DOCSLIB.ORG

Gawc Link Classification FINAL.Xlsx

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gawc Link Classification FINAL.Xlsx High Barcelona Beijing Sufficiency Abu Dhabi Singapore sufficiency Boston Sao Paulo Barcelona Moscow Istanbul Toronto Barcelona Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Los Angeles Beijing Taiyuan Lisbon Madrid Buenos Aires Taipei Melbourne Sao Paulo Cairo Paris Moscow San Francisco Calgary Hong Kong Nairobi New York Doha Sydney Santiago Tokyo Dublin Zurich Tokyo Vienna Frankfurt Lisbon Amsterdam Jakarta Guangzhou Milan Dallas Los Angeles Hanoi Singapore Denver New York Houston Moscow Dubai Prague Manila Moscow Hong Kong Vancouver Manila Mumbai Lisbon Milan Bangalore Tokyo Manila Tokyo Bangkok Istanbul Melbourne Mexico City Barcelona Buenos Aires Delhi Toronto Boston Mexico City Riyadh Tokyo Boston Munich Stockholm Tokyo Buenos Aires Lisbon Beijing Nanjing Frankfurt Guangzhou Beijing Santiago Kuala Lumpur Vienna Buenos Aires Toronto Lisbon Warsaw Dubai Houston London Port Louis Dubai Lisbon Madrid Prague Hong Kong Perth Manila Toronto Madrid Taipei Montreal Sao Paulo Montreal Tokyo Montreal Zurich Moscow Delhi New York Tunis Bangkok Frankfurt Rome Sao Paulo Bangkok Mumbai Santiago Zurich Barcelona Dubai Bangkok Delhi Beijing Qingdao Bangkok Warsaw Brussels Washington (DC) Cairo Sydney Dubai Guangzhou Chicago Prague Dubai Hamburg Dallas Dubai Dubai Montreal Frankfurt Rome Dublin Milan Istanbul Melbourne Johannesburg Mexico City Kuala Lumpur San Francisco Johannesburg Sao Paulo Luxembourg Madrid Karachi New York Mexico City Prague Kuwait City London Bangkok Guangzhou London Seattle Beijing Lima Luxembourg Shanghai Beijing Vancouver Madrid Melbourne Buenos Aires Melbourne Milan Munich Buenos Aires Delhi Toronto Vancouver Buenos Aires Stockholm Atlanta Shanghai Casablanca Singapore Barcelona Shanghai Dublin Taipei Beijing Dublin Düsseldorf Mexico City Beijing Düsseldorf Guangzhou Mumbai Beijing Rome Houston Miami Budapest Paris Lima Shanghai Buenos Aires Moscow Lima Sydney Cairo Dubai Los Angeles Montreal Guangzhou Shenzhen Riyadh Toronto Hangzhou Shanghai Bangalore Beijing Istanbul Seoul Beijing Doha Jakarta Warsaw Brussels Houston Johannesburg Madrid Brussels Delhi London Tianjin Copenhagen Paris Miami Warsaw Dublin Los Angeles Moscow Riyadh Guangzhou Hangzhou Mumbai Stockholm Kuala Lumpur Lisbon Munich Sydney Santiago Warsaw Munich Tokyo Atlanta Mumbai Stockholm Zurich Beijing Berlin Atlanta Tokyo Brussels Dublin Beijing Hamburg Brussels Rome Beijing Vienna Chicago Hamburg Dubai Manila Dubai Lima Frankfurt Istanbul Lisbon Seoul Frankfurt Luxembourg London San Jose (CR) Hangzhou Hong Kong Mexico City Rome Houston San Francisco Miami Montreal Los Angeles Warsaw New York Tianjin Milan Santiago Seoul Washington (DC) San Francisco Seoul Auckland Beijing Bangkok Madrid Bangkok Manila Berlin Singapore Beijing Hefei Brussels Istanbul Beirut Singapore Chicago Vienna Belgrade New York Dubai Ho Chi Minh City Bogota Santiago Dublin Tokyo Brussels Montreal Hamburg Shanghai Brussels Santiago Istanbul Mumbai Dublin Miami Johannesburg Toronto Frankfurt Hamburg Kiev New York Hong Kong Rio De Janeiro Moscow Vienna Istanbul Prague Seoul Warsaw Istanbul San Francisco Bangkok Mexico City Istanbul Stockholm Barcelona Madrid Lisbon Zurich Budapest Hong Kong Prague Warsaw Buenos Aires Kuala Lumpur Taipei Warsaw Frankfurt Taipei Toronto Vienna Hong Kong Tianjin Amsterdam Düsseldorf Houston Sao Paulo Amsterdam Santiago Delhi Seoul Atlanta Boston Shanghai Vienna Atlanta Madrid Amsterdam Mumbai Bangkok Buenos Aires Birmingham (UK) London Barcelona Frankfurt Bogota Sydney Chengdu Guangzhou Frankfurt Houston Chengdu Shenzhen Istanbul Kuala Lumpur Melbourne Stockholm Lisbon Sao Paulo Prague Sao Paulo Los Angeles Zurich San Francisco Stockholm Melbourne Seoul Sydney Vancouver Mexico City Montreal Amsterdam Montreal Perth Sydney Amsterdam Munich Santiago Toronto Amsterdam Washington (DC) Amsterdam Istanbul Beijing Brisbane Atlanta Sydney Beijing Fuzhou Atlanta Toronto Bogota Kuala Lumpur Beijing Bogota Bratislava New York Beijing Changsha Bucharest Milan Chengdu Hong Kong Frankfurt Montreal Chengdu Shanghai Istanbul Vienna Dublin Toronto Johannesburg Stockholm Ho Chi Minh City Tokyo London San Diego Lisbon Shanghai Manila Taipei Mexico City Stockholm Mexico City Munich Sao Paulo Taipei Montreal Taipei Beijing Suzhou Stockholm Taipei Bogota Chicago Beijing Hanoi Brussels Miami Bogota Jakarta Brussels San Francisco Brussels Riyadh Buenos Aires Istanbul Brussels Vienna Chicago Santiago Buenos Aires Johannesburg Doha Dubai Buenos Aires Vienna Frankfurt Stockholm Düsseldorf Frankfurt Hong Kong Lima Hamburg Warsaw Madrid Riyadh Hangzhou Shenzhen Mexico City Riyadh Manila Mexico City Singapore Vancouver Montreal San Francisco Stockholm Toronto Delhi Taipei Auckland Singapore Prague Tokyo Bangkok Taipei San Francisco Warsaw Bogota Sao Paulo Sydney Tel Aviv Geneva New York Athens Dubai Jakarta Zurich Berlin Dubai Kuala Lumpur Melbourne Chengdu New York Manama New York Chicago Tel Aviv Miami Seoul Copenhagen Hong Kong Milan Vienna Dallas Miami Delhi Sao Paulo Dallas Milan Seoul Zurich Dublin Jakarta Bogota Milan Istanbul Santiago Dallas Paris Lima Paris Dubai Rome Los Angeles Santiago Düsseldorf Madrid Mumbai Santiago Houston Toronto Delhi Stockholm Kuala Lumpur Delhi Oslo Paris New York Panama City Warsaw Washington (DC) Amsterdam San Francisco Atlanta Sao Paulo Bangalore Paris Berlin Shanghai Bangkok Los Angeles Bogota Miami Buenos Aires Jakarta Boston Dallas Chicago Düsseldorf Budapest Chicago Copenhagen Singapore Buenos Aires Dublin Doha Hong Kong Cairo Milan Moscow Prague Chongqing Shanghai Perth Singapore Copenhagen Stockholm Seoul Stockholm Jakarta Lisbon Atlanta Los Angeles Jeddah London Beijing Dallas Johannesburg Taipei Cairo Hong Kong Lima Milan Cape Town London Lisbon Miami Detroit London Montreal Seoul Guangzhou Kuala Lumpur Munich Warsaw Guangzhou Seoul Paris Perth Houston Milan Rio De Janeiro Sao Paulo Lisbon Tokyo Riyadh Warsaw London Panama City Abu Dhabi Dubai Luxembourg Sydney Atlanta Washington (DC) Luxembourg Tokyo Bangkok Johannesburg Mexico City Taipei Bangkok San Francisco Minneapolis New York Bogota Brussels Shanghai Tianjin Bogota Istanbul Taipei Zurich Cairo Shanghai Buenos Aires Frankfurt Chicago Lima Dublin Mumbai Houston Mumbai Düsseldorf Sydney Johannesburg Santiago Ho Chi Minh City Sydney Madrid Manila Hong Kong Tel Aviv Miami Riyadh Jakarta Johannesburg Abu Dhabi Paris London Zagreb Antwerp London Madrid Delhi Bangkok Miami Mumbai Warsaw Beijing Bucharest Singapore Tel Aviv Buenos Aires Lima Amsterdam Kuala Lumpur Chicago Guangzhou Beijing Prague Dallas Sao Paulo Boston Madrid Dubai Hanoi Brussels Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Los Angeles Buenos Aires Zurich Houston Seoul Doha Paris Johannesburg San Francisco Düsseldorf Milan Lisbon Toronto Istanbul Los Angeles Los Angeles Manila Melbourne Miami Luxembourg Toronto Milan Prague Miami Vienna Oslo Singapore Milan Tel Aviv Rome Sydney Perth Tokyo Stockholm Warsaw Shanghai Suzhou Bangalore Mumbai Taipei Vienna Bangkok Brussels Amsterdam Barcelona Beijing Dalian Amsterdam Prague Bogota Tokyo Bangalore Delhi Boston Houston Bogota Seoul Brussels Johannesburg Boston Moscow Chicago Riyadh Brussels Lisbon Dallas Sydney Bucharest Dubai Detroit New York Casablanca Paris Guangzhou Jakarta Chongqing Hong Kong Hangzhou London Dallas Houston Madrid Washington (DC) Guangzhou Mexico City Amsterdam Johannesburg London Monterrey Beijing Jinan Manchester New York Boston Milan Riyadh San Francisco Boston Mumbai Riyadh Zurich Brisbane Singapore Almaty London Buenos Aires Seoul Amsterdam Vienna Dublin Mexico City Bangalore Toronto Hamburg Milan Bangkok Dublin Hamburg Moscow Barcelona Brussels Kuwait City New York Bogota Mumbai Prague Shanghai Buenos Aires San Francisco Rome Shanghai Dallas Madrid Barcelona Sydney Doha Milan Brussels Buenos Aires Dubai Perth Buenos Aires Mumbai Istanbul Riyadh Buenos Aires Warsaw Melbourne Santiago Cape Town New York Shanghai Vancouver Istanbul Zurich Bangalore Chicago Kuala Lumpur Miami Barcelona Toronto Kuala Lumpur Warsaw Boston Zurich Madrid Montreal Doha Shanghai Madrid Vienna Dublin Frankfurt Miami Zurich Frankfurt Vienna New York San Juan Hong Kong Suzhou Barcelona Sao Paulo Jakarta Montreal Beijing Xiamen Johannesburg Zurich Dubai Dublin Kiev Singapore Dublin Madrid London Nanjing Hanoi Hong Kong Luxembourg Zurich Houston Mexico City Delhi Warsaw London Sofia Perth Shanghai Luxembourg Milan Santiago Taipei Luxembourg Sao Paulo Seoul Vienna Prague Sydney Singapore Tianjin Atlanta Beijing Barcelona Istanbul Barcelona Chicago Beijing Tel Aviv Bogota Toronto Berlin Milan Chengdu London Brussels Luxembourg Chicago Dublin Chennai Hong Kong Guangzhou Taipei Dublin Istanbul Hamburg Sydney Dublin Stockholm Ho Chi Minh City Paris Hong Kong Philadelphia Madrid Rome Kuala Lumpur Riyadh Miami Stockholm Lima Madrid San Francisco Zurich Lisbon Mumbai Amsterdam Miami Munich Toronto Barcelona Mexico City Amsterdam Delhi Berlin Paris Athens Beijing Bogota Madrid Berlin Sydney Bucharest Paris Brussels Budapest Budapest Milan Brussels Hamburg Frankfurt Munich Cairo Kuala Lumpur Lisbon Sydney Calgary Singapore Moscow Munich Frankfurt Manila Moscow Rome Guangzhou Los Angeles New York San Jose (CR) Hong Kong Wuhan Amsterdam Buenos Aires Istanbul Lisbon Amsterdam Taipei Melbourne Montreal Athens Hong Kong Rome Seoul Atlanta Dubai Shanghai Wuhan Auckland Hong Kong Amsterdam Rome Beijing Shenyang Atlanta Dallas Boston Frankfurt Bangkok Vienna Brussels Mumbai Barcelona Jakarta Lisbon Mexico City Berlin Moscow Luxembourg Moscow Bogota Delhi Melbourne San Francisco Bogota Warsaw Mexico City Washington (DC) Bogota Zurich
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mexico City Committee History of Exchanges
    History of Exchange Mexico City, Mexico Chicago’s Sister City Since 1991 Co-Chair: Alejandro Silva Co-Chair: Adriana Escarcega 1991 Focus: Signing Agreement Chicago and Mexico City became friendship cities in October 1991, when Mayor Richard M. Daley and Mexico City Mayor Manuel Camacho Solis signed a Friendship Cities Agreement at a reception hosted by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. While in Chicago, Mayor Solis addressed the University of Chicago's Mexican Studies Department, visited the Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum and the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations and toured Chicago's Mexican communities. Prior to the signing, Mexico City officials Hesiquio Aguilar and Xavier Casillas participated in the 1991 Sister Cities International Conference held in July. 1992 Focus: Culture Helen Valdez, Chair of the Mexico City Committee, presented slides and information on the Archaeological Treasures of Tenochitian exhibit. Focus: Culture Chicago poets participated in the Poem for Mexico City contest where the prize for the winner was a trip to Mexico City and the opportunity to perform. Poets from Mexico City, Prague and Shenyang attended the finals. 1993 Focus: Culture The Mexico City Committee sponsored The Art of the Other Mexico: Sources and Meanings. This exhibit, produced by the Mexican Fine Arts Center Museum opened in November 1993 and featured contemporary artwork of 20 artists of Mexican descent from across the U.S. Focus: Culture Artist Monica Castillo participated in the O'Hare International Airport Terminal mural project. The mural representing Ms. Castillo's impression of Chicago, titled El Viento (The Wind), was permanently installed in the arrival corridor of the International Terminal at O'Hare Airport.
    [Show full text]
  • Kuala Lumpur-Bangkok by Luxury Train
    Kuala Lumpur-Bangkok by Luxury Train https://www.irtsociety.com/journey/kuala-lumpur-bangkok-by-luxury-train/ Overview The Highlights The Society of International Railway Travelers | irtsociety.com | (800) 478-4881 Page 1/5 - Two nights' accommodation aboard the Eastern & Oriental Express luxury train - Dedicated 24-hour steward service - Daily continental breakfast served in your cabin - Daily three-course lunch & four-course dinner - House wine, house spirits, and local beer included - Visit a local Malaysian village with choice of excursion - Choice of options in Kanchanaburi - visit the River Kwai Bridge and Thai-Burma Railway Museum, enjoy a bike trip through rice paddies, or participate in a floating cooking class and culinary tour. The Tour Journey on board the Eastern & Oriental Express from Kuala Lumpur to exciting Bangkok through the heart of Southeast Asia. Visit a Malaysian village and choose from several different options for touring in Kanchanburi - visit the infamous River Kwai Bridge, or enjoy a biking tour or cooking class. Travel in comfort and luxury, with exquisite dining, superb service and fun entertainment on board the Eastern & Oriental Express. This itinerary is also available in the reverse direction: Bangkok-Kuala Lumpur. Itinerary Day 1: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Begin your journey late evening at Kuala Lumpur's Majestic Hotel, where you are assisted with luggage and complete check-in formalities. Transfer to the train station to board the Eastern & Oriental Express and begin your journey north. Settle in to your private cabin for the night. Day 2: Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia This morning as the train travels through the verdant rainforests and rural west-coast towns of Malaysia, enjoy a leisurely breakfast in the comfort of your cabin.
    [Show full text]
  • Prometric Combined Site List
    Prometric Combined Site List Site Name City State ZipCode Country BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA LAB.1 Buenos Aires ARGENTINA 1006 ARGENTINA YEREVAN, ARMENIA YEREVAN ARMENIA 0019 ARMENIA Parkus Technologies PTY LTD Parramatta New South Wales 2150 Australia SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA Sydney NEW SOUTH WALES 2000 NSW AUSTRALIA MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA Melbourne VICTORIA 3000 VIC AUSTRALIA PERTH, AUSTRALIA PERTH WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6155 WA AUSTRALIA VIENNA, AUSTRIA Vienna AUSTRIA A-1180 AUSTRIA MANAMA, BAHRAIN Manama BAHRAIN 319 BAHRAIN DHAKA, BANGLADESH #8815 DHAKA BANGLADESH 1213 BANGLADESH BRUSSELS, BELGIUM BRUSSELS BELGIUM 1210 BELGIUM Bermuda College Paget Bermuda PG04 Bermuda La Paz - Universidad Real La Paz BOLIVIA BOLIVIA GABORONE, BOTSWANA GABORONE BOTSWANA 0000 BOTSWANA Physique Tranformations Gaborone Southeast 0 Botswana BRASILIA, BRAZIL Brasilia DISTRITO FEDERAL 70673-150 BRAZIL BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL Belo Horizonte MINAS GERAIS 31140-540 BRAZIL BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL Belo Horizonte MINAS GERAIS 30160-011 BRAZIL CURITIBA, BRAZIL Curitiba PARANA 80060-205 BRAZIL RECIFE, BRAZIL Recife PERNAMBUCO 52020-220 BRAZIL RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL Rio de Janeiro RIO DE JANEIRO 22050-001 BRAZIL SAO PAULO, BRAZIL Sao Paulo SAO PAULO 05690-000 BRAZIL SOFIA LAB 1, BULGARIA SOFIA BULGARIA 1000 SOFIA BULGARIA Bow Valley College Calgary ALBERTA T2G 0G5 Canada Calgary - MacLeod Trail S Calgary ALBERTA T2H0M2 CANADA SAIT Testing Centre Calgary ALBERTA T2M 0L4 Canada Edmonton AB Edmonton ALBERTA T5T 2E3 CANADA NorQuest College Edmonton ALBERTA T5J 1L6 Canada Vancouver Island University Nanaimo BRITISH COLUMBIA V9R 5S5 Canada Vancouver - Melville St. Vancouver BRITISH COLUMBIA V6E 3W1 CANADA Winnipeg - Henderson Highway Winnipeg MANITOBA R2G 3Z7 CANADA Academy of Learning - Winnipeg North Winnipeg MB R2W 5J5 Canada Memorial University of Newfoundland St.
    [Show full text]
  • IN-Between Metropolitan Strategies Programme Interview #8 | Lima, Peru 8
    IN-Between Metropolitan Strategies Programme Interview #8 | Lima, Peru 8 Within the context of the activities of the Community of Competence on Metropolisation1, INTA and Deltametropool Association joined forces to design the programme In-between Metropolitan Strategies pursuing earlier discussions and exchanges on metropolitan strategies ongoing in a worldwide spectrum. During the first phase, a series of interviews have been realised to several metropolitan cases covering various themes: the scale of the metropolitan area, the governance and cooperation, new forms of urbanity and metropolitan environments, the innovative economical sectors within the metropolitan area and how to develop the metropolis sustainably. Lima Metropolitana, Peru Interview with Virgilio Acuña Peralta, Peruvian MP, councillor of Lima Metropolitana government (2003-2006) 2007-2010: member of the board of EMAPE (municipal company of tolls) 1.! The metropolitan area How extensive is the metropolitan area and how are the metropolitan values and identity formed for this the area? What makes your metropolitan area internationally attractive? 1 http://www.inta-aivn.org/en/communities-of-competence/metropolisation/metropolisation-home In Between Metropolitan Strategies Programme – Interview 7 Lima Metropolitana counts 9 millions inhabitants (including the Province of Callao) and 42 districts. The administrative region of Lima Metropolitana (excluding Callao) has a total surface of 2800 km2. The metropolitan area has an extension of 150km North-South and 60Km on the West (sea coast) - East (toward the Andes) direction. The development of the city with urban sprawl goes south, towards the seaside resorts, outside of the administrative limits of Lima Metropolitana (Province of Cañete, City of Ica) and to the Northern beach areas.
    [Show full text]
  • ZIPAIR's December 2020 to End of March 2021 Period Tokyo-Seoul
    ZIPAIR’s December 2020 to end of March 2021 period Tokyo-Seoul and Tokyo-Bangkok routes booking is now open October 30, 2020 Tokyo, October 30, 2020 – ZIPAIR Tokyo will start to sell tickets for the Tokyo (Narita) - Seoul (Incheon) and Tokyo (Narita) - Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi) routes for travel between December 1, 2020 and March 27, 2021, from today, October 30. 1. Flight Schedule Tokyo (Narita) - Seoul (Incheon) (October 25 – March 26, 2021) Flight Route Schedule Operating day number Tokyo (Narita) = ZG 41 Narita (NRT) 8:40 a.m. Seoul (ICN) 11:15 a.m. Tue., Fri., Sun. Seoul (Incheon) ZG 42 Seoul (ICN) 12:40 p.m. Narita (NRT) 3:05 p.m. Tue., Fri., Sun. Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi) – Tokyo (Narita) “one-way” Service (October 28 – March 27, 2021) Flight Route Schedule Operating day number Bangkok This service is only available from Bangkok. (Suvarnabhumi) - ZG 52 Bangkok (BKK) 11:30 p.m. Wed., Thu., Fri., Tokyo (Narita) Narita (NRT) 7:15 a.m. (+1) Sat., Sun. 2. Sales Start Flights between December 1 and March 27, 2021. October 30, 6:00 p.m. Website：https://www.zipair.net 3. Airfares (1) Seat Fare (Tokyo - Seoul route) Fare (per seat, one-way) Fare Types Effective period Age Tokyo-Seoul Seoul-Tokyo ZIP Full-Flat JPY30,000-141,000 KRW360,000-440,000 7 years and older Standard Oct. 25, 2020 JPY8,000-30,000 KRW96,000-317,000 7 years and - Mar. 26, 2021 older U6 Standard JPY3,000 KRW36,000 Less than 7 years (2) Seat Fare (Tokyo - Bangkok route) Fare (per seat, one-way) Fare Types Effective period Age Tokyo-Bangkok Bangkok-Tokyo ZIP Full-Flat THB15,000-61,800 7 years and Value older Standard Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Caravans of Friendship: History, Tourism and Politics Along the Exm Ico City-Laredo Highway, 1920S–1940S Bryan Winter
    International Social Science Review Volume 95 | Issue 2 Article 1 Caravans of Friendship: History, Tourism and Politics Along The exM ico City-Laredo Highway, 1920s–1940s Bryan Winter Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/issr Part of the Economics Commons, Human Geography Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Winter, Bryan () "Caravans of Friendship: History, Tourism and Politics Along The exM ico City-Laredo Highway, 1920s–1940s," International Social Science Review: Vol. 95 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/issr/vol95/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Nighthawks Open Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Social Science Review by an authorized editor of Nighthawks Open Institutional Repository. Caravans of Friendship: History, Tourism and Politics Along The exM ico City-Laredo Highway, 1920s–1940s Cover Page Footnote Bryan Winter, Ph.D., is an adjunct faculty instructor in Geography in the Colorado Community College System. This article is available in International Social Science Review: https://digitalcommons.northgeorgia.edu/issr/vol95/iss2/1 Winter: Caravans of Friendship Caravans of Friendship: History, Tourism and Politics Along The Mexico City-Laredo Highway, 1920s–1940s On the afternoon of May 12, 1931, the Mexican Minister of Communications, General
    [Show full text]
  • Modernism Without Modernity: the Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940 Mauro F
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Management Papers Wharton Faculty Research 6-2004 Modernism Without Modernity: The Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940 Mauro F. Guillen University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers Part of the Architectural History and Criticism Commons, and the Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons Recommended Citation Guillen, M. F. (2004). Modernism Without Modernity: The Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940. Latin American Research Review, 39 (2), 6-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2004.0032 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/mgmt_papers/279 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modernism Without Modernity: The Rise of Modernist Architecture in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, 1890-1940 Abstract : Why did machine-age modernist architecture diffuse to Latin America so quickly after its rise in Continental Europe during the 1910s and 1920s? Why was it a more successful movement in relatively backward Brazil and Mexico than in more affluent and industrialized Argentina? After reviewing the historical development of architectural modernism in these three countries, several explanations are tested against the comparative evidence. Standards of living, industrialization, sociopolitical upheaval, and the absence of working-class consumerism are found to be limited as explanations. As in Europe, Modernism
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusive Growth in Seoul
    Inclusive Growth in Seoul Policy Highlights About the OECD About the OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a forum in which The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is a forum in which governments compare and exchange policy experiences, identify good practices in light of emerging governments compare and exchange policy experiences, identify good practices in light of emerging challenges, and promote decisions and recommendations to produce better policies for better lives. challenges, and promote decisions and recommendations to produce better policies for better lives. The OECD’s mission is to promote policies that improve economic and social well-being of people The OECD’s mission is to promote policies that improve economic and social well-being of people around the world. around the world. The OECD Champion Mayors initiative The OECD Champion Mayors initiative The OECD launched a global coalition of Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth in March 2016, as part The OECD launched a global coalition of Champion Mayors for Inclusive Growth in March 2016, as part of the broader OECD Inclusive Growth initiative. The OECD approach to Inclusive Growth is multi- of the broader OECD Inclusive Growth initiative. The OECD approach to Inclusive Growth is multi- dimensional, going beyond income. Champion Mayors are a group of willing leaders who have dimensional, going beyond income. Champion Mayors are a group of willing leaders who have committed to tackling inequalities and promoting more inclusive economic growth in cities. For more committed to tackling inequalities and promoting more inclusive economic growth in cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Air France's A380 Is Coming to Mexico!
    Air France’s A380 is coming to Mexico! February 2016 © Stéphan Gladieu Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral This winter, Air France is offering six weekly frequencies between Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Mexico. Since 12 January 2016, there have been three weekly flights operated by Airbus A380, the Company’s largest super jumbo (Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday). The three other flights are operated by Boeing 777-300. From 28 March 2016, the A380 will fly between the two cities daily. On board, customers will have the option of travelling in four flight cabins ensuring optimum comfort – La Première, Business, Premium Economy and Economy. Airbus A380 Flight Schedule (in local time) throughout the winter 2016 season • AF 438: leaves Paris-Charles de Gaulle at 13:30, arrives in Mexico at 18:40; • AF 439: leaves Mexico at 21:10, arrives at Paris- Charles de Gaulle at 14:25. Flights operated by A380 on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays from 12 January to 26 March 2016. Daily flights by A380 as from 27 March 2016. © Stéphan Gladieu The comfort of an A380 Boarding an Air France Airbus A380 always guarantees an exceptional trip. On board, the 516 passengers travel in perfect comfort in exceptionally spacious cabins. Two hundred and twenty windows fill the aircraft with natural light, and changing background lighting allows passengers to cross time zones fatigue-free. In addition, six bars are located throughout the aircraft, giving passengers the chance to meet up during the flight. With cabin noise levels five decibels lower than industry standards, the A380 is a particularly quiet aircraft and features the latest entertainment and comfort technology.
    [Show full text]
  • List of the Commemorative Events(PDF)
    60th Anniversary for the Establishment of Japan-Saudi Arabia Diplomatic Relationships List of Commemorative Events As of September 14, 2015 Name of Event Date Place Organizer Description of Event November 4th, Damman Azbil Saudi Limited. Inauguration Ceremony of the 2014 (Azbil Saudi Factory which includes speeches by Limited, Head HE Minister Dr. Tawfig, President of Factory Inauguration Quarter & Factory Azbil, etc followed by Ceremony & Reception and Meridien commemorative events such as . At by Azbil Saudi Limited. Hotel Al-Khobar) the reception, Mr. Takahashi, CDA (In Azbil and Al-Khobar) a.i. at the Embassy of Japan, and President of ARAMCO Asia Japan, etc delivered speeches. MOU Signing Ceremony November 4th, Asharqia Japan Cooperation Signing ceremony for the MOU for for Mutual Cooperation 2014 Chamber, Center for the Middle mutual cooperation on industrial on Investment Dammam East development between Asharqia Development Chamber and JCCME. (In Dammam) November 15th King Abdulaziz Embassy of Japan in Joint welcome ceremony with the ~17th Port (Dammam) Riyadh and Japan Royal Saudi Naval Forces and related Visit by Units of Japan Maritime Self-Defense reception was held on the occasion of Maritime Self Defense Force minesweeper from the Japanese Forces for International Self-Defense Forces which visited Mine Countermeasures the port of Dammam to participate in Exercise 2014 the International Mine (In Dammam) Countermeasures Exercise. 1 Name of Event Date Place Organizer Description of Event November 18th King Fahd Cultural Embassy of Japan in The Embassy participated in the 7th ~22nd Center (Riyadh) Riyadh, Ministry of International Children’s Day Festival Culture and and showed a Japanese calligraphy, Participation to the 7th Information Origami, and Japanese traditional International Children’s garments.
    [Show full text]
  • From Incheon Airport to Conrad Seoul Airport Bus # 6030
    From Incheon Airport to Conrad Seoul Method Depart Arrival Cost Duration Remarks Hotel Incheon Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 159,500 45 min. *most convenient* Limousine Airport Terminal 1: Gate 6B Airport bus Incheon 60 min (T1). Terminal 2: Gate 32 Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 15,000 # 6030 Airport 1hr 15min (T2). (approximately 18 minutes from T2 to T1) KRW 60,000 (R) Incheon R: Regular taxi Taxi Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 75,000 (D) 50 min. ~ 1hr Airport D: Deluxe taxi *Toll fee inclusive Take Airport Railroad (AREX) from Incheon airport Terminal 1 or 2(bound for Yeouido Stn. (exit #3) Gongdeok Station) then Transfer to T2: KRW 4,750 T2: 78 min is 10 min. walking Subway subway Line #5 at Gongduk Station T1: KRW 4,150 T1: 70 min distance away from (bound for Banghwa station) -> take off Hotel at Yeouido Station ※ Duration time and taxi fare can be changed depending on traffic condition Airport bus # 6030 Information Bus stop at Incheon airport Terminal 1 Bus stop is at 1st Floor Gate 6B in Incheon International Airport Terminal 1 Bus ticket purchasing is at gate 4 or 9 Bus stop at Incheon airport Terminal 2 Bus stop is at B1 Floor Gate 32 in Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 Bus ticket purchasing is available at ticket office on same B1 Floor. Conrad Seoul, 23-1, Yeouido-dong, Yeongdungpo-gu, Seoul 150-945, Korea Tel. 82-2-6137-7000 Concierge / Front office Time Table for Airport Bus #6030 How to take Airport railroad (AREX) From Incheon Airport Terminal 1: Ticketing available on B1F, take the regular Airport railroad From Incheon Airport Terminal 2: Ticketing available on B1F, take the regular Airport railroad Stations Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 ⇔ Incheon International Airport Terminal 1 ⇔ Incheon International Airport Cargo Terminal ⇔ Unseo ⇔ Yeongjong ⇔ Cheongna International City ⇔ Geomam ⇔ Gyeyang ⇔ Gimpo International Airport ⇔ Digital Media City ⇔ Hongik University ⇔ Gondeok(Transfer to Line#5) ⇔ Seoul Station From Gimpo Airport to Conrad Seoul Method Depart Arrival Cost Duration Remarks Hotel Gimpo Airport Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 99,000 30 min.
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Impact on Peru (1520 - 1824)
    Spanish Impact on Peru (1520 - 1824) San Francisco Cathedral (Lima) Michelle Selvans Setting the stage in Peru • Vast Incan empire • 1520 - 30: epidemics halved population (reduced population by 80% in 1500s) • Incan emperor and heir died of measles • 5-year civil war Setting the stage in Spain • Iberian peninsula recently united after 700 years of fighting • Moors and Jews expelled • Religious zeal a driving social force • Highly developed military infrastructure 1532 - 1548, Spanish takeover of Incan empire • Lima established • Civil war between ruling Spaniards • 500 positions of governance given to Spaniards, as encomiendas 1532 - 1548, Spanish takeover of Incan empire • Silver mining began, with forced labor • Taki Onqoy resistance (‘dancing sickness’) • Spaniards pushed linguistic unification (Quechua) 1550 - 1650, shift to extraction of mineral wealth • Silver and mercury mines • Reducciones used to force conversion to Christianity, control labor • Monetary economy, requiring labor from ‘free wage’ workers 1550 - 1650, shift to extraction of mineral wealth • Haciendas more common: Spanish and Creole owned land, worked by Andean people • Remnants of subsistence-based indigenous communities • Corregidores and curacas as go- betweens Patron saints established • Arequipa, 1600: Ubinas volcano erupted, therefor St. Gerano • Arequipa, 1687: earthquake, so St. Martha • Cusco, 1650: earthquake, crucifix survived, so El Senor de los Temblores • Lima, 1651: earthquake, crucifixion scene survived, so El Senor de los Milagros By 1700s, shift
    [Show full text]