - - - Africa Africa Africa Fang (Equatorial fan - - - Africa Africa Africa Guinea) Fania fni - - - Africa Africa Africa Far Western Muria fmu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Farefare gur Gurenne grn Africa Africa Africa Africa Fas fqs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fasu faa Fasu fas Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fataluku ddg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Fayu fau - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fe’fe’ fmp Fe’fe’ fef Africa Africa Africa Africa Fembe agl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

45 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Feroge fer - - - Africa Africa Africa Hindi hif - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fijian fij Fijian fij SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Filipino fil - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Filomena Mata- tlp - - - N America N America N America Coahuitl´an To- tonac Finallig bkb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Finland-Swedish fss - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sign Language Finnish Sign Lan- fse Finnish Sign Lan- fsl Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage Finnish fin Finnish fin Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Finongan fag - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fipa fip - - - Africa Africa Africa Firan fir - - - Africa Africa Africa Fiwaga fiw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Flinders Island fln - - - Australia Australia Australia Foau flh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Foi foi Foe foe Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Folopa ppo Podopa pdp Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Foma fom - - - Africa Africa Africa Fon fon Fongbe fon Africa Africa Africa Africa Fongoro fgr - - - Africa Africa Africa Foodo fod - - - Africa Africa Africa Forak frq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fordata frd Fordata frd SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fore for Fore for Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Forest Enets enf Enets ene Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Forest Maninka myq - - - Africa Africa Africa Fortsenal frt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Francisco Le´on zos Zoque (Francisco zfl N America N America N America N America Zoque Le´on) Franco-Proven¸cal frp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Frankish frk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia French Sign Lan- fsl Langue des Signes lsf Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Fran¸caise French fra French fre Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Friulian fur - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Fuliiru flr - - - Africa Africa Africa Fulniˆo fun Fulniˆo ful S America S America S America S America Fum fum - - - Africa Africa Africa Fungwa ula - - - Africa Africa Africa Fur fvr Fur fur Africa Africa Africa Africa Furu fuu Bagiro bgr Africa Africa Africa Africa Fuyug fuy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fwˆai fwa Po-Ai poa SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Fwe fwe - - - Africa Africa Africa Fyam pym Fyem fye Africa Africa Africa Africa Fyer fie - - - Africa Africa Africa ¨uenoa - - - - S America S America S America

46 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA G¨uil´aZapotec ztu - - - N America N America N America Ga gaa G˜a ga Africa Africa Africa Africa Ga’anda gqa Ga’anda gnd Africa Africa Africa Africa Ga’dang gdg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Gaa ttb - - - Africa Africa Africa Gaam tbi Ingessana igs Africa Africa Africa Africa Gabri gab - - - Africa Africa Africa Gabutamon gav - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gadang gdk - - - Africa Africa Africa Gaddang gad - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Gaddi gbk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gade Lohar gda - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gade ged Gade gad Africa Africa Africa Africa Gadjerawang gdh - - - Australia Australia Australia Gadsup gaj Gadsup gds Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gafat gft - - - Africa Africa Africa Gagadu gbu gaa Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gagauz gag Gagauz gag Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gagnoa B´et´e btg - - - Africa Africa Africa Gagu ggu - - - Africa Africa Africa Gahri bfu Gahri ghr SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gaikundi gbf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gail gic - - - Africa Africa Africa Gaina gcn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gal gap - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Galambu glo - - - Africa Africa Africa Galela gbi Galela gll Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Galeya gar - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Galibi Carib car Carib car S America S America S America S America Galice gce - - - N America N America N America Galician glg Galician glc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gallurese Sar- sdn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dinian Galo adl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Galoli gal - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Gamale Kham kgj Kham kmh SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gambera gma - - - Australia Australia Australia Gambian Wolof wof - - - Africa Africa Africa Gamilaraay kld Gamilaraay gml Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yuwaalaraay yuw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gamit gbl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gamkonora gak - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gamo gmv Gamo gam Africa Africa Africa Africa Gamo-Ningi bte - - - Africa Africa Africa gan - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gana gnq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

47 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ganai ihw - - - Australia Australia Australia Ganang gne - - - Africa Africa Africa Ganda lug lda Africa Africa Africa Africa Gane gzn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ganggalida gcd yuk Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ganglau ggl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gangte gnb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia gnl - - - Australia Australia Australia Gants gao - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ganza gza - - - Africa Africa Africa Ganzi gnz - - - Africa Africa Africa Gapapaiwa pwg Gapapaiwa gap SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Garawa gbc Garrwa grr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Garhwali gbm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Garifuna cab Gar´ıfuna grf S America N America N America N America Garig-Ilgar ilg - - - Australia Australia Australia Garo grt Garo gar SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Garre gex - - - Africa Africa Africa Garus gyb Garus grs Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gata’ gaq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gavar gou - - - Africa Africa Africa Gavi˜ao Do Ji- gvo Gavi˜ao gav S America S America S America S America paran´a Gawar-Bati gwt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gawwada gwd Dullay (Gollango) dug Africa Africa Africa Africa Gayil gyl - - - Africa Africa Africa Gayo gay Gayo gay SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Gazi gzi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gbagyi gbr Gwari gwa Africa Africa Africa Africa Gbanu gbv - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbanziri gbg - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbari gby Gwari gwa Africa Africa Africa Africa Gbati-ri gti - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbaya (Sudan) krs Kresh kre Africa Africa Africa Africa Gbaya-Bossangoa gbp Gbeya Bossangoa gbb Africa Africa Africa Africa Gbaya-Bozoum gbq - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbaya-Mbodomo gmm Mbodomo mdo Africa Africa Africa Africa Gbayi gyg - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbesi Gbe gbs - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbii ggb - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbiri-Niragu grh - - - Africa Africa Africa Gboloo Grebo gec - - - Africa Africa Africa Ge hmj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Geba Karen kvq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gedaged gdd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gedeo drs - - - Africa Africa Africa

48 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Geez gez - - - Africa Africa Africa Geico - - - - S America S America S America Geji gji - - - Africa Africa Africa Geko Karen ghk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gela nlg Gela gel SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gelao gio Gelao gla SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Geme geq - - - Africa Africa Africa Gen gej - - - Africa Africa Africa Gende gaf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gengle geg - - - Africa Africa Africa Gengle-Kugama kow - - - Africa Africa Africa Georgian kat Georgian geo Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gera gew - - - Africa Africa Africa German Sign Lan- gsg Deutsche dge Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Geb¨ardensprache German deu German ger Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia German (Berlin) gbl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia German (Han- gha Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nover) German (Mans- gma Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia feldisch) German gth Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Thuringian) German gti Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Timisoara) Geruma gea - - - Africa Africa Africa Geser-Gorom ges - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gey guv - - - Africa Africa Africa Ghadam`es gha - - - Africa Africa Africa Ghanaian Sign gse - - - Africa Africa Africa Language Ghanongga ghn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ghari gri - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ghayavi bmk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia aln Albanian alb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ghera ghr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ghodoberi gdo Godoberi god Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ghom´al´a’ bbj - - - Africa Africa Africa Ghomara gho - - - Africa Africa Africa Ghotuo aaa Ghotuo gho Africa Africa Africa Africa Ghulfan ghl Nubian (Hill) nbh Africa Africa Africa Africa Giangan bgi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Gibanawa gib - - - Africa Africa Africa Gidar gid Gidar gdr Africa Africa Africa Africa Giiwo kks - - - Africa Africa Africa Gikyode acd - - - Africa Africa Africa Gilaki glk Gilaki gil Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gilima gix - - - Africa Africa Africa Gilyak niv Nivkh niv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nivkh (South nvs Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sakhalin) Gimi (Eastern gim - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Highlands)

49 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Gimi (West New gip - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Britain) Gimme kmp - - - Africa Africa Africa Gimnime gmn - - - Africa Africa Africa Ginuman gnm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ginyanga ayg - - - Africa Africa Africa Girawa bbr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Giryama nyf - - - Africa Africa Africa Gitonga toh - - - Africa Africa Africa Gitua ggt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gitxsan git Gitksan git N America N America N America N America Giyug giy - - - Australia Australia Australia Gizrra tof - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Glaro-Twabo glr - - - Africa Africa Africa Glavda glw - - - Africa Africa Africa Glio-Oubi oub - - - Africa Africa Africa Gnau gnu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Goan Konkani gom - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Goaria gig - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gobasi goi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gobu gox - - - Africa Africa Africa Godi´e god Godi´e gdi Africa Africa Africa Africa Godwari gdx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Goemai ank Goemai goe Africa Africa Africa Africa Gofa gof - - - Africa Africa Africa Gogo gog - - - Africa Africa Africa Gogodala ggw Gogodala gog Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gokana gkn Gokana gok Africa Africa Africa Africa Gola gol Gola gol Africa Africa Africa Africa Golin gvf Golin gln Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gone Dau goo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gongduk goe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gonja gjn - - - Africa Africa Africa gni Gooniyandi goo Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gor gqr - - - Africa Africa Africa Gorakor goc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gorap goq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gorontalo gor Gorontalo grt SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Gorovu grq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gorowa gow Gorowa gor Africa Africa Africa Africa Gothic got - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Goundo goy - - - Africa Africa Africa Gourmanch´ema gux Gurma grm Africa Africa Africa Africa Gurma () gut Africa Africa Africa Africa Gowlan goj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gowli gok - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

50 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Gowro gwf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gozarkhani goz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Grangali nli - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Grass Koiari kbk Koiari koi Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Greek Sign Lan- gss Greek Sign Lan- gsl Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage Green Gelao giq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gresi grs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Groma gro - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gronings gos - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gros Ventre ats - - - N America N America N America Gua gwx - - - Africa Africa Africa Guachi - - - - S America S America S America Guadeloupean gcf Guadeloupe Creole gdl Other N America N America N America Creole French Lesser Antillean lcr Other N America N America N America French Creole Martinique Creole mqc Other N America N America N America Guahibo guh Guahibo ghb S America S America S America S America Sikuani skn S America S America S America S America Guaicurian - - - - N America N America N America Guaj´a gvj - - - S America S America S America Guajaj´ara gub gjj S America S America S America S America Guambiano gum Guambiano gmb S America S America S America S America Guamo - - - - S America S America S America Guana () gqn - - - S America S America S America Guana (Paraguay) gva Guana gna S America S America S America S America Guanano gvc Guanano gno S America S America S America S America Guanche gnc - - - Africa Africa Africa Guanyinqiao jiq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Guarayu gyr - - - S America S America S America Guarequena gae Warekena wrk S America S America S America S America Guaru - - - - S America S America S America Guat´o gta Guat´o gto S America S America S America S America Guatemalan Sign gsm - - - N America N America N America Language Guayabero guo Guayabero gyb S America S America S America S America nji - - - Australia Australia Australia Gude gde Gude gud Africa Africa Africa Africa - - - - Australia Australia Australia Gudu gdu - - - Africa Africa Africa Guduf-Gava gdf Guduf gdf Africa Africa Africa Africa Gueren - - - - S America S America S America Guerrero Amuzgo amu Amuzgo amz N America N America N America N America Guerrero Nahuatl ngu Nahuatl (Xalitla) nhx N America N America N America N America Guevea De Hum- zpg - - - N America N America N America boldt Zapotec Gugadj ggd - - - Australia Australia Australia Gugu Badhun gdc - - - Australia Australia Australia Gugu Warra wrw - - - Australia Australia Australia

51 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Gugubera kkp - - - Australia Australia Australia Guguyimidjir kky Guugu Yimidhirr guu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Guhu-Samane ghs Guhu-Samane guh Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guianese Creole gcr Guianese French gfr Other S America S America S America French Creole Guibei Zhuang zgb Zhuang (Northern) zhn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Guiberoua B´ete bet - - - Africa Africa Africa Guibian Zhuang zgn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Guinau - - - - S America S America S America Guinea Kpelle gkp - - - Africa Africa Africa Guinean Sign Lan- gus - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Guiqiong gqi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gujarati guj Gujarati guj Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gujari gju Gojri goj Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gula (Central kcm - - - Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Gula (Chad) glu Gula (in Central gul Africa Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Gula Iro glj Gula Iro gir Africa Africa Africa Africa Gulay gvl - - - Africa Africa Africa Gule gly - - - Africa Africa Africa afb Arabic (Gulf) arg Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Guliguli gli - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gumalu gmu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gumatj gnn Gumatj gmt Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gumawana gvs Gumawana gmw SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gumuz guk Gumuz gmz Africa Africa Africa Africa Gun guw - - - Africa Africa Africa Gundi gdi - - - Africa Africa Africa Gungabula gyf - - - Australia Australia Australia Gungu rub - - - Africa Africa Africa Guntai gnt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia gup Gun-Wok bbw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gunya gyy Gunya gny Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gupa-Abawa gpa - - - Africa Africa Africa Gupapuyngu guf - - - Australia Australia Australia Guragone gge Gurr-goni grg Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Guramalum grz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gurani hac Hawrami hwr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gurdjar gdj - - - Australia Australia Australia Gureng Gureng gnr Gureng Gureng ggu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gurgula ggg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Guriaso grx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gurinji gue Gurindji gji Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Gurmana gvm - - - Africa Africa Africa Guro goa Guro gro Africa Africa Africa Africa Guruntum-Mbaaru grd - - - Africa Africa Africa Gusan gsn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

52 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Gusii guz Gusii gus Africa Africa Africa Africa Gusilay gsl - - - Africa Africa Africa Guwa - - - - Australia Australia Australia Guwamu gwu - - - Australia Australia Australia Guwar - - - - Australia Australia Australia Guya gka - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guyanese Creole gyn - - - S America S America S America English Guyani gvy - - - Australia Australia Australia Gvoko ngs - - - Africa Africa Africa Gwa gwb - - - Africa Africa Africa Gwahatike dah - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gwamhi-Wuri bga - - - Africa Africa Africa Gwandara gwn - - - Africa Africa Africa Gweda grw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Gweno gwe - - - Africa Africa Africa Gwere gwr - - - Africa Africa Africa Gwich’in gwi Kutchin kth N America N America N America N America Gyele gyi - - - Africa Africa Africa Gyem gye - - - Africa Africa Africa ´ertevin hrt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia H˜one juh - - - Africa Africa Africa Ha haq - - - Africa Africa Africa Habu hbu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Hadiyya hdy - - - Africa Africa Africa Hadothi hoj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hadrami Arabic ayh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hadza hts Hadza had Africa Africa Africa Africa Haeke aek - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hai//om hgm - - - Africa Africa Africa Haigwai hgw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hainyaxo Bozo bzx - - - Africa Africa Africa Haiphong Sign haf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Haisla has Haisla hsl N America N America N America N America Haitian Vodoun hvc - - - N America N America N America Culture Language Haitian hat Haitian Creole hcr Other N America N America N America Haji hji - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Hajong haj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Haka Chin cnh Lai lai SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia hak Hakka hak SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Halang Doan hld - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Halang hal Halang hln SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Halbi hlb Halbi hlb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Halh Mongolian khk Khalkha kha Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia hur Halkomelem hlu N America N America N America N America Hamba hba - - - Africa Africa Africa

53 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Hamer-Banna amf Hamer hmr Africa Africa Africa Africa Hamtai hmt Hamtai ham Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Han haa - - - N America N America N America Hanga Hundi wos Hanga Hundi hhu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hanga hag - - - Africa Africa Africa Hangaza han - - - Africa Africa Africa Hani hni Hani han SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hanoi Sign Lan- hab - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Hanunoo hnn Hanun´oo hnn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Harari har Harari hrr Africa Africa Africa Africa Haraza - - - - Africa Africa Africa Harijan Kinnauri kjo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Haroi hro - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Harsusi hss Harsusi hrs Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Haruai tmd Haruai har Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Haruku hrk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Haryanvi bgc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Harzani hrz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hasha ybj - - - Africa Africa Africa Hassaniyya mey Arabic (Bani- ahs Africa Africa Africa Africa Hassan) Hatam had Hatam hat Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hattic xht - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hausa Sign Lan- hsl - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Hausa hau Hausa hau Africa Africa Africa Africa Havasupai- yuf Havasupai hav N America N America N America N America Walapai-Yavapai Hualapai hlp N America N America N America N America Yavapai yav N America N America N America N America Haveke hvk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Havu hav - - - Africa Africa Africa Hawai’i Creole En- hwc Hawaiian Creole hwc Other N America N America N America glish Hawai’i Pidgin hps - - - N America N America N America Sign Language Hawaiian haw Hawaiian haw SE Asia & O N America N America N America Hawkesbury - - - - Australia Australia Australia Haya hay Haya hya Africa Africa Africa Africa Hazaragi haz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hdi xed Hdi hdi Africa Africa Africa Africa Hebrew heb Hebrew (Modern hba Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ashenazic) Hebrew (Modern) heb Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hehe heh Hehe heh Africa Africa Africa Africa Heiban hbn - - - Africa Africa Africa Heiltsuk hei Heiltsuk hei N America N America N America N America Helambu Sherpa scp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Helong heg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Hema nix - - - Africa Africa Africa Hemba hem Hemba hem Africa Africa Africa Africa

54 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Herd´e hed - - - Africa Africa Africa Herero her Herero her Africa Africa Africa Africa Hewa ham - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Heyo auk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hiberno-Scottish ghc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gaelic Hibito hib - - - S America S America S America Hidatsa hid Hidatsa hid N America N America N America N America Higaonon mba - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Highland Konjo kjk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Highland chd Chontal (High- cho N America N America N America N America Chontal land) Highland Popoluca poi Zoque (Soteapan) zqs N America N America N America N America Highland Puebla azz Nahuatl (Sierra de nsz N America N America N America N America Nahuatl Zacapoaxtla) Highland Totonac tos Totonac (Sierra) tos N America N America N America N America Hijazi Arabic acw Arabic (Hijazi) arh Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hijuk hij - - - Africa Africa Africa Hiligaynon hil Hiligaynon hil SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Himarim˜a hir - - - S America S America S America Hindi hin Hindi hin Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hinduri hii - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hinukh gin Hinukh hnk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hiri Motu hmo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hitu htu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hixkary´ana hix Hixkaryana hix S America S America S America S America Hlai lic - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hlepho Phowa yhl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmar hmr Hmar hma SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Dˆo hmv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Daw mww Hmong Daw hmd SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Don hmf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Njua hnj Hmong Njua hmo SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Shua hmz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmwaveke mrk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ho Chi Minh City hos - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sign Language Ho hoc Ho ho Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ho-Chunk win Winnebago wnb N America N America N America N America Hoan - - - - Africa Africa Africa Hoava hoa Hoava hoa SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hoby´ot hoh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Holikachuk hoi - - - N America N America N America Holiya hoy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Holma hod - - - Africa Africa Africa Holoholo hoo Holoholo hol Africa Africa Africa Africa Holu hol - - - Africa Africa Africa Homa hom - - - Africa Africa Africa Honduras Sign hds - - - N America N America N America Language

55 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Honi how - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hopi hop Hopi hop N America N America N America N America Horned Miao hrm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Horo hor - - - Africa Africa Africa Horom hoe - - - Africa Africa Africa Horpa ero - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Horuru hrr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hote hot - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hoti hti - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hovongan hov - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Hozo hoz - - - Africa Africa Africa Hpon hpo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hrangkhol hra - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hre hre Hre hre SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hruso hru - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hu huo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Huachipaeri hug - - - S America S America S America Huallaga Hu´anuco qub - - - S America S America S America Quechua Huamal´ıes-Dos de qvh Quechua (Hual- qhu S America S America S America S America Mayo Hu´anuco laga) Quechua Huambisa hub Huambisa hmb S America S America S America S America Huarijio var Guarij´ıo grj N America N America N America N America Huastec hus Huastec htc N America N America N America N America Huautla Mazatec mau Mazatec (Huautla) mzh N America N America N America N America Huaxcaleca Nahu- nhq - - - N America N America N America atl Huaylas Ancash qwh - - - S America S America S America Quechua Huaylla Wanca qvw - - - S America S America S America Quechua Huba hbb Kilba klb Africa Africa Africa Africa Huehuetla Tepehua tee - - - N America N America N America Huetar - - - - N America N America N America Huichol hch Huichol hui N America N America N America N America Huilliche huh - - - S America S America S America Huitepec Mixtec mxs - - - N America N America N America czh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hukumina huw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hula hul - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hulaul´a huy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Huli hui - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Humburi Senni hmb - - - Africa Africa Africa Songhay Humene huf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Humla hut - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hun-Saare dud Duka duk Africa Africa Africa Africa Hunde hke Hunde hnd Africa Africa Africa Africa Hung hnu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hungana hum - - - Africa Africa Africa Hungarian Sign hsh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language

56 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Hungarian hun Hungarian hun Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hungworo - - - Africa Africa Africa Hunjara-Kaina Ke hkk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hunzib huz Hunzib hzb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hupa hup Hupa hup N America N America N America N America Hupd¨e jup Hupda hpd S America S America S America S America Hupla hap - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Hurrian xhu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hutterite German geh - - - N America N America N America Hwana hwo - - - Africa Africa Africa Hya hya - - - Africa Africa Africa Hyam jab - - - Africa Africa Africa I-Wak iwk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia I˜napari inp - - - S America S America S America Iamalele yml - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iapama iap - - - S America S America S America Iatmul ian Iatmul iat Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iau tmu Iau iau Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ibali Teke tek - - - Africa Africa Africa Ibaloi ibl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Iban iba Iban iba SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ibanag ibg Ibanag ibn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ibani iby - - - Africa Africa Africa Iberian xib - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ibibio ibb Ibibio ibi Africa Africa Africa Africa Ibilo ibi - - - Africa Africa Africa Ibino ibn - - - Africa Africa Africa Ibu ibu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ibuoro ibr - - - Africa Africa Africa Icelandic Sign Lan- icl Icelandic Sign Lan- ics Other N America Eurasia N America guage guage Icelandic isl Icelandic ice Eurasia N America Eurasia N America Iceve-Maci bec - - - Africa Africa Africa Ida’an dbj Begak-Ida’an beg SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Idakho-Isukha- ida - - - Africa Africa Africa Tiriki Idat´e idt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Idere ide - - - Africa Africa Africa Idesa ids - - - Africa Africa Africa Idi idi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Idoma idu Idoma ido Africa Africa Africa Africa Idon idc - - - Africa Africa Africa Idu-Mishmi clk Idu idu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Idun ldb - - - Africa Africa Africa Iduna viv Iduna idn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia If`e ife - - - Africa Africa Africa Igala igl - - - Africa Africa Africa

57 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Igana igg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Igbo ibo Igbo igb Africa Africa Africa Africa Igede ige Igede ige Africa Africa Africa Africa Ignaciano ign Ignaciano ign S America S America S America S America Igo ahl - - - Africa Africa Africa Iguta nar - - - Africa Africa Africa Igwe igw - - - Africa Africa Africa Iha Based Pidgin ihb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iha ihp Iha iha Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ihievbe ihi - - - Africa Africa Africa Ija-Zuba vki - - - Africa Africa Africa Ik ikx Ik ik Africa Africa Africa Africa Ika ikk - - - Africa Africa Africa Ikizu ikz - - - Africa Africa Africa Iko iki - - - Africa Africa Africa Ikobi-Mena meb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ikoma-Nata-Isenye ntk - - - Africa Africa Africa txi - - - S America S America S America Ikpeshi ikp - - - Africa Africa Africa Ikposo kpo Kposo kpo Africa Africa Africa Africa Iku-Gora-Ankwa ikv - - - Africa Africa Africa ikl - - - Africa Africa Africa Ikwere ikw - - - Africa Africa Africa Ila ilb Ila ila Africa Africa Africa Africa Ile Ape ila - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ili Turki ili - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ilianen Manobo mbi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Iloko ilo Ilocano ilo SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ilongot ilk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ilue ilv - - - Africa Africa Africa Ilwana mlk - - - Africa Africa Africa Imbabura High- qvi Quechua (Im- qim S America S America S America S America land Quichua babura) Imbongu imo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Imeraguen ime - - - Africa Africa Africa Imonda imn Imonda imo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Inabaknon abx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Inapang mzu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia smn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Indian Sign Lan- ins Indo-Pakistani ipi Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Sign Language (Indian dialects) Indo-Portuguese idb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Indonesian Bajau bdl Bajau baj SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Indonesian Sign inl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Language Indonesian ind Indonesian ind SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Indonesian inj SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia (Jakarta) Indri idr - - - Africa Africa Africa

58 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA mvy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Inebu One oin - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Inese˜no inz Chumash (Inese˜no) cin N America N America N America N America Inga inb Inga iga S America S America S America S America Ingain - - - - S America S America S America Ingrian izh Izhor izh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ingush inh Ingush ing Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Inlaod Itneg iti - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Inoke-Yate ino - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Inonhan loc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Inor ior - - - Africa Africa Africa nkf Kabui kbi SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Interlingua (Inter- ina - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia national Auxiliary Language Associa- tion) Intha int - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Iowa-Oto iow Oto oto N America N America N America N America Ipalapa Amuzgo azm - - - N America N America N America Ipiko ipo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ipili ipi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ipulo ass - - - Africa Africa Africa Iquito iqu Iquito iqu S America S America S America S America Ir irr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ir´antxe irn Iranxe irx S America S America S America S America Iranun ill - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Iraqw irk Iraqw irq Africa Africa Africa Africa Irarutu irh Irarutu irr SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iraya iry - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Iresim ire - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iriga Bicolano bto - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Irigwe iri - - - Africa Africa Africa Irish Sign Lan- isg Irish Sign Lan- irs Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage Irish gle Irish iri Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Irish (Donegal) ird Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Irish (Munster) irm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Irula iru - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Isabi isa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Isanzu isn - - - Africa Africa Africa Isarog Agta agk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Isconahua isc - - - S America S America S America Isebe igo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Isekiri its Isekiri ise Africa Africa Africa Africa Isinai inn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Island Carib crb - - - N America N America N America Isnag isd Isnag isn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Isoko iso Isoko iso Africa Africa Africa Africa Israeli Sign Lan- isr Israeli Sign Lan- iss Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage

59 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Isthmus Mixe mir - - - N America N America N America zai Zapotec (Isthmus) zai N America N America N America N America Isthmus- nhk - - - N America N America N America Cosoleacaque Nahuatl Isthmus- nhx Nahuatl (Mecaya- nmi N America N America N America N America Mecayapan Nahu- pan Isthmus) atl Isthmus-Pajapan nhp Nahuatl (Pajapan) npa N America N America N America N America Nahuatl Istriot ist - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Istro Romanian ruo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Isu (Fako Division) szv - - - Africa Africa Africa Isu (Menchum Di- isu - - - Africa Africa Africa vision) Italian Sign Lan- ise Lingua Italiana dei lii Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Segni Italian ita Italian ita Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Italian ifi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Fiorentino) Itawit itv Itawis itw SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Itelmen itl Itelmen ite Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Itene ite - - - S America S America S America Iteri itr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Itik itx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ito itw - - - Africa Africa Africa Itonama ito Itonama ito S America S America S America S America Itu Mbon Uzo itm - - - Africa Africa Africa Itundujia Mixtec mce - - - N America N America N America Itz´a itz Itzaj itz N America N America N America N America Iu Mien ium Mien mie SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ivbie North- atg - - - Africa Africa Africa Okpela-Arhe Iwaidja ibd Iwaidja iwa Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Iwal kbm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iwam iwm Iwam iwm Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iwur iwo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ixcatec ixc Ixcatec ixc N America N America N America N America Ixcatl´anMazatec mzi - - - N America N America N America Ixil ixl Ixil ixi N America N America N America N America Ixtayutla Mixtec vmj - - - N America N America N America Ixtenco Otomi otz Otom´ı(Ixtenco) oix N America N America N America N America Iyayu iya - - - Africa Africa Africa Iyive uiv - - - Africa Africa Africa Iyo nca - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Iyo’wujwa Chorote crq Chorote crt S America S America S America S America Iyojwa’ja Chorote crt Chorote crt S America S America S America S America Izere izr - - - Africa Africa Africa Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo- izi Izi izi Africa Africa Africa Africa Mgbo Izon ijc Ijo (Kolokuma) ijo Africa Africa Africa Africa Izora cbo - - - Africa Africa Africa ´uma jua J´uma jum S America S America S America S America Jad jda - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jadgali jdg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

60 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Jah Hut jah - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jahanka jad - - - Africa Africa Africa Jair Awyu awv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Jakati jat - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jakun jak - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jalapa De D´ıaz maj - - - N America N America N America Mazatec Jalkunan bxl - - - Africa Africa Africa Jamaican Country jcs - - - N America N America N America Sign Language Jamaican Creole jam Jamaican Creole jcr Other N America N America N America English Jamamad´ı jaa Banaw´a bna S America S America S America S America jmm S America S America S America S America Jarawara jwr S America S America S America S America Malay jax - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Jamiltepec Mixtec mxt Mixtec (Jamilte- mja N America N America N America N America pec) Jamsay Dogon djm - - - Africa Africa Africa Jan-Awei - - - - Africa Africa Africa Jandavra jnd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jangkang djo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Jangshung jna Zhang-Zhung zha SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Janji jni - - - Africa Africa Africa Japanese Sign Lan- jsl Nihon Shuwa nih Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage (Japanese Sign Language) Japanese jpn Japanese jpn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Japrer´ıa jru Japreria jpr S America S America S America S America Jaqaru jqr Jaqaru jaq S America S America S America S America Jara jaf - - - Africa Africa Africa Jarai jra - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jarawa (India) anq Jarawa (in An- jrw SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia damans) Jarawa (Nigeria) jar Jarawa (in Nigeria) jar Africa Africa Africa Africa Jaru ddj Djaru djr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Jauja Wanca qxw - - - S America S America S America Quechua Jaunsari jns - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Javanese jav Javanese jav SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Jawe jaz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Jaya jyy - - - Africa Africa Africa Jebero jeb Jebero jeb S America S America S America S America Jeh jeh Jeh jeh SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jehai jhi Jahai jah SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jemez tow Jemez jem N America N America N America N America Jenaama Bozo bze - - - Africa Africa Africa Jeng jeg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jennu Kurumba xuj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jere jer - - - Africa Africa Africa Jeri Kuo jek Jeli jel Africa Africa Africa Africa Jerung jee - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jesuit-Maynas - - - - S America S America S America

61 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Jewish Babylonian tmr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aramaic (ca. 200- 1200 CE) Jiamao jio - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jiarong jya Jiarong jia SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jiba juo - - - Africa Africa Africa Jibu jib - - - Africa Africa Africa Jicarilla Apache apj Apache (Jicarilla) apj N America N America N America N America Jiiddu jii - - - Africa Africa Africa Jilbe jie - - - Africa Africa Africa Jilim jil - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Jimi (Cameroon) jim - - - Africa Africa Africa Jimi (Nigeria) jmi - - - Africa Africa Africa Jina jia - - - Africa Africa Africa Jinyu Chinese cjy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jiongnai Bunu pnu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jirajaran - Ayom´an ayo S America S America S America S America Jirel jul - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jiru jrr - - - Africa Africa Africa Jita jit - - - Africa Africa Africa Jju kaj - - - Africa Africa Africa Joaquiniano - - - - S America S America S America Joba job - - - Africa Africa Africa Jola-Fonyi dyo Diola-Fogny dio Africa Africa Africa Africa Jola-Kasa csk - - - Africa Africa Africa Jonkor Bour- jeu - - - Africa Africa Africa mataguil Jor´a jor - - - S America S America S America Jordanian Sign jos - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Jorto jrt - - - Africa Africa Africa Jowulu jow - - - Africa Africa Africa Ju juu - - - Africa Africa Africa Ju/’hoan ktz Ju—’hoan juh Africa Africa Africa Africa Juang jun Juang jun Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Judeo-Berber jbe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Judeo-Georgian jge - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Judeo-Iraqi Arabic yhd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Judeo-Italian itk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Judeo-Moroccan aju - - - Africa Africa Africa Arabic Judeo-Persian jpr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Judeo-Tat jdt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Judeo- yud - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tripolitanian Arabic Judeo-Tunisian ajt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arabic Judeo-Yemeni Ara- jye - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia bic Jukun Takum jbu Jukun juk Africa Africa Africa Africa Jumana - - - - S America S America S America Jumjum jum - - - Africa Africa Africa Jumli jml - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

62 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Jungle Inga inj - - - S America S America S America Jupua - - - - S America S America S America Juquila Mixe mxq - - - N America N America N America Jur Modo bex Jur M¨od¨o jmo Africa Africa Africa Africa Jur´una jur Juruna jrn S America S America S America S America Juray juy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Jurchen juc Jurchen jur Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Juri - - - - S America S America S America Jutish jut - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Juwal mwb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Juxtlahuaca Mix- vmc - - - N America N America N America tec Jwira-Pepesa jwi - - - Africa Africa Africa K’iche’ quc Quich´e qch N America N America N America N America K¨olsch ksh German (Ripuar- grp Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ian) K´el´e keb - - - Africa Africa Africa Kˆate kmg Kˆate kat Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaamba xku - - - Africa Africa Africa Kaan ldl - - - Africa Africa Africa Kaansa gna - - - Africa Africa Africa Kaba ksp - - - Africa Africa Africa Kabalai kvf - - - Africa Africa Africa Kabardian kbd Kabardian kab Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kabatei xkp Kabatei kbt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kabikabi - - - - Australia Australia Australia Kabix´ı xbx - - - S America S America S America Kabiy´e kbp Kabiy´e kby Africa Africa Africa Africa Kabore One onk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaburi uka - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kabutra kbu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kabuverdianu kea - - - Africa Africa Africa Kabwa cwa - - - Africa Africa Africa Kabwari kcw - - - Africa Africa Africa Kabyle kab Kabyle kbl Africa Africa Africa Africa Kachama-Ganjule kcx - - - Africa Africa Africa Kachari xac Kachari kac SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kachchi kfr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kachi Koli gjk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kachin kac Jingpho jng SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kacipo-Balesi koe Baale blj Africa Africa Africa Africa Kaco’ xkk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kadar kej - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kadara kad - - - Africa Africa Africa Kadaru kdu - - - Africa Africa Africa Kadiw´eu kbc Kadiw´eu kdw S America S America S America S America Kado kdv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

63 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kaduo ktp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kafa kbr Kefa kef Africa Africa Africa Africa Kag-Fer-Jiir-Koor- gel - - - Africa Africa Africa Ror-Us-Zuksun Kagan Kalagan kll - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kagate syw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kagayanen cgc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kagoma kdm Kagoma kgm Africa Africa Africa Africa Kagoro xkg - - - Africa Africa Africa Kagulu kki Kaguru kgr Africa Africa Africa Africa Kahe hka - - - Africa Africa Africa Kahua agw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaian kct Kaian kai Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaibobo kzb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaidipang kzp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kaiep kbw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaikadi kep - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kaike kzq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kaiku kkq - - - Africa Africa Africa Kaimb´e xai - - - S America S America S America Kaimbulawa zka - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia kgp Kaingang kng S America S America S America S America Kairak ckr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kairiru kxa Kairiru krr SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kairui-Midiki krd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kais kzm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaishana - - - - S America S America S America Kaivi kce - - - Africa Africa Africa Kaiw´a kgk Kaiw´a kaw S America S America S America S America Kaiy tcq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kajakse ckq - - - Africa Africa Africa Kajali xkj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kajaman kag - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kakabai kqf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kakabe kke - - - Africa Africa Africa Kakanda kka - - - Africa Africa Africa Kakauhua kbf - - - S America S America S America Kaki Ae tbd Kaki Ae kae Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kakihum kxe - - - Africa Africa Africa Kako kkj - - - Africa Africa Africa Kakwa keo - - - Africa Africa Africa Kalaallisut kal Greenlandic (East) gre N America N America Eurasia N America Greenlandic gso N America N America Eurasia N America (South) Greenlandic grw N America N America Eurasia N America (West) Kalabakan kve - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kalabari ijn - - - Africa Africa Africa

64 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kalabra kzz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kalagan kqe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kalaktang Monpa kkf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kalam kmh Kalam klq Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kalami gwc Kalami kal Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kalams´e knz - - - Africa Africa Africa Kalanga kck Kalanga klz Africa Africa Africa Africa Kalapuya kyl Kalapuya klp N America N America N America N America Kalarko kba - - - Australia Australia Australia Kalasha kls Kalasha klh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kalenjin kln - - - Africa Africa Africa Kalispel-Pend fla Kalispel kls N America N America N America N America d’Oreille Kalkoti xka - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kalkutung ktg kgu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kalmyk xal Kalmyk kmk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kalmyk (Issyk- kiq Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kul) Oirat oir Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kalo Finnish Ro- rmf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia mani Kalou ywa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaluli bco Kaluli kll Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kalumpang kli - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kam kdx - - - Africa Africa Africa Kamakan vkm - - - S America S America S America Kamano kbq Kamano-Kafe kak Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kamantan kci - - - Africa Africa Africa Kamar keq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kamara jmr - - - Africa Africa Africa Kamarian kzx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kamaru kgx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kamas xas Kamass kms Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kamasa klp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kamasau kms - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kamayo kyk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kamayur´a kay Kamaiur´a kma S America S America S America S America Kamba (Brazil) xba - - - S America S America S America Kamba () kam Kamba kba Africa Africa Africa Africa Kambaata ktb - - - Africa Africa Africa Kambaira kyy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kambera xbr Kambera kam SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kamberau irx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kambiw´a xbw - - - S America S America S America (Nigeria) kmi - - - Africa Africa Africa Kami (Tanzania) kcu Kami kmi Africa Africa Africa Africa Kamo kcq - - - Africa Africa Africa Kamoro kgq Kamoro kmr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

65 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kamu xmu Kamu kmw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kamula xla - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kamuru - - - - S America S America S America Kamviri xvi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kamwe hig - - - Africa Africa Africa Kanakanabu xnb - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Kanamar´ı knm Canamar´ı cnm S America S America S America S America Kanashi xns - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kanasi soq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kanauji bjj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kandas kqw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kandawo gam - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kande kbs - - - Africa Africa Africa Kanembu kbl Kanembu kbu Africa Africa Africa Africa Kang kyp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kanga kcp - - - Africa Africa Africa Kangean kkv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kanggape igm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kangjia kxs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kango (Bas-U´el´e kty - - - Africa Africa Africa District) Kango (Tshopo kzy - - - Africa Africa Africa District) Kangri xnr Dogri dgi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kanikkaran kev - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kaningdon- kdp - - - Africa Africa Africa Nindem Kaningi kzo - - - Africa Africa Africa Kaningra knr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaninuwa wat - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kanite kmu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kanjari kft - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kanju kbe - - - Australia Australia Australia Kankanaey kne Kankanay kky SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kankuamo - - - - S America S America S America Kurumba kfi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kannada kan Kannada knd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kano´e kxo - - - S America S America S America Kanowit-Tanjong kxn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Melanau Kansa ksk - - - N America N America N America Kantosi xkt - - - Africa Africa Africa Kanu khx - - - Africa Africa Africa Kanufi kni - - - Africa Africa Africa Kanyok kny Kanyok kyo Africa Africa Africa Africa Kao kax - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaonde kqn - - - Africa Africa Africa Kap ykm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kapin tbx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

66 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kapinaw´a xpn - - - S America S America S America Kapori khp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kapriman dju Sare sar Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaptiau kbi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kapya klo - - - Africa Africa Africa Kaqchikel cak Cakchiquel cak N America N America N America N America Kara (Central kah Kara (in Central kar Africa Africa Africa Africa African Republic) African Republic) Kara (Papua New leu Kara (in Papua kra SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) ) Kara (Tanzania) reg - - - Africa Africa Africa Kara-Kalpak kaa Karakalpak kkp Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karachay-Balkar krc Karachay-Balkar krc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karadjeri gbd Karadjeri krj Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Karaga Mandaya mry - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Karagas kim Tofa tof Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karahawyana xkh - - - S America S America S America Karaim kdr Karaim krm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karaj´a kpj Java´e jva S America S America S America S America Karami xar - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Karamojong kdj Karimojong kmj Africa Africa Africa Africa Karang kzr - - - Africa Africa Africa Karanga kth - - - Africa Africa Africa Karankawa zkk Karankawa kkw N America N America N America N America Karao kyj Karao kao SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Karas kgv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Karata kpt Karata krt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karawa xrw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Karbi mjw Mikir mik SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kare (Central kbn - - - Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Kare (Papua New kmf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Karekare kai - - - Africa Africa Africa Karelian krl Karelian krl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karey kyd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kari kbj - - - Africa Africa Africa Karingani kgn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karip´una Creole kmv - - - S America S America S America French Karip´una kgm - - - S America S America S America Karipuna - - - - S America S America S America Karipuna kuq Karipuna do Gua- kdg S America S America S America S America pore Karir´ı-Xoc´o kzw Kariri kri S America S America S America S America Karitiˆana ktn Karitiˆana kna S America S America S America S America Kariya kil - - - Africa Africa Africa Kariyarra vka - - - Australia Australia Australia Karkar-Yuri yuj Karkar-Yuri kyr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Karkin krb - - - N America N America N America Karko kko - - - Africa Africa Africa

67 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Karnai bbv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Karo (Brazil) arr Kar´o(Ar´ara) kaa S America S America S America S America Karo (Ethiopia) kxh - - - Africa Africa Africa Karok kyh Karok krk N America N America N America N America Karon Dori kgw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Karon krx - - - Africa Africa Africa Karore xkx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kasanga ccj - - - Africa Africa Africa Kasem xsm Kasem ksm Africa Africa Africa Africa Kashaya kju Kashaya ksh N America N America N America N America Kashmiri kas Kashmiri kas Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kashubian csb Kashubian ksu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Slovincian svc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kasiguranin ksn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kaska kkz - - - N America N America N America Kasseng kgc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kasua khs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kataang kgd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Katabaga ktq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Katawixi xat - - - S America S America S America Katbol tmb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Katcha-Kadugli- xtc Kadugli kad Africa Africa Africa Africa Miri Katcha ktc Africa Africa Africa Africa Kathoriya Tharu tkt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kati bsh Kati (in ktz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ) Katkari kfu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Katla kcr Katla ktl Africa Africa Africa Africa Kato ktw Kato kto N America N America N America N America Katua kta - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Katuk´ına kav - - - S America S America S America Kaulong pss Kaulong kau SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaur vkk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kaure bpp Kaure kaj Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaurna zku Kaurna kaq Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kauwera xau - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kavalan ckv - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Kavet krv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kawacha kcb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kawaiisu xaw Kawaiisu kws N America N America N America N America Kawe kgb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kaxarar´ı ktx - - - S America S America S America Kaxuiˆana kbb - - - S America S America S America Kayab´ı kyz - - - S America S America S America Kayagar kyt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kayan Mahakam xay - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

68 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kayan River xkn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kayan Kayan pdu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kayap´o txu Kayap´o kyp S America S America S America S America Kayapa Kallahan kak - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kayardild gyd Kayardild kay Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kayeli kzl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kayong kxy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kayort kyv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kaytetye gbb - - - Australia Australia Australia Kayupulau kzu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kazakh kaz Kazakh kaz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kazukuru kzk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ke’o xxk Ke’o keo SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Keak keh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Keapara khz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia meo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kedang ksx Kedang ked SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Keder kdy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kehu khh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Keiga kec - - - Africa Africa Africa Kein bmh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kekch´ı kek K’ekch´ı kek N America N America N America N America Kela (Democratic kel - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Kela (Papua New kcl Kela (Apoze) kap SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Kelabit kzi Kelabit klt SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kele (Democratic khy - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Kele (Papua New sbc Kele kel SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Keley-i Kallahan ify - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Keliko kbo - - - Africa Africa Africa Kelo xel - - - Africa Africa Africa Kemak kem - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kembayan xem - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kemberano bzp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kembra xkw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kemezung dmo - - - Africa Africa Africa sjk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kemiehua kfj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kemtuik kmt Kemtuik kmt Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kenati gat - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kendayan knx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kendeje klf - - - Africa Africa Africa Kendem kvm - - - Africa Africa Africa Kenga kyq Kenga ken Africa Africa Africa Africa Keningau Murut kxi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Keninjal knl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

69 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kensiu kns - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kenswei Nsei ndb - - - Africa Africa Africa Kenuzi-Dongola kzh Nubian (Don- nbd Africa Africa Africa Africa golese) Nubian (Kunuz) nku Africa Africa Africa Africa Kenyan Sign Lan- xki Kenyan Sign Lan- ksl Other Africa Africa Africa guage guage Kenyang ken Kenyang kyg Africa Africa Africa Africa Kenyi lke - - - Africa Africa Africa Keoru-Ahia xeu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kepkiriw´at kpn - - - S America S America S America Kepo’ kuk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kera ker Kera ker Africa Africa Africa Africa Kerak hhr - - - Africa Africa Africa Kereho xke - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kerek krk Kerek krq Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kerewe ked - - - Africa Africa Africa Kerewo kxz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kerinci kvr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kesawai xes - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ket ket Ket ket Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ketangalan kae - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Kete kcv Kete kte Africa Africa Africa Africa Ketengban xte Ketengban ktn Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ketum ktt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Keyagana kyg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kgalagadi xkv - - - Africa Africa Africa Kh¨un kkh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kh´ang kjm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khakas kjh Khakas khk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khalaj kjf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khaling klr Khaling khg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khamba kbg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia khg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khamti kht - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khamyang ksu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khana ogo Kana kan Africa Africa Africa Africa Khandesi khn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khanty kca Khanty kty Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khao xao - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kharam Naga kfw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kharia Thar ksy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kharia khr Kharia khr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khasi kha Khasi khs SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khe kqg - - - Africa Africa Africa Khehek tlx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Khengkha xkf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

70 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Khetrani xhe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khezha Naga nkh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khiamniungan kix - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Naga Khinalugh kjj Khinalug khi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khirwar kwx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khisa kqm - - - Africa Africa Africa Khlor llo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khmu kjg Khmu’ kmu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kho’ini xkc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khoibu Naga nkb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kholok ktc - - - Africa Africa Africa Khorasani Turkish kmz Turkic (East- tex Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Central Xorasan) Turkic (West Xo- twx Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia rasan) Khowar khw Khowar khw Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khua xhv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khuen khf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khumi Awa Chin cka - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khumi Chin cnk Khumi khu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khunsari kfm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Khvarshi khv Khvarshi khv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kibet kie - - - Africa Africa Africa Kibiri prm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kickapoo kic Kickapoo kic N America N America N America N America Kikuyu kik Kikuyu kik Africa Africa Africa Africa sjd Saami (Kildin) ski Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kilivila kij Kilivila klv SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kiliwa klb Kiliwa klw N America N America N America N America Kilmeri kih - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kim Mun mji Mun mnu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kim kia Kosop ksp Africa Africa Africa Africa Kimaama kig Kimaghama kim Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kimaragang kqr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kimbu kiv - - - Africa Africa Africa kmb - - - Africa Africa Africa Kimda - - - - S America S America S America Kimki sbt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kimr´e kqp - - - Africa Africa Africa Kinalakna kco - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kinaray-a krj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kinga zga Kinga kga Africa Africa Africa Africa Kinnauri kfk Kinnauri knn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kintaq knq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kinuku kkd - - - Africa Africa Africa kin Kinyarwanda kin Africa Africa Africa Africa Kioko ues - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

71 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kiong kkm - - - Africa Africa Africa Kiorr xko - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kiowa Apache apk - - - N America N America N America Kiowa kio Kiowa kio N America N America N America N America Kipea - - - - S America S America S America Kiput kyi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kir-Balar kkr - - - Africa Africa Africa Kire geb Kire kie Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kirghiz kir Kirghiz kgz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kirghiz (Fu-Yu) kfy Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kirike okr - - - Africa Africa Africa Kirikiri kiy Kirikiri kkr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kirmanjki kiu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kis kis - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kisankasa kqh - - - Africa Africa Africa Kisar kje Kisar ksr SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kisi kiz - - - Africa Africa Africa Kistane gru Soddo sod Africa Africa Africa Africa Kita Maninkakan mwk - - - Africa Africa Africa Kitan zkt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kitemoka - - - - S America S America S America Kitja gia Kitja kij Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kitsai kii Kitsai kit N America N America N America N America Kituba (Congo) mkw - - - Africa Africa Africa Kituba (Demo- ktu Kituba ktb Other Africa Africa Africa cratic Republic of Congo) Klamath-Modoc kla Klamath klm N America N America N America N America Klao klu Klao kla Africa Africa Africa Africa Klias River kqt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kadazan Knaanic czk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ko fuj - - - Africa Africa Africa Koalib kib - - - Africa Africa Africa Koasati cku Koasati koa N America N America N America N America Koba kpd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kobiana kcj - - - Africa Africa Africa Kobol kgu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kobon kpw Kobon kob Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Koch kdq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kochila Tharu thq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koda cdz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kodaku ksz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kodava kfa Kodava kod Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kodeoha vko - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kodi kod - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kodia kwp - - - Africa Africa Africa Koenoem kcs - - - Africa Africa Africa

72 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kofa kso - - - Africa Africa Africa Kofei kpi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kofyar kwl - - - Africa Africa Africa Kohin kkx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kohistani Shina plk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koho kpm Sre sre SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kohumono bcs Kohumono koh Africa Africa Africa Africa Koi kkt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koireng nkd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koitabu kqi Koita kta Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Koiwat kxt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kok Borok trp kok SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kok-Nar gko - - - Australia Australia Australia Kokata ktd Gugada gug Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Koke kou - - - Africa Africa Africa Kokoda xod - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kokola kzn - - - Africa Africa Africa Kokota kkk Kokota kkt SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kol (Cameroon) biw - - - Africa Africa Africa Kol (Papua New kol - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Kola kvv Kola koo SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kolbila klc - - - Africa Africa Africa Kolibugan Sub- skn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia anon Kolom klm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kolum So Dogon dkl - - - Africa Africa Africa Koluwawa klx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kom (Cameroon) bkm Kom kou Africa Africa Africa Africa Kom (India) kmm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koma Ndera kmy - - - Africa Africa Africa Komba kpf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kombai tyn Kombai kmb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kombio xbi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Komering kge Kayu Agung kag SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Komi-Permyak koi Komi-Permyak kop Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Komi-Zyrian kpv Komi-Zyrian kzy Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yazva yzv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kominimung xoi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Komo (Democratic kmw - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Komo (Sudan) xom Komo kom Africa Africa Africa Africa Komodo kvh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kompane kvp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Komyandaret kzv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kon Keu kkn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Konai kxw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Konda knd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

73 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Konda-Dora kfc Konda kda Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koneraw kdw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Konkani knn Konkani kkn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Konkomba xon Konkomba kkb Africa Africa Africa Africa Konni kma Konni kni Africa Africa Africa Africa Kono (Guinea) knu - - - Africa Africa Africa Kono (Nigeria) klk - - - Africa Africa Africa Kono (Sierra kno - - - Africa Africa Africa Leone) Konomala koa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Konomihu - - - - N America N America N America Konongo kcz - - - Africa Africa Africa Konso kxc - - - Africa Africa Africa nbe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Konyanka Maninka mku - - - Africa Africa Africa Konzo koo - - - Africa Africa Africa Koongo kng Fiote fio Africa Africa Africa Africa Kongo kon Africa Africa Africa Africa Koonzime ozm - - - Africa Africa Africa Koorete kqy Koyra kjr Africa Africa Africa Africa Kopkaka opk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Korafe-Yegha kpr Korafe krf Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Korak koz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Korana kqz Korana krn Africa Africa Africa Africa Korandje kcy - - - Africa Africa Africa Korean Sign Lan- kvk South Korean Sign ssl Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Language Korean kor Korean kor Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koreguaje coe Koreguaje kje S America S America S America S America Koresh-e Rostam okh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Korku kfq Korku kku Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Korlai Creole Por- vkp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia tuguese Koro (Cˆote kfo - - - Africa Africa Africa d’Ivoire) Koro (Papua New kxr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Koro - - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koromf´e kfz Koromfe kfe Africa Africa Africa Africa Koromira kqj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Koronadal Blaan bpr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Koroni xkq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Korop krp - - - Africa Africa Africa Koroshi ktl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Korowai khe Korowai krw Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Korra Koraga kfd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia xor - - - S America S America S America Korupun-Sela kpq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Korwa kfp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koryak kpy Koryak kry Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

74 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kosadle kiq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kosarek Yale kkl Yale (Kosarek) yal Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kosena kze - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Koshin kid - - - Africa Africa Africa Kota (Gabon) koq - - - Africa Africa Africa Kota (India) kfe Kota kot Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kota Bangun Ku- mqg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia tai Malay Kota Marudu Ta- grm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia lantang Kota Marudu ktr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tinagas Kotafon Gbe kqk - - - Africa Africa Africa Koti eko Ekoti eko Africa Africa Africa Africa Kott zko Kott ktt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kouya kyf - - - Africa Africa Africa Kovai kqb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kove kvc Kaliai-Kove kkv SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kowaki xow - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kowiai kwh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Koy Sanjaq Surat kqd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koya kff Koya koy Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Koyaga kga - - - Africa Africa Africa Koyo koh - - - Africa Africa Africa Koyra Chiini Song- khq Koyra Chiini kch Africa Africa Africa Africa hay Koyraboro Senni ses Koyraboro Senni kse Africa Africa Africa Africa Songhai Koyukon koy Koyukon kyn N America N America N America N America Kpagua kuw - - - Africa Africa Africa Kpala kpl - - - Africa Africa Africa Kpan kpk Kpan kpa Africa Africa Africa Africa Kpasam pbn - - - Africa Africa Africa Kpati koc - - - Africa Africa Africa Kpatili kym - - - Africa Africa Africa Kpessi kef - - - Africa Africa Africa Kplang kph - - - Africa Africa Africa Krache kye - - - Africa Africa Africa Krahˆo xra Canela-Krahˆo ckr S America S America S America S America Krahˆo krh S America S America S America S America Kraol rka - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Krenak kqq - - - S America S America S America Kreye xre - - - S America S America S America Krikati- xri - - - S America S America S America Krim krm - - - Africa Africa Africa Krio kri - - - Africa Africa Africa Kriol rop Kriol (Fitzroy kfc Other Australia Australia Australia Crossing) Kriol (Ngukurr) knq Other Australia Australia Australia Krobu kxb - - - Africa Africa Africa Krongo kgo Krongo kro Africa Africa Africa Africa

75 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kru’ng 2 krr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Krymchak jct - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kryts kry Kryz krz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kua tyu - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuan uan - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kuanhua xnh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kuanua ksd Tolai tla SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kuanyama kua - - - Africa Africa Africa Kube kgf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kubi kof - - - Africa Africa Africa Kubo jko - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kubu kvb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kucong lkc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kudiya kfg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kudmali kyw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kudu-Camo kov - - - Africa Africa Africa Kueretu - - - - S America S America S America Kugbo kes - - - Africa Africa Africa Kui (India) kxu Kui (in India) kui Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kuijau dkr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kuik´uro-Kalap´alo kui - - - S America S America S America Kujarge vkj - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuk kfn - - - Africa Africa Africa Kukatja kux - - - Australia Australia Australia Kukele kez - - - Africa Africa Africa Kukna kex Kokni kkz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kuku-Mangk xmq - - - Australia Australia Australia Kuku-Mu’inh xmp - - - Australia Australia Australia Kuku-Muminh xmh - - - Australia Australia Australia Kuku-Ugbanh ugb - - - Australia Australia Australia Kuku-Uwanh uwa knc Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kuku-Yalanji gvn Kuku-Yalanji kya Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kulere kul - - - Africa Africa Africa Kulfa kxj - - - Africa Africa Africa Kulina Pano xpk - - - S America S America S America Kulisusu vkl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kullu Pahari kfx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kulon-Pazeh uun - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Kulsab faj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kulung (Nepal) kle Kulung klg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kulung (Nigeria) bbu - - - Africa Africa Africa Kumak nee Nelemwa nel SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kumalu ksl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kumam kdi - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuman kue Kuman kmn Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

76 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kumaoni kfy Kumauni kum Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kumarbhag Pa- kmj Malto mto Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia haria Kumba ksm - - - Africa Africa Africa Kumbainggar kgs Gumbaynggir gum Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kumbewaha xks - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kumhali kra - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kumiai dih Diegue˜no (Mesa die N America N America N America N America Grande) Tiipay (Jamul) tja N America N America N America N America Kumukio kuo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kumyk kum Kumyk kuq Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kumzari zum - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kunama kun Kunama knm Africa Africa Africa Africa Kunbarlang wlg Gunbalang gnb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kunda kdn - - - Africa Africa Africa Kung kfl - - - Africa Africa Africa Kung-Ekoka knw !Xun (Ekoka) xun Africa Africa Africa Africa Kungarakany ggk - - - Australia Australia Australia Kunggara kvs - - - Australia Australia Australia Kunggari kgl - - - Australia Australia Australia Kuni kse - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kuni-Boazi kvg Boazi boa Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kunimaipa kup Kunimaipa kmp Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kunja pep - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kunjen kjn Kunjen kjn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kunyi njx - - - Africa Africa Africa Kunza kuz Atacame˜no atm S America S America S America S America Kuo xuo Koh (Lakka) klk Africa Africa Africa Africa Kuot kto Kuot kuo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kupa kug - - - Africa Africa Africa Kupang Malay mkn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kupia key - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kupsabiny kpz Sebei seb Africa Africa Africa Africa Kura Ede Nago nqk - - - Africa Africa Africa Kurama krh - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuranko knk Koranko kko Africa Africa Africa Africa Kuri nbn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kuria kuj - - - Africa Africa Africa Kurichiya kfh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kurmukar kfv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kurrama vku - - - Australia Australia Australia Kurti ktm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kurtokha xkz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kuru´aya kyr - - - S America S America S America Kurukh kru Kurukh kur Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kusaal kus - - - Africa Africa Africa

77 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kusaghe ksg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kushi kuh - - - Africa Africa Africa Kustenau - - - - S America S America S America Kusu ksv - - - Africa Africa Africa Kusunda kgg Kusunda kus Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kutang Ghale ght - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kutenai kut Kutenai kut N America N America N America N America Kutep kub - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuthant xut - - - Australia Australia Australia Kutto kpa - - - Africa Africa Africa Kutu kdc - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuturmi khj - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuuku-Ya’u kuy Kuuku Ya’u kuu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kuungkari of Bar- - - - - Australia Australia Australia coo River Kuvi kxv Kuvi kuv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kuwaa blh - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuwaataay cwt - - - Africa Africa Africa Kuy kdt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kuyubi - - - - S America S America S America Kven Finnish fkv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kw’adza wka - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwa kwb - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwa’ bko - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwaami ksq Kwami kwm Africa Africa Africa Africa Kwadi kwz - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwaja kdz - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwak kwq - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwakiutl kwk Kwakw’ala kwk N America N America N America N America Kwakum kwu - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwama kmq - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwambi kwm - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwami ktf - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwamtim One okk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kwang kvi - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwanga kwj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kwangali kwn Kwangali kwn Africa Africa Africa Africa Kwanja knp - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwasio nmg Bujeba buj Africa Africa Africa Africa Kwato kop - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kwaya kya - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwaza xwa Kwaz´a kwz S America S America S America S America Kwegu xwg Koegu koe Africa Africa Africa Africa Kwer kwr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kwerba Mamber- xwr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia amo Kwerba kwe Kwerba kwb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

78 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Kwere cwe - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwerisa kkb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kwese kws - - - Africa Africa Africa Kwesten kwt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kwini gww Gunin gnn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Kwinti kww - - - S America S America S America Kwoma kmo Kwoma kwo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kwomtari kwo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kxoe xuu Kxoe kxo Africa Africa Africa Africa Kyak bka - - - Africa Africa Africa Kyaka kyc Kyaka kyk Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kyenele kql - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Kyenga tye - - - Africa Africa Africa Kyerung kgy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia L¨u khb L¨u lu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia L´a´aL´a´aBwamu bwj - - - Africa Africa Africa La’bi lbi - - - Africa Africa Africa Laal gdm Laal laa Africa Africa Africa Africa Laamtuk Thet tcp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laari ldi - - - Africa Africa Africa Laba lau - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Label lbb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Labir jku - - - Africa Africa Africa Labo Phowa ypb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Labo mwi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Labu lbu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Labuk- dtb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kinabatangan Kadazan Lacandon lac Lacand´on lac N America N America N America N America Lachi lbt Lachi lch SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lachiguiri Zapotec zpa - - - N America N America N America Lachix´ıoZapotec zpl - - - N America N America N America Ladakhi lbj Ladakhi lad SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ladin lld Ladin ldn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ladino lad Ladino lno Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laeko-Libuat lkl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lafofa laf Lafofa laf Africa Africa Africa Africa Laghu lgb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Laghuu lgh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lagwan kot Lagwan lag Africa Africa Africa Africa Laha (Indonesia) lhh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Laha (Viet Nam) lha Laha lha SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lahanan lhn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lahta Karen kvt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lahu Shi lhi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lahu lhu Lahu lah SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

79 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Lahul Lohar lhl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laimbue lmx - - - Africa Africa Africa Laiyolo lji - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lak lbe Lak lak Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laka (Chad) lap - - - Africa Africa Africa Laka (Nigeria) lak - - - Africa Africa Africa Lakalei lka - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lake Miwok lmw Miwok (Lake) mwl N America N America N America N America Lakha lkh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laki lki - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lakkia lbc Lakkia lkk SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lakondˆe lkd - - - S America S America S America Lakota Dida dic Vata vat Africa Africa Africa Africa Lakota lkt Lakhota lkt N America N America N America N America Lala nrz Ala’ala all SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lala-Bisa leb - - - Africa Africa Africa Lala-Roba lla - - - Africa Africa Africa Lalana Chinantec cnl - - - N America N America N America Lalia lal - - - Africa Africa Africa Lama () lay - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lama (Togo) las - - - Africa Africa Africa Lamaholot slp Lamaholot lmh SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lamalera lmr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lamam lmm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lamang hia Lamang lmg Africa Africa Africa Africa Lamatuka lmq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lamba lam Lamba lmb Africa Africa Africa Africa lmn Lamani lmn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lambayeque quf - - - S America S America S America Quechua Lambichhong lmh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lamboya lmy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lambya lai - - - Africa Africa Africa Lame bma - - - Africa Africa Africa Lamenu lmu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lamet lbn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lamja-Dengsa- ldh - - - Africa Africa Africa Tola Lamkang lmk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lamma lev - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lamnso’ lns Lamnso’ lns Africa Africa Africa Africa Lamogai lmg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Api ljp Lampung lmp SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lampung Nyo abl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lamu-Lamu lby Lamu-Lamu lla Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Lanas Lobu ruu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Landoma ldm - - - Africa Africa Africa

80 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Langam lnm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Langbashe lna - - - Africa Africa Africa Langi lag Langi lgi Africa Africa Africa Africa Langnian Buyang yln - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lango (Sudan) lno - - - Africa Africa Africa Lango (Uganda) laj Lango lan Africa Africa Africa Africa Langue des signes sfb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia de Belgique Fran- cophone Lanoh lnh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lao lao Lao lao SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laomian lwm Bisu biu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laopang lbg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laos Sign Lan- lso - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Lapagu´ıa-Guivini ztl - - - N America N America N America Zapotec Lapuyan Subanun laa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Laragia lrg Laragia lar Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Lardil lbz Lardil lrd Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Larevat lrv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Large Flowery hmd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miao Lari lrl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Larike-Wakasihu alo Larike lrk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Laro lro - - - Africa Africa Africa Larteh lar - - - Africa Africa Africa Laru lan - - - Africa Africa Africa Lasalimu llm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lasgerdi lsa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lashi lsi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lasi lss - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia lat - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Latu ltu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Latundˆe ltn - - - S America S America S America Latvian Sign Lan- lsl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Latvian lav Latvian lat Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laua luf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lauje law Lauje lje SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Laura lur - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Laurentian lre - - - N America N America N America Lavatbura- lbv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lamusong Lave brb Brao bra SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laven lbo Loven lov SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lawangan lbx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lawunuia tgi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Layakha lya - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Laz lzz Laz laz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia cle Chinantec (Lealao) cle N America N America N America N America Leco lec - - - S America S America S America

81 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ledo Kaili lew Kaili kli SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Leelau ldk - - - Africa Africa Africa Lefa lfa - - - Africa Africa Africa Lega-Mwenga lgm Lega leg Africa Africa Africa Africa Lega-Shabunda lea Lega leg Africa Africa Africa Africa Legbo agb - - - Africa Africa Africa Legenyem lcc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lehar cae - - - Africa Africa Africa Lelak llk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lele (Chad) lln Lele lel Africa Africa Africa Africa Lele (Democratic lel - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Lele (Guinea) llc - - - Africa Africa Africa Lele (Papua New lle - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Lelemi lef Lelemi llm Africa Africa Africa Africa Lelepa lpa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lembena leq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lemio lei - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lemolang ley - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lemoro ldj - - - Africa Africa Africa Lenca len - - - N America N America N America Lenca-Honduras - - - - N America N America N America Lenca-Salvador - - - - N America N America N America Lendu led Lendu ldu Africa Africa Africa Africa Lengilu lgi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lengo lgr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lengola lej - - - Africa Africa Africa Lengua leg Lengua lng S America S America S America S America Leningitij lnj Anguthimri agt Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Lenje leh - - - Africa Africa Africa Lenkau ler - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lenyima ldg - - - Africa Africa Africa Lepcha lep Lepcha lep SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lepki lpe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lere gnh - - - Africa Africa Africa Lese les Lese les Africa Africa Africa Africa Lesing-Gelimi let - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Letemboi nms - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Leti (Cameroon) leo - - - Africa Africa Africa Leti (Indonesia) lti Leti let SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Levuka lvu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lewo Eleng lwe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lewotobi lwt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Leyigha ayi - - - Africa Africa Africa Lezghian lez Lezgian lez Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lhokpu lhp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

82 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Lhomi lhm Lhomi lho SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Li’o ljl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Liabuku lix - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Liana-Seti ste - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia njn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lianshan Zhuang zln - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kpelle xpe Kpelle kpe Africa Africa Africa Africa Liberian English lir - - - Africa Africa Africa Libido liq - - - Africa Africa Africa Libinza liz - - - Africa Africa Africa ayl Arabic (Eastern ael Africa Africa Africa Africa Libyan) Libyan Sign Lan- lbs - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Ligbi lig - - - Africa Africa Africa Ligenza lgz - - - Africa Africa Africa Ligurian lij Italian (Genoa) itg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lijili mgi - - - Africa Africa Africa Lika lik - - - Africa Africa Africa Likila lie - - - Africa Africa Africa Likuba kxx - - - Africa Africa Africa Likum lib - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Likwala kwc - - - Africa Africa Africa Lilau lll - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lillooet lil Lillooet lil N America N America N America N America Limassa bme - - - Africa Africa Africa Limbu lif Limbu lim SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Limbum lmp - - - Africa Africa Africa Limburgan lim - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Limi ylm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Limilngan lmc Limilngan lml Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Limos Kalinga kmk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lindu klw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia lin Lingala lin Africa Africa Africa Africa Lingao onb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lingarak lgk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lingkhim lii - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia pml - - - Africa Africa Africa Lipan Apache apl - - - N America N America N America Lipo lpo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lisela lcl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lish lsh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lish´anDid´an trg Neo-Aramaic (Per- nap Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia sian Azerbaijan) Lishana Deni lsd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lishanid Noshan aij Neo-Aramaic (Ar- naj Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia bel Jewish) Lisu lis Lisu lis SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lithuanian Sign lls - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language

83 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Lithuanian lit Lithuanian lit Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Litzlitz lzl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Liujiang Zhuang zlj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Liuqian Zhuang zlq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Liv liv Liv liv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Livvi olo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Loarki lrk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lobala loq - - - Africa Africa Africa Lobi lob Lobi lob Africa Africa Africa Africa Lodhi lbm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Logba lgq - - - Africa Africa Africa Logo log Logoti lgt Africa Africa Africa Africa Logol lof - - - Africa Africa Africa Logooli rag - - - Africa Africa Africa Logorik liu - - - Africa Africa Africa Logudorese Sar- src - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dinian Loja Highland qvj - - - S America S America S America Quichua Lokaa yaz - - - Africa Africa Africa Loko lok Loko lok Africa Africa Africa Africa Lokoya lky - - - Africa Africa Africa Lola lcd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lolak llq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lolo llb - - - Africa Africa Africa Loloda loa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lolopo ycl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Loma (Cˆote loi - - - Africa Africa Africa d’Ivoire) Loma (Liberia) lom Loma lma Africa Africa Africa Africa Lomavren rmi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lombard lmo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lombi lmi - - - Africa Africa Africa Lombo loo - - - Africa Africa Africa Lomwe ngl - - - Africa Africa Africa Loncong lce - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Long Wat ttw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Longgu lgu Longgu lgu SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Longto wok - - - Africa Africa Africa Longuda lnu - - - Africa Africa Africa Loniu los Loniu lon SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lonwolwol crc Lonwolwol lnw SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lonzo lnz - - - Africa Africa Africa Loo ldo - - - Africa Africa Africa Lopa lop - - - Africa Africa Africa Lopi lov - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lopit lpx - - - Africa Africa Africa Lorang lrn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

84 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Lorediakarkar lnn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Loreto-Ucayali spq - - - S America S America S America Spanish Lote uvl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia njh Lotha lot SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lotud dtr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lou loj Lou lou SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Louisiana Creole lou - - - N America N America N America French nds Low German lge Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lowa loy Baragaunle brl SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lower Chehalis cea - - - N America N America N America Lower Darling- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Lower Lachlan Lower Grand Val- dni Dani (Lower Grand dni Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia ley Dani Valley) Lower Silesian sli - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lower Sorbian dsb Sorbian srb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sorbian (Lower) srl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lower Ta’oih tto - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lower Tanana taa Tanana (Lower) tnl N America N America N America N America Lower Tanudan kml - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kalinga Lowland Oaxaca clo Chontal chx N America N America N America N America Chontal (Huamelultec Oaxaca) Lowland Tarahu- tac Tarahumara twe N America N America N America N America mara (Western) Loxicha Zapotec ztp - - - N America N America N America Lozi loz Lozi loz Africa Africa Africa Africa Lua’ prb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Luba-Katanga lub Kiluba kil Africa Africa Africa Africa Luba-Lulua lua Bena-Lulua blu Africa Africa Africa Africa CiLuba cil Africa Africa Africa Africa Lubila kcc - - - Africa Africa Africa Lubu lcf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lubuagan Kalinga knb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Luchazi lch Lucazi luc Africa Africa Africa Africa Lucumi luq - - - N America N America N America Ludian lud - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lufu ldq - - - Africa Africa Africa Lugbara lgg Lugbara lug Africa Africa Africa Africa Luguru ruf - - - Africa Africa Africa Luhu lcq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lui lba - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Luimbi lum - - - Africa Africa Africa Luiseno lui Luise˜no lui N America N America N America N America Lukpa dop - - - Africa Africa Africa smj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lule - Lule lul S America S America S America S America Lumba-Yakkha luu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lumbee lmz - - - N America N America N America Lumbu lup - - - Africa Africa Africa

85 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Lumun lmd - - - Africa Africa Africa Luna luj - - - Africa Africa Africa Lunanakha luk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lunda lun Lunda lbu Africa Africa Africa Africa Lundayeh lnd Lun Dayeh lud SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lungga lga - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Luo (Cameroon) luw - - - Africa Africa Africa Luo (Kenya and luo Luo luo Africa Africa Africa Africa Tanzania) Luopohe Hmong hml - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Luri ldd - - - Africa Africa Africa Lusengo lse - - - Africa Africa Africa Lushai lus Mizo miz SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lushootseed lut Lushootseed lus N America N America N America N America Lusi khl Kaliai-Kove kkv SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Lutos ndy - - - Africa Africa Africa Luvale lue Luvale luv Africa Africa Africa Africa Luwati luv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Luwo lwo Jur Luwo jlu Africa Africa Africa Africa ltz Luxemburgeois lux Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Luyana lyn - - - Africa Africa Africa Luyia luy - - - Africa Africa Africa Lwalu lwa - - - Africa Africa Africa Ly´el´e lee Lyele lye Africa Africa Africa Africa Lyons Sign Lan- lsg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage M¨unChin mwq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia M¨und¨u muh M¨und¨u mdu Africa Africa Africa Africa M´aghd`ı gmd - - - Africa Africa Africa M´aku - M´aku mkw S America S America S America S America M´ıskito miq Miskito mis N America N America N America N America M´ocheno mhn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ma (Democratic msj Ma ma Africa Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Ma (Papua New mjn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Ma’anyan mhy Ma’anyan myn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ma’di mhi Ma’di mad Africa Africa Africa Africa Ma’ya slz Ma’ya mya SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maa cma - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maaka mew - - - Africa Africa Africa Maasina Fulfulde ffm Fulfulde (Maasina) fum Africa Africa Africa Africa Maay ymm - - - Africa Africa Africa Maba (Chad) mde Maba mab Africa Africa Africa Africa Maba (Indonesia) mqa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mabaale mmz - - - Africa Africa Africa Mabaan mfz - - - Africa Africa Africa Mabaka Valley kkg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kalinga Mabenaro - - - - S America S America S America

86 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Mabire muj - - - Africa Africa Africa Maca mca Maca mca S America S America S America S America Macagu´an mbn Macagu´an mcg S America S America S America S America Macaguaje mcl - - - S America S America S America Macanese mzs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Macedonian mkd Macedonian mcd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Machame jmc - - - Africa Africa Africa Machiguenga mcb Machiguenga mch S America S America S America S America mpd - - - S America S America S America Machinga mvw - - - Africa Africa Africa Maco wpc - - - S America S America S America Macquarie- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Harbour myy Macuna mcn S America S America S America S America Macuni - - - - S America S America S America mbc Macushi mac S America S America S America S America Mada (Cameroon) mxu Mada (in mda Africa Africa Africa Africa Cameroon) Mada (Nigeria) mda Mada (in Nigeria) mdz Africa Africa Africa Africa Sign mzc - - - Africa Africa Africa Language Madak mmx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maden xmx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Madi grg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Madngele zml Madngele mdl Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Madukayang kmd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kalinga Madurese mad Madurese mdr SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mae mme Mae mae SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maeng Itneg itt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mafa maf - - - Africa Africa Africa Mafea mkv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mag-Anchi Ayta sgb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mag-Indi Ayta blx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Magahi mag Magahi mgh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Magdalena xtm - - - N America N America N America ˜nascoMixtec Magoma gmx - - - Africa Africa Africa Magori zgr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maguindanao mdh Magindanao mgn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mahali mjx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mahasu Pahari bfz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mahei mja - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mahican mjy - - - N America N America N America Mahongwe mhb - - - Africa Africa Africa Mahou mxx Mauka mka Africa Africa Africa Africa Mai Brat ayz Maybrat may Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maia sks - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maiadomu mzz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maiani tnh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

87 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Maii mmm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maijiki ore Orej´on ore S America S America S America S America Mailu mgu Magi mgi Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maindo cwb - - - Africa Africa Africa Mainfr¨ankisch vmf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mainstream xkl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kenyah Maipure - Maipure mpr S America S America S America S America Mairasi zrs Mairasi mrs Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maisin mbq Maisin msn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maithili mai Maithili mai Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maiwa (Indonesia) wmm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Maiwa (Papua mti - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia New Guinea) Maiwala mum - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Majang mpe Majang maj Africa Africa Africa Africa Majera xmj - - - Africa Africa Africa Majhi mjz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Majhwar mmj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mak (China) mkg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mak (Nigeria) pbl - - - Africa Africa Africa Makaa mcp Makaa mkz Africa Africa Africa Africa Makah myh Makah mak N America N America N America N America Makasae mkz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Makasar mak Makassar mks SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Makassar Malay mfp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Makayam aup - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Makhuwa vmw Makua mua Africa Africa Africa Africa Makhuwa- xmc - - - Africa Africa Africa Marrevone Makhuwa-Meetto mgh - - - Africa Africa Africa Makhuwa-Moniga mhm - - - Africa Africa Africa Makhuwa-Saka xsq - - - Africa Africa Africa Makhuwa-Shirima vmk - - - Africa Africa Africa Maklew mgf Maklew mkl Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Makolkol zmh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Makonde kde Makonde mkd Africa Africa Africa Africa Maku’a lva - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Makur´ap mpu - - - S America S America S America Makuri Naga jmn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Makwe ymk - - - Africa Africa Africa Mal Paharia mkb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mal mlf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mal´ekuJa´ıka gut - - - N America N America N America Mala (Nigeria) ruy - - - Africa Africa Africa Mala (Papua New ped - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Malakhel mld - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malalamai mmt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

88 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Malali - - - - S America S America S America Malango mln - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Malankuravan mjo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malapandaram mjp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malaryan mjq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malas mkr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Malavedan mjr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malawi Lomwe lon - - - Africa Africa Africa Malawi Sena swk - - - Africa Africa Africa Malay zlm Ketapang ktp SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malay (Kuala myk SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lumpur) Malay, Manado xmm Manadonese mds SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia mal Malayalam mym Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malayic Dayak xdy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Malaynon mlz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Malayo mbp Damana dam S America S America S America S America Malaysian Sign xml - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Malba Birifor bfo - - - Africa Africa Africa Male (Ethiopia) mdy Maale mle Africa Africa Africa Africa Male (Papua New mdc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Malecite- pqm Passamaquoddy- psm N America N America N America N America Passamaquoddy Maliseet Maleng pkt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maleu-Kilenge mgl Maleu mlu SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Malgana vml - - - Australia Australia Australia Malgbe mxf - - - Africa Africa Africa Mali gcc Mali mli Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maligo mwj - - - Africa Africa Africa Malila mgq - - - Africa Africa Africa Malimba mzd - - - Africa Africa Africa Malimpung mli - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Malinaltepec tcf - - - N America N America N America Me’phaa Malo mla Tamabo tmm SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Malol mbk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Malua Bay mll - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Malvi mup - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mam mam Mam mam N America N America N America N America Mam (Southern) mmz N America N America N America N America Mama mma - - - Africa Africa Africa Mamaa mhf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mamaind´e wmd - - - S America S America S America Mamanwa mmn Mamanwa mmn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mamara Senoufo myk - - - Africa Africa Africa Mamasa mqj Mamasa mms SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mambae mgm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mambai mcs - - - Africa Africa Africa

89 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Mamboru mvd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mambwe-Lungu mgr Mambwe mmw Africa Africa Africa Africa Mampruli maw Mampruli mmp Africa Africa Africa Africa Mamuju mqx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mamusi kdf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mamvu mdi Mamvu mmv Africa Africa Africa Africa Man Met mml - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manam mva Manam mnm SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manambu mle Manambu mbu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manangba nmm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manangkari znk - - - Australia Australia Australia Manao - - - - S America S America S America Manat pmr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manchu mnc Manchu mnc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manda (Australia) zma - - - Australia Australia Australia Manda (India) mha - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manda (Tanzania) mgs - - - Africa Africa Africa Mandahuaca mht - - - S America S America S America Mandaic mid Mandaic (Modern) mma Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mandan mhq Mandan mdn N America N America N America N America Mandandanyi zmk - - - Australia Australia Australia Mandar mdr Mandar mnr SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mandari mqu - - - Africa Africa Africa cmn Kunming kug SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mandarin mnd SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia mjl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mander mqr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mandinka mnk Mandinka mdk Africa Africa Africa Africa Mandinka (Gam- mkg Africa Africa Africa Africa bian) Mandjak mfv Manjaku mjk Africa Africa Africa Africa Mandobo Atas aax - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mandobo Bawah bwp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manem jet Manem Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mang zng - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manga Kanuri kby - - - Africa Africa Africa Mangala mem - - - Australia Australia Australia mpc Mangarrayi myi Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mangas zns - - - Africa Africa Africa Mangayat myj - - - Africa Africa Africa Mangbetu mdj Mangbetu mbt Africa Africa Africa Africa Mangbutu mdk - - - Africa Africa Africa Mangerr zme - - - Australia Australia Australia Mangga Buang mmo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manggarai mqy Manggarai mng SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mango mge - - - Africa Africa Africa

90 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Mangseng mbh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manigri-Kambol´e xkb - - - Africa Africa Africa Ede Nago Manikion mnx Sougb sgb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia mqp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manipuri mni Meithei mei SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mankanya knf Mankanya mkn Africa Africa Africa Africa Mann mev Mano man Africa Africa Africa Africa Manna-Dora mju - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mannan mjv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manombai woo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mansaka msk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mansi mns Mansi mns Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mansoanka msw - - - Africa Africa Africa Manta myg - - - Africa Africa Africa Mantsi nty - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manumanaw kxf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karen Manusela wha - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Manx glv Manx mnx Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Manya mzj - - - Africa Africa Africa Manyawa mny - - - Africa Africa Africa Manyika mxc - - - Africa Africa Africa Manza mzv - - - Africa Africa Africa nbi Naga (Mao) nma SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maonan mmd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maori mri Maori mao SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mape mlh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mapena mnm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mapidian- mpw - - - S America S America S America Mawayan Mapos Buang bzh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mapoyo mcg Mapoyo mpy S America S America S America S America Mapudungun arn Mapudungun map S America S America S America S America Mapun sjm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Maquiritari mch Carib (De’kwana) cde S America S America S America S America Mar´ubo mzr - - - S America S America S America Mara Chin mrh Chin (Mara) cmr SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mara mec Mara mra Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Maraghei vmh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maragua - - - - S America S America S America Maragus mrs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia nma - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maramba myd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maranao mrw Maranao mrn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Maranunggu zmr Maranungku mku Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mararit mgb - - - Africa Africa Africa Marathi mar Marathi mhi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

91 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Maratino - - - - N America N America N America Marau mvr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Marawan - - - - S America S America S America Marba mpg - - - Africa Africa Africa Maremgi mrx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Marenje vmr - - - Africa Africa Africa Marfa mvu - - - Africa Africa Africa Margany zmc Margany mny Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Marghi Central mrt Margi mrg Africa Africa Africa Africa Marghi South mfm - - - Africa Africa Africa Margos-Yarowilca- qvm - - - S America S America S America Lauricocha Quechua Margu mhg - - - Australia Australia Australia Mari (East Sepik mbx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Province) Mari (Madang hob - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Province) Maria (India) mrr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maria (Papua New mds - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Maricopa mrc Maricopa mar N America N America N America N America Maridan zmd - - - Australia Australia Australia Maridjabin zmj - - - Australia Australia Australia Marik dad - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Marimanindji zmm - - - Australia Australia Australia Marind mrz Marind mrd Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia nng - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Maring mbw Maring mav Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maringarr zmt Maringarr mrr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mariri mqi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Marithiel mfr Marrithiyel mrh Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Maritime Sign nsr - - - N America N America N America Language Maritsau´a msp - - - S America S America S America Mariyedi zmy - - - Australia Australia Australia Marka rkm - - - Africa Africa Africa Markweeta enb - - - Africa Africa Africa Marma rmz Arakanese akm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Marma) Marovo mvo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Martha’s Vineyard mre - - - N America N America N America Sign Language Marti Ke zmg - - - Australia Australia Australia Martu Wangka mpj Mantjiltjara mnj Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Martu Wangka mwa Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yulparija ylb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Maru mhx Maru mru SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Marwari (India) rwr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Marwari (Pak- mve - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia istan) Masaaba myx - - - Africa Africa Africa Masacara - - - - S America S America S America Masadiit Itneg tis - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

92 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Masai mas Maasai maa Africa Africa Africa Africa Masalit mls Masalit msl Africa Africa Africa Africa Masana mcn Masa mas Africa Africa Africa Africa Masbate Sorsogon bks - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mashco Piro cuj - - - S America S America S America Mashi (Nigeria) jms - - - Africa Africa Africa Mashi (Zambia) mho - - - Africa Africa Africa Masikoro Malagasy msh - - - Africa Africa Africa Masimasi ism - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Masiwang bnf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maskelynes klv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maskoy Pidgin mhh - - - S America S America S America Maslam msv - - - Africa Africa Africa Masmaje mes - - - Africa Africa Africa Massalat mdg - - - Africa Africa Africa Mat´ıs mpq mts S America S America S America S America Matagalpa mtn - - - N America N America N America Matal mfh - - - Africa Africa Africa Matanaw´ı - - - - S America S America S America Matbat xmt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Matengo mgv - - - Africa Africa Africa Matepi mqe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Matigsalug mbt Kulamanen kuz SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Manobo Matipuhy mzo - - - S America S America S America Ar´ara axg - - - S America S America S America Mator mtm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mats´es mcf Mats´es myr S America S America S America S America Mattole mvb Mattole mtl N America N America N America N America Matumbi mgw Matuumbi mtb Africa Africa Africa Africa Matya Samo stj - - - Africa Africa Africa Maung mph Maung mau Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mauwake mhl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mawa (Chad) mcw - - - Africa Africa Africa Mawa (Nigeria) wma - - - Africa Africa Africa Mawak mjj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mawakwa - - - - S America S America S America Mawan mcz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mawayana mzx - - - S America S America S America Mawchi mke Mawchi mwc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mawes mgk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Maxakal´ı mbl Maxakal´ı max S America S America S America S America Maxi Gbe mxl - - - Africa Africa Africa Maya Samo sym - - - Africa Africa Africa Mayaguduna xmy - - - Australia Australia Australia Mayeka myc - - - Africa Africa Africa

93 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Maykulan mnt Mayi-Yapi myy Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mayo mfy Mayo myo N America N America N America N America Mayogo mdm - - - Africa Africa Africa Mayoruna-Amazon - - - - S America S America S America Mayoruna- - - - - S America S America S America Jandiatuba Mayoruna- - - - - S America S America S America Tabatinga Mayoyao Ifugao ifu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mazagway dkx Daba dab Africa Africa Africa Africa Mazaltepec Za- zpy - - - N America N America N America potec Mazanderani mzn Mazanderani mzn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mazatl´anMazatec vmz - - - N America N America N America Mazatl´anMixe mzl - - - N America N America N America Mba mfc Mba mba Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbabaram vmb Mbabaram mbb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mbala mdp - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbalanhu lnb Mbalanhu mhu Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbandja zmz - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbangala mxg - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbangi mgn - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbangwe zmn - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbara (Australia) mvl - - - Australia Australia Australia Mbara (Chad) mpk Mbara mbr Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbariman- zmv - - - Australia Australia Australia Gudhinma Mbati mdn - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbato gwa - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbay myb Mbay mby Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbe mfo - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbe’ mtk Mbe’ mbz Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbedam xmd - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbelime mql - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbere mdt Mbere mbe Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbesa zms - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbiywom - - - - Australia Australia Australia Mbo (Cameroon) mbo - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbo (Democratic zmw - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Mboi moi - - - Africa Africa Africa Mboko mdu - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbole mdq Mbole mbl Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbonga xmb - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbongno bgu - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbosi mdw - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbowe mxo - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbre mka - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbu’ muc - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbugu mhd Mbugu mbg Africa Africa Africa Africa

94 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Mbugwe mgz - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbuko mqb - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbukushu mhw - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbula mna Mangap-Mbula mmb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mbula-Bwazza mbu - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbule mlb - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbulungish mbv - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbum mdd Mbum mbm Africa Africa Africa Africa Mbunda mck - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbunga mgy - - - Africa Africa Africa Mburku bbt - - - Africa Africa Africa Mbwela mfu - - - Africa Africa Africa Mby´aGuaran´ı gun - - - S America S America S America Me’en mym Me’en mee Africa Africa Africa Africa Mea meg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Medebur mjm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Media Lengua mue - - - S America S America S America Mediak mwx - - - Africa Africa Africa Medumba byv - - - Africa Africa Africa Mefele mfj - - - Africa Africa Africa Megam mef - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Megleno Romanian ruq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mehek nux Mehek mhk Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mehin´aku mmh - - - S America S America S America Mehri gdq Mehri meh Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mekeo mek Mekeo mke SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mekmek mvk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mekwei msf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Melo mfx - - - Africa Africa Africa Melpa med - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Memoni mby - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mendalam Kayan xkd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mendankwe- mfd - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkwen Mende (Papua sim - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia New Guinea) Mende (Sierra men Mende mde Africa Africa Africa Africa Leone) Mengaka xmg - - - Africa Africa Africa Mengen mee - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mengisa mct - - - Africa Africa Africa Menka mea - - - Africa Africa Africa Menominee mez Menomini men N America N America N America N America Mentawai mwv Mentawai mnt SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Menya mcr Menya mey Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Meoswar mvx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mer mnu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Meramera mxm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

95 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Merei lmb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Merey meq - - - Africa Africa Africa Meroitic xmr - - - Africa Africa Africa Meru mer - - - Africa Africa Africa Merwari wry - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mesaka iyo - - - Africa Africa Africa Mescalero- apm Apache (Chiric- apc N America N America N America N America Chiricahua Apache ahua) Mese mci - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Meskwaki sac Fox fox N America N America N America N America Mesme zim - - - Africa Africa Africa Mesmes mys - - - Africa Africa Africa Mesopotamian acm Arabic (Iraqi) arq Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arabic Mesqan mvz - - - Africa Africa Africa Meta’ mgo - - - Africa Africa Africa Metlat´onoc Mixtec mxv - - - N America N America N America Mewari mtr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mewati wtm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mexican Sign Lan- mfs - - - N America N America N America guage Meyah mej Meyah mea Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mezontla Popoloca pbe Popoloca (Met- pop N America N America N America N America zontla) Mezquital Otomi ote Otom´ı(Mezquital) otm N America N America N America N America Mfinu zmf - - - Africa Africa Africa Mfumte nfu - - - Africa Africa Africa Mi’kmaq mic Micmac mic N America N America N America N America Miahuatl´an Za- zam - - - N America N America N America potec Miami mia Illinois ill N America N America N America N America Mian mpt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Miani pla - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia crg Michif mcf N America N America N America N America Michoac´an Maza- mmc Mazahua maz N America N America N America N America hua Michoac´an Nahu- ncl Nahuatl (Mi- nhm N America N America N America N America atl choac´an) Mid Grand Valley dnt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Dani Mid-Southern bjo - - - Africa Africa Africa Banda Middle Watut mpl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Midob mei Midob mid Africa Africa Africa Africa Migaama mmy Migama mig Africa Africa Africa Africa Migabac mpp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Miju-Mishmi mxj Miju mij SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mikasuki mik Mikasuki mki N America N America N America N America Mili ymh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Millcayac - - - - S America S America S America Miltu mlj - - - Africa Africa Africa Miluk iml - - - N America N America N America Mimi-Nachtigal - - - - Africa Africa Africa Min Bei Chinese mnp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

96 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Min Dong Chinese cdo Fuzhou fuz SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Min Nan Chinese nan Chaozhou chz SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia hok SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Taiwanese taq SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Xiamen xia SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Min Zhong Chinese czo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mina (Cameroon) hna - - - Africa Africa Africa Mina (India) myi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Minangkabau min Minangkabau min SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Minanibai mcv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Minaveha mvn Minaveha mnv SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Minderico drc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mindiri mpn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mingang Doso mko - - - Africa Africa Africa Mingrelian xmf Mingrelian mgl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Minica Huitoto hto Huitoto htt S America S America S America S America Huitoto (Minica) hmi S America S America S America S America Minidien wii - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Minigir vmg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Minkin - - - - Australia Australia Australia Minokok mqq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Minriq mnq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mintil mzt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miqie yiq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mirandese mwl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mire mvh - - - Africa Africa Africa Mirgan zrg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miriti mmv - - - S America S America S America Miriwung mep Miriwung mir Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mirpur Panjabi pmu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miship mjs - - - Africa Africa Africa Mising = Padam = mrg Mising msg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miri Mithaka - - - - Australia Australia Australia zaw Zapotec (Mitla) zap N America N America N America N America Mitlatongo Mixtec vmm - - - N America N America N America Mittu mwu - - - Africa Africa Africa Mituku zmq Mituku mit Africa Africa Africa Africa Miu mpo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Miwa vmi - - - Australia Australia Australia Mixifore mfg - - - Africa Africa Africa mix - - - N America N America N America zpm Zapotec (Mixte- zam N America N America N America N America pec) Miya mkf Miya miy Africa Africa Africa Africa Miyobe soy - - - Africa Africa Africa Mlabri mra Mlabri (Minor) mlm SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

97 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Mlahs¨o lhs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mlap kja - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mlomp mlo - - - Africa Africa Africa Mmaala mmu - - - Africa Africa Africa Mmen bfm - - - Africa Africa Africa Mo’da gbn - - - Africa Africa Africa Moba mfq - - - Africa Africa Africa Mobilian mod - - - N America N America N America Mobumrin Aizi ahm - - - Africa Africa Africa Mochi old Chaga cga Africa Africa Africa Africa Mochica omc Mochica mcc S America S America S America S America Mocho mhc - - - N America N America N America Mocov´ı moc Mocov´ı mcv S America S America S America S America Modang mxd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Modern Greek ell Greek (Cypriot) gcy Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Greek (Modern) grk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Modole mqo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Moere mvq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mofu-Gudur mif Mofu-Gudur mof Africa Africa Africa Africa Mogholi mhj Moghol mog Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mogum mou - - - Africa Africa Africa Mohave mov Mojave N America N America N America N America Mohawk moh Mohawk moh N America N America N America N America Mohegan- mof Mahican mhc N America N America N America N America Montauk- Narragansett Moi (Congo) mow - - - Africa Africa Africa Moikodi mkp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Moingi mwz - - - Africa Africa Africa Moji ymi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mok mqt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia mwt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mokerang mft - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Moklen mkm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mokole mkl - - - Africa Africa Africa Mokpwe bri Bakueri bku Africa Africa Africa Africa Moksela vms - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Moksha mdf Mordvin (Moksha) mmo Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Molale mbe Molala mll N America N America N America N America Molbog pwm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Moldova Sign Lan- vsi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Molengue bxc - - - Africa Africa Africa Molima mox - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Molmo One aun One one Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Molo zmo - - - Africa Africa Africa Molof msl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Moloko mlw - - - Africa Africa Africa

98 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Mom Jango ver - - - Africa Africa Africa Moma myl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Momare msz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mombum mso Mombum mom Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Momina mmb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Momuna mqf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mon mnw Mon mon SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Monastic Sign Lan- mzg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Mondropolon npn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mongo lol Mongo mgo Africa Africa Africa Africa Mongol mgt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mongolia Buriat bxm Buriat but Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mongolian Sign msr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Mongondow mog Mongondow mgd SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Moni mnz Moni mni Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Monimbo mom - - - N America N America N America Mono (Cameroon) mru - - - Africa Africa Africa Mono (Democratic mnh - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Mono (Solomon Is- mte Mono-Alu moa SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia lands) Mono (USA) mnr Mono (in United mno N America N America N America N America States) Monom moo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Monsang Naga nmh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Montagnais moe Montagnais mtg N America N America N America N America Montol mtl - - - Africa Africa Africa Monumbo mxk Monumbo mbo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Monzombo moj - - - Africa Africa Africa Moo gwg - - - Africa Africa Africa Moose Cree crm - - - N America N America N America Mop´anMaya mop Mopan mop N America N America N America N America Mor (Bomberai moq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Peninsula) Mor (Mor Islands) mhz Mor mor SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Moraid msg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Morawa mze - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Morelos Nahuatl nhm Nahuatl (Milpa nmp N America N America N America N America Alta) Morerebi xmo - - - S America S America S America Moresada msx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mori Atas mzq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mori Bawah xmz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Morigi mdb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Morike - - - - S America S America S America Morisyen mfe Mauritian Creole mcr Other Africa Africa Africa Moro mor Moro mro Africa Africa Africa Africa ary Arabic (Moroccan) amr Africa Africa Africa Africa Moroccan Sign xms - - - Africa Africa Africa Language Morokodo mgc - - - Africa Africa Africa

99 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Morom bdo - - - Africa Africa Africa Moronene mqn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Morori mok Moraori mri Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Morouas mrp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Moru mgd Moru mou Africa Africa Africa Africa Moset´en-Chiman´e cas Moset´en mos S America S America S America S America Mosimo mqv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mosiro mwy - - - Africa Africa Africa Moskona mtj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mossi mos Moor´e moo Africa Africa Africa Africa Motu meu Motu mtu SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mouk-Aria mwh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mountain Koiali kpx Koiali (Mountain) kmo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Movima mzp Movima mov S America S America S America S America Moyadan Itneg ity - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia nmo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mozambican Sign mzy - - - Africa Africa Africa Language Mozarabic mxi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mpade mpi - - - Africa Africa Africa Mpalityan-Lutigh - - - - Australia Australia Australia Mpi mpz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mpiemo mcx - - - Africa Africa Africa Mpongmpong mgg - - - Africa Africa Africa Mpoto mpa - - - Africa Africa Africa Mpotovoro mvt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mpra - - - - Africa Africa Africa Mpuono zmp - - - Africa Africa Africa Mpur akc Mpur mpu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mro Chin cmr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mru mro - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mser kqx - - - Africa Africa Africa Mt. Iraya Agta atl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mt. Iriga Agta agz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mualang mtd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Mubami tsx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mubi mub - - - Africa Africa Africa Mudbura mwd mdb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mudhili Gadaba gau - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mudu Koraga vmd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mufian aoj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mugom muk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Muinane bmr Muinane mui S America S America S America S America Mukha-Dora mmk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mukulu moz Mokilko mko Africa Africa Africa Africa Mulaha mfw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

100 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Mulam mlm Mulao mul SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mullu Kurumba kpb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mullukmulluk mpb Malakmalak mlk Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Muluridyi vmu - - - Australia Australia Australia Mum kqa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mumuye mzm Mumuye mum Africa Africa Africa Africa Muna mnb Muna mna SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Munda unx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mundabli boe - - - Africa Africa Africa Mundang mua Mundang mdg Africa Africa Africa Africa Mundani mnf Mundani mud Africa Africa Africa Africa Mundari unr Bhumij bhu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mundari mun Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mundat mmf - - - Africa Africa Africa Munduruk´u myu Munduruk´u muu S America S America S America S America Mungaka mhk Mungaka mgk Africa Africa Africa Africa Munggui mth - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mungkip mpv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Muniche myr - - - S America S America S America Munit mtc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Munji mnj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Munsee umu Munsee mse N America N America N America N America Muong mtq Muong muo SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Muratayak asx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mure - - - - S America S America S America Murik () mxr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Murik (Papua New mtf Murik mrk Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Murkim rmh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Murle mur Murle mrl Africa Africa Africa Africa Murrinh-Patha mwf Murrinh-Patha mpa Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Mursi muz Mursi mur Africa Africa Africa Africa Murui Huitoto huu Huitoto (Murui) hum S America S America S America S America Murupi mqw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Muruwari zmu Muruwari mrw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Musar mmi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Musasa smm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Musey mse - - - Africa Africa Africa Musgu mug Musgu mgu Africa Africa Africa Africa Mushungulu xma - - - Africa Africa Africa Musi mui - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Muskum mje - - - Africa Africa Africa Muslim Tat ttt Tat (Muslim) tmu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Musom msu Musom msm SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Muthuvan muv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mutu tuc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

101 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Muya mvm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Muyang muy - - - Africa Africa Africa Muyuw myw Muyuw muy SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Muzi ymz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mvanip mcj - - - Africa Africa Africa Mvuba mxh - - - Africa Africa Africa Mwaghavul sur Mupun mup Africa Africa Africa Africa Mwan moa - - - Africa Africa Africa Mwani wmw - - - Africa Africa Africa Mwatebu mwa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Mwera (Chimwera) mwe Mwera mwe Africa Africa Africa Africa Mwera (Nyasa) mjh - - - Africa Africa Africa Mwimbi- mws - - - Africa Africa Africa Muthambi Myene mye Mpongwe mpo Africa Africa Africa Africa Mzieme Naga nme - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia N/u ngh - - - Africa Africa Africa NE Tasmanian Di- - - - - Australia Australia Australia alect Chain N¨upode Huitoto hux Huitoto (Muinane) hmu S America S America S America S America N´a-Meo neo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Na nbt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Na’ahai mlx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Naaba nao - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Naasioi nas Nasioi nas Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Naba mne - - - Africa Africa Africa Nabak naf Nabak nab Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nabi mty - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nachering ncd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nad¨eb mbj Nad¨eb nad S America S America S America S America Nafaanra nfr Nafaanra naf Africa Africa Africa Africa Nafi srf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nafri nxx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nafusi jbn - - - Africa Africa Africa Naga Pidgin nag Naga Pidgin npn Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nagarchal nbg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nage nxe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Nagumi ngv - - - Africa Africa Africa Nahali nlx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nahari nhh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nai bio - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Najanga-Kindige dbu - - - Africa Africa Africa ars - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nakai nkj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nakama nib - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nakanai nak Nakanai nak SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nakara nck Nakkara nkk Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia

102 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Nake nbk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Naki mff - - - Africa Africa Africa Nakwi nax - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nalca nlc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nali nss - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nalu naj - - - Africa Africa Africa Naluo Yi ylo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nama () naq Khoekhoe kho Africa Africa Africa Africa Nama (Papua New nmx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Namat nkm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nambo ncm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nambya nmq - - - Africa Africa Africa Namia nnm Namia nam Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Namiae nvm Barai baa Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Namibian Sign nbs - - - Africa Africa Africa Language Namla naa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Namo mxw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Namosi-Naitasiri- bwb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Serua Namuyi nmy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nanai gld Nanai nai Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nancere nnc - - - Africa Africa Africa Nande nnb Nande nde Africa Africa Africa Africa Nandu nfd - - - Africa Africa Africa Nanerig´eS´enoufo sen - - - Africa Africa Africa Nangikurrunggurr nam Ngan’gityemerri ngg Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngankikurungkurr ngk Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nankina nnk Nankina nnk Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nanti cox - - - S America S America S America Nanticoke nnt Nanticoke nnt N America N America N America N America Nanubae afk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Napeca - - - - S America S America S America Napo Lowland qvo - - - S America S America S America Quechua Napu npy Napu npu SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Nar Phu npa Nar-Phu nph SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nara nrb Nara (in Ethiopia) nar Africa Africa Africa Africa Narak nac - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Narango nrg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Narau nxu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Narim loh - - - Africa Africa Africa Naro nhr Nharo nro Africa Africa Africa Africa Narom nrm Narom nrm SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Narrinyeri nay Ngarinyeri ngr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Narungga nnr - - - Australia Australia Australia Nasarian nvh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Naskapi nsk Naskapi nsk N America N America N America N America

103 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Natagaimas nts - - - S America S America S America Natanzi ntz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nataoran Amis ais - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Natchez ncz Natchez nat N America N America N America N America Nateni ntm Nateni ntn Africa Africa Africa Africa Nathembo nte - - - Africa Africa Africa Natioro nti - - - Africa Africa Africa Nauete nxa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Naukan Yupik ynk Yupik (Naukan) yna N America Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nauo - - - - Australia Australia Australia Navahaq sns - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Navajo nav Navajo nav N America N America N America N America Navut nsw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nawa - - - - S America S America S America Nawaru nwr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nawathinehena nwa - - - N America N America N America Nawdm nmz - - - Africa Africa Africa Nawuri naw - - - Africa Africa Africa Naxi nbf Naxi nax SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nayi noz - - - Africa Africa Africa Nayini nyq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ncane ncr - - - Africa Africa Africa Nchumbulu nlu - - - Africa Africa Africa Nda’nda’ nnz - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndai gke - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndaka ndk - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndaktup ncp - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndali ndh - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndam ndm - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndamba ndj - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndasa nda - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndau ndc - - - Africa Africa Africa Nde-Gbite ned - - - Africa Africa Africa Nde-Nsele-Nta ndd - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndemli nml - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndendeule dne - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndengereko ndg - - - Africa Africa Africa Nding eli - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndo ndp - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndobo ndw - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndoe nbb - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndogo ndz Ndogo ndg Africa Africa Africa Africa Ndolo ndl - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndom nqm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ndombe ndq - - - Africa Africa Africa

104 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ndonde Hamba njd - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndonga ndo Ndonga ndo Africa Africa Africa Africa Ndoola ndr - - - Africa Africa Africa Nduga ndx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ndumu nmd Ndumu ndu Africa Africa Africa Africa Ndunda nuh - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndunga ndt Mondunga mga Africa Africa Africa Africa Ndut ndv Ndut ndt Africa Africa Africa Africa Ndyuka-Trio Pid- njt - - - S America S America S America gin Neapolitan nap Italian (Napolita- itn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nian) Nedebang nec - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia nef - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Negeri Sembilan zmi Malay (Ulu Muar) mmu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Malay Negidal neg Negidal neg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nek nif - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nekgini nkg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Neko nej - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Neku nek - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Neme nex - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nemi nem - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nen nqn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nend anh Nend nnd Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nenets yrk Nenets nen Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nenets (Tundra) ntu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nengone nen Nengone nne SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nepalese Sign Lan- nsp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Nepali Kurux kxl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nepali nep Nepali nep Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nete net - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia New Caledonian jas - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Javanese New River Shasta - - - - N America N America N America New Zealand Sign nzs New Zealand Sign nzs Other Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Language Language Newari new Newari (Dolakha) nwd SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Newari (Kath- new SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia mandu) Neyo ney - - - Africa Africa Africa Nez Perce nez Nez Perce nez N America N America N America N America Ng¨abere gym Ng¨abere nbr S America N America N America N America Nga La hlt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia ntj Ngaanyatjarra ntj Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngad’a nxg Ngad’a ngd SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ngadjunmaya nju Ngadjumaja ngj Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngaing nnf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ngaju nij Oloh Mangtangai olm SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pulopetak plp SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ngala nud - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

105 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ngala-Santandrea - - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngalakan nig Ngalakan ngl Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngalkbun ngk Ngalkbun nkb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngalum szb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ngam nmc - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngamambo nbv - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngambay sba Ngambay ngm Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngamini nmv - - - Australia Australia Australia Ngamo nbh - - - Africa Africa Africa Nganasan nio Nganasan nga Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nid Ngandi ngn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngando (Central ngd - - - Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Ngando (Demo- nxd - - - Africa Africa Africa cratic Republic of Congo) Ngandyera nne - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngangam gng - - - Africa Africa Africa Nganyaywana nyx - - - Australia Australia Australia nbj Bilinara bnr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngarinyman ngy Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia ung Ungarinjin ung Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia nlr - - - Australia Australia Australia Ngas anc anc Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngasa nsg - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngawn Chin cnw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ngawun nxn Ngawun ngw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngbaka Ma’bo nbm - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngbaka Manza ngg - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngbaka Minagende nga Ngbaka ngb Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngbee jgb - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngbinda nbd - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngbundu nuu - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngelima agh Lebeo leb Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngemba nge Ngemba nge Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngeq ngt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ngete nnn - - - Africa Africa Africa Nggem nbq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nggwahyi ngx - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngie ngj - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngiemboon nnh - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngile jle Masakin msk Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngindo nnq - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngiti niy Ngiti nti Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngizim ngi Ngizim ngz Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngkˆalmpw Kanum kcd Kanum knp Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia (Ngkˆalmpw) Ngkot - - - - Australia Australia Australia Ngom nra - - - Africa Africa Africa

106 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ngomba jgo - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngombale nla - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngombe (Central nmj - - - Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Ngombe (Demo- ngc Doko dok Africa Africa Africa Africa cratic Republic of Congo) Ngombe nbe Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngong nnx - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngongo noq - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngoni ngo Ngoni ngo Africa Africa Africa Africa Ngoshie nsh - - - Africa Africa Africa Nguˆon nuo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ngul nlo - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngulu ngp - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngumbi nui - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngundi ndn - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngundu nue - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngungwel ngz - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngura nbx Wangkumara wan Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngurimi ngq - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngurmbur nrx - - - Australia Australia Australia Ngwaba ngw - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngwe nwe - - - Africa Africa Africa Ngwo ngn - - - Africa Africa Africa Nhanda nha Nhanda nha Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nhengatu yrl - - - S America S America S America nhf - - - Australia Australia Australia Nias nia Nias nia SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Nicaraguan Sign ncs - - - N America N America N America Language Niellim nie Lua lua Africa Africa Africa Africa Nigeria Mambila mzk Mambila mla Africa Africa Africa Africa Nigerian Fulfulde fuv Fula (Nigerian) fni Africa Africa Africa Africa Nigerian Pidgin pcm Nigerian Pidgin npi Other Africa Africa Africa Nigerian Sign Lan- nsi - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Nihali nll Nahali nah Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nii nii - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nijadali nad - - - Australia Australia Australia Niksek gbe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nila nil - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nilamba nim - - - Africa Africa Africa Nimadi noe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nimanbur nmp - - - Australia Australia Australia Nimbari nmr - - - Africa Africa Africa Nimboran nir Nimboran nim Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nimi nis - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nimo niw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nimoa nmw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

107 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ninam shb Shiriana shi S America S America S America S America Nindi nxi - - - Africa Africa Africa Ninggerum nxr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ningil niz Ningil nin Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ningye nns - - - Africa Africa Africa Ninia Yali nlk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ninzo nin - - - Africa Africa Africa Nipsan nps - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nisenan nsz Nisenan nsn N America N America N America N America Nisga’a ncg Nisgha nsg N America N America N America N America Nisi (China) yso - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nisi (India) dap Nishi nis SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nivacl´e cag Chulup´ı chu S America S America S America S America Njalgulgule njl - - - Africa Africa Africa Njebi nzb - - - Africa Africa Africa Njen njj - - - Africa Africa Africa Njerep njr - - - Africa Africa Africa Njyem njy - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkangala nkn - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkari nkz - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkem-Nkum isi Nkem nke Africa Africa Africa Africa Nkhumbi khu - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkongho nkc - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkonya nko Nkonya nkn Africa Africa Africa Africa Nkoroo nkx - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkoya nka - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkukoli nbo - - - Africa Africa Africa Nkutu nkw - - - Africa Africa Africa Nnam nbp - - - Africa Africa Africa Nobiin fia Nobiin nob Africa Africa Africa Africa Nobonob gaw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nocam´an nom - - - S America S America S America Nocte Naga njb Nocte noc SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nogai nog Noghay nog Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Noghay (Kara- nok Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia gash) Tatar-Noghay (Al- tlb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia abugat) Yurt Tatar yta Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Noiri noi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nomaande lem - - - Africa Africa Africa Nomane nof - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nomatsiguenga not Nomatsiguenga nom S America S America S America S America Nomu noh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nong Zhuang zhn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nonuya noj - - - S America S America S America Nooksack nok - - - N America N America N America

108 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Noon snf Noon noo Africa Africa Africa Africa Noone nhu Noni non Africa Africa Africa Africa Nootka noo - - - N America N America N America Nopala Chatino cya Chatino (Nopala) cht N America N America N America N America Norn nrn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Norra nrr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia North Alaskan Inu- esi I˜nupiaq inu N America N America N America N America piatun North Ambrym mmg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Asmat nks - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Awyu yir - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Azerbaijani azj Azerbaijani aze Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia North Bolivian qul Quechua (Boli- qbo S America S America S America S America Quechua vian) North Central neq - - - N America N America N America Mixe North Fali fll - - - Africa Africa Africa North Giziga gis Giziga giz Africa Africa Africa Africa North Jun´ın qvn Quechua (Tarma) qta S America S America S America S America Quechua North Levantine apc Arabic (Beirut) abe Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arabic Arabic (Lebanese) arl Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arabic (North Lev- anl Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia antine Spoken) Arabic (Syrian) asy Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia North ayp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Mesopotamian Arabic North Mofu mfk - - - Africa Africa Africa North Moluccan max - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Malay North Muyu kti - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Ndebele nde - - - Africa Africa Africa North Nuaulu nni Nuaulu nua SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Slavey scs Slave sla N America N America N America N America North Tairora tbg Tairora trr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Wahgi whg Wahgi wah Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Watut una - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North Wemale weo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia North-Midlands - - - - Australia Australia Australia Northeast Kiwai kiw Kiwai kiw Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Northeast Maidu nmu Maidu (Northeast) mne N America N America N America N America Northeast Pashayi aee - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northeastern dip Dinka din Africa Africa Africa Africa Dinka Northeastern pef - - - N America N America N America Pomo Northeastern Thai tts - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Alta aqn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Northern Altai atv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Bai bfc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Betsimis- bmm - - - Africa Africa Africa araka Malagasy Northern Binukid- kyn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia non Northern Bobo bbo Bobo Fing bbf Africa Africa Africa Africa Madar´e Northern Conchu- qxn - - - S America S America S America cos Ancash 109 Quechua Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Northern Dagara dgi - - - Africa Africa Africa Northern Dong doc Dong don SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kam (Zhanglu) kzh SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern East crl Cree (Eastern) cea N America N America N America N America Cree Northern Ember´a emp Embera emb S America S America S America S America Northern Frisian frr Frisian (North) fno Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Ghale ghh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Gondi gno Gondi gon Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Grebo gbo - - - Africa Africa Africa Northern Guiyang huj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Northern Haida hdn Haida hai N America N America N America N America Haida (Northern) hno N America N America N America N America Northern hno - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Huishui hmi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Northern Inland - - - - Australia Australia Australia Yuin Northern xnn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kankanay Northern Khmer kxm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Kissi kqs Kisi kis Africa Africa Africa Africa Northern Kurdish kmr Kurdish (Central) krd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia kji Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Lorung lbr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Luri lrc Luri lur Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Mashan hmp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Northern Muji ymx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Ngbandi ngb Ngbandi ndi Africa Africa Africa Africa Northern Nisu yiv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Nuni nuv Nuni (Northern) nnn Africa Africa Africa Africa Northern Oaxaca nhy - - - N America N America N America Nahuatl Northern Ohlone cst Costanoan cos N America N America N America N America Northern One onr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Northern Paiute pao Paiute (Northern) pno N America N America N America N America Northern Pame pmq - - - N America N America N America pbu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Pastaza qvz - - - S America S America S America Quichua Northern Pomo pej Pomo (Northern) pmn N America N America N America N America Northern Puebla ncj Nahuatl (Huauchi- nhu N America N America N America N America Nahuatl nango) Nahuatl (North nhn N America N America N America N America Puebla) Northern Pumi pmi Pumi pum SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Qian- hea - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dong Miao Northern Qiang cng Qiang qia SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Rengma nnl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Naga Northern Roglai rog Roglai (Northern) rgn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia sme Saami (Northern) sno Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Sierra nsq Miwok (Northern mwn N America N America N America N America Miwok Sierra) Northern Subanen stb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia 110 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Northern Sun- - - - - Australia Australia Australia raysia Northern Tarahu- thh - - - N America N America N America mara Northern Tepe- ntp Tepehuan (North- tpn N America N America N America N America huan ern) Northern Thai nod - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Tiwa twf Tiwa (Northern) twn N America N America N America N America Northern Tlaxiaco xtn - - - N America N America N America Mixtec Northern Toussian tsp Toussian tou Africa Africa Africa Africa Northern Tujia tji - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Tutchone ttm Tutchone (North- tut N America N America N America N America ern) Northern Uzbek uzn Krymchak kym Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Uzbek uzb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Uzbek (Northern) uzn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern Yukaghir ykg Yukaghir (Tundra) ytu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northern- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Tasmanian Northwest esk - - - N America N America N America Inupiatun Northwest Gbaya gya Gbaya Kara gbk Africa Africa Africa Africa Northwest Maidu mjd Konkow knw N America N America N America N America Northwest Oaxaca mxa - - - N America N America N America Mixtec Northwest Pashayi glh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northwestern diw - - - Africa Africa Africa Dinka Northwestern Fars faz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Northwestern Ko- kfb Kolami kol Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia lami Northwestern ojb - - - N America N America N America Ojibwa Northwestern tmk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tamang Norwegian Bokm˚al nob - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Norwegian nno - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Norwegian Sign nsl Norsk Tegnspr˚ak nte Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Notre bly - - - Africa Africa Africa Notsi ncf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nottoway ntw - - - N America N America N America Noy noy - - - Africa Africa Africa Nsari asj - - - Africa Africa Africa Nsenga nse Nsenga nse Africa Africa Africa Africa Nshi nsc - - - Africa Africa Africa Nsongo nsx - - - Africa Africa Africa Ntcham bud - - - Africa Africa Africa Ntomba nto Ntomba nto Africa Africa Africa Africa Nubaca baf - - - Africa Africa Africa Nubi kcn Nubi nub Other Africa Africa Africa Nubri kte - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nuer nus Nuer nue Africa Africa Africa Africa Nugunu (Aus- nnv - - - Australia Australia Australia tralia) Nugunu yas Gunu gun Africa Africa Africa Africa (Cameroon) Nuk noc -111 - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nukak Mak´u mbr Nukak nuk S America S America S America S America Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Nukna klt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nukuini nuc - - - S America S America S America Numana-Nunku- nbr - - - Africa Africa Africa Gbantu-Numbu Numanggang nop - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Numbami sij - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Numee kdk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nung (Myanmar) Anong ano SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nung (Viet Nam) nut Nung (in Vietnam) nun SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nug - - - Australia Australia Australia Nunggubuyu nuy Nunggubuyu nug Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nungu rin - - - Africa Africa Africa Nupbikha npb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nupe-Nupe-Tako nup Nupe nup Africa Africa Africa Africa nul - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nusu nuf Nusu nus SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nyˆalayu yly Nyelˆayu nyl SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nyabwa nwb - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyaheun nev - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nyahkur cbn Nyah Kur (Tha nkt SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pong) Nyakyusa-Ngonde nyy - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyali nlj - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyam nmi - - - Africa Africa Africa nly - - - Australia Australia Australia Nyambo now Nyambo nbo Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyamusa-Molo nwm - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyamwanga mwn - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyamwezi nym Nyamwezi nym Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyaneka nyk - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyang’i nyp Nyangi nyg Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyanga nyj Nyanga nng Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyanga-li nyc - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyangatom nnj - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyangbo nyb - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyangga nny - - - Australia Australia Australia Nyangumarta nna Nyangumarda nyr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nyanja nya Chichewa cic Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyankole nyn Runyankore rny Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyarafolo Senoufo sev - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyaturu rim Rimi rim Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyaw nyw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nyawaygi nyt Nyawaygi nya Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nyemba nba - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyengo nye - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyenkha neh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Nyeu nyl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

112 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA nyh Nyigina nyn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nyiha (Tanzania) nih Nyiha nyh Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyindrou lid - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Nyindu nyg - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyole nuj - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyong muo - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyore nyd - - - Africa Africa Africa Nyoro nyo Runyoro-Rutooro rru Africa Africa Africa Africa Nyulnyul nyv Nyulnyul nyu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nyunga nys Juat jua Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nyungar nju Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Nyungwe nyu - - - Africa Africa Africa Nzakambay nzy - - - Africa Africa Africa Nzakara nzk Nzakara nza Africa Africa Africa Africa Nzanyi nja - - - Africa Africa Africa Nzima nzi - - - Africa Africa Africa O’du tyh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Obanliku bzy - - - Africa Africa Africa Obispe˜no obi - - - N America N America N America Oblo obl - - - Africa Africa Africa Obo Manobo obo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Obokuitai afz Obokuitai obk Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Obolo ann Obolo obo Africa Africa Africa Africa Obulom obu - - - Africa Africa Africa Ocaina oca Ocaina oca S America S America S America S America Occitan oci Occitan occ Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Proven¸cal pro Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ocotepec Mixtec mie Mixtec (Ocotepec) mxo N America N America N America N America Ocotl´anZapotec zac - - - N America N America N America Od odk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Odiai bhf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Odoodee kkc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Odual odu - - - Africa Africa Africa Odut oda - - - Africa Africa Africa Ofay´e opy - - - S America S America S America Ofo ofo - - - N America N America N America Ogbah ogc - - - Africa Africa Africa Ogbia ogb Ogbia ogb Africa Africa Africa Africa Ogbogolo ogg - - - Africa Africa Africa Ogbronuagum ogu Ogbronuagum obg Africa Africa Africa Africa Ogea eri - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oirata oia - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ojitl´anChinantec chj - - - N America N America N America Okanagan oka Okanagan oka N America N America N America N America Okiek oki - - - Africa Africa Africa

113 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Oko-Eni-Osayen oks - - - Africa Africa Africa Oko-Juwoi okj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Okobo okb - - - Africa Africa Africa Okodia okd - - - Africa Africa Africa Okolod kqv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Okpamheri opa - - - Africa Africa Africa Okpe (Northwest- okx - - - Africa Africa Africa ern Edo) Okpe (Southwest- oke - - - Africa Africa Africa ern Edo) Oksapmin opm Oksapmin oks Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oku oku Oku oku Africa Africa Africa Africa Old Kentish Sign okl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Olekha ole - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Olo ong Olo olo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oloma olm - - - Africa Africa Africa Olu’bo lul - - - Africa Africa Africa Olulumo-Ikom iko - - - Africa Africa Africa Oluta Popoluca plo Olutec olu N America N America N America N America Omagua omg Omagua oma S America S America S America S America Omaha-Ponca oma Omaha omh N America N America N America N America acx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Omati mgx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ombamba mbm - - - Africa Africa Africa Ombo oml - - - Africa Africa Africa Omejes ome - - - S America S America S America Ometepec Nahuatl nht - - - N America N America N America Omi omi - - - Africa Africa Africa Omotik omt - - - Africa Africa Africa Omurano omu - - - S America S America S America Ona ona Selknam sel S America S America S America S America Oneida one Oneida ond N America N America N America N America Ong oog - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Onin Based Pidgin onx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Onin oni - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Onjob onj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ono ons Ono ono Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Onobasulu onn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Onondaga ono Onondaga onn N America N America N America N America Ontenu ont - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ontong Java ojv Luangiua lga SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oorlams oor - - - Africa Africa Africa Opao opo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Opata opt Eudeve eud N America N America N America N America Opuuo lgn - - - Africa Africa Africa Orang Kanaq orn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Orang Seletar ors - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

114 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Oraon Sadri sdr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Oregone-Castelnau - - - - S America S America S America Oring org - - - Africa Africa Africa Oriya ori Oriya oya Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Orizaba Nahuatl nlv - - - N America N America N America Orma orc - - - Africa Africa Africa Ormu orz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia oru Ormuri orm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Oro Win orw - - - S America S America S America Oro orx - - - Africa Africa Africa Oroch oac Oroch orc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Oroha ora - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Orok oaa Orok ork Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Orokaiva okv Orokaiva oro Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oroko bdu Bakundu bkn Africa Africa Africa Africa Londo ldo Africa Africa Africa Africa Orokolo oro Orokolo orl Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oroqen orh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Orowe bpk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oruma orr - - - Africa Africa Africa Orya ury Orya ory Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Osage osa Osage osa N America N America N America N America Osatu ost - - - Africa Africa Africa Osing osi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ososo oso - - - Africa Africa Africa Ossetian oss Ossetic oss Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ot Danum otd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Otank uta - - - Africa Africa Africa Oti oti - - - S America S America S America Otomaco - - - - S America S America S America Otoro otr Otoro otr Africa Africa Africa Africa Ottawa otw - - - N America N America N America Otuho lot - - - Africa Africa Africa Otuke otu - - - S America S America S America Ouma oum - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ounge oue - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Owa stn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oweina wsr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Owiniga owi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oy oyb Oi oi SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Oya’oya oyy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Oyda oyd - - - Africa Africa Africa Oyster Bay-Big - Tasmanian (Oyster toy Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia River-Little Swan- Bay to Pitwater) port Ozolotepec Za- zao - - - N America N America N America potec Ozumac´ın Chinan- chz - - - N America N America N America tec

115 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA P¨ari lkr P¨ari par Africa Africa Africa Africa P¨okoot pko Pokot pkt Africa Africa Africa Africa P´aez pbb P´aez pae S America S America S America S America P´emono pev - - - S America S America S America P´ev´e lme Lam´e lam Africa Africa Africa Africa Pa Di pdi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pa’a pqa Pa’a paa Africa Africa Africa Africa Pa’o Karen blk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pa-Hng pha - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Paama pma Paamese pms SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Paasaal sig - - - Africa Africa Africa Pacahuara pcp - - - S America S America S America Pacaraos Quechua qvp - - - S America S America S America Pacific Gulf Yupik ems Alutiiq atq N America N America N America N America Pacoh pac Pacoh pac SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Padoe pdo Padoe pad SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pagi pgi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pagibete pae - - - Africa Africa Africa Pagu pgu Pagu pag Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pahari Potwari phr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pahi lgt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pahlavani phv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia pta - - - S America S America S America Paicˆı pri - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Paipai ppi - - - N America N America N America Paite Chin pck Paite pte SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Paiwan pwn Paiwan pai SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Pakanha pkn Pakanha pak Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Sign Lan- pks Indo-Pakistani ipk Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Sign Language ( dialect) Paku Karen kpp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Paku pku - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pal abw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Palaka Senoufo plr - - - Africa Africa Africa cpa Chinantec cpl N America N America N America N America (Palantla) Palauan pau Palauan pal SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Palenquero pln - - - S America S America S America Palewyami - - - - N America N America N America Pali pli - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Palik´ur plu plk S America S America S America S America Paliyan pcf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pallanganmiddang - - - - Australia Australia Australia Palor fap Palor plr Africa Africa Africa Africa Palpa plp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Palu pbz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Palu’e ple - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

116 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Paluan plz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Palumata pmc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Palya Bareli bpx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pam pmn - - - Africa Africa Africa Pambia pmb - - - Africa Africa Africa Pamona pmf Pamona pna SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pamosu hih - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pampanga pam Kapampangan kpm SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pamplona Atta att - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pana (Burkina pnq - - - Africa Africa Africa Faso) Pana (Central pnz - - - Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Panamint par ¨umpisaShoshone tsh N America N America N America N America Panang pcr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Panao Hu´anuco qxh - - - S America S America S America Quechua Panar´a kre - - - S America S America S America Panasuan psn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pancana pnp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Panchpargania tdb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pande bkj - - - Africa Africa Africa Pangasinan pag Pangasinan pnn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pangseng pgs - - - Africa Africa Africa Pangutaran Sama slm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pangwa pbr Pangwa png Africa Africa Africa Africa pgg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Panim pnr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Paniya pcg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Panjabi pan Panjabi pan Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pankarar´e pax - - - S America S America S America Pankarar´u paz - - - S America S America S America Pankhu pkh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pannei pnc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Panoan Katuk´ına knt - - - S America S America S America Panobo pno - - - S America S America S America Panytyima pnw Panyjima pny Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Pao ppa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Papantla Totonac top Totonac (Pa- tpa N America N America N America N America pantla) Papar dpp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Papasena pas - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Papel pbo - - - Africa Africa Africa Papi ppe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Papitalai pat - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Papora ppu - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia pmy Indonesian (Iri- iir SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia anese) Papuma ppm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Par´aAr´ara aap - - - S America S America S America

117 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Par´aGavi˜ao gvp - - - S America S America S America pzn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Parachi prc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Paraguayan gug Guaran´ı gua S America S America S America S America Guaran´ı Parakan˜a pak - - - S America S America S America Paranan agp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Paranaw´at paf - - - S America S America S America Paraujano pbg - - - S America S America S America Parauk prk Parauk puk SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Paravilhana - - - - S America S America S America Parawen prw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pardhan pch - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pardhi pcl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pare ppt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Parec´ıs pab Parecis prc S America S America S America S America Parenga pcj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Parkari Koli kvx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Parkwa pbi Podoko pod Africa Africa Africa Africa Parsi prp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Parsi-Dari prd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Parya paq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pasi psq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pass Valley Yali yac - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Passe - - - - S America S America S America Patamona pbc - - - S America S America S America Patani ptn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Patax´oH˜a-Ha-H˜ae pth - - - S America S America S America Patep ptp Patep pat SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pattani Malay mfa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pattani lae Pattani ptt SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Patwin - - - - N America N America N America Paulohi plh Paulohi plh SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Paumar´ı pad Paumar´ı pau S America S America S America S America Paunaca - - - - S America S America S America Pauri Bareli bfb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia psm - - - S America S America S America Pauxi - - - - S America S America S America Pauxiana - - - - S America S America S America Pawaia pwa Pawaian paw Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pawnee paw Pawnee pwn N America N America N America N America Payagua - - - - S America S America S America Pe pai - - - Africa Africa Africa Pe˜nolesMixtec mil Mixtec (Pe˜noles) mxp N America N America N America N America Pear pcb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Peba - - - - S America S America S America

118 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Pech pay Pech pec S America N America N America N America Pedi nso Sotho (Northern) stn Africa Africa Africa Africa Peere pfe - - - Africa Africa Africa Pei ppq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pekal pel - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pela bxd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pele-Ata ata - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pelende ppp - - - Africa Africa Africa aoc Pemon pem S America S America S America S America Penang Sign Lan- psg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Pendau ums - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pengo peg Pengo pen Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pennsylvania Ger- pdc - - - N America N America N America man Pentlatch ptw - - - N America N America N America Peranakan Indone- pea - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia sian Peripheral Mongo- mvf Ordos ord Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia lian Pero pip Pero per Africa Africa Africa Africa Persian Sign Lan- psc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Peruvian Sign Lan- prl - - - S America S America S America guage Petapa Zapotec zpe - - - N America N America N America Petjo pey - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pfaelzisch pfl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phai prt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phake phk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phala ypa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phalura phl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phana’ phq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phangduwali phw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phende pem - - - Africa Africa Africa Philippine Sign psp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Language Phimbi phm - - - Africa Africa Africa Phola ypg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pholo yip - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nph - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phong-Kniang pnx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phrae Pwo Karen kjt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phu Thai pht - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phuan phu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phudagi phd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phuie pug - - - Africa Africa Africa Phukha phh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phunoi pho - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Phuong phg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Piame pin - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Piapoco pio Piapoco ppc S America S America S America S America

119 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Piaroa pid Piaroa pia S America S America S America S America Picard pcd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pichis Ash´eninka cpu - - - S America S America S America Pidgin Delaware dep - - - N America N America N America Piemontese pms Italian (Turinese) itu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pijao pij - - - S America S America S America Pije piz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pijin pis - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pilag´a plg Pilag´a pga S America S America S America S America Pima Bajo pia Pima Bajo pba N America N America N America N America Pimbwe piw - - - Africa Africa Africa Pinai-Hagahai pnn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pini pii - - - Australia Australia Australia Pinigura pnv - - - Australia Australia Australia Pinji pic - - - Africa Africa Africa Pinotepa Nacional mio Mixtec (Jicaltepec) mxj N America N America N America N America Mixtec Pintiini pti - - - Australia Australia Australia - piu Pintupi pin Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Pinyin pny - - - Africa Africa Africa Piper-River-Cape- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Portland Pipil ppl Pipil pip N America N America N America N America Pirah˜a myp Pirah˜a prh S America S America S America S America Piratapuyo pir Piratapuyo prt S America S America S America S America Pirlatapa bxi - - - Australia Australia Australia Piro pie - - - N America N America N America Pirriya - - - - Australia Australia Australia Piru ppr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pisabo pig - - - S America S America S America Pisaflores Tepehua tpp - - - N America N America N America Pisamira - - - - S America S America S America Piscataway psy - - - N America N America N America sje - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Piti pcn - - - Africa Africa Africa pjt Pitjantjatjara pit Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Western Desert wdo Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia (Ooldea) Pitta Pitta pit Pitta Pitta ppi Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Piu pix - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Piya-Kwonci piy - - - Africa Africa Africa Plains Cree crk Cree (Plains) cre N America N America N America N America Plains Indian Sign psd Plains-Indians Sign psl Other N America N America N America Language Language Plains Miwok pmw Miwok (Plains) mwp N America N America N America N America Plapo Krumen ktj - - - Africa Africa Africa Plateau Malagasy plt Malagasy mal SE Asia & O Africa Africa Africa Playero gob Playero pla S America S America S America S America Pnar pbv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

120 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Pochuri Naga npo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Podena pdn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pogolo poy Pogoro pog Africa Africa Africa Africa Pokang´a pok - - - S America S America S America Poke pof - - - Africa Africa Africa Pokomo pkb - - - Africa Africa Africa Polabian pox Polabian plb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Polari pld - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Polci plj - - - Africa Africa Africa Polish Sign Lan- pso - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Polish pol Polish pol Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Polonombauk plb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pom pmo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pomo pmm - - - Africa Africa Africa Ponares pod - - - S America S America S America Pongu png Akwa awk Africa Africa Africa Africa Pongyong pgy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ponosakan pns - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Pontic pnt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Popti’ jac Jakaltek jak N America N America N America N America Poqomam poc Pocomam pcm N America N America N America N America Pocomam Oriental poc N America N America N America N America Poqomchi’ poh Pokomch´ı pkm N America N America N America N America Porohanon prh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Port Sandwich psw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Port Sorell - - - - Australia Australia Australia Port Vato ptv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Portuguese Sign psr L´ıngua Gestual lgp Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Portuguesa Portuguese por Portuguese por Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Potawatomi pot Potawatomi pot N America N America N America N America Potigu´ara pog - - - S America S America S America Pottangi Ollar gdb Gadaba gdk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gadaba Poumei Naga pmx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pouye bye - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Powari pwr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Powhatan pim Powhatan pow N America N America N America N America Poyan´awa pyn - - - S America S America S America Prasuni prn Prasuni pra Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pray 3 pry - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Prussian prg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Psikye kvj - - - Africa Africa Africa Pu Ko puk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pu-Xian Chinese cpx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pudtol Atta atp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Puelche pue G¨un¨unaK¨une gku S America S America S America S America

121 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Puerto Rican Sign psl - - - N America N America N America Language Puimei Naga npu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Puinave pui Puinave pui S America S America S America S America Pulaar fuc Fula (Mauritanian) fma Africa Africa Africa Africa Fula (Senegal) fus Africa Africa Africa Africa Pulabu pup - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pular fuf Fula (Guinean) fgu Africa Africa Africa Africa Pum´e yae Yaruro yrr S America S America S America S America Puma pum - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pumpokol xpm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Punan Aput pud - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Punan Bah-Biau pna - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Punan Batu 1 pnm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Punan Merah puf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Punan Merap puc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Punan Tubu puj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Puno Quechua qxp - - - S America S America S America Punu puu - - - Africa Africa Africa Puoc puo Ksingmul ksi SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Puquina puq Puquina puq S America S America S America S America Puragi pru - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Purari iar - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Purepecha tsz Pur´epecha pur N America N America N America N America Puri prr - - - S America S America S America Purik prx Purki prk SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Purisime˜no puy - - - N America N America N America Purubor´a pur - - - S America S America S America Purum Naga puz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Purum pub - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Putai mfl - - - Africa Africa Africa Putoh put - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Putukwam afe - - - Africa Africa Africa Puyuma pyu - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Pwaamei pme - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pwapwa pop - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Pwo Eastern Karen kjp Karen (Pwo) kpw SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pwo Northern pww Phlong phl SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karen Pwo Western pwo Karen (Pwo) kpw SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Karen Pyapun pcw - - - Africa Africa Africa Pye Krumen pye - - - Africa Africa Africa Pyen pyy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Pyu pby - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia ’anjob’al kjb Kanjobal (Eastern) kea N America N America N America N America Qabiao laq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Qaqet byx Baining bng Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

122 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Qashqa’i qxq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Qawasqar alc Qawasqar qaw S America S America S America S America Qila Muji ymq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Qimant ahg Kemant kem Africa Africa Africa Africa Qiubei Zhuang zqe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Quapaw qua - - - N America N America N America Quebec Sign Lan- fcs Langue des Signes lsq Other N America N America N America guage Qu´ebecoise Quechan yum Quechan que N America N America N America N America Quer´etaroOtomi otq Otom´ı (Santiago osm N America N America N America N America Mexquititlan) Quetzaltepec Mixe pxm - - - N America N America N America Queyu qvy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Quiavicuzas Za- zpj - - - N America N America N America potec Quileute qui Quileute qui N America N America N America N America Quinault qun - - - N America N America N America Quinqui quq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Quioquitani-Quier´ı ztq - - - N America N America N America Zapotec Quiotepec Chinan- chq Chinantec (Quiote- chq N America N America N America N America tec pec) ´eunion Creole rcf - - - Africa Africa Africa French Rabha rah - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rade rad Rade rad SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rahambuu raz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rajah Kabun- mqk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia suwan Manobo Rajbanshi rjs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Raji rji - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rajong rjg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Garasia gra - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rakhine rki - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ralte ral - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ramoaaina rai - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rampi lje - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rana Tharu thr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rang rax - - - Africa Africa Africa Rangkas rgk Johari joh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia rnl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rangpuri rkt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rao rao Rao rao Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rapting rpt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rara Bakati’ lra - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rasawa rac - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ratagnon btn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ratahan rth Torat´an tor SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rathawi rtw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rathwi Bareli bgd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Raute rau - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ravula yea - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

123 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Rawa rwo Rawa rwa Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rawang raw Rawang raw SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rawat jnl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ray´onZoque zor Zoque (Rayon) zqr N America N America N America N America Razajerdi rat - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Red Gelao gir - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Reel atu - - - Africa Africa Africa Rejang Kayan ree - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rejang rej Rejang rej SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Reli rei - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rema bow - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rembarunga rmb Rembarnga rmb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Rembong reb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Remo rem - - - S America S America S America Remo-Blanco- - - - - S America S America S America River Remo-Jaquirana - - - - S America S America S America Remontado Agta agv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rempi rmp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Remun lkj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rendille rel Rendille ren Africa Africa Africa Africa Rengao ren Rengao rng SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rennell-Bellona mnv Rennellese rnn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rennellese Sign rsi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Language Repanbitip rpn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rer Bare rer - - - Africa Africa Africa Rerau rea - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rerep pgk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Res´ıgaro rgr Res´ıgaro res S America S America S America S America Reshe res - - - Africa Africa Africa Reyesano rey - - - S America S America S America Riang (India) ria - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Riang (Myanmar) ril - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Riantana ran Riantana ria Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ribun rir - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rien rie - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia rkb Rikbaktsa rik S America S America S America S America Rinc´onZapotec zar - - - N America N America N America Ringgou rgu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ritarungo rit Ritharngu rit Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Riung riu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Riverain Sango snj - - - Africa Africa Africa Rocorona - - - - S America S America S America Rogo rod - - - Africa Africa Africa Rohingya rhg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rokorona - - - - S America S America S America

124 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Romagnol rgn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Romam rmx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Romanian Sign rms - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Romanian ron Moldavian mol Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Romanian rom Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Romano-Greek rge - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Romano-Serbian rsb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Romansh roh Romansch rmc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Romansch (Scha- rsc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia rans) Romansch rsm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Surmeiran) Romansch (Sursil- rsu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia van) Romblomanon rol - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rombo rof - - - Africa Africa Africa Romkun rmk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ron cla Ron ron Africa Africa Africa Africa Ronga rng Ronga rga Africa Africa Africa Africa Rongga ror - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia nbu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rongpo rnp Marchha mrc SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ronji roe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Roon rnn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Roria rga - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Rotuman rtm Rotuman rot SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Roviana rug Roviana rov SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ruching Palaung pce Palaung plg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rudbari rdb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rufiji rui - - - Africa Africa Africa Ruga ruh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rukai dru Rukai ruk SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Ruma ruz - - - Africa Africa Africa Rumai Palaung rbb Palaung plg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rumu klq Rumu rum Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Runa rna - - - S America S America S America Rundi run Rundi rnd Africa Africa Africa Africa Runga rou Runga run Africa Africa Africa Africa Rungus drg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Rungwa rnw - - - Africa Africa Africa Russia Buriat bxr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Russian Sign Lan- rsl Russian Sign Lan- rsl Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage Russian rus Russian rus Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rusyn rue - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Rutul rut Rutul rut Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ruuli ruc - - - Africa Africa Africa Ruund rnd - - - Africa Africa Africa Rwa rwk - - - Africa Africa Africa

125 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA S’gaw Karen ksw Karen (Sgaw) ksg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia S´aliba slc S´aliba (in Colom- sba S America S America S America S America bia) Sˆo sss - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia S`ıc`ıt´eS´enoufo sep - - - Africa Africa Africa S˜ao Paulo zkp - - - S America S America S America Kaing´ang Sa’a apb Sa’a saa SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sa’ban snv Sa’ban sab SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sa’och scq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saafi-Saafi sav - - - Africa Africa Africa Saam raq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saaroa sxr - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Sab¨um sbo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saba saa - - - Africa Africa Africa Sabah Bisaya bsy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sabah Malay msi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sabanˆe sae - - - S America S America S America Sabaot spy - - - Africa Africa Africa Sabuya - - - - S America S America S America Sacapulteco quv - - - N America N America N America Sadri sck - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saek skb Saek sae SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saep spd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Safaliba saf - - - Africa Africa Africa Safeyoka apz Ampeeli ape Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Safwa sbk - - - Africa Africa Africa Sagala sbm - - - Africa Africa Africa Sagalla tga - - - Africa Africa Africa Saho ssy Saho sao Africa Africa Africa Africa Sahu saj Sahu sah Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Saidi Arabic aec - - - Africa Africa Africa Saisiyat xsy - - - Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Sajalong sjl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sajau Basap sjb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sakachep sch - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sakalava Malagasy skg - - - Africa Africa Africa Sakam skm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sakao sku Sakao sak SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sakata skt - - - Africa Africa Africa Sake sak - - - Africa Africa Africa Sakirabi´a skf Mekens mek S America S America S America S America Sala shq - - - Africa Africa Africa Salam˜ai mnd - - - S America S America S America Salampasu slx - - - Africa Africa Africa Salar slr Salar slr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Salas sgu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

126 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Salasaca Highland qxl - - - S America S America S America Quichua Salchuq slq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saleman sau - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Saliba sbe Saliba (in Papua slb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia New Guinea) Salinan sln Salinan sal N America N America N America N America Salka-Tsishingini tsw - - - Africa Africa Africa Sallands sdz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Salt-Yui sll Salt-Yui syu Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Saluan loe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Salum´a slj - - - S America S America S America Salvadoran Sign esn - - - N America N America N America Language Sam snx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sama smd - - - Africa Africa Africa Samaritan Ara- sam - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia maic Samaritan smp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Samba Daka ccg - - - Africa Africa Africa Samba Leko ndi Samba Leko sle Africa Africa Africa Africa Samba smx - - - Africa Africa Africa Samberigi ssx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Samburu saq - - - Africa Africa Africa Samei smh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Samo smq Nomad nmd Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Samosa swm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sampang rav - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Samre sxm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Samtao stu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Samvedi smv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia San Agust´ınMixte- ztm - - - N America N America N America pec Zapotec San Baltazar Loxi- zpx - - - N America N America N America cha Zapotec San Blas Kuna cuk - - - S America S America S America San Dionisio Del hve - - - N America N America N America Mar Huave San Felipe Otlalte- pow - - - N America N America N America pec Popoloca San Francisco Del hue - - - N America N America N America Mar Huave San Francisco Mat- mat - - - N America N America N America latzinca San Jer´onimo maa - - - N America N America N America Tec´oatlMazatec San Juan Atzingo poe Popoloca (San psj N America N America N America N America Popoloca Juan Atzingo) San Juan Colorado mjc Mixtec (San Juan mjc N America N America N America N America Mixtec Colorado) San Juan Guelav´ıa zab Zapotec (San Lu- zsq N America N America N America N America Zapotec cas Quiavin´ı) San Juan Teita xtj - - - N America N America N America Mixtec San Lu´ıs Temala- pps - - - N America N America N America cayuca Popoloca San Marcos Tlal- pls - - - N America N America N America coyalco Popoloca San Mart´ın Itun- trq - - - N America N America N America yoso Triqui 127 San Mart´ın qvs - - - S America S America S America Quechua San Mateo Del Mar huv Huave (San Mateo hve N America N America N America N America Huave del Mar) San Miguel Creole scf - - - N America N America N America ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA San Miguel El mig Mixtec (Chalca- mxc N America N America N America N America Grande Mixtec tongo) Mixtec (Molinos) mxm N America N America N America N America Mixtec (San mxg N America N America N America N America Miguel el Grande) San Miguel Piedras xtp - - - N America N America N America Mixtec San Pedro Amuz- azg - - - N America N America N America gos Amuzgo San Pedro Quia- zpf - - - N America N America N America toni Zapotec San Salvador kwy - - - Africa Africa Africa Kongo San Vicente zpt - - - N America N America N America Coatl´anZapotec Sanaani Arabic ayn Arabic (San’ani) ars Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sanapan´a sap - - - S America S America S America Sandawe sad Sandawe sdw Africa Africa Africa Africa Sanga (Democratic sng - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Sanga (Nigeria) xsn - - - Africa Africa Africa Sangab Mandaya myt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sanggau scg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sangil snl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sangisari sgr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sanglechi- sgl Ishkashmi ish Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ishkashimi Sango sag Sango san Africa Africa Africa Africa nsa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sangu (Gabon) snq Sangu sgu Africa Africa Africa Africa Sangu (Tanzania) sbp - - - Africa Africa Africa Sani ysn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saniyo-Hiyewe sny - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sankaran Maninka msc - - - Africa Africa Africa Sansi ssi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia san - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sansu sca - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Santa Ana de Tusi qxt - - - S America S America S America Pasco Quechua Santa Catarina Al- ztn - - - N America N America N America barradas Zapotec Santa In´es Ahu- pca - - - N America N America N America atempan Popoloca Santa In´esYatzechi zpn - - - N America N America N America Zapotec Santa Luc´ıa Mon- mdv - - - N America N America N America teverde Mixtec Santa Mar´ıa Del hvv - - - N America N America N America Mar Huave Santa Mar´ıa La nhz - - - N America N America N America Alta Nahuatl Santa Mar´ıa zpi Zapotec zaq N America N America N America N America Quiegolani Za- (Quiegolani) potec Santa Mar´ıa Za- mza - - - N America N America N America catepec Mixtec Santa Teresa Cora cok - - - N America N America N America Santali sat Santali stl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Santiago Xanica zpr - - - N America N America N America Zapotec 128 Santiago del Estero qus - - - S America S America S America Quichua Santo Domingo Al- zas - - - N America N America N America barradas Zapotec Sanum´a xsu Sanuma snm S America S America S America S America Sap´e spc - - - S America S America S America Sapara - - - - S America S America S America Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA spr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sapo krn - - - Africa Africa Africa Saponi spi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sapuan spu Sapuan sap SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sar mwm - - - Africa Africa Africa Sara Dunjo koj - - - Africa Africa Africa Sara Kaba Deme kwg - - - Africa Africa Africa Sara Kaba N´a`a kwv - - - Africa Africa Africa Sara Kaba sbz - - - Africa Africa Africa Sara sre - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Saramaccan srm Saramaccan srm Other S America S America S America Sarangani Blaan bps Bilaan biq SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sarangani Manobo mbs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sarasira zsa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Saraveca sar - - - S America S America S America Sarikoli srh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sarli sdf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sarsi srs Sarcee src N America N America N America N America Sartang onp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sarua swy - - - Africa Africa Africa Sarudu sdu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Saruga sra - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sasak sas - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sasaru sxs - - - Africa Africa Africa Sassarese Sar- sdc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dinian Sater´e-Maw´e mav - - - S America S America S America Saterfriesisch stq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Saudi Arabian Sign sdl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Sauk skc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Saurashtra saz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sauri srt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sauria Paharia mjt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sause sao - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sausi ssj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Savara svr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Savi sdg Savi sav Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Savosavo svs Savosavo svs Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sawai szw Sawai swi SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Saweru swr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sawi saw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sawknah swn - - - Africa Africa Africa Saxwe Gbe sxw - - - Africa Africa Africa Saya say - - - Africa Africa Africa Sayula Popoluca pos Sayultec say N America N America N America N America Scots sco - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

129 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Scottish Gaelic gla Gaelic (Scots) gae Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sea Island Creole gul - - - N America N America N America English Seba kdg - - - Africa Africa Africa Sebat Bet Gurage sgw Chaha chh Africa Africa Africa Africa Muher muh Africa Africa Africa Africa Seberuang sbx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sebop sib - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sebuyau snb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sechelt sec - - - N America N America N America Sechuran - - - - S America S America S America Secoya sey Secoya sec S America S America S America S America Sedang sed Sedang sed SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sedoa tvw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Seeku sos - - - Africa Africa Africa Segai sge - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Segeju seg - - - Africa Africa Africa Seget sbg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sehwi sfw - - - Africa Africa Africa Seit-Kaitetu hik - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sekani sek - - - N America N America N America Sekapan skp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sekar skz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Seke (Nepal) skj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Seki syi - - - Africa Africa Africa Seko Padang skx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Seko Tengah sko - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sekpele lip - - - Africa Africa Africa Selangor Sign Lan- kgi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Selaru slu Selaru sru SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Selayar sly Selayar sly SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Selee snw - - - Africa Africa Africa Selepet spl Selepet slp Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Selkup sel Selkup skp Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Selungai Murut slg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Seluwasan sws - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Semai sea Semai smj SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Semandang sdm Semandang smd SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Semaq Beri szc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sembakung Murut sbr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Semelai sza Semelai sml SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Semimi etz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Semnam ssm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Semnani smy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sempan xse - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sena seh Sena sen Africa Africa Africa Africa

130 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Senara S´enoufo seq - - - Africa Africa Africa Senaya syn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sene sej - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Seneca see Seneca snc N America N America N America N America Sened sds - - - Africa Africa Africa Sengele szg Sengele sgl Africa Africa Africa Africa Senggi snu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sengo spk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sengseng ssz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Senhaja De Srair sjs - - - Africa Africa Africa Sensi sni - - - S America S America S America Sentani set Sentani snt Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Senthang Chin sez - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sentinel std - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sepa (Indonesia) spb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sepa (Papua New spe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Sepen spm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sepik Iwam iws - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Seraiki skr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Serbian srp Serbian-Croatian scr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sere swf - - - Africa Africa Africa Serer srr - - - Africa Africa Africa Seri sei Seri ser N America N America N America N America Seroa kqu - - - Africa Africa Africa Serrano ser Serrano srr N America N America N America N America Seru szd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Serua srw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Serudung Murut srk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Serui-Laut seu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Seta stf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Setaman stm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Seti sbi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Settla sta - - - Africa Africa Africa Severn Ojibwa ojs Ojibwa (Severn) ojs N America N America N America N America Sewa Bay sew - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Seze sze - - - Africa Africa Africa Sha scw - - - Africa Africa Africa Shabak sdb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shabo sbf Shabo shb Africa Africa Africa Africa Shahmirzadi srz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shahrudi shm Koluri klr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shall-Zwall sha - - - Africa Africa Africa Shama-Sambuga sqa - - - Africa Africa Africa Shamang xsh - - - Africa Africa Africa Shambala ksb Shambala shm Africa Africa Africa Africa

131 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Shan shn Shan sha SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shanenawa swo - - - S America S America S America Shanga sho - - - Africa Africa Africa Shangzhai jih - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sharanahua mcd Sharanahua shh S America S America S America S America Shark Bay ssv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sharwa swq - - - Africa Africa Africa Shasta sht Shasta shs N America N America N America N America Shatt shj Shatt sht Africa Africa Africa Africa Shau sqh - - - Africa Africa Africa Shawnee sjw Shawnee shw N America N America N America N America She shx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shehri shv Jibbali jib Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shekhawati swv Shekhawati skw Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shekkacho moy Moca moc Africa Africa Africa Africa Sheko she - - - Africa Africa Africa Shelta sth - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shempire Senoufo seb - - - Africa Africa Africa Shendu shl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sheni scv - - - Africa Africa Africa Sherbro bun - - - Africa Africa Africa Sherdukpen sdp Sherdukpen shd SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sherpa xsr Sherpa she SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sheshi Kham kip - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shi shr - - - Africa Africa Africa Shihhi Arabic ssh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shiki gua - - - Africa Africa Africa Shilluk shk Shilluk shl Africa Africa Africa Africa Shina scl Shina sna Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shinabo snh - - - S America S America S America Shipibo-Conibo shp Shipibo-Konibo shk S America S America S America S America Shixing sxg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sholaga sle - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shona sna Karanga krg Africa Africa Africa Africa Shona shn Africa Africa Africa Africa Shoo-Minda-Nye bcv - - - Africa Africa Africa Shor cjs Shor shr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shoshoni shh Shoshone sho N America N America N America N America Shoshone (Wind swr N America N America N America N America River) Shua shg Deti det Africa Africa Africa Africa sdt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shuar jiv Jivaro jiv S America S America S America S America Shubi suj - - - Africa Africa Africa Shughni sgh Rushan rsh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shumashti sts - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

132 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Shumcho scu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Shuswap shs Shuswap shu N America N America N America N America Shuwa-Zamani ksa - - - Africa Africa Africa Shwai shw - - - Africa Africa Africa Shwe Palaung pll - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sialum slw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Siamou sif Seme sme Africa Africa Africa Africa Sian spg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Siane snp Siane sia Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Siang sya - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Siar-Lak sjr Siar sir SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Siawi mmp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sibe nco - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sibu Melanau sdx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sichuan Yi iii Yi yi SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sicilian scn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sidamo sid - - - Africa Africa Africa Sierra Leone Sign sgx - - - Africa Africa Africa Language Sierra Negra Nahu- nsu - - - N America N America N America atl Sierra de Ju´arez zaa Zapotec (Ju´arez) zaj N America N America N America N America Zapotec Sighu sxe - - - Africa Africa Africa Sihan snr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sihuas Ancash qws - - - S America S America S America Quechua Sika ski Sika sik SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sikaritai tty Sikaritai skr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sikiana sik - - - S America S America S America Sikkimese sip Sikkimese skk SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Siksika bla Blackfoot bla N America N America N America N America Sila slt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Silacayoapan Mix- mks Mixtec (Silacayoa- mxs N America N America N America N America tec pan) Silimo wul - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Siliput mkc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Silopi xsp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Silt’e stv - - - Africa Africa Africa Simaa sie - - - Africa Africa Africa Simba sbw - - - Africa Africa Africa Simbali smg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Simbari smb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Simbo sbb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Simeku smz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Simte smt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sinagen siu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sinasina sst Tabare tba Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sinaugoro snc Sinaugoro sng SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sindhi Bhil sbn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

133 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Sindhi snd Sindhi sdh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sindihui Mixtec xts - - - N America N America N America Singa sgm - - - Africa Africa Africa Singapore Sign sls - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Singpho sgp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sinhala sin Sinhala snh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sinicahua Mixtec xti - - - N America N America N America Sininkere skq - - - Africa Africa Africa Sinsauru snz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sinte Romani rmo Romani (Burgen- rbg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia land) Sinyar sys - - - Africa Africa Africa Siona snn Siona sin S America S America S America S America Sipacapense qum - - - N America N America N America Sira swj - - - Africa Africa Africa Siraya fos Siraiya sry SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Sirenik Yupik ysr Yupik (Sirenik) ysi N America Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Siri sir - - - Africa Africa Africa sri Siriano sri S America S America S America S America Sirion´o srq Sirion´o srn S America S America S America S America Sirmauri srx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Siroi ssd Siroi sro Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sirva sbq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sissala sld - - - Africa Africa Africa Sissano sso - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Siuslaw sis Siuslaw siu N America N America N America N America Sivandi siy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Siwai siw Motuna mot Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Siwi siz Berber (Siwa) bsi Africa Africa Africa Africa Siwu akp - - - Africa Africa Africa Siyin Chin csy Chin (Siyin) chs SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Skagit ska - - - N America N America N America Skepi Creole Dutch skw - - - S America S America S America sms - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Skou skv Sko sko Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Slovak slk Slovak svk Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Slovakian Sign svk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Slovenian slv Slovene slo Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sm¨arkyKanum kxq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Small Flowery sfm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miao Snohomish sno - - - N America N America N America So (Cameroon) sox - - - Africa Africa Africa So (Democratic soc - - - Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) So’a ssq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sochiapam Chi- cso Chinantec (Sochia- csc N America N America N America N America nantec pan) Soga xog - - - Africa Africa Africa

134 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Soi soj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sok skk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sokoro sok - - - Africa Africa Africa Soli sby - - - Africa Africa Africa Solong aaw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Som smc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Somali som Somali som Africa Africa Africa Africa Somrai sor - - - Africa Africa Africa Somray smu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Somyev kgt - - - Africa Africa Africa Sonde shc - - - Africa Africa Africa Songa sgo - - - Africa Africa Africa Songe sop Songe sge Africa Africa Africa Africa Songo soo - - - Africa Africa Africa Songomeno soe - - - Africa Africa Africa Songoora sod - - - Africa Africa Africa Sonha soi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sonia siq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Soninke snk Soninke snn Africa Africa Africa Africa Sonsorol sov Sonsorol-Tobi son SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Soo teu So so Africa Africa Africa Africa Sop urw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Soqotri sqt Soqotri soq Africa Africa Africa Africa Sora srb Sora sor Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sorkhei sqo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sorsogon Ayta ays - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sos Kundi sdk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sota Kanum krz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sou sqq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia South African Sign sfs - - - Africa Africa Africa Language South Awyu aws - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia South Azerbaijani azb Azari (Iranian) azi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Azerbaijani aze Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia South Bolivian quh Quechua (Boli- qbo S America S America S America S America Quechua vian) Quechua qco S America S America S America S America (Cochabamba) South Central lnl - - - Africa Africa Africa Banda South Central dib - - - Africa Africa Africa Dinka South Fali fal - - - Africa Africa Africa South Giziga giz Giziga giz Africa Africa Africa Africa South Lembata lmf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia South Levantine ajp Arabic (Negev) arv Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Arabic Arabic (Pales- apa Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia tinian) South Muyu kts - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia South Ndebele nbl Ndebele (in South ndb Africa Africa Africa Africa Africa) South Nuaulu nxl Nuaulu nua SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

135 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA South Slavey xsl Slave sla N America N America N America N America Slavey slv N America N America N America N America South Tairora omw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia South Ucayali cpy - - - S America S America S America Ash´eninka South Watut mcy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia South Wemale tlw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia South-Eastern- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Tasmanian South-Eastern- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Tasmanian- Hinterland Southeast Ambrym tvk Southeast Ambrym sea SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Southeast Ijo ijs - - - Africa Africa Africa Southeast Pashayi psi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southeastern dks - - - Africa Africa Africa Dinka Southeastern zpd Zapotec (Ixtlan) zpi N America N America N America N America Ixtl´anZapotec Southeastern nit Kolami kol Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kolami Southeastern mxy - - - N America N America N America Nochixtl´anMixtec Southeastern pom Pomo (Southeast- pso N America N America N America N America Pomo ern) Southeastern npl - - - N America N America N America Puebla Nahuatl Southeastern tcu - - - N America N America N America Tarahumara Southeastern Tepe- stp Tepehuan (South- tps N America N America N America N America huan eastern) Southern Alta agy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Southern Altai alt Altai (Southern) aso Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Aymara ayc Aymara aym S America S America S America S America Southern Bai bfs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Balochi bcc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Betsimis- bjq - - - Africa Africa Africa araka Malagasy Southern Binukid- mtw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia non Southern Birifor biv - - - Africa Africa Africa Southern Bobo bwq Bobo Fing bbf Africa Africa Africa Africa Madar´e Southern Carrier caf - - - N America N America N America Southern Catandu- bln - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia anes Bicolano Southern Coastal - - - - Australia Australia Australia Yuin Southern Conchu- qxo - - - S America S America S America cos Ancash Quechua Southern Dagaare dga Dagaare dga Africa Africa Africa Africa Southern Dong kmc Dong don SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern East Cree crj Cree (Eastern) cea N America N America N America N America Southern Ghale ghe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Gondi ggo Gondi gon Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Grebo grj - - - Africa Africa Africa Southern Guiyang hmy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Southern Haida hax Haida136 hai N America N America N America N America Southern Hindko hnd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Inland - - - - Australia Australia Australia Yuin Southern Kisi kss Kisi kis Africa Africa Africa Africa Kisi (Southern) kss Africa Africa Africa Africa Southern Kiwai kjd Kiwai kiw Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA sdh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Lolopo ysp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Lorung lrr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Luri luz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Ma’di snm - - - Africa Africa Africa Southern Mashan hma - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Southern Mnong mnn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Muji ymc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Nam- nab Nambiku´ara nmb S America S America S America S America biku´ara Southern Ngbandi nbw Ngbandi ndi Africa Africa Africa Africa Southern Nisu nsd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Nuni nnw - - - Africa Africa Africa Southern Ohlone css Costanoan cos N America N America N America N America Mutsun mut N America N America N America N America Southern One osu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Southern Pame pmz - - - N America N America N America Southern Pashto pbt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Pastaza qup - - - S America S America S America Quechua Southern Pomo peq - - - N America N America N America Southern Puebla mit - - - N America N America N America Mixtec Southern Puget slh Salish (Southern sps N America N America N America N America Sound Salish Puget Sound) Southern Pumi pmj Pumi pum SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Qian- hms - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia dong Miao Southern Qiang qxs Qiang qia SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Rengma nre - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Naga Southern Rincon zsr - - - N America N America N America Zapotec Southern Roglai rgs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Sama ssb Bajau (Semporna) bjs SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia sma Saami (Central- scs Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia South) Southern Samo sbd - - - Africa Africa Africa Southern Sierra skd Miwok (Southern mss N America N America N America N America Miwok Sierra) Southern Sotho sot Sesotho ses Africa Africa Africa Africa Southern Thai sou - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Tiwa tix Tiwa (Southern) tws N America N America N America N America Southern Toussian wib Toussian tou Africa Africa Africa Africa Toussian (Win) tow Africa Africa Africa Africa Southern Tujia tjs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Tutchone tce - - - N America N America N America Southern Uzbek uzs Uzbek uzb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southern Yukaghir yux Yukaghir (Kolyma) yko Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southwest Gbaya gso - - - Africa Africa Africa Southwest plv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Palawano Southwest Pashayi psh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southwestern dik - - - Africa Africa Africa Dinka Southwestern Fars fay - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

137 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Southwestern hmg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Guiyang Hmong Southwestern hmh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Huishui Hmong Southwestern Nisu nsv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Southwestern tsf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tamang Southwestern twr - - - N America N America N America Tarahumara Southwestern tla - - - N America N America N America Tepehuan Southwestern meh - - - N America N America N America Tlaxiaco Mixtec Southwestern- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Tasmanian Sowanda sow - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Soyaltepec Maza- vmp - - - N America N America N America tec Soyaltepec Mixtec vmq - - - N America N America N America Spanish Sign Lan- ssp Lengua de Se˜nas lse Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Espa˜nola Spanish spa Spanish spa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Spanish (Canary spc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Islands) Spiti Bhoti spt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Spokane spo Spokane spo N America N America N America N America Squamish squ Squamish squ N America N America N America N America Sranan Tongo srn Sranan sra Other S America S America S America Sri Lanka Malay sci - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sri Lankan Sign sqs - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Standard Arabic arb Arabic (Modern ams Africa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Standard) Standard Malay zsm Malay mly SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Stellingwerfs stl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Stod Bhoti sbu Tod tod SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Stoney sto Stoney sto N America N America N America N America Straits Salish str Lummi lum N America N America N America N America Saanich sch N America N America N America N America Salish (Samish sss N America N America N America N America Straits) Salish (Straits) sst N America N America N America N America Songish sgs N America N America N America N America Sooke soo N America N America N America N America Suabo szp Inanwatan ina Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Suau swp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Suba sxb - - - Africa Africa Africa Suba-Simbiti ssc - - - Africa Africa Africa Subi xsj - - - Africa Africa Africa Subiya sbs Subiya sub Africa Africa Africa Africa Subtiaba sut - - - N America N America N America apd - - - Africa Africa Africa Sudanese Creole pga - - - Africa Africa Africa Arabic Sudest tgo Sudest sud SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Suena sue Suena sue Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Suga sgi - - - Africa Africa Africa Suganga sug - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sugut Dusun kzs -138 - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Sui swi Sui sui SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Suki sui Suki suk Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Suku sub - - - Africa Africa Africa Sukuma suk Sukuma skm Africa Africa Africa Africa Sukur syk - - - Africa Africa Africa Sukurum zsu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sulka sua Sulka sul Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sulod srg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sulung suv Sulung slg SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Suma sqm - - - Africa Africa Africa Sumariup siv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sumau six - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Sumbawa smw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sumbwa suw - - - Africa Africa Africa Sumerian sux - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sumi Naga nsm Sema sem SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sumo-Mayangna sum Sumu sum N America N America N America N America Sunam ssk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sundanese sun Sundanese sun SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Sunwar suz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Suoy syo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Supyire Senoufo spp Supyire sup Africa Africa Africa Africa Sur tdl - - - Africa Africa Africa Surbakhal sbj - - - Africa Africa Africa Suri suq Chai cai Africa Africa Africa Africa Tirmaga trm Africa Africa Africa Africa Surigaonon sul - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Surjapuri sjp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Suru´ıDo Par´a mdz - - - S America S America S America Suru´ı sru - - - S America S America S America Suruah´a swx - - - S America S America S America Surubu sde - - - Africa Africa Africa Susquehannock sqn - - - N America N America N America Susu sus Susu sus Africa Africa Africa Africa Susuami ssu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Suundi sdj - - - Africa Africa Africa Suwawa swu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Suy´a suy - - - S America S America S America Svan sva Svan sva Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Swabian swg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Swahili swh Swahili swa Africa Africa Africa Africa Swampy Cree csw - - - N America N America N America Swati ssw Swati swt Africa Africa Africa Africa Swedish Sign Lan- swl Svenska Tecken- svt Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage spr˚aket Swedish swe Swedish swe Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

139 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Swedish swv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (¨asterbotten) gsw Alsatian alt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia German (Appen- gpz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia zell) German (Bern) gbe Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia German gos Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Ostschweiz) German (Thurgau) gtg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia German (Zurich) gzu Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Swiss-French Sign ssr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Swiss-German Sign sgg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Swiss-Italian Sign slf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Sydney - - - - Australia Australia Australia Syenara Senoufo shz - - - Africa Africa Africa Sylheti syl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia T’en tct - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia T¨ubatulabal tub T¨ubatulabal tbb N America N America N America N America T´e´en lor - - - Africa Africa Africa T`aySa Pa tys - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia T`ayTac tyt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia T`ay tyz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ta’izzi-Adeni Ara- acq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia bic Taabwa tap Tabwa tbw Africa Africa Africa Africa Tabaa Zapotec zat - - - N America N America N America Tabaru tby Tabaru tbr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tabasco Chontal chf Chontal Maya cmy N America N America N America N America Tabasco Nahuatl nhc - - - N America N America N America Tabasco Zoque zoq - - - N America N America N America Tabassaran tab Tabassaran tbs Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tabla tnm Tabla tbl Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tabo knv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tabriak tzx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tacahua Mixtec xtt - - - N America N America N America Tacana tna Tacana tac S America S America S America S America Tachawit shy Berber (Chaouia) bch Africa Africa Africa Africa Tachelhit shi Tashlhiyt tas Africa Africa Africa Africa Tadaksahak dsq - - - Africa Africa Africa Tadyawan tdy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tae’ rob - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tafi tcd - - - Africa Africa Africa Tagabawa bgs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tagakaulu Kalagan klg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tagal Murut mvv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tagalog tgl Tagalog tag SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tagargrent oua Berber (Wargla) bou Africa Africa Africa Africa Tagbanwa tbw Tagbanwa (Abor- tgb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia lan) Tagbu tbm - - - Africa Africa Africa

140 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tagdal tda - - - Africa Africa Africa Tagish tgx - - - N America N America N America Tagoi tag - - - Africa Africa Africa Tagwana Senoufo tgw - - - Africa Africa Africa Tahaggart Tama- thv Tuareg (Ahaggar) tug Africa Africa Africa Africa haq Tuareg (Air) tai Africa Africa Africa Africa Tuareg (Ghat) tgh Africa Africa Africa Africa Tahitian tah Tahitian tah SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tahltan tht - - - N America N America N America Tai D´on twh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Daeng tyr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Dam blt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Do tyj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Hang Tong thc - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Hongjin tiz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Loi tlq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Long thi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai M`ene tmp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai N¨ua tdd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Pao tpo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Thanh tmm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai Ya cuu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tai - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taiap gpn Taiap tap Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taikat aos - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tainae ago - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taino tnq - - - N America N America N America Tairuma uar - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taita dav Dabida dbd Africa Africa Africa Africa Taiwan Sign Lan- tss Taiwanese Sign tzi Other Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia guage Language (Ziran Shouyu) Taje pee - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tajik tgk Tajik taj Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tajiki Arabic abh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tajio tdj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tajuasohn tja - - - Africa Africa Africa Takelma tkm Takelma tkl N America N America N America N America Takestani tks Tati (Southern) tts Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Takpa tkk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Takua tkz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Takwane tke - - - Africa Africa Africa Tal tal - - - Africa Africa Africa Tala tak - - - Africa Africa Africa Talieng tdf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Talinga-Bwisi tlj Talinga tal Africa Africa Africa Africa Talise tlr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

141 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tall´an - - - - S America S America S America Talodi tlo Jomang jom Africa Africa Africa Africa Taloki tlk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Talondo’ tln - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Talysh tly Talysh (Azerbai- taz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia jan) Talysh (Southern) tls Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tama (Chad) tma Miisiirii mii Africa Africa Africa Africa Tama tma Africa Africa Africa Africa Tama (Colombia) ten - - - S America S America S America Tamagario tcg Tamagario tmg Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taman (Indonesia) tmn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Taman (Myanmar) tcl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tamanaku tmz - - - S America S America S America Tamasheq taq - - - Africa Africa Africa Tamazola Mixtec vmx - - - N America N America N America Tambas tdk - - - Africa Africa Africa Tambora xxt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tambotalo tls - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tambunan Dusun kzt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tami tmy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tamil tam Tamil tml Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tamil (Spoken) tsp Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tamki tax - - - Africa Africa Africa Tamnim Citak tml Asmat asm Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tampias Lobu low - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tampuan tpu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tampulma tpm Tampulma tmp Africa Africa Africa Africa Tanacross tcb Tanacross tnc N America N America N America N America Tanahmerah tcm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tanaina tfn Tanaina tnj N America N America N America N America Tandia tni - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tandroy-Mahafaly tdx - - - Africa Africa Africa Malagasy Tangale tan Tangale tan Africa Africa Africa Africa Tangchangya tnv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tangga tgg Tangga tga SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tanggu tgu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia nmf Naga (Tangkhul) ngt SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tangko tkx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tangoa tgp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tangshewi tnf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tanguat tbs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tanimuca-Retuar˜a tnc Retuar˜a ret S America S America S America S America Tanjijili uji - - - Africa Africa Africa Tanosy Malagasy txy - - - Africa Africa Africa Tanzanian Sign tza Tanzania Sign Lan- tsl Other Africa Africa Africa Language guage

142 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA tbb - - - S America S America S America Tapei afp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tapiet´e tpj Tapiet´e tpt S America S America S America S America Tapirap´e taf - - - S America S America S America Tarairiu - - - - S America S America S America Tarao Naga tro Tarao tao SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tareng tgr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tariana tae Tariana tar S America S America S America S America Tarifit rif Berber (Rif) brf Africa Africa Africa Africa Tarjumo - - - - Africa Africa Africa Tarok yer Tarok tok Africa Africa Africa Africa Taroko trv Seediq see SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Tarpia tpf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taruma - - - - S America S America S America Tasawaq twq - - - Africa Africa Africa Tase Naga nst Jugli jug SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Lungchang lun SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tasmate tmt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tataltepec Chatino cta Chatino (Tatalte- ctt N America N America N America N America pec) Tatana txx Tatana’ tat SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tatar tat Tatar tvo Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tatar (Baraba) ttb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tatar (Mishar) tmi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tatuyo tav Tatuyo tty S America S America S America S America Tauade ttd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taulil tuh Taulil tll Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia tco - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Taupota tpa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tause tad - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taushiro trr Taushiro tsr S America S America S America S America Tausug tsg Tausug tsg SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tauya tya Tauya tau Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taveta tvs - - - Africa Africa Africa Tavoyan tvn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tavringer Romani rmu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tawala tbo Tawala taw SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tawallammat ttq - - - Africa Africa Africa Tamajaq Tawandˆe xtw - - - S America S America S America Tawang Monpa twm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tawara twl - - - Africa Africa Africa Taworta tbp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tawoyan twy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tay Boi tas - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tay Khang tnu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tayabas Ayta ayy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia

143 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tayart Tamajeq thz - - - Africa Africa Africa Tayo cks Tayo tay Other Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Taznatit grr - - - Africa Africa Africa Tboli tbl Tboli tbo SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tchitchege tck - - - Africa Africa Africa Tchumbuli bqa - - - Africa Africa Africa Te’un tve - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tecpatl´anTotonac tcw - - - N America N America N America Tedaga tuq Tubu tbu Africa Africa Africa Africa Tedim Chin ctd Chin (Tiddim) cti SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tee tkq - - - Africa Africa Africa Tefaro tfo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tegali ras Orig ori Africa Africa Africa Africa Rashad ras Africa Africa Africa Africa Tehit kps Tehit tht Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tehuelche teh Tehuelche teh S America S America S America S America Tejalapan Zapotec ztt - - - N America N America N America Teke-Ebo ebo - - - Africa Africa Africa Teke-Fuumu ifm Ifumu ifm Africa Africa Africa Africa Teke-Kukuya kkw Teke (Southern) tks Africa Africa Africa Africa Teke-Laali lli - - - Africa Africa Africa Teke-Nzikou nzu - - - Africa Africa Africa Teke-Tege teg - - - Africa Africa Africa Teke-Tsaayi tyi - - - Africa Africa Africa Teke-Tyee tyx - - - Africa Africa Africa Tektiteko ttc Teco tec N America N America N America N America Telefol tlf Telefol tlf Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Telugu tel Telugu tel Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Teluti tlt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tem kdh Tem tem Africa Africa Africa Africa Temacine tjo - - - Africa Africa Africa Tamazight Temascaltepec nhv - - - N America N America N America Nahuatl Temb´e tqb - - - S America S America S America Tembo (Kitembo) tbt - - - Africa Africa Africa Tembo (Motembo) tmv - - - Africa Africa Africa Teme tdo - - - Africa Africa Africa Temein teq Temein tmn Africa Africa Africa Africa Temi soz - - - Africa Africa Africa Temiar tea Temiar tmr SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Temoaya Otomi ott - - - N America N America N America Temoq tmo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tempasuk Dusun tdu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Temuan tmw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tena Lowland quw - - - S America S America S America Quichua Tenango Otomi otn - - - N America N America N America

144 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tene Kan Dogon dtk - - - Africa Africa Africa Tenggarong Kutai vkt Kutai kuy SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Malay Tengger tes - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia pah - - - S America S America S America Tenino tqn - - - N America N America N America Tenis tns - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tennet tex Tennet ten Africa Africa Africa Africa Tep - - - - Africa Africa Africa Tepecano tep Tepecano tpc N America N America N America N America Tepetotutla Chi- cnt Chinantec (Tepeto- cte N America N America N America N America nantec tutla) Tepeuxila Cuicatec cux Cuicatec ctc N America N America N America N America Tepinapa Chinan- cte - - - N America N America N America tec Tepo Krumen ted - - - Africa Africa Africa sjt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tera ttr Tera ter Africa Africa Africa Africa Terebu trb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Terei buo Buin bun Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tereno ter Terˆena trn S America S America S America S America Teressa tef - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Teribe tfr Teribe trb S America N America N America N America Ternate tft Ternate trt Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ternate˜no tmg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tese keg - - - Africa Africa Africa Teshenawa twc - - - Africa Africa Africa Teso teo Teso tes Africa Africa Africa Africa Tetela tll Tetela tet Africa Africa Africa Africa Tetelcingo Nahuatl nhg Nahuatl (Tetel- nht N America N America N America N America cingo) Tetete teb - - - S America S America S America Tetserret - - - - Africa Africa Africa Tetum tet Tetun ttn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tetun Dili tdt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Teushen - - - - S America S America S America Teutila Cuicatec cut Cuicatec ctc N America N America N America N America Tewa (Indonesia) twe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tewa (USA) tew Tewa (Arizona) tew N America N America N America N America Tewa (Rio Grande) trg N America N America N America N America Tewa (San Juan tsj N America N America N America N America Pueblo) Tewe twx - - - Africa Africa Africa Texcatepec Otomi otx - - - N America N America N America Texistepec poq - - - N America N America N America Popoluca Texmelucan Za- zpz Zapotec (Texmelu- zte N America N America N America N America potec can) Tezoatl´anMixtec mxb - - - N America N America N America Tha thy - - - Africa Africa Africa Thado Chin tcz Thadou thd SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thai Sign Lan- tsq Thai Sign Lan- ths Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage guage

145 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Thai Song soa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thai tha Thai tha SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thakali ths Thakali thk SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia nki - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thangmi thf Thangmi thn SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thao ssf Thao thw SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Tharaka thk - - - Africa Africa Africa Thayore thd thy Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Thaypan typ Thaypan thp Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia The thx - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tho tou - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thompson thp Thompson tho N America N America N America N America Thu Lao tyl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thudam thw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thulung tdh Thulung thu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Thurawal tbh Dharawal dhw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Thuri thu - - - Africa Africa Africa Ti´efo tiq - - - Africa Africa Africa Ti´eyaxo Bozo boz Bozo (Tigemaxo) boz Africa Africa Africa Africa Tiagbamrin Aizi ahi - - - Africa Africa Africa Tiale mnl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tiang tbj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tibea ngy - - - Africa Africa Africa Tibetan bod Jad jad SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Spitian spi SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tibetan (Modern tmo SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Literary) Tibetan (Shigatse) tis SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tibetan (Standard tib SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Spoken) Tichurong tcn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia tca Ticuna tic S America S America S America S America Tida´aMixtec mtx - - - N America N America N America Tidikelt Tamazight tia - - - Africa Africa Africa Tidong tid - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tidore tvo Tidore tid Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tiemac`ew`eBozo boo - - - Africa Africa Africa Tiene tii - - - Africa Africa Africa Tifal tif Tifal tif Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tigak tgc Tigak tgk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tigon Mbembe nza - - - Africa Africa Africa Tigre tig Tigr´e tgr Africa Africa Africa Africa Tigr´e(Beni Amer) tbe Africa Africa Africa Africa Tigrinya tir Tigrinya tig Africa Africa Africa Africa Tijaltepec Mixtec xtl - - - N America N America N America Tikar tik Tikar tik Africa Africa Africa Africa Tilapa Otomi otl - - - N America N America N America

146 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tillamook til Tillamook til N America N America N America N America Tilquiapan Za- zts - - - N America N America N America potec Tilung tij - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tima tms - - - Africa Africa Africa Timbe tim - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Timne tem Temne tne Africa Africa Africa Africa Timor Pidgin tvy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Timote-Cuica - Cuica cuc S America S America S America S America Timucua tjm Timucua tmc N America N America N America N America Timugon Murut tih Timugon tim SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tin`aSambal xsb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tinani lbf Tinani tni SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tindi tin Tindi tnd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tingal tie - - - Africa Africa Africa Tingui-Boto tgv - - - S America S America S America Tinigua tit - - - S America S America S America Tinoc Kallahan tne - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tippera tpe - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tira tic - - - Africa Africa Africa Tirahi tra - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tiri cir Tinrin tin SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tiruray tiy Tiruray try SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tita tdq - - - Africa Africa Africa Titan ttv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tiv tiv Tiv tiv Africa Africa Africa Africa Tiverighotto - - - - S America S America S America Tiwa lax - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tiwi tiw Tiwi tiw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Tjurruru tju - - - Australia Australia Australia Tlachichilco Tepe- tpt Tepehua tep N America N America N America N America hua Tlacoapa Me’phaa tpl - - - N America N America N America Tlacoatzintepec ctl - - - N America N America N America Chinantec Tlacolulita Za- zpk - - - N America N America N America potec Tlahuitoltepec mxp Mixe (Tlahuitolte- mth N America N America N America N America Mixe pec) Tlamacazapa nuz - - - N America N America N America Nahuatl Tlazoyaltepec Mix- mqh - - - N America N America N America tec Tlingit tli Tlingit tli N America N America N America N America To toz - - - Africa Africa Africa Toaripi tqo Toaripi toa Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Toba tob Toba tob S America S America S America S America Toba-Maskoy tmf - - - S America S America S America Tobanga tng - - - Africa Africa Africa Tobati tti Tobati tbt SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tobelo tlb Tobelo tlo Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tobian tox - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

147 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tobilung tgb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tobo tbv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tocantins Asurini asu Asurin´ı asu S America S America S America S America Tocho taz - - - Africa Africa Africa Toda tcx Toda tda Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Todrah tdr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tofanma tlg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tofin Gbe tfi - - - Africa Africa Africa Togbo-Vara Banda tor - - - Africa Africa Africa Togoyo tgy - - - Africa Africa Africa Tohono O’odham ood Nevome nev N America N America N America N America O’odham ood N America N America N America N America Tojolabal toj Tojolabal toj N America N America N America N America Tok Pisin tpi Tok Pisin tpi Other Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tokano zuh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tol jic Tol tol N America N America N America N America Tolaki lbw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tolomako tlm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tolowa tol - - - N America N America N America Toma tod - - - Africa Africa Africa Tomadino tdi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tombelala ttp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tombonuo txa - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tombulu tom - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tomedes toe - - - S America S America S America Tomini txm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tomo Kan Dogon dtm - - - Africa Africa Africa Tomoip tqp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tondano tdn Tondano tno SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tonga (Nyasa) tog - - - Africa Africa Africa Tonga () tnz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tonga (Zambia) toi Tonga (in Zambia) toz Africa Africa Africa Africa Tongwe tny - - - Africa Africa Africa Tonjon tjn - - - Africa Africa Africa Tonkawa tqw Tonkawa ton N America N America N America N America Tonsawang tnw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tonsea txs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tontemboan tnt Tontemboan tnt SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tooro ttj - - - Africa Africa Africa Topoiyo toy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Toposa toq - - - Africa Africa Africa Tor´a trz - - - S America S America S America Toraja-Sa’dan sda Toraja trd SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Toram trj - - - Africa Africa Africa Torau ttu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

148 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tornedalen Finnish fit - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Toro So Dogon dts Dogon (Toro So) dts Africa Africa Africa Africa Toro Tegu Dogon dtt - - - Africa Africa Africa Toro tdv - - - Africa Africa Africa Toromono tno - - - S America S America S America Torona tqr - - - Africa Africa Africa Torres Strait Cre- tcs Broken bro Other Australia Australia Australia ole Torricelli tei - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Torwali trw Torwali trw Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia als Albanian alb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Totela ttl - - - Africa Africa Africa Toto txo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Totoli txe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Totomachapan Za- zph - - - N America N America N America potec Totontepec Mixe mto Mixe (Totontepec) mtp N America N America N America N America Totoro ttk - - - S America S America S America Touo tqu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Toura (Cˆote neb - - - Africa Africa Africa d’Ivoire) Toura (Papua New don - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Towei ttn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Traveller Danish rmd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Traveller Norwe- rmg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia gian Traveller Scottish trl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tregami trm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Trememb´e tme - - - S America S America S America Tri´o tri Tiriyo tir S America S America S America S America Trieng stg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Trimuris tip - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tring tgq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tringgus-Sembaan trx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Bidayuh Trinitario trn - - - S America S America S America Truk´a tka - - - S America S America S America Trumai tpy Trumai tru S America S America S America S America Ts’¨un-Lao tsl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tsaangi tsa - - - Africa Africa Africa Tsakhur tkr Tsakhur tsa Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tsakonian tsd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tsakwambo kvz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tsamai tsb - - - Africa Africa Africa Tsat huq Tsat tst SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tseku tsk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tsetsaut txc - - - N America N America N America Tshangla tsj Tshangla tgl SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tsikimba kdl - - - Africa Africa Africa Tsimihety Mala- xmw - - - Africa Africa Africa gasy

149 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tsimshian tsi Tsimshian (Coast) tsi N America N America N America N America Tso ldp - - - Africa Africa Africa Tsoa hio - - - Africa Africa Africa Tsogo tsv Tsogo tgo Africa Africa Africa Africa Tsonga tso Tsonga tsn Africa Africa Africa Africa Tsotsitaal fly - - - Africa Africa Africa Tsou tsu Tsou tso SE Asia & O Eurasia Multinesia Eurasia Tsum ttz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tsuvadi tvd - - - Africa Africa Africa Tsuvan tsh - - - Africa Africa Africa Tswa tsc - - - Africa Africa Africa Tswana tsn Tswana tsw Africa Africa Africa Africa Tswapong two - - - Africa Africa Africa Tu mjg Mangghuer mgg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tubar tbu Tubar tub N America N America N America N America Tucano tuo Tucano tuc S America S America S America S America Tugen tuy - - - Africa Africa Africa Tugutil tuj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tukang Besi North khc Tukang Besi tuk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tuki bag Tuki tki Africa Africa Africa Africa Tukpa tpq Nyamkad nyk SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tukudede tkd - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tukumanf´ed tkf - - - S America S America S America Tula tul - - - Africa Africa Africa Tule-Kaweah - - - - N America N America N America Yokuts Tulehu tlu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tulishi tey - - - Africa Africa Africa Tulu tcy Tulu tul Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tulu-Bohuai rak - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tuma-Irumu iou - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tumak tmc Tumak tmk Africa Africa Africa Africa Tumari Kanuri krt - - - Africa Africa Africa Tumbuka tum - - - Africa Africa Africa Tumi kku - - - Africa Africa Africa Tumleo tmq Tumleo tum SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tumtum tbr - - - Africa Africa Africa Tumulung Sisaala sil - - - Africa Africa Africa Tumzabt mzb Berber (Mzab) bmz Africa Africa Africa Africa Tundra Enets enh Enets ene Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tunen baz Tunen tnn Africa Africa Africa Africa Tungag lcm Tungak tnk SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tunggare trt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tunia tug - - - Africa Africa Africa Tunica tun Tunica tun N America N America N America N America aeb Arabic (Tunisian) atu Africa Africa Africa Africa

150 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tunisian Sign Lan- tse - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Tunjung tjg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tunni tqq - - - Africa Africa Africa Tunzu dza - - - Africa Africa Africa Tuotomb ttf - - - Africa Africa Africa Tup´ı tpw Tupi tup S America S America S America S America Tupar´ı tpr - - - S America S America S America Tupinamb´a tpn - - - S America S America S America Tupinikin tpk - - - S America S America S America Tupuri tui Tupuri tpr Africa Africa Africa Africa Turaka trh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Turi trd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Turiw´ara twt - - - S America S America S America Turka tuz - - - Africa Africa Africa Turkana tuv Turkana tna Africa Africa Africa Africa Turkic Khalaj klj Khalaj khl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Turkish Sign Lan- tsm T¨urkIsaret Dili tui Other Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Turkish tur Turkish tur Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Turkmen tuk Turkmen tkm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Turks And Caicos tch - - - N America N America N America Creole English Turoyo tru - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Turumsa tqm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Turung try - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tuscarora tus Tuscarora tus N America N America N America N America Tutelo tta Tutelo tte N America N America N America N America Tutong ttg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia tvt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tutuba tmi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tututepec Mixtec mtu - - - N America N America N America Tututni tuu Chasta Costa cco N America N America N America N America Tuvinian tyv Tuvan tuv Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tuwali Ifugao ifk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Tuwari tww - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Tuwuli bov - - - Africa Africa Africa Tux´a tud - - - S America S America S America Tuxin´awa tux - - - S America S America S America Tuyuca tue Tuyuca tuy S America S America S America S America Twana twa Twana twa N America N America N America N America Twents twd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Tyap kcg Gworok gwo Africa Africa Africa Africa Tyaraity woa Tyeraity tye Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Tz’utujil tzj Tzutujil tzu N America N America N America N America Tzeltal tzh Tzeltal tze N America N America N America N America Tzeltal (Aguacate- tza N America N America N America N America nango) Tzeltal (Bachaj´on) tzb N America N America N America N America

151 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Tzeltal (Tenejapa) tzt N America N America N America N America Tzotzil tzo Tzotzil tzo N America N America N America N America Tzotzil (San tzs N America N America N America N America Andr´es) Tzotzil (Zi- tzz N America N America N America N America nacant´an) U uuu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia UNKNOWN arf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Uab Meto aoz Timorese tse SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Uainuma-Mariate - - - - S America S America S America Uamu´e uam - - - S America S America S America Uare ksj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ubaghara byc - - - Africa Africa Africa Ubang uba - - - Africa Africa Africa Ubi ubi - - - Africa Africa Africa Ubir ubr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ubykh uby Ubykh uby Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ucayali-Yur´ua cpb - - - S America S America S America Ash´eninka Uda uda - - - Africa Africa Africa Udi udi Udi udi Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Udihe ude Udihe udh Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Udmurt udm Udmurt udm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Uduk udu - - - Africa Africa Africa Ufim ufi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ugandan Sign Lan- ugn Ugandan Sign Lan- ugs Other Africa Africa Africa guage guage Ughele uge - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ugong ugo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Uhami uha - - - Africa Africa Africa Uighur uig Uyghur uyg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Uirina - - - - S America S America S America Uisai uis - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ujir udj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ukaan kcf - - - Africa Africa Africa Ukhwejo ukh - - - Africa Africa Africa Ukit umi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Ukpe-Bayobiri ukp - - - Africa Africa Africa Ukpet-Ehom akd - - - Africa Africa Africa Ukrainian Sign ukl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Ukrainian ukr Ukrainian ukr Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ukue uku - - - Africa Africa Africa Ukuriguma ukg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ukwa ukq - - - Africa Africa Africa Ukwuani-Aboh- ukw - - - Africa Africa Africa Ndoni Ulau-Suain svb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ulch ulc Ulcha ulc Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ullatan ull - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ulterior-Mixe - - - - N America N America N America

152 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Ulukwumi ulb - - - Africa Africa Africa Ulumanda’ ulm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Uma ppk Uma uma SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Uma’ Lasan xky - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Uma’ Lung ulu Kenyah (Uma’ keu SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Lung) Umanakaina gdn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Umatilla uma Sahaptin smt N America N America N America N America (Umatilla) Umbindhamu umd - - - Australia Australia Australia Umbu-Ungu ubu Kaugel kgl Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Umbugarla umr - - - Australia Australia Australia umb UMbundu umb Africa Africa Africa Africa Umbuygamu umg - - - Australia Australia Australia sju - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Umeda upi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Umiida- - - - - Australia Australia Australia Unggarangu Umiray Dumaget due - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Agta Umon umm - - - Africa Africa Africa Umot´ına umo - - - S America S America S America ump - - - Australia Australia Australia Una mtg Una una Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Unami unm Unami unm N America N America N America N America Unde Kaili unz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Uneme une - - - Africa Africa Africa - - - - Australia Australia Australia uln - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Unua onu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Uokha uok - - - Africa Africa Africa Upper Chehalis cjh Chehalis (Upper) chl N America N America N America N America Upper Grand Val- dna - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia ley Dani Upper Guinea pov Guinea Bissau gbc Other Africa Africa Africa Crioulo Crioulo Upper Kinabatan- dmg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia gan Upper Kuskokwim kuu Upper Kuskokwim uku N America N America N America N America Upper Necaxa To- tku - - - N America N America N America tonac Upper Saxon sxu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Upper Sorbian hsb Sorbian srb Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Sorbian (Upper) sou Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Upper Ta’oih tth - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Upper Tanana tau - - - N America N America N America Upper Tanudan kgh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Kalinga Upper Taromi tov - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Ura (Papua New uro - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Uradhi urf Uradhi uhi Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Urak Lawoi’ urk Urak Lawoi’ url SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Urali url - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Urapmin urm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

153 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Urarina ura Urarina urn S America S America S America S America Urartian xur - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Urat urt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia urd Urdu urd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Urhobo urh Urhobo urh Africa Africa Africa Africa Uri uvh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Urigina urg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Urim uri Urim uri Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Urimo urx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Uripiv-Wala-Rano- upv Atchin atc SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Atchin Urningangg urc - - - Australia Australia Australia Uru ure Uru uru S America S America S America S America Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau urz - - - S America S America S America Uru-Pa-In urp - - - S America S America S America Uruangnirin urn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Uruava urv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Urub´u-Kaapor uks Urub´u Sign Lan- usl Other S America S America S America Sign Language guage Urub´u-Kaapor urb Urub´u-Kaapor urk S America S America S America S America Uruguayan Sign ugy - - - S America S America S America Language Urum uum Urum urm Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Urumi uru - - - S America S America S America Urupa - - - - S America S America S America Usaghade usk - - - Africa Africa Africa Usan wnu Usan usa Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Usarufa usa Usarufa usr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ushojo ush - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia cuc Chinantec (San Fe- csf N America N America N America N America lipe Usila) Usku ulf - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Uspanteco usp - - - N America N America N America Usui usi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Utarmbung omo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Ute-Southern ute Chemehuevi cmh N America N America N America N America Paiute Paiute (Southern) put N America N America N America N America Ute ute N America N America N America N America Utu utu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Uvbie evh - - - Africa Africa Africa Uya usu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Uzbeki Arabic auz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Uzekwe eze - - - Africa Africa Africa Vaagri Booli vaa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vafsi vaf Vafsi vaf Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vaghat-Ya-Bijim- bij - - - Africa Africa Africa Legeri Vaghri vgr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vagla vag Vagla vag Africa Africa Africa Africa Vai vai Vai vai Africa Africa Africa Africa

154 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Vaiphei vap - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vale vae - - - Africa Africa Africa Valle Nacional Chi- cvn - - - N America N America N America nantec Valley Maidu vmv - - - N America N America N America Valman van Walman wal Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Vamale mkt - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Vame mlr - - - Africa Africa Africa Vangunu mpr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Vanuma vau - - - Africa Africa Africa Vao vao - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Varhadi-Nagpuri vah - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Varli vav - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vasavi vas Vasavi vas Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vasekela Bushman vaj - - - Africa Africa Africa Veddah ved Vedda ved Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vehes val - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Veluws vel - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vemgo-Mabas vem - - - Africa Africa Africa Venda ven Venda ven Africa Africa Africa Africa Venetian vec - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Venezuelan Sign vsl - - - S America S America S America Language Vengo bav Babungo bab Africa Africa Africa Africa Venture˜no veo - - - N America N America N America Veps vep Veps vep Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vidunda vid - - - Africa Africa Africa Viemo vig - - - Africa Africa Africa Vilela vil - - - S America S America S America Vili vif - - - Africa Africa Africa Villa Viciosa Agta dyg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Vinmavis vnm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Vinza vin - - - Africa Africa Africa Virgin Islands Cre- vic - - - N America N America N America ole English Vishavan vis - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Viti vit - - - Africa Africa Africa Vlaams vls - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vlaamse vgt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Gebarentaal Vlax Romani rmy Romani rka Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia (Kalderash) Romani (Lovari) rlo Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vono kch - - - Africa Africa Africa Voro vor - - - Africa Africa Africa Votic vot Votic vot Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Vumbu vum - - - Africa Africa Africa Vunjo vun - - - Africa Africa Africa Vute vut - - - Africa Africa Africa Vwanji wbi - - - Africa Africa Africa

155 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA ´ara tci - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia W`eNorthern wob Wobe wob Africa Africa Africa Africa W`eSouthern gxx Guere gue Africa Africa Africa Africa W`eWestern wec Guere gue Africa Africa Africa Africa W˜apha juw - - - Africa Africa Africa Wa wbm - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wa’ema wag - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waama wwa - - - Africa Africa Africa Waamwang wmn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waata ssn Oromo (Waata) orw Africa Africa Africa Africa Wab wab - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waboda kmx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waci Gbe wci - - - Africa Africa Africa Wadaginam wdg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waddar wbq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wadiyara Koli kxp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wadjiginy wdj Bachamal bac Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Pungupungu pun Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wadjigu wdu - - - Australia Australia Australia Wae Rana wrx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Waffa waj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wagawaga wgw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wagaya wga - - - Australia Australia Australia wbr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wageman waq Wagiman wag Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wagi fad - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wahau Kayan whu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Wahau Kenyah whk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Wahgi wgi Wahgi wah Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waigali wbk Waigali wgl Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Waigeo wgo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wailaki wlk - - - N America N America N America Wailapa wlr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waima rro Roro ror SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waima’a wmh - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Waimaha bao Barasano (North- bno S America S America S America S America ern) Waimiri-Atroari atr - - - S America S America S America Waioli wli - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waiwai Wai Wai wai S America S America S America S America Waja wja - - - Africa Africa Africa wbv Watjarri wat Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Waka wav - - - Africa Africa Africa Wakawaka wkw - - - Australia Australia Australia Wakhi wbl Wakhi wak Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wakon´a waf - - - S America S America S America

156 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Walak wlw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia - - - - Australia Australia Australia Wali (Ghana) wlx - - - Africa Africa Africa Wali (Sudan) wll - - - Africa Africa Africa Waling wly - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Walio wla - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Walla Walla waa Sahaptin (North- shp N America N America N America N America ern) Walloon wln - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Walmajarri wmt Walmatjari wlm Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Walser wae - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Walungge ola - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wamas wmc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wambaya wmb Wambaya wam Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wambon wms Wambon wbn Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wambule wme - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wamey cou Konyagi kgi Africa Africa Africa Africa Wamin wmi - - - Australia Australia Australia Wampanoag wam Massachusett mtt N America N America N America N America Wampar lbq - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wampur waz - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wan wan - - - Africa Africa Africa Wan´e hwa - - - Africa Africa Africa Wanambre wnb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wanap wnp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia nnp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wanda wbh - - - Africa Africa Africa Wandala mfi Malgwa mlg Africa Africa Africa Africa Wandamen wad - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wandarang wnd Warndarang wrn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wandji wdd - - - Africa Africa Africa Waneci wne - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wangaaybuwan- wyb Ngiyambaa ngi Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Ngiyambaa Wanggamala wnm - - - Australia Australia Australia Wangganguru wgg - - - Australia Australia Australia Wanggom wng Kombai kmb Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wanman wbt - - - Australia Australia Australia Wannu jub - - - Africa Africa Africa Wano wno - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wantoat wnc Wantoat wnt Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wanukaka wnk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Wanyam - - - - S America S America S America Waorani auc Waorani wao S America S America S America S America Wapan juk - - - Africa Africa Africa wap Wapishana wps S America S America S America S America Wappo wao Wappo wap N America N America N America N America

157 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA War-Jaintia aml - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia War´ı pav Wari’ war S America S America S America S America Wara wbf - - - Africa Africa Africa Warao wba Warao wra S America S America S America S America Warapu wra - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waray (Australia) wrz Waray (in Aus- wry Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia tralia) Waray (Philip- war Waray-Waray wwy SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia pines) Waray Sorsogon srv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Wardaman wrr Wardaman wrd Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Warduji wrd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wares wai - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waris wrs Waris wrs Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Waritai wbe - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wariyangga wri - - - Australia Australia Australia Warji wji - - - Africa Africa Africa Warkay-Bipim bgv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia wrl - - - Australia Australia Australia Warlpiri wbp Warlpiri wrl Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Warluwara wrb Warluwara wlw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Warnang wrn - - - Africa Africa Africa Waropen wrp Waropen wrp SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia wgy Warrgamay wrg Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Warrnambool - Warrnambool wrb Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia wwr Warrwa wrw Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Waru wru - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia wrm - - - Australia Australia Australia Waruna wrv - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Warungu wrg Warrungu wgu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wasa wss - - - Africa Africa Africa Wasco-Wishram wac Chinook (Upper) cku N America N America N America N America Wasembo gsp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Washo was Washo was N America N America N America N America Wasu wsu - - - S America S America S America Watakataui wtk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Watam wax Watam wtm Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wathawurrung - Wathawurrung wth Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Waur´a wau Waur´a wur S America S America S America S America Wauyai wuy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wawa www - - - Africa Africa Africa Wawonii wow - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Waxianghua wxa - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia oym Wayampi way S America S America S America S America way Wayana wyn S America S America S America S America Wayor´o wyr - - - S America S America S America Wayu vay Hayu hay SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

158 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Wayumara - - - - S America S America S America Wayuu guc Goajiro goa S America S America S America S America Wedau wed Wedau wed SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Weh weh - - - Africa Africa Africa Wejewa wew - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Welaung weu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Welsh Romani rmw Romani (Welsh) rwe Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Welsh cym Welsh wel Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Weme Gbe wem W´em´enugb´e wmn Africa Africa Africa Africa Were wei - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Weri wer Weri wer Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia West Berawan zbw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia West Central bbp - - - Africa Africa Africa Banda West Central gaz Oromo (West- owc Africa Africa Africa Africa Oromo Central) West Coast Bajau bdr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia West Kewa kew Kewa kew Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia West Lembata lmj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia West Makian mqs West Makian wma Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia West Tarangan txn Tarangan (West) tgw SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia West Yugur ybe Saryg Yughur syg Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia West-Central lia - - - Africa Africa Africa Limba Western Abnaki abe Abenaki (Western) abw N America N America N America N America Western Apache apw Apache (Western) apw N America N America N America N America Western Arrarnta are Arrernte arr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Arrernte (Western) awe Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Western Balochi bgn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Bolivian gnw - - - S America S America S America Guaran´ı Western Bru brv Bru (Western) brw SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Bukidnon mbb Manobo (Western mwb SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Manobo Bukidnon) Western Canadian ikt Inuktitut (Rankin inr N America N America N America N America Inuktitut Inlet) Kangiryuarmiut kgt N America N America N America N America Western Cham cja Cham (Western) chw SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Coastal - - - - Australia Australia Australia Tasmanian Western Dani dnw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Western Farsi pes Persian prs Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Fijian wyy Fijian (Wayan) fiw SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Western Frisian fry Frisian (Western) frw Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Gurung gvr Gurung gur SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Highland ctp Chatino (Sierra cso N America N America N America N America Chatino Occidental) Chatino (Yaitepec) cya N America N America N America N America Western Highland pua - - - N America N America N America Purepecha Western Huasteca nhw Nahuatl nhh N America N America N America N America Nahuatl (Huasteca) Western Juxt- jmx - - - N America N America N America lahuaca Mixtec Western Kanjobal knj Kanjobal (West- kwe N America N America N America N America ern) Western Karaboro kza Tenyer tny Africa Africa Africa Africa

159 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Western Katu kuf Katu ktu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Kayah kyu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Keres kjq Acoma aco N America N America N America N America Western Krahn krw - - - Africa Africa Africa Western Lalu ywl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Lawa lcp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Magar mrd Magar (Syangja) msy SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western mlq Maninka (Western) maw Africa Africa Africa Africa Maninkakan Western Mari mrj Mari (Hill) mah Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Mashan hmw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Hmong Western Meohang raf - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Muria mut - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Neo- amw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Aramaic Western Niger Ful- fuh Ful (Liptako) fli Africa Africa Africa Africa fulde Fula (Burkina fbf Africa Africa Africa Africa Faso) Western Ojibwa ojw - - - N America N America N America Western Panjabi pnb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Parbate kjl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Kham Western Penan pne - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Western Sisaala ssl Sisaala ssa Africa Africa Africa Africa Western Subanon suc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Western Tamang tdg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western Tawbuid twb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Western Totonac tqt - - - N America N America N America Western Tunebo tnb - - - S America S America S America Western Victoria - Madimadi mdm Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wembawemba wem Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Western Xiangxi mmr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Miao Western Xwla Gbe xwl - - - Africa Africa Africa Western Yiddish yih Yiddish ydd Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Western-Kambari- asg - - - Africa Africa Africa Cishingini Westphalien wep German (West- gwe Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia phalian) Wewaw wea - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Weyto woy - - - Africa Africa Africa White Gelao giw - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia White Lachi lwh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wiarumus tua - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wich´ı Lhamt´es mzh Wich´ı wch S America S America S America S America G¨uisnay Wich´ı Lhamt´es mtp - - - S America S America S America Nocten Wich´ıLhamt´esVe- wlv - - - S America S America S America joz Wichita wic Wichita wic N America N America N America N America Wik-Epa wie - - - Australia Australia Australia Wik-Iiyanh wij - - - Australia Australia Australia Wik-Keyangan wif - - - Australia Australia Australia Wik-Me’anha wih - - - Australia Australia Australia

160 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Wik-Mungkan wim Wik Munkan wmu Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wik-Ngathana wig Wik Ngathana wn Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wikalkan wik - - - Australia Australia Australia Wikngenchera wua - - - Australia Australia Australia Wilawila wil - - - Australia Australia Australia Winjarumi - - - - Australia Australia Australia Wintu wit Patwin ptw N America N America N America N America Wintu win N America N America N America N America Winy´e kst Ko (Winye) kow Africa Africa Africa Africa Wipi gdr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wiradhuri wrh - - - Australia Australia Australia Wiraf´ed wir - - - S America S America S America Wirangu wiw Wirangu wir Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wiru wiu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wiyot wiy Wiyot wiy N America N America N America N America Wogamusin wog Wogamusin wog Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wogeo woc - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Woi wbw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Woiwurrung - Woiwurrung wwr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wojenaka jod - - - Africa Africa Africa Wolane wle - - - Africa Africa Africa Wolani wod - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wolaytta wal Wolaytta wly Africa Africa Africa Africa Wolio wlo Wolio wlo SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Wolof wol Wolof wlf Africa Africa Africa Africa Wom (Nigeria) wom - - - Africa Africa Africa Wom (Papua New wmo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Guinea) Wongo won - - - Africa Africa Africa Woods Cree cwd - - - N America N America N America Woria wor - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Worimi kda - - - Australia Australia Australia Worodougou jud - - - Africa Africa Africa Worora unp Worora wor Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Wotapuri- wsv - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Katarqalai Wotu wtw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Woun Meu noa Waunana wau S America S America S America S America wuu Wu (Changzhou) wuc SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wuding-Luquan Yi ywq - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wudu wud - - - Africa Africa Africa Wulguru qgu - - - Australia Australia Australia Wuliwuli wlu - - - Australia Australia Australia Wulna wux - - - Australia Australia Australia Wumboko bqm - - - Africa Africa Africa Wumbvu wum - - - Africa Africa Africa Wumeng Nasu ywu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia

161 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Wunai Bunu bwn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia wub - - - Australia Australia Australia Wurrugu wur - - - Australia Australia Australia Wusa Nasu yig - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wushi bse - - - Africa Africa Africa Wusi wsi - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wutung wut - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Wutunhua wuh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Wuzlam udl Uldeme uld Africa Africa Africa Africa Wyandot wya Wyandot wya N America N America N America N America Xˆarˆac`u`u ane Xˆarˆac`u`u xar SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Xaasongaxango kao Xasonga xas Africa Africa Africa Africa Xadani Zapotec zax - - - N America N America N America Xakriab´a xkr - - - S America S America S America Xamtanga xan - - - Africa Africa Africa Xanagu´ıaZapotec ztg - - - N America N America N America Xaragure axx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Xav´ante xav Xav´ante xav S America S America S America S America Xer´ente xer Xer´ente xer S America S America S America S America Xet´a xet - - - S America S America S America Xhosa xho Xhosa xho Africa Africa Africa Africa Xiandao xia - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia hsn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Xibe sjo - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Xicotepec De too Totonac (Xicote- txj N America N America N America N America Ju´arezTotonac pec de Ju´arez) Xinca xin - - - N America N America N America Xinca- - - - - N America N America N America Chiquimulilla Xinca-Guazacapan - - - - N America N America N America Xinca-Sinacantan - - - - N America N America N America Xinca- - - - - N America N America N America Yupiltepeque Xing´uAsurin´ı asn - - - S America S America S America Xinka- - - - - N America N America N America Jumaytepeque Xipaya xiy - - - S America S America S America Xipin´awa xip - - - S America S America S America Xiri xii - - - Africa Africa Africa Xiriˆana xir Bahuana bah S America S America S America S America Xishanba Lalo ywt Lalo lal SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Xokleng xok Xokleng xok S America S America S America S America Xukur´u xoo - - - S America S America S America Xwela Gbe xwe - - - Africa Africa Africa ´amana yag Yahgan yah S America S America S America S America Yaaku muu - - - Africa Africa Africa Yabaˆana ybn - - - S America S America S America Yabarana yar - - - S America S America S America Yabem jae Jabˆem jab SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

162 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Yaben ybm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yabong ybo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yace ekr - - - Africa Africa Africa Yafi wfg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yagara - - - - Australia Australia Australia Yagaria ygr Hua hua Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yagaria ygr Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yagnobi yai Yaghnobi ygn Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yagomi ygm - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yagua yad Yagua yag S America S America S America S America Yagwoia ygw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yahadian ner - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yahang rhp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yahuna ynu - - - S America S America S America Yaka (Central axk Aka aka Africa Africa Africa Africa African Republic) Yaka (Congo) iyx - - - Africa Africa Africa Yaka (Democratic yaf Yaka yak Africa Africa Africa Africa Republic of Congo) Yakaikeke ykk - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yakan yka Yakan ykn SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Yakima yak Sahaptin (North- shp N America N America N America N America ern) Yakkha ybh - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yakoma yky Yakoma ykm Africa Africa Africa Africa Yakut sah Yakut ykt Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yal´alagZapotec zpu - - - N America N America N America Yala yba - - - Africa Africa Africa Yalahatan jal - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yalakalore xyl - - - S America S America S America ylr - - - Australia Australia Australia Yale nce Nagatman nag Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yalunka yal - - - Africa Africa Africa Yamap ymp - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yamba yam Yamba yba Africa Africa Africa Africa Yambes ymb - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yambeta yat - - - Africa Africa Africa Yamdena jmd Yamdena ymd SE Asia & O Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yameo yme - - - S America S America S America Yaminahua yaa Yaminahua yam S America S America S America S America Yamna ymn - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yamongeri ymg - - - Africa Africa Africa Yamphe yma - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yamphu ybi - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yan-nhangu jay - - - Australia Australia Australia Yana ynn Yana yan N America N America N America N America Yanahuanca Pasco qur - - - S America S America S America Quechua Yanda - - - - Australia Australia Australia

163 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Yandruwandha ynd - - - Australia Australia Australia Yanesha’ ame Amuesha amu S America S America S America S America Yang Zhuang zyg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yangben yav - - - Africa Africa Africa Yangbye ybd - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yangho ynh - - - Africa Africa Africa Yangkam bsx - - - Africa Africa Africa jng - - - Australia Australia Australia Yango yng - - - Africa Africa Africa Yangulam ynl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yangum Dey yde - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yangum Gel ygl - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yangum Mon ymo - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yankunytjatjara kdd Yankuntjatjara ynk Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yanom´ami wca Yanom´ami ynm S America S America S America S America Yanomam¨o guu - - - S America S America S America Yansi yns Yansi yns Africa Africa Africa Africa Yanyuwa jao Yanyuwa yny Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yao yao Yao (in Malawi) yao Africa Africa Africa Africa Yaosakor Asmat asy - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yaour´e yre - - - Africa Africa Africa Yapunda yev - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yaqay jaq Yaqay yqy Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yaqui yaq Yaqui yaq N America N America N America N America Yar´ı yri - - - S America S America S America Yarawata yrw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yareba yrb Yareba yar Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yareni Zapotec zae - - - N America N America N America Yarli - - - - Australia Australia Australia Yaroame - - - - S America S America S America Yarsun yrs - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yaru - - - - S America S America S America Yarum´a - - - - S America S America S America Yasa yko - - - Africa Africa Africa Yatee Zapotec zty - - - N America N America N America zav Zapotec (Yatzachi) zya N America N America N America N America Yau (Morobe yuw - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Province) Yau (Sandaun yyu - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Province) Yaul yla - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yauma yax - - - Africa Africa Africa Yaur jau - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yautepec Zapotec zpb - - - N America N America N America Yauyos Quechua qux - - - S America S America S America Yavitero yvt - - - S America S America S America Yawa yva Yawa yaw Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia

164 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Yawalapit´ı yaw - - - S America S America S America Yawanawa ywn - - - S America S America S America Yawarawarga yww - - - Australia Australia Australia Yaweyuha yby - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yawiyo ybx - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia ywr Yawuru ywr Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yaygir - - - - Australia Australia Australia Yaygir yyg Yaygir yyg Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yazgulyam yah Yazgulyam yaz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yecuatla Totonac tlc Totonac (Misantla) tot N America N America N America N America Yei jei Yei yei Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yekhee ets Etsako ets Africa Africa Africa Africa Yekora ykr - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yela yel - - - Africa Africa Africa Yele yle YelˆıDnye yel Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yelmek jel Yelmek ylm Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yelogu ylg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yemba ybb Yemba yem Africa Africa Africa Africa Yemsa jnj Yemsa yms Africa Africa Africa Africa Yendang yen - - - Africa Africa Africa Yeni yei - - - Africa Africa Africa Yeniche yec - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yerakai yra - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yeretuar gop - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yerong yrn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yerukula yeu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yeskwa yes - - - Africa Africa Africa Yessan-Mayo yss Yessan-Mayo yes Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yetfa yet - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yevanic yej - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yeyi yey Yeyi yey Africa Africa Africa Africa Yiddish Sign Lan- yds - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia guage Yidgha ydg - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yidiny yii Yidiny yid Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yil yll Yil yil Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yimas yee Yimas yim Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yimchungru Naga yim - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yinbaw Karen kvu - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yinchia yin - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yindjibarndi yij Yindjibarndi yin Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yindjilandji yil - - - Australia Australia Australia Yine pib Piro pir S America S America S America S America Yinggarda yia yng Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yintale Karen kvy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yinwum - - - - Australia Australia Australia

165 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Yir Yoront yiy Yir Yiront yir Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yirandhali - - - - Australia Australia Australia Yis yis - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yiwom gek - - - Africa Africa Africa Yoba yob - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yocobou´eDida gud - - - Africa Africa Africa Yogad yog - - - Multinesia Multinesia Eurasia Yokuts yok Wikchamni wik N America N America N America N America Yawelmani ywl N America N America N America N America Yokuts (Yau- yok N America N America N America N America danchi) Yoloxochitl Mixtec xty - - - N America N America N America Yom pil - - - Africa Africa Africa Yombe yom - - - Africa Africa Africa Yong yno - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yongbei Zhuang zyb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yonggom yon Kati (in West kti Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Papua, Indonesia) Yongnan Zhuang zyn - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yopno yut - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yora mts - - - S America S America S America Yorta Yorta xyy Yorta Yorta yyo Australia-NG Australia Australia Australia Yoruba yor Yoruba yor Africa Africa Africa Africa Yos yos - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yosond´uaMixtec mpm Mixtec (Yosond´ua) mxy N America N America N America N America Youjiang Zhuang zyj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Youle Jinuo jiu Jino jin SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Younuo Bunu buh Punu pnu SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yoy yoy - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yuaga nua - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Yucatec Maya Sign msd - - - N America N America N America Language Yucateco yua Yucatec yct N America N America N America N America Yuchi yuc Yuchi yuc N America N America N America N America Yucua˜neMixtec mvg - - - N America N America N America Yucuna ycn Yucuna ycn S America S America S America S America yue cnt SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yugambal yub - - - Australia Australia Australia Yugh yuu Yugh yug Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Yugoslavian Sign ysl - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Language Yuhup yab - - - S America S America S America Yuki yuk Yuki yki N America N America N America N America Yukpa yup Yukpa ykp S America S America S America S America Yukuben ybl - - - Africa Africa Africa Yulu yul Binga big Africa Africa Africa Africa Yulu yul Africa Africa Africa Africa Yuqui yuq - - - S America S America S America Yuracare yuz Yuracare yrc S America S America S America S America

166 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Yurok yur Yurok yur N America N America N America N America Yurumangu´ı - Yurimang´ı yrm S America S America S America S America Yurut´ı yui Yuruti yrt S America S America S America S America Yutanduchi Mixtec mab - - - N America N America N America Yuwana yau - - - S America S America S America ´aparo zro Zaparo zpr S America S America S America S America Zaachila Zapotec ztx - - - N America N America N America Zacatepec Chatino ctz - - - N America N America N America Zacatl´an- nhi - - - N America N America N America Ahuacatl´an- Tepetzintla Nahu- atl Zaghawa zag - - - Africa Africa Africa Zaiwa atb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zakhring zkr - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zambian Sign Lan- zsl - - - Africa Africa Africa guage Zamuco - - - - S America S America S America Zan Gula zna - - - Africa Africa Africa Zanaki zak - - - Africa Africa Africa Zande zne Zande zan Africa Africa Africa Africa Zangskari zau - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zangwal zah - - - Africa Africa Africa Zaniza Zapotec zpw - - - N America N America N America Zaramo zaj - - - Africa Africa Africa Zari zaz - - - Africa Africa Africa Zarma dje Zarma zar Africa Africa Africa Africa Zarphatic zrp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zauzou zal - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zay zwa - - - Africa Africa Africa Zayein Karen kxk - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zayse-Zergulla zay Zayse zay Africa Africa Africa Africa Zazao jaj - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Zeem zua - - - Africa Africa Africa Zeeuws zea Dutch (Zeeuws) duz Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zemba dhm - - - Africa Africa Africa nzm Naga (Zeme) nze SE Asia & O Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zenag zeg - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Zenaga zen Zenaga zen Africa Africa Africa Africa Zenzontepec czn - - - N America N America N America Chatino Zhaba zhb - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zhire zhi - - - Africa Africa Africa Zhoa zhw - - - Africa Africa Africa Zia zia - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Zialo zil - - - Africa Africa Africa Zigula ziw - - - Africa Africa Africa Zimakani zik Zimakani zim Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Zimba zmb - - - Africa Africa Africa Sign zib - - - Africa Africa Africa Language

167 Language ISO WALS name/code WALS MA mid-coast MA mid MA coast MA Zinza zin - - - Africa Africa Africa Zire sih - - - Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Zirenkel zrn - - - Africa Africa Africa Ziriya zir - - - Africa Africa Africa Zizilivakan ziz - - - Africa Africa Africa Zo’´e pto - - - S America S America S America zpq Zapotec (Zoogo- zzo N America N America N America N America cho) Zoroastrian Dari gbz - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zotung Chin czt - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zou zom - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zulgo-Gemzek gnd - - - Africa Africa Africa Zulu zul Zulu zul Africa Africa Africa Africa Zulu (Northern) zno Africa Africa Africa Africa Zulu (Southern) zso Africa Africa Africa Africa Zumaya zuy - - - Africa Africa Africa Zumbun jmb - - - Africa Africa Africa Zuni zun Zuni zun N America N America N America N America Zuojiang Zhuang zzj - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Zyphe zyp - - - Eurasia Eurasia Eurasia Omie¨ aom Omie¨ omi Australia-NG Multinesia Multinesia Multinesia Anc´a´ acb - - - Africa Africa Africa Ah`an` ahn - - - Africa Africa Africa

168