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APPENDIX A

SURVEY DESIGN

APPENDIX A

SURVEY DESIGN

The main objective of the 1997 Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) was to provide information on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, and maternal and child mortality that can be used by program managers and policy makers to evaluate and improve existing programs. The survey is a follow-on to the 1987 National Indonesia Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (NICPS), the 1991 IDHS and the 1994 IDHS. All of these surveys were carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS).

A.1 Sample Design and Implementation

Indonesia is divided into 27 provinces. For the implementation of its family planning program, the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (NFPCB) has divided these provinces into three regions as follows:

Java-: DKI , West , , DI , , and Bali Outer Java-Bali I: Dista , North , , , , WestNusa Tenggara, West , , North , and Outer Java-Ball II: , , , , East , , , , , , and Irian Jaya

The 1990 Population Census of Indonesia shows that Java-Bali accounts for 62 percent of the national population, Outer Java-Bali I accounts for 27 percent, and Outer Java-Bali II accounts for 11 percent. The sample for the 1997 IDHS was designed to produce reliable estimates of fertility, contraceptive prevalence and other important variables for each of the provinces and urban and rural areas of the three regions.

In order to meet this objective, between 1,650 and 2,050 households were selected in each of the provinces in Java-Bali, 1,250 to 1,500 households in the ten provinces in Outer Java-Bali I, and 1,000 to 1,250 households in each of the provinces in Outer Java-Bali II, for a total of 35,500 households. With an average of O.8 ever-married women 15-49 per household, the sample was expected to yield approximately 28,000 women eligible for the individual interview.

The 1997 IDHS sample is a replication of the 1994 IDHS sample. The sample is stratified by province and by urban and rural domain within each province. The sample was selected in three stages. In the first stage, census enumeration areas (EAs) were selected systematicallywith probability proportional to population size. In each EA, segments of approximately 70 eontignous householdswith clear boundaries were formed, and only one segmentwas selected with a probability proportional to size. In the third stage, 25 households were selected from each segment using a systematic sampling. A complete listing of all households in the selected segments was carried out prior to the selection of households.

Since the sample was designed to produce estimates at the provincial level, the households selected at the provincial level did not constitute a proportional representation at the national level Specifically, households in Outer Java-Bali II were oversampled. The results presented in this report are based on data that were weighted to take account of differential sampling probabilities and nonresponse at both the household and individual levels. The weights are used to produce estimates that are representative at the appropriate level of aggregation (e.g,, provincial, regional, and national).

217 Results of the sample implementation by region and by urban-rural residence as well as by province are shown in Tables A.1 and A.2. As shown in Table A.1, 35,362 households were selected for the 1997 IDHS. Of these, 97 percent were successfully interviewed, 1 percent were not interviewed because there was no competent respondent, 1 percent were found to be vacant, and 1 percent were away during the survey fieldworkers' visit. Other reasons for not interviewing include no competent respondent in the household or the dwelling had been destroyed. The overall household response rate is 99 percent (see Table A. 1 for definition). The level of successful household interviews ranges from less than 94 percent in Central Kalimantan and Southeast Sulawesi to 100 percent in East Timor. The response rates are slightly higher in rural than in urban areas.

Table A.2 presents the survey coverage for the individual interview by region and type of residence. The eligible woman response rate for the 1997 IDHS is 98 percent. The response rates for eligible women are generally lower than household response rates, but range from 95 percent in Bengkulu and Jambi to 100 percent in East Timor. There is little variation by urban-rural residence. The overall response rate--which is the product of the household response rate and the eligible woman response rate--is 97 percent.

A.2 Pretest

Since all of the survey instruments except the family welfare questionnaire were the same as those used in the 1994 IDHS, the pretest was focused on this questionnaire. Six male and four female CBS staff participated in the pretest. Two of the female staff were from the Province Statistics Office (PSO). The pretest training was conducted by CBS staff for three days in June 1997, followed by the data collection, which lasted for three days. The pretest took place in a location outside Jakarta, the capital.

For the pretest fieldwork, a total of 100 households, 121 family welfare and 44 individual women questionnaires were completed. Problems encountered during the pretest training and fieldwork were discussed among the collaborating agencies: NFPCB, CBS, and the Ministry of Health. Based on these discussions, the family welfare questionnaire was finalized. While the household expenditure schedule is a part of the Household Questionnaire, it was decided that it would be administered after the interview with the eligible women in the household had been completed. The family welfare questionnaire would be asked last.

A.3 Field Staff Training

Training of the survey field staff for the main survey was preceded by a course for prospective instructors of field workers, persons who were responsible for the training centers, and the data processing staff. This training was held in August 1997 in . CBS staff who participated in previous DHS surveys served as trainers.

Training for the main survey took place in nine locations spread throughout the country: (), (South Sumatra), Jakarta (DKI Jakarta), (Central Java), (East Java), (East Nusa Tenggara), (East Kalimantan), and Ujung Pandang (South Sulawesi). The training lasted for 16 days. Due to variability in the availability of funds, the training did not take place simultaneously in all training centers. The training was patterned after past IDHS experiences and followed the model DHS training guidelines. Procedures for locating the sample households, conducting an interview, and filling out the forms, as well as tests, mock interviews and field practice were included in the training.

218 Table A.I Sample implementation: results of the household interview

Percent distribution of households in the DHS sample by results of the household interview, and household response rates, according to region, province, and urban-rural residence, Indonesia 1997

Household present but no tom- House- House- petant hold hold respond- Dwelling House- re- interviews ent at Post- not hold Dwelling Dwelling sponse completed home paned Refused found absent vacant destroyed rate l Region and province (C) (NP) (PP) (R) (DNF) (HA) (DV) (DD) Total Number (HRR) lJava-Ball 96,7 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.8 1.1 0.2 100.0 11,152 98.7 DKI Jakarta 95.4 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.8 2.5 0.2 100.0 2,057 98.8 West J'ava 95.3 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.I 1.2 0.4 100.0 2,102 98.1 Central Java 97.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,843 98.7 DI Yogyakarta 97,8 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.0 100.0 1,655 99.1 East Java 98,1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 100.0 1,867 99.3 Bali 96A 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.2 0.3 100.0 1,628 98.3

Outer Java-Bali I 97,5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 100.0 13,017 99.2 Dista Aceh 99,2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,252 99.9 North Sumatra 99,1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 100.0 1,500 99.5 West Sumatra 96,0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 0.0 100.0 1,249 98.5 South Sumatra 98.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,251 99.6 Lampung 96.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.2 0.4 100.0 1,250 100.0 West Nusa Tanggara 98,8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 100.0 1,264 99.8 96,1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.5 100.0 1,251 98.5 South Kalimantan 97,6 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 100.0 1,249 98.3 94.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.2 100.0 1,250 97.6 South Sulawesi 98,3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,501 99.8

Outer Java-Bali II 96,3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.5 0.1 100.0 11,193 98.6 Riau 97,0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 1.8 0.2 100.0 1,250 99.1 Jambi 95.9 0,7 0,0 0,0 0.0 3,1 0.3 0.0 i00,0 1,000 99,3 Bengkulu 96.6 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 100.0 998 97.0 East Nusa Tenggara 97.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,000 99.3 East Timor 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,000 100.0 Central Kalimantan 93,5 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.7 1.2 0.1 100.0 999 97.4 East Kalimantan 95,4 2.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.4 0.1 100.0 999 97.5 Central Sulawesi 96,1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 3.2 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,000 99.4 Southeast Sulawesi 93,5 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.3 0.3 0.1 100.0 1,000 96.1 Maluku 96,6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.2 0.2 100.0 997 99.8 Irian Jaya 97.3 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.2 0.1 100.0 950 99.2

Residence Urban 96.1 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.1 100.0 10,302 98.6 Rural 97,2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.1 100.0 25,060 98.9

Total 96,9 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.6 0.1 I00,0 35,362 98.8

ITbe household response rate (HRR) is calculated as: C C+HP+R+DNF

219 Table A.2 Sample implementation: results of the individual interview

Percent distribution of eligible women in the sample by results of the individual interview, eligible woman response rates, and overall response rates, according to region, province, and urban-rural residence, Indonesia 1997

Eligible Individual Partly In- woman Overall interviews Not at Post- corn- eapaei- response response completed home poned Refused pleted hated Other rate I rate 2 Region and province (C) (NH) (PP) (R) (PC) (I) (O) Total Number (EWRR) (eRR)

Java-Bali 97.9 1.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 100.0 8,920 97.9 96.7 DKI Jakarta 98.9 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 100.0 1,804 98.9 97.7 West Java 98.0 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,622 98.0 96.2 Central Java 97.8 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 I00.0 1,515 97.8 96.6 DI Yogyakarta 99.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,072 99.2 98.2 East Java 98.1 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 100.0 1,559 98.1 97.5 Bali 95.4 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 100.0 1,348 95.4 93.8

Outer Java-Bali 1 98.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 10,993 98.7 97.9 Dista Aeeh 99.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,155 99.3 99.2 North Sumatra 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I00.0 1,409 99.9 99.4 West Sumatra 97.7 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.I 0.1 0.0 100.0 926 97.7 96.3 South Sumatra 98.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,115 98.8 98.4 Lampung 99.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,011 99.2 99.2 99.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,111 99.5 99.2 West Kalimantan 98.1 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 1,020 98.1 96.7 South Kalimantan 98.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,073 98.4 96.7 North Sulawesi 97.4 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 883 97.4 95.1 South Sulawasi 98.3 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 1,290 98.3 98.1

Outer Java-Bali II 98.1 1.6 0.0 0.1 0.I 0.1 0.0 100.0 9,404 98.1 96.6 Rian 98.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1,015 98.9 98.0 Jambi 99.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 867 99.9 99.2 Bengkulu 95.3 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 I00.0 801 95.3 92.4 East Nusa Tanggara 98.0 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 100.0 850 98.0 97.3 East Timer 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 920 100.0 100.0 Central Kalimantan 98.6 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,1 0.0 100.0 776 98.6 96.0 East Katimantan 96.2 3.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 100.0 890 96.2 93.8 Central Sulaweai 99.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 100.0 888 99.1 98.5 Southcest Sulawesi 95.9 3.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 100.0 762 95.9 92.2 Mafuku 97.6 2A 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 829 97.6 97.4 Irian Jaya 98.5 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 806 98.5 97.8

Residence Urban 98.4 1.2 0.0 0.I 0.1 0.1 0.0 100.0 8,253 98.4 97.0 Rural 98.2 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 21,064 98.2 97.2

Total 98.3 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 100.0 29,317 98.3 97.1 tThe eligible woman response rate (EWRR.) is calculated as:

C+NH+PP+R+PC+I+O ~'he overall response rata (eRR) is calculated as: I-IRK × EWRR.

220 A.4 Fieldwork

The 1997 IDHS data were collected by 284 interviewers, 86 field editors and 86 supervisors. Each of the 86 teams consisted of two to four interviewers, one field editor and one supervisor. As in previous DHS surveys, the number of teams in each province was determined by the number of segments selected in the respective province and their distribution throughout the area. Due to the sensitive nature of some questions asked in the survey, all interviewers and field editors were female. However, for logistical and security reasons, male supervisors were used. Most of the survey fieldworkers were CBS staff at the province or /municipality level.

The teams completed work in each segment before moving to the next segment. Generally, the teams were responsible for arranging transportation between sample areas. However, in some areas, local statistics offices provided transportation. In each province, the PSO Director was responsible for the implementation of the survey in his/her province, while the Chief of the Population and Social Statistics Division was assigned as the Technical Coordinator. During the course of data collection, PSO and CBS staffvisited the field periodically to monitor the progress of the fieldwork. The main survey fieldwork began on September 1, 1997 in South Sumatra. The last segment was completed on December 31, 1997.

A.5 Data Processing

The first stage of data editing was carried out by the field editors who checked the completed questionnaires for thoroughness and accuracy. Field supervisors then further examined the questionnaires. In many instances, the teams sent the questionnaires to CBS through the regency/municipality statistics offices. In these cases, no checking was done by the PSO. In other cases, Technical Coordinators are responsible for reviewing the completeness of the forms. At CBS, the questionnaires underwent another round of editing, primarily for completeness and coding of responses to open-ended questions.

The data were processed using microcomputers and the DHS computer program, ISSA (Integrated System for Survey Analysis). Data entry and office editing were initiated immediately after fieldwork began. Simple range and skip errors were corrected at the data entry stage. Data processing was completed by February 1998, and the preliminary report of the survey was published in April 1998.

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