SDGs for Children in Indonesia Provincial snapshot: North Sulawesi

Introduction 757,000 children of entire This provincial snapshot highlights priority child-related 31% Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, based population on national household surveys and other data sources. It complements the national SDG Baseline Report on Children North Sulawesi in Indonesia produced by BAPPENAS and UNICEF, to support monitoring and evidence-informed policy making. North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara) is a youthful province. Its 757,000 children represent 31 per cent of the total population. More than four in 10 children live in urban areas. Increased strategic investments in children are required to fast-track achievement of the SDGs for the province.

GOAL 1 NO POVERTY

Around 86,000 children (11.3 per cent) were living below the Multidimensional child poverty in North Sulawesi official poverty line in 2015 (Rp 9,711 per person per day). Many more families are insecure and live on incomes that are only marginally higher. In addition, 68 per cent of children experienced 80% Urban deprivations in two or more non-income dimensions of poverty, with persistent disparities between urban and rural areas.1 60% Rural

40% Per cent Number National average Population below national poverty line 8.6 209,000 20% North Children < 18 below national poverty line 11.3 86,000 68 0% Sulawesi Children < 18 below twice the poverty line 52.2 395,000

GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER

Adopting optimal feeding practices is fundamental to a child’s The prevalence of malnutrition is relatively high, especially among survival, growth and development. Yet, only one in three infants those in rural areas. Some 14 per cent of newborns have a low in North Sulawesi is exclusively breastfed for the first six months birthweight, and over a third of children under five were stunted of life. (low height for their age) in 2013.

Geographic disparities in child feeding and nutrition outcomes

50% Urban

40% Rural 30%

National 20% average

10% North 14 35 35 11 Sulawesi 0% Low birthweight Exclusive breastfeeding Childhood stunting Childhood overweight GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Despite progress, child mortality remains a challenge. For every reproductive health services, including scaling up access to 1,000 live births, 23 newborn babies died in their first month of modern family planning methods. life and 37 before their fifth birthday. Eight in 10 infants received the recommended three doses of A majority of women have access to delivery care, with 87 per DTP vaccine and 90 per cent were vaccinated against measles cent of births occurring with assistance from a skilled attendant. in 2015. Continued efforts are needed to reach and sustain high However, there is scope to further improve the coverage of immunisation coverage in rural and urban areas.

Geographic disparities in maternal and child health

Need for family planning 80 satisfied with modern methods (% of women)

60 Institutional deliveries Maternal and

reproductive health Skilled attendant at birth 40

Immunisation 20 coverage – DPT3

2 Immunisation 0 coverage – measles Child health Adolescent birth Neonatal Under-five rate (per 1,000 mortality rate mortality rate (per women) (per 1,000 live 1,000 live births) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% births)

Urban Rural National average North Sulawesi

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Children’s school readiness can be improved through early Wealth disparities in school completion rates childhood development programmes. The participation rate in organised learning among 6-year-olds was 99 per cent in 100% Richest 2015, though most pre-school children are already in primary quintile school. 80% Poorest North Sulawesi has achieved near-universal access to primary 60% quintile education. However, children from the poorest households are less than half as likely to complete secondary school compared 40% National average with their most affluent peers. 20% Quality of education remains a key concern. Only a quarter 1 North 0% Sulawesi of primary school children achieved the minimum national Primary unior Senior benchmark in reading and one in seven in mathematics. Secondary Secondary

Percentage of children attending school, by age

100% Tertiary

80% Senior secondary

60% Junior secondary

40% Primary

20% Pre-school

0% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ge (at beginning of school year) GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY

The practice of child marriage is declining. In North Sulawesi, 16 Wealth disparities in child marriage per cent of women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18 in 2015. Levels of child marriage are much higher among girls from the poorest households. 25% Richest quintile No representative data are available on violence against girls 20% and women at provincial level. Evidence from a national survey Poorest quintile indicates, however, that such violence is widespread: 28 per cent of ever-partnered women and girls experienced physical, sexual 15% National average and/or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner. 10% North Sulawesi

5%

are 1 % of women married 0% 16 before Child marriage

GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Achieving universal access to drinking water, sanitation and is higher, both in households and schools.2 hygiene is crucial to further progress in health, education and Disparities based on wealth and place of residence are poverty eradication. Close to six in 10 people used a basic pronounced, pointing to the importance of integrating equity sanitation facility at home in 2015, while 11 per cent practised considerations into policy and practice and further expanding the open defecation. Only 41 per cent of schools have sex-separated community-based total sanitation programme. toilet facilities. The coverage of improved drinking water sources

Wealth disparities in access to water and sanitation basic 84% 100% Richest 9% with water quintile services schools 80% Poorest 60% quintile School environment Schools with basic water services (%) 84 40% National average Schools with sex-disaggregated sanitation facilities (%) 41 20% 11 North Community 2 Sulawesi 0% Villages and wards implementing community-based total mproved asic pen 7 drining water sanitation defecation sanitation (%)

GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Improving levels of birth registration is critical: In 2015, 66 per Wealth disparities in birth registration cent of children under 5 years of age had a birth certificate. There are large differences between urban and rural areas and based on households’ wealth status, due to financial and supply-side 100% Richest quintile barriers. 80% Deprivation of liberty remains a common form of punishment Poorest for juvenile offenders, in violation of the principle that this should 60% quintile be a measure of last resort. In North Sulawesi, 61 per cent of all 40% National children in detention were unsentenced, which is nearly three average times higher than the national average. 20% North Little or no data is available on other child protection issues, such Sulawesi 0% as violence against children and trafficking. irth registration PROVINCIAL SCORECARD

The scorecard summarises North Sulawesi’s performance for a On the right side of the scorecard North Sulawesi’s rank for each selection of SDG indicators compared to other provinces in the indicator is shown, ranging from 1 for the highest performer to country. For each indicator, the graph shows North Sulawesi’s 34 for the lowest. Provinces are divided into four quartiles (blue average value as well as the provinces with the highest and the for the highest ranking and red/orange for the lowest ranking lowest data value. provinces).

or Highest ranking province Lowest ranking province North Sulawesi Arrows point towards direction of positive progress Ranking (out of 34 provinces)

Children below poverty line (%) 1 SDG 1

Multidimensional child deprivation (%) 21

Exclusive breastfeeding (%) 2

SDG 2 Childhood stunting (%)

Need for family planning met (% of women) 1

Skilled attendant at birth (%) 21 SDG 3 Neonatal mortality (per 1,000 live births) 1

Full immunisation coverage (%) 1

Minimum proficiency in math (%) 1 SDG 4

Minimum proficiency in reading (%)

Child marriage (%) 2 SDG 5

Improved drinking water (%) 1 SDG 6

Basic sanitation (%) 1

SDG 16 Birth registration (%) 22

0 20 40 60 80 100

Colour leen Best quartile (1–8) Second quartile (9–17) Third quartile (18–25) Bottom quartile (26–34)

Notes Sources: National household surveys (SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, IDHS) and administrative data (Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health). Detailed information on data sources and indicator definitions is available online at: https://sdg4children.or.id 1 Multidimensional child poverty is defined as children who experience deprivations in at least two of the following dimensions: food and nutrition; health; education; housing; water and sanitation; and protection. 2 Indonesia does not yet have nationally representative data on water quality that can be used to calculate the SDG indicator on the use of safely managed drinking water services. Instead, a nationally-defined proxy measure is used to set a baseline for SDG 6. For more information please email jakarta@unicef.org