MONITORING URBANIZATIONIN LATIN AMERICAN METROPOLITAN AREAS (BOGOTA, QUITOAND LIMA) ESRIN/AO/1-7663/13/I-AM

ElkeKrätzschmar1,SylviaGünther1 LIMA (1) IABG mbHGeodataFactory, Hermann-Reichelt-Str. 3, 01109 Dresden, Germany [email protected], [email protected] BOGOTA

BOGOTA BACKGROUND QUITO TheuseofEOservicesisontherise,butnotyet appropriately applied to the planning and LIMA industrialsectors.ESAtooktheopportunityto financepilotprojectsfollowingkeyaspectsof World Bank topics within the Value Adding Element/EOworld2.Theprojectwasdesignedto QUITO set-upservices followingthematicrequirements ofWorldBankstaff. Planningactivities,construc- tion,appropriatemanagementofinvestments © Google Streetview anserdvicadminiescombistra-ntievedwithbroadermodellingofpotentialfuturedevelopmentrequires detailedspatialinformation–up-to-dateandhistoric.Dependingonthethematicscope usersrequirelargeareacoveredorinformationwithhighthematicdepth. Urban Service 2013 Thepilotprojectwassetuptofindatailoredsolutiontosupporttheseessentialneedsby Change 2000/13 generatingup-to-date,detailedurbanlandusemapsandlandusechangeanalysis. Adjacenttotheprojectinprogress,newrequirementsdidariseandwereexpressedby BASELINE URBAN SERVICES WorldBankstaffthatcouldincreasepotentialusageoftheUrbanBaselineService WithintheEOworld2PilotProjectserviceswerepreparedtosupportWorldBankactivities. significantly.Theycanbederivedhighlyautomatedandenabletheusertocarryout TheUrbanMappingServicedistinguishesbetweenupto 23differentclasses,18directly complexanalysistocomparablelowcosts:analysisondistribution,connectivityand relatedtourban.Itcorrespondsto changeofurbanvegetation,furtherinvestigationinselectedclasses(e.g.informal), UrbanAtlas (GMES/Copernicus)which conditionalterrainanalysis,aswellassettingupbroaderplanningscenarios. isinlinewithCORINE,focusingon urban and simplifying natural and URBAN VEGETATION LAYER semi-natural areas. The mapping is Inmostfastgrowingcitiescadasterinformation comparabletoascaleof1:25,000and relatedtovegetationisrare,inhomogeneous,of better.Urbanstructuresareprelimi- coarserscaleoroutdated. narilydifferentiatedduetodensityandbuildingheight.Thisprincipleisanessential Sensibilityrelatedtoenvironmentalanalysis componentforagloballytransferablenomenclature suitableforlargescaledownstream (e.g.urbanclimate,watereconomy)arises. analysisofvarioussiteswithdifferenthistoryofdevelopmentduetogeographical,natural Urbangreenactsassubstantialindicatorfor and/orpoliticalcircumstances. climaticaspectsorfor qualityofliving.Protec- tingthoseisanimportantissueforurban URBAN SERVICE 2000 URBAN SERVICE 2013 LAND COVER FLOWS planningaswellasidentifyingareaswithfast reductionofgreenspaceassignforsocio-eco- nomicconversionorcommercialactivities. Byusingadvancedtechnologies,avegetation layerwasderived,separatinglowandelevated Vegetation layer, example Bogota vegetationreadyfordownstreamGISanalysis ordirectusage(identificationof vegetationcorridors,greenspotsimportantforurban climate,…).IncombinationwiththeUrbanBaselineServiceorlargescalecadastraldata thelayersidentifyareasofopenspacesuitableforprotection/furtherdevelopment. Urban mapping Service, example Bogota; Land Cover Flow (LEAC) TheUrbanServicewaspreparedfor2013(SPOT6data/1.5m)andtransferredtowards INFORMAL URBAN STRUCTURES 2000(SPOT4/5,Landsat/2.5-15m)followingabackdatingapproachcombiningmanual Differentthematicaimsrequire tailoredsolutions,suchasfurtherseparationofdistinct andautomatedimageanalysis(OBIA)reachingthematic qualityof96%andbetter.The classes.TheUrbanServiceisthenappliedasmaskingelementtosupportthespecificmap- UrbanServicesof2013and2000werecombinedwitheachother,changesidentified, ping approach. The figure shows housing summarizedandpresentedinGISandstatisticalcontext.WithrespecttoWorldBanks structureswithintheurbanclass“informal needs,referencetoadministrativeunitsisessentialduetocorrelationtootherin-house transition”.Distributedalloverthe urban statisticalappraisal.Transferabilityismerelylimitedbyavailabilityofvery-highresolution fringeinformalhousingtransformsintoproper historicEOdata.However,withreferencetotheVHRanalysisof2013,historicdataof buildingstructuresovertime.Theseareasare significantlylowerresolutiondidnothavesubstantialeffectonhistoricdatainter- mappedseparately,oflargeextentandvari- pretation. ousstageofdevelopment.Automaticapproa- ChangeanalysishadbeenperformedfollowingtheLEACstandard [1].ItaggregatesLand chescaneasilyidentifydensityandcomplexity CoverChangesaccordingtothematicgroupsofbroaderLandUse/Covercategories. ofsuchstructuresaswellastheirtransfor- mationovertime. BASIC CHANGE ANALYSISAND PRESENTATION Asthisexampleshowsamulti-temporalana- Withrespecttotheusers’needs,analysiswaspreparedfortheentireregionsunderfocus lysisofsinglefeaturessignificantlysupports aswellastheopportunitygiventoderivegeo-statisticalsummariesforadministrative theprocessofcoordinationofplanning. unitsorothersecondaryGIS-relatedunits. Informal transition, example Lima SUMMARYAND FUTURE ACTIONS EOworld2providesEOdataservicesexemplarilyonselectedmetropolitanregions.Accor- dingtocustomersfeedbackitsignificantlysupportstheworkofdevelopmentinitiativesby providingan independentsightontotheregionsunderfocus.TheUrbanBaselineService, itsgeo-statisticaldataaswellasthefactofhavinganidenticalapproachappliedon differentregionsprovidestheBankwithareliableandcomparablereference datasetfor downstreamanalysis. TheSentinelmissionstrategicallysupportsthevalueaddingsectorwithawiderangeof suitableEOdataformappingandmonitoringenvironmentalsituationandchangeswith comparabletechniques.WithrespecttoanalysisofhistoricEOdata,itissuitableand Selected presentation material, example Bogota envisagedtoset-upclassificationupdatesof2015orlaterusingSentinel-2and-1aswellas Oftenlocalauthoritiesandthedecisionmakingsectorarenotfamiliarwithapplyinggeo- transfertheservicesontoothersites. spatialdataassupportivemeasure.Information, simpletoaccessandsimpletohandle is akeyelementforimplementationandacceptanceintheappropriateenvironment. Reference WithinEOworld2differentwaysofpresentationwereselected,containingGoogle-ready [1] Land and Ecosystem Accounting (LEAC) based on CORINE land cover changes database GISdata,video,on-screenpresentationandanalysis,statisticalpresentation,orcon- (1990-2000) http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/data-and-maps/data/land-cover- ventionalmapseriesandproducts. accounts-leac-based-on-corine-land-cover-changes-database-1990-2000/