SDGs for Children in Indonesia Provincial snapshot: Central Sulawesi

Introduction 1 million children of entire This provincial snapshot highlights priority child-related 35% Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, based population on national household surveys and other data sources. It complements the national SDG Baseline Report on Children in Indonesia produced by BAPPENAS and UNICEF, to support monitoring and evidence-informed policy making. Central Sulawesi Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah) is a youthful province. Its 1 million children represent 35 per cent of the total population. Over three in four children live in rural areas. Increased strategic investments in children are required to fast-track achievement of the SDGs for the province.

GOAL 1 NO POVERTY

More than 185,000 children (18.2 per cent) were living below Multidimensional child poverty in Central Sulawesi the official poverty line in 2015 (Rp 11,127 per person per day). Many more families are insecure and live on incomes that are only marginally higher. In addition, three-quarters of children 100% Urban experienced deprivations in two or more non-income dimensions 80% of poverty, with persistent disparities between urban and rural Rural 1 areas. 60%

Per cent Number 40% National average Population below national poverty line 14.7 422,000 20% Central Children < 18 below national poverty line 18.2 185,000 75 0% Sulawesi Children < 18 below twice the poverty line 69.1 705,000

GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER

Adopting optimal feeding practices is fundamental to a child’s The prevalence of malnutrition is relatively high, both in rural survival, growth and development. Forty-three per cent of infants and urban areas. Some 16 per cent of newborns have a low were exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life, which is birthweight, and more than four in 10 children under five were on par with the national average. stunted (low height for their age) in 2013.

Geographic disparities in child feeding and nutrition outcomes

50% Urban

40% Rural 30%

National 20% average

10% Central 16 43 41 9 Sulawesi 0% Low birthweight Exclusive breastfeeding Childhood stunting Childhood overweight GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Despite progress, child mortality remains high. For every 1,000 health services, including scaling up access to modern family live births, 26 newborn babies died in their first month of life and planning methods. 85 before their fifth birthday. Two-thirds of infants received the recommended three doses of A majority of women have access to delivery care, with 78 per DTP vaccine and 79 per cent were vaccinated against measles cent of births occurring with assistance from a skilled attendant. in 2015. Increased efforts are needed to reach and sustain high However, there is scope to improve the coverage of reproductive immunisation coverage in rural and urban areas.

Geographic disparities in maternal and child health

Need for family planning 100 satisfied with modern methods (% of women) 80 Institutional deliveries 60 Maternal and

reproductive health Skilled attendant at birth 40

Immunisation 20 coverage – DPT3

1 2 Immunisation 0 coverage – measles Child health Adolescent birth Neonatal Under-five rate (per 1,000 mortality rate mortality rate (per women) (per 1,000 live 1,000 live births) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% births)

Urban Rural National average Central Sulawesi

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Children’s school readiness can be improved through early Wealth disparities in school completion rates childhood development programmes. The participation rate in organised learning among 6-year-olds was 93 per cent in 2015, 100% Richest though most pre-school children are already in primary school. quintile 80% Central Sulawesi has achieved near-universal access to primary Poorest education. However, children from the poorest households are 60% quintile 2.8 times less likely to complete secondary school compared 40% with their most affluent peers. National average Quality of education remains a key concern. Only a third 20% of primary school children achieved the minimum national Central 0% Sulawesi benchmark in reading and a one in eight in mathematics. Primary unior Senior Secondary Secondary

Percentage of children attending school, by age

100% Tertiary

80% Senior secondary

60% Junior secondary

40% Primary

20% Pre-school

0% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ge (at beginning of school year) GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY

The practice of child marriage is declining. In Central Sulawesi, Wealth disparities in child marriage one in five women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18 in 2015. Levels of child marriage are higher among girls from the poorest households. 35% Richest quintile No representative data are available on violence against girls 30% and women at provincial level. Evidence from a national survey Poorest 25% quintile indicates, however, that such violence is widespread: 28 per cent of ever-partnered women and girls experienced physical, sexual 20% National average and/or psychological violence by a current or former intimate 15% partner. Central Sulawesi 10%

5% are 1 % of women married 0% 19 before Child marriage

GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Achieving universal access to drinking water, sanitation and higher, both in households and schools.2 hygiene is crucial to further progress in health, education and Disparities based on wealth and place of residence are poverty eradication. Half of the population used a basic sanitation pronounced, pointing to the importance of integrating equity facility at home in 2015, while more than a quarter practised open considerations into policy and practice and expanding the defecation. Thirty-six per cent of schools have sex-separated toilet community-based total sanitation programme. facilities. The coverage of improved drinking water sources is

Wealth disparities in access to water and sanitation basic water 80% Richest 9% with 78% quintile services schools 60% Poorest quintile School environment 40% Schools with basic water services (%) 78 National average Schools with sex-disaggregated sanitation facilities (%) 36 20% 2 Central Community Sulawesi 0% Villages and wards implementing community-based total mproved asic pen 26 drining water sanitation defecation sanitation (%)

GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Improving levels of birth registration is critical. In 2015, just half Wealth disparities in birth registration of children under 5 years of age had a birth certificate. There are large differences between urban and rural areas and based 80% Richest on households’ wealth status, due to financial and supply-side quintile barriers. 60% Deprivation of liberty remains a common form of punishment for Poorest quintile juvenile offenders, in violation of the principle that this should be 40% a measure of last resort. In Central Sulawesi, 26 per cent of all National children in detention were unsentenced. average 20% Little or no data is available on other child protection issues, such Central Sulawesi as violence against children and trafficking. 0% irth registration PROVINCIAL SCORECARD

The scorecard summarises Central Sulawesi’s performance for a On the right side of the scorecard Central Sulawesi’s rank for selection of SDG indicators compared to other provinces in the each indicator is shown, ranging from 1 for the highest performer country. For each indicator, the graph shows Central Sulawesi’s to 34 for the lowest. Provinces are divided into four quartiles average value as well as the provinces with the highest and the (blue for the highest ranking and red/orange for the lowest lowest data value. ranking provinces).

or Highest ranking province Lowest ranking province Central Sulawesi Arrows point towards direction of positive progress Ranking (out of 34 provinces)

Children below poverty line (%) 2 SDG 1

Multidimensional child deprivation (%)

Exclusive breastfeeding (%) 21

SDG 2 Childhood stunting (%) 2

Need for family planning met (% of women) 1

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 2 SDG 3 Neonatal mortality (per 1,000 live births) 2

Full immunisation coverage (%) 1

Minimum proficiency in math (%) SDG 4

Minimum proficiency in reading (%) 2

Child marriage (%) 1 SDG 5

Improved drinking water (%) 2 SDG 6

Basic sanitation (%) 2

SDG 16 Birth registration (%) 1

0 20 40 60 80 100

Colour leen Best quartile (1–8) Second quartile (9–17) Third quartile (18–25) Bottom quartile (26–34)

Notes Sources: National household surveys (SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, IDHS) and administrative data (Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health). Detailed information on data sources and indicator definitions is available online at: https://sdg4children.or.id 1 Multidimensional child poverty is defined as children who experience deprivations in at least two of the following dimensions: food and nutrition; health; education; housing; water and sanitation; and protection. 2 Indonesia does not yet have nationally representative data on water quality that can be used to calculate the SDG indicator on the use of safely managed drinking water services. Instead, a nationally-defined proxy measure is used to set a baseline for SDG 6. For more information please email jakarta@unicef.org