DOCSLIB.ORG

Metropolitan Lima and the Sustainability Challenge. Growing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Metropolitan Lima and the Sustainability Challenge. Growing CITY REPORT 4 February 2014 Metropolitan Lima and the Sustainability Challenge Growing Cities in Growing Economies City Report Metropolitan Lima and Callao By Liliana Miranda Sara, Guillermo Takano, Carlos Escalante  Metropolitan Lima and the Sustainability Challenge Growing cities in growing economies Urban Chances in Peru Cities for Life Foro City Report Metropolitan Lima and Callao By Liliana Miranda Sara, Guillermo Takano, Carlos Escalante School of Built Environment and Development Studies University of KwaZulu-Natal Full team of researchers: Rommy Torres, Fernando Palomino, Efrain Arana, Linda Zilvert, Sandro Chavez, Consuelo Muguruza as well as MSc. students Jean Paul Kaiser, Lisa Strauch and Ivonne Leung 2 List of Acronyms AML MetropolitanAssemblyofLima MOCCIC ‘CivicMovementcopingClimate Change’ ALA LocalWaterAuthority MPC ProvincialMunicipalityofCallao ANA NationalWaterAuthority MST HomelessMovement APN NationalPortAuthority MVCS MinistryofHousing,Constructionand CAPECO ConstructionChamberofPeru Sanitation CENEPRED NationalCenterforthePreventionand MZEE EcologicalEconomicMicro-Zoning andDiminishingofDisasterRisk NCCC NationalClimateChangeCommittee COFOPRI CommissionfortheFormalizationof InformalProperty OT TerritorialPlanning CONATA NationalCouncilofRealEstateValue PB ParticipatoryBudgeting Appraisals POT TerritorialPlan COREDES RegionalConferenceforSocial PRDC ConcertedDevelopmentPlanof DevelopmentofLima MetropolitanLima EAE StrategicEnvironmntalEvaluaction PCM PrimeMinister’sCouncil EMAPE MunicipalityCompanyofToll PIGARS IntegralPlanforSolidWaste Administration Management ENSO ‘ElNiño’phenomenon RUOS NationalRegisterofSocial GPIP OfficeforthePromotionofPublic Organizations InvestmentsMML SBN NationalSuperintendenceofReal GRC RegionalGovernmentofCallao EstateAssets HIDRONAV DirectorateofHydrographyand SEDAPAL WaterandSewerageServiceof Navigation MetropolitanLima IGN NationalGeographicInstitute SENAMHI NationalServiceofMeteorologyand HydrologyofPeru IIRSA InitiativefortheSouthAmerican Integration SERPAR ParksServicesAdministrationofMML IMARPE PeruvianMarineInstitute SIGRID InformationSystemforDisasterRisk Management INDECI NationalCivilDefenseInstitute SIRAD InformationSystemofResourcesfor INDECOPI PeruvianconsumersdefenseAgency DisasterAttention INVERMET MunicipalityofLimaMetropolitanFund SITR RegionalSpatialInformationSystem ofInvestments IPCC ClimateChangeIntergovernmentalPanel SMCV SociedadMineraCerroVerde IIRSA ProgrammeforRegionalInfrastructurein SouthAmerica SNIP NationalSystemofPublicInvestment LM LimaMetropolitanArea SUNARP NationalPublicRecords LiWa LimaWaterProject Superintendence MCLCP PovertyFightingConcertacionGroup UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram (MML MetropolitanMunicipalityofLima VdeL GlassofMilkProgram(Municipal MINAM MinistryofEnvironmentofPeru ZEE EcologicEconomicZone 3 Table of Contents Summary . 5 1 . Introduction: Context of Urban Governance in the City Concerned . 6 LevelsofGovernmentandTerritorialJurisdictionsInvolvedintheCityRegion . 6.1.1 PlanningSchemesattheNational,Macro-regional,Metropolitan,ProvincialandDistrictLevel . 7.1.2 2 . Main Urban Growth Strategies – The Role of Mega-projects . 10 PositionoftheUrbanEconomyRelatedtoNationalandInternationalEconomyand.2.1 City-centeredVisions . 12 CurrentRoleofLarge-scaleInfrastructureProjectsintheUrbanEconomy . 12.2.2 DebatesonLarge-scaleProjectsinLM . 15.2.3 3 . Unequal Urban Development; Sub-standard Settlements and Mobilization . 16 PopulationGrowth,SpatialDistributionandDensity . 16.3.1 Socio-economicInequalitiesatCityandLocalLevels:Employment,IncomeandLivingEnvironment . 17.3.2 SocialMobilizationandParticipationinSub-standardSettlements. . 24.3.3 4 . Water Governance and Climate Change Issues in City Concerned . 27 TheMetropolitanCityofLimaTerritoryandClimateConfiguration . . 27.4.1 EnvironmentalVulnerabilities . 28.4.2 WaterInstitutionality . 32.4.3 EnvironmentalandClimateChangeInstitutionality................................ 34.4.4 WaterandTerritoryPolicyContext/Interactions . 36.4.5 WhichistheKeyActor´sDecision-makingCapacityofInfluence? . 37.4.6 ProducingVulnerabilityAnalysesandScenarios;SpatialPerspectivesandParticipation. . 37.4.7 5 . Spatial Knowledge Management in the City: Spatial Perspectives and Participation in Knowledge Production, Exchange and Use? . 38 ;DiscoursesandRationalesforIntroducingICT-GIS-basedKMinUrbanGovernance.5.1 Boundaries,WorkProcesses,MappingNeeds . .. 38 KnowledgeManagementinUrbanPlanningintheCity:ActorsandNetworks . 39.5.2 KnowledgeBuilding,UseandContestation,Exchange. 44.5.3 SpatialKnowledgeProducedthroughCitizenParticipationProcesses . . 49.5.4 Conclusions . 53.5.5 6 . The Role of the City Government Finances and Venues of Participation within the Decentralization Process . 53 BudgetaryConsiderations . .. 53.6.1 CitizenParticipationintheCity:ParticipatoryBudgetingProcesses? . 55.6.2 7 . Case-studies . 57 WP2.The‘LíneaAmarilla-ViaParqueRimac’ExpressHighway . 57.7.1 WP3.TheLeftBankoftheRimacRiver(MIRR) . .. 59.7.2 WP4.ThreeScenariosforMetropolitanLimaforYear2025 . 60.7.3 WP5.‘InstitutionalKnowledgeandTechnologyManagementinCallao. . 63.7.4 8 . Conclusions . 65 9 . References . 67 Summary Summary Thepresentcityprofilereportexploresthedevelopment impetuses and effects of the ongoing decentralization of Metropolitan Lima (LM), the capital of Peru on  a processandonhowplanninghasbeenredistributedamong numberofaspectsconcerningitssustainabilityintimes nationalandsub-nationallevelsofgovernment.Chapter2 ofhigheconomicgrowththathasoccurredsteadilyin the exploresthestrategicimportancegiventoinfrastructureat -last15years.Indeed,cities–andparticularlyLimadueto thenationalandmetropolitanlevelsandtherolethatlarge itsprimacy–havebeenconsideredasenginesofeconomic scaleprojectshaveacquiredinordertoconsolidateLM’s growththatatthesametimehaveabsorbeditsimpacts. urbaneconomyaswellasthevisionsandagendasbehind Peruvian cities have certainly reflected the effects of a their implementations and the impacts and debates growth oriented economic model by developing as an generated.Chapter3highlights thefeaturesofurbanization unplannedurbansystemwithgreatinequalitiesbetween inLM,withaparticularemphasisonthesegregatedwayin urban and rural areas, as well as between and within whichLMhasdevelopedandconsolidated;explainedin .cities. Issues such as high physical and environmental relationtodensity,housingandinfrastructureendowments risks,waterstress,socio-spatialsegregation,lackofbasic The whole set of policy efforts and the historical role service coverage, uncontrolled urban sprawl over acquiredbysocialorganizationsinordertoovercomethese agricultural areas based on market forces instead of inequalities arealso deeplyanalyzed.Chapter4aimsto planningbut haveconstitutedLMaseloquentrelevant understand the city’s hydro-climatic vulnerabilities in caseforadetailedstudy. correlationtotheclearterritorialdistributionofinequality showninchapter3andconfrontedwiththeroleofwater Theseimpacts,togetherwiththerecenttransformations andclimatechangeinstitutions.Chapter5confrontsthe thathaveoccurredinLMwillbeexploredinaccordanceto visionsthatdifferentactors/sectors/levelsofgovernment thescientificframework oftheChance2sustainresearch haveonLMandamultilevelapproachtospatialknowledge (project. The report will explore the set of governance bypublic,privateandcivilsocietysectors(includingCBOs1 schemes performing at different levels and involving andtowhatextentthisisrelatedwiththeconformationof differentactorsinordertounderstandhowgrowth,urban ainstitutionalnetwork.Chapter6outlinesseveralfiscaland reconfigurations, social responses, environmental budgetaryissuesrelatedtothemostrecentdecentralization processes and spatial knowledge are related in this waveandthestructuralproblemsitaimstotackle.Italso particularcase,supportedbythecase-studiesproducedby explores the outcomes, problems and possibilities of theChance2Sustainteamofresearchers.Sincetheproject participatory budgeting processes as a possibility to .aims to compare these different phenomena with democratizebudgetallocationanddecision-makinginLM international cases, this report will also refer to the Chapter 7 explores the different case studies that have peculiarities  of LM and its regional/national context in providedempiricalevidenceandsupportedsomeofthe ordertoestablishitsuniquefeatures. analyses and statements done along the document. We closethereportwithconclusionsandadetailedanalysisof
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gawc Link Classification FINAL.Xlsx
    High Barcelona Beijing Sufficiency Abu Dhabi Singapore sufficiency Boston Sao Paulo Barcelona Moscow Istanbul Toronto Barcelona Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Los Angeles Beijing Taiyuan Lisbon Madrid Buenos Aires Taipei Melbourne Sao Paulo Cairo Paris Moscow San Francisco Calgary Hong Kong Nairobi New York Doha Sydney Santiago Tokyo Dublin Zurich Tokyo Vienna Frankfurt Lisbon Amsterdam Jakarta Guangzhou Milan Dallas Los Angeles Hanoi Singapore Denver New York Houston Moscow Dubai Prague Manila Moscow Hong Kong Vancouver Manila Mumbai Lisbon Milan Bangalore Tokyo Manila Tokyo Bangkok Istanbul Melbourne Mexico City Barcelona Buenos Aires Delhi Toronto Boston Mexico City Riyadh Tokyo Boston Munich Stockholm Tokyo Buenos Aires Lisbon Beijing Nanjing Frankfurt Guangzhou Beijing Santiago Kuala Lumpur Vienna Buenos Aires Toronto Lisbon Warsaw Dubai Houston London Port Louis Dubai Lisbon Madrid Prague Hong Kong Perth Manila Toronto Madrid Taipei Montreal Sao Paulo Montreal Tokyo Montreal Zurich Moscow Delhi New York Tunis Bangkok Frankfurt Rome Sao Paulo Bangkok Mumbai Santiago Zurich Barcelona Dubai Bangkok Delhi Beijing Qingdao Bangkok Warsaw Brussels Washington (DC) Cairo Sydney Dubai Guangzhou Chicago Prague Dubai Hamburg Dallas Dubai Dubai Montreal Frankfurt Rome Dublin Milan Istanbul Melbourne Johannesburg Mexico City Kuala Lumpur San Francisco Johannesburg Sao Paulo Luxembourg Madrid Karachi New York Mexico City Prague Kuwait City London Bangkok Guangzhou London Seattle Beijing Lima Luxembourg Shanghai Beijing Vancouver Madrid Melbourne Buenos Aires
    [Show full text]
  • IN-Between Metropolitan Strategies Programme Interview #8 | Lima, Peru 8
    IN-Between Metropolitan Strategies Programme Interview #8 | Lima, Peru 8 Within the context of the activities of the Community of Competence on Metropolisation1, INTA and Deltametropool Association joined forces to design the programme In-between Metropolitan Strategies pursuing earlier discussions and exchanges on metropolitan strategies ongoing in a worldwide spectrum. During the first phase, a series of interviews have been realised to several metropolitan cases covering various themes: the scale of the metropolitan area, the governance and cooperation, new forms of urbanity and metropolitan environments, the innovative economical sectors within the metropolitan area and how to develop the metropolis sustainably. Lima Metropolitana, Peru Interview with Virgilio Acuña Peralta, Peruvian MP, councillor of Lima Metropolitana government (2003-2006) 2007-2010: member of the board of EMAPE (municipal company of tolls) 1.! The metropolitan area How extensive is the metropolitan area and how are the metropolitan values and identity formed for this the area? What makes your metropolitan area internationally attractive? 1 http://www.inta-aivn.org/en/communities-of-competence/metropolisation/metropolisation-home In Between Metropolitan Strategies Programme – Interview 7 Lima Metropolitana counts 9 millions inhabitants (including the Province of Callao) and 42 districts. The administrative region of Lima Metropolitana (excluding Callao) has a total surface of 2800 km2. The metropolitan area has an extension of 150km North-South and 60Km on the West (sea coast) - East (toward the Andes) direction. The development of the city with urban sprawl goes south, towards the seaside resorts, outside of the administrative limits of Lima Metropolitana (Province of Cañete, City of Ica) and to the Northern beach areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Lima-Callao, Peru Titulo Iturreguí, Patricia - Autor/A; Berrospi, Karinna - Autor/A; Ludena, Carlos E
    The economics of low carbon, climate resilient cities : Lima-Callao, Peru Titulo Iturreguí, Patricia - Autor/a; Berrospi, Karinna - Autor/a; Ludena, Carlos E. - Autor/a; Autor(es) Fernandez-Baca, Jaime - Autor/a; Gouldson, Andy - Autor/a; McAnulla, Faye - Autor/a; Sakai, Paola - Autor/a; Sudmant, Andrew - Autor/a; Castro, Sofía - Autor/a; Ramos, Cayo - Autor/a; Lugar Inter-American Development Bank Editorial/Editor British Embassy in Lima 2014 Fecha Colección Inversiones; Adaptación; Migración; Cambio climático; Ciudades; Lima; Perú; Temas Doc. de trabajo / Informes Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/Peru/inte-pucp/20170327034423/pdf_692.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.edu.ar The Economics of Low Carbon, Climate Resilient Cities Lima-Callao, Peru Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy The Economics of Low Carbon, Climate Resilient Cities Lima-Callao, Peru Today 8% of city-scale GDP leaves the local economy every year through payment of the energy, water and waste bill. This is forecast to grow significantly by 2030. my no co 8% of e e al sc GDP leaks y- it c out of the economy Tomorrow Investing 0.8% of GDP p.a. Leads to... Energy 0.8% of GDP could be profitably reductions in the energy bill equalling 1.6% of GDP invested, every year for ten years, Financial viability to exploit commercially attractive just under 2.5 years for cost effective measures to pay for themselves and just under 4.5 years energy efficiency and low carbon for cost neutral measures to pay for themselves opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Peru: Floods and Landslides
    Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Peru: Floods and Landslides DREF Operation: Peru: Floods and Landslides MDRPE008 Glide No. FL-2015-000011-PER Date issued: 07 April 2015 Date of disaster: 23 March 2015 Operation manager (responsible for this EPoA): Pabel Angeles Point of Contact: Jorge Menendez Martínez Executive Director Operation start date: 25 March 2015 Expected timeframe: 3 months Overall operation budget: 78,413 Swiss francs Number of people affected: 3,180 people (including victims and Number of people to be assisted: 1,000 affected people in Chosica and Santa Eulalia) people, approximately 200 families Host National Society presence (no. of volunteers, staff, branches): 1 Headquarters, 38 branches, 2,000 volunteers. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: Since the onset of the event, the National Society coordinated with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) office in Lima (disaster management delegate for South America). The National Societies present in the country are the American Red Cross, German Red Cross and Spanish Red Cross, who have offered their support if required. American Red Cross staff, together with the Peruvian Red Cross team, deployed to the affected area to conduct the initial assessments; a cash distribution proposal has been drawn up for the affected area as bilateral support to the Peruvian Red Cross. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: Governmental Organizations: Armed and Police Forces, Lima Metropolitan Municipality, ESSALUD INDECI (National Civil Defense Institute), MINEDU (Ministry of Education), Ministry of Health (MINSA), Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Labour Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications (MTC).
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Impact on Peru (1520 - 1824)
    Spanish Impact on Peru (1520 - 1824) San Francisco Cathedral (Lima) Michelle Selvans Setting the stage in Peru • Vast Incan empire • 1520 - 30: epidemics halved population (reduced population by 80% in 1500s) • Incan emperor and heir died of measles • 5-year civil war Setting the stage in Spain • Iberian peninsula recently united after 700 years of fighting • Moors and Jews expelled • Religious zeal a driving social force • Highly developed military infrastructure 1532 - 1548, Spanish takeover of Incan empire • Lima established • Civil war between ruling Spaniards • 500 positions of governance given to Spaniards, as encomiendas 1532 - 1548, Spanish takeover of Incan empire • Silver mining began, with forced labor • Taki Onqoy resistance (‘dancing sickness’) • Spaniards pushed linguistic unification (Quechua) 1550 - 1650, shift to extraction of mineral wealth • Silver and mercury mines • Reducciones used to force conversion to Christianity, control labor • Monetary economy, requiring labor from ‘free wage’ workers 1550 - 1650, shift to extraction of mineral wealth • Haciendas more common: Spanish and Creole owned land, worked by Andean people • Remnants of subsistence-based indigenous communities • Corregidores and curacas as go- betweens Patron saints established • Arequipa, 1600: Ubinas volcano erupted, therefor St. Gerano • Arequipa, 1687: earthquake, so St. Martha • Cusco, 1650: earthquake, crucifix survived, so El Senor de los Temblores • Lima, 1651: earthquake, crucifixion scene survived, so El Senor de los Milagros By 1700s, shift
    [Show full text]
  • FGV Direito Rio in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
    FGV Direito Rio in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil FGV Direito Rio is one of the most well respected education institutions in one of the most exciting international cities in the world. There are more than 3,000 undergraduate students and almost 2,000 graduate and master’s students enrolled. During the 2019-20 academic year, no U of M Law students participated in the semester exchange. Summary of Course Offerings http://direitorio.fgv.br/graduacao/gradecurricular Semester Dates Fall semester: August through December 2020 Spring semester: February to July 2021 Language of instruction Portuguese; four to six courses are offered in English each semester Courses/Credits/Grades Up to 15 credits may be transferred per semester abroad Each class period is 100 minutes; each course has either 30 or 60 “course hours” Grading is from 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum) with a passing grade being 7 2 ECTS Credits = 1 Minnesota Credit Registration Registration is done by the International Office prior to the student’s arrival. Participate in our Law School’s lottery for the term you will be away. Register for 12-15 credits. Before leaving for your semester abroad, contact the Law School registrar at [email protected] to convert your credits to Off-campus Legal Studies. Housing FGV Direito Rio does not have on-campus housing for international students. They will provide assistance once students arrive in locating and obtaining off-campus accommodations. Financial Aid and Tuition Payment Financial aid will remain in effect for the semester you are abroad. Please make arrangements to have the balance (after tuition is deducted) sent to you if disbursement occurs after you have departed the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Buenos Aires to Lima By
    FH {SR--27 The Bolivar Hotel Lima, Peru August 31, 1942 Dear hr. <oer s It is surprising how simple and relatively unexciting it seems to fly. Saturday, August 22, I climbed aboard a seven-ton, two-motored anagra plane and took off for the first time in my.life on the first lap of a 6,000 mile air journey--Buenos Aires to iiami. We were off and away without a bump. In a few minutes we were roaring high above the pampa. There is no reason to get poetic about a bird's eye view of the rGentine plains. For two and a half hours, at seven thousand feet, we moved over the flat gra. in belt. I amused myself by looking at the edge of the ing and watching one field after another come into view. That way one 5or the feeling of mo- tion.. any of the fields, I knew, were as large as five hundred or a thousand acres. One could count the chacras below. Every primitive bin or two meant a chacra. One could look right down upon th yel'low ,aize in thcorntrojes, uncovered and unpro- tected from the elements. Estancias were umistakable too, for stately groves of trees numbered them. Trees stood out best of all. In two hours flyin time the .green of the green fields bec-ame lighter, ore delicate, and I kno: that C6rdoba could not be very far away. Surely enoush, 6rdoba came into view, restin in a natural de- pression at the foot of the sierras and at the edge of the pampa.
    [Show full text]
  • National Adaptation Planning in Peru Country
    Programme title: National Adaptation Planning in Peru Country: Peru National designated authority: Ministry of Economy and Finance Implementing Institution: Fundación Avina Date of first submission: 5 September 2018 Date of current submission / 16 August 2019 V.## version number Readiness and Preparatory Support Page 2 of 58 How to complete this document? - Please visit the Empowering Countries page of the GCF website to download the Readiness Guidebook and learn how to access funding under the GCF Readiness and Preparatory Support Programme. - This document should be completed by National Designated Authorities (NDA) or focal points with support from their Delivery Partners where relevant. Once completed, this document should be submitted to the GCF by the NDA or focal point to [email protected]. - Please be concise. If you need to include any additional information, please attach it to the proposal. - If the Delivery Partner implementing the Readiness support is not a GCF Accredited Entity for project Funding Proposals, please complete the Financial Management Capacity Assessment (FMCA) questionnaire and submit it prior to or with this Readiness proposal. The FMCA is available for download at the Library page of the GCF website. Where to get support? - If you are not sure how to complete this document, or require support, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. - You can also complete as much of this document as you can and then send it to [email protected], copying both the Readiness Delivery Partner and the relevant GCF Country Dialogue Specialist and Regional Advisor. Please refer to the Country Profiles page of the GCF website to identify the relevant GCF Country Dialogue Specialist and Regional Advisor.
    [Show full text]
  • El Ermitaño and Pampa De Cueva As Case Studies for a Regional Urbanization Strategy
    Article Place-Making through the Creation of Common Spaces in Lima’s Self-Built Settlements: El Ermitaño and Pampa de Cueva as Case Studies for a Regional Urbanization Strategy Samar Almaaroufi 1, Kathrin Golda-Pongratz 1,2,* , Franco Jauregui-Fung 1 , Sara Pereira 1, Natalia Pulido-Castro 1 and Jeffrey Kenworthy 1,3,* 1 Department of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, 60318 Frankfurt, Germany; samarmaaroufi@gmail.com (S.A.); [email protected] (F.J.-F.); [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (N.P.-C.) 2 UIC School of Architecture, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain 3 Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.G.-P.); jeff[email protected] (J.K.) Received: 30 October 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019; Published: 10 December 2019 Abstract: Lima has become the first Peruvian megacity with more than 10 million people, resulting from the migration waves from the countryside throughout the 20th century, which have also contributed to the diverse ethnic background of today’s city. The paper analyzes two neighborhoods located in the inter-district area of Northern Lima: Pampa de Cueva and El Ermitaño as paradigmatic cases of the city’s expansion through non-formal settlements during the 1960s. They represent a relevant case study because of their complex urbanization process, the presence of pre-Hispanic heritage, their location in vulnerable hillside areas in the fringe with a protected natural landscape, and their potential for sustainable local economic development. The article traces back the consolidation process of these self-built neighborhoods or barriadas within the context of Northern Lima as a new centrality for the metropolitan area.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2017
    Immigrant Visa Issuances By Post December 2017 (FY 2018) Post Visa Class Issuances Abidjan CR1 5 Abidjan DV1 9 Abidjan DV2 3 Abidjan DV3 2 Abidjan F11 1 Abidjan F12 1 Abidjan F21 1 Abidjan F22 2 Abidjan F23 1 Abidjan F41 1 Abidjan F42 1 Abidjan F43 2 Abidjan FX1 3 Abidjan FX2 1 Abidjan IR2 6 Abidjan IR5 5 Abu Dhabi CR1 6 Abu Dhabi CR2 3 Abu Dhabi DV1 12 Abu Dhabi DV2 4 Abu Dhabi DV3 5 Abu Dhabi E11 1 Abu Dhabi E14 1 Abu Dhabi E15 1 Abu Dhabi E21 3 Abu Dhabi E31 10 Abu Dhabi E34 7 Abu Dhabi E35 7 Abu Dhabi F11 1 Abu Dhabi F21 2 Abu Dhabi F24 1 Abu Dhabi F33 5 Abu Dhabi F41 6 Abu Dhabi F42 4 Abu Dhabi F43 5 Abu Dhabi FX1 3 Abu Dhabi I51 15 Abu Dhabi I52 13 Abu Dhabi I53 23 Abu Dhabi IR1 4 Abu Dhabi IR2 4 Abu Dhabi IR5 7 Page 1 of 57 Immigrant Visa Issuances By Post December 2017 (FY 2018) Post Visa Class Issuances Accra CR1 45 Accra CR2 1 Accra DV1 24 Accra DV2 9 Accra DV3 14 Accra E31 1 Accra E34 1 Accra F11 19 Accra F12 9 Accra F21 22 Accra F22 20 Accra F23 3 Accra F24 2 Accra F31 6 Accra F32 6 Accra F33 10 Accra F41 11 Accra F42 7 Accra F43 7 Accra FX1 10 Accra FX2 15 Accra FX3 9 Accra IB3 1 Accra IR1 76 Accra IR2 101 Accra IR3 4 Accra IR5 79 Addis Ababa CR1 52 Addis Ababa DV1 109 Addis Ababa DV2 23 Addis Ababa DV3 24 Addis Ababa E11 2 Addis Ababa E14 2 Addis Ababa E15 4 Addis Ababa F11 10 Addis Ababa F12 1 Addis Ababa F21 27 Addis Ababa F22 25 Addis Ababa F24 10 Addis Ababa F25 1 Addis Ababa F41 3 Addis Ababa F42 2 Page 2 of 57 Immigrant Visa Issuances By Post December 2017 (FY 2018) Post Visa Class Issuances Addis Ababa F43 5 Addis
    [Show full text]
  • Measurement of Radon in Soils of Lima City - Peru During the Period 2016-2017
    EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL Earth Sci. Res. J. Vol. 23, No. 3 (September, 2019): 171-183 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL Measurement of radon in soils of Lima City - Peru during the period 2016-2017 Lázaro Luís Vilcapoma1, María Elena López Herrera1, Patrizia Pereyra1, Daniel Francisco Palacios1, Bertin Pérez1, Jhonny Rojas1, Laszlo Sajo-Bohus2 1Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru 2Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords: soil gas radon; emanation; Lima; LR- Lima City is situated on alluvial fan deposits of rivers flowing through geological formations that contain different 115 detector; Niño Costero; river floods; alluvial levels of uranium. In this paper, a study is made on the average spatial and temporal behavior of radon gas in soils of deposits; igneous rocks. Lima City. Radon concentration was determined using the LR-115 type 2 track detector during 36 periods, of 14 days each, in twenty holes distributed in the fifteen districts of Lima City. Radon concentration in soil pores ranged from 0.1 to 64.3 kBq/m3 with an average value of 5.6 kBq/m3. The average radon concentration in soil gas was about two times lower in winter than in the other seasons. High radon values during October/November 2017 were related to the earthquakes perceived in Lima City in that period. The highest radon concentrations were found in areas of alluvial deposits whose parental material has been removed from the Quilmaná and Huarangal volcanics by the Chillón and Huaycoloro Rivers. Soil gas radon concentrations were even higher in areas closer to volcanic and less distant from rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • CALLAO, PERU Onboard: 1800 Saturday November 26
    Arrive: 0800 Tuesday November 22 CALLAO, PERU Onboard: 1800 Saturday November 26 Brief Overview: A traveler’s paradise, the warm arms of Peru envelope some of the world’s most timeless traditions and greatest ancient treasures! From its immense biodiversity, the breathtaking beauty of the Andes Mountains (the longest in the world!) and the Sacred Valley, to relics of the Incan Empire, like Machu Picchu, and the rich cultural diversity that populates the country today – Peru has an experience for everyone. Located in the Lima Metropolitan Area, the port of Callao is just a stone’s throw away from the dazzling sights and sounds of Peru’s capital and largest city, Lima. With its colorful buildings teeming with colonial architecture and verdant coastline cliffs, this vibrant city makes for a home-away-from-home during your port stay in Peru. Nearby: Explore Lima’s most iconic neighborhoods - Miraflores and Barranco – by foot, bike (PER 104-201 Biking Lima), and even Segway (PER 121-101 Lima by Segway). Be sure to hit up one of the local markets (PER 114-201 Culinary Lima) and try out Peruvian fare – you can’t go wrong with picarones (fried pumpkin dough with anis seeds and honey - pictured above), cuy (guinea pig), or huge ears of roast corn! Worth the travel: Cusco, the former capital of Incan civilization, is a short flight from Lima. From this ancient city, you can access a multitude of Andean wonders. Explore the ruins of the famed Machu Picchu, the city of Ollantaytambo – which still thrives to this day, Lake Titcaca and its many islands, and the culture of the Quechua people.
    [Show full text]