SDGs for Children in Indonesia Provincial snapshot: South Sulawesi

Introduction 3 million children of entire This provincial snapshot highlights priority child-related 35% Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators, based population on national household surveys and other data sources. It complements the national SDG Baseline Report on Children in Indonesia produced by BAPPENAS and UNICEF, to support monitoring and evidence-informed policy making. South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) is a youthful province. Its 3 million children represent 35 per cent of the total population. More than six in 10 children live in rural areas. Increased strategic South Sulawesi investments in children are required to fast-track achievement of the SDGs for the province.

GOAL 1 NO POVERTY

Nearly 355,000 children (12 per cent) were living below the Multidimensional child poverty in South Sulawesi official poverty line in 2015 (Rp 8,166 per person per day). Many more families are insecure and live on incomes that are only marginally higher. In addition, 55 per cent of children experienced 80% Urban deprivations in two or more non-income dimensions of poverty, with persistent disparities between urban and rural areas.1 60% Rural

Per cent Number 40% (millions) National average Population below national poverty line 9.4 0.8 20% South Children < 18 below national poverty line 11.8 0.4 55 0% Sulawesi Children < 18 below twice the poverty line 52.7 1.6

GOAL 2 ZERO HUNGER

Adopting optimal feeding practices is fundamental to a child’s The prevalence of malnutrition is relatively high, including survival, growth and development. More than half of infants among those in more affluent households. Some 18 per cent of in South Sulawesi were exclusively breastfed for the first six newborns have a low birthweight, and 41 per cent of children months of life, which is above the national average. under five were stunted (low height for their age) in 2013.

Wealth disparities in child feeding and nutrition outcomes

80% Richest quintile

60% Poorest quintile 40% National average 20% South 18 53 41 7 Sulawesi 0% Low birthweight Exclusive breastfeeding Childhood stunting Childhood overweight GOAL 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Despite progress, child mortality remains a challenge. For every scope to improve the coverage of reproductive health services, 1,000 live births, 13 newborn babies died in their first month of including scaling up access to modern family planning methods. life and 37 before their fifth birthday. Three-quarters of infants received the recommended three doses Most women have access to delivery care, with nine in 10 births of DTP vaccine and 83 per cent were vaccinated against measles occurring with assistance from a skilled attendant. The gap in 2015. Continued efforts are needed to reach and sustain high between urban and rural areas has narrowed. However, there is immunisation coverage in rural and urban areas.

Geographic disparities in maternal and child health

Need for family planning 60 satisfied with modern methods (% of women) 50

Institutional deliveries 40 Maternal and

reproductive health Skilled attendant at birth 30

20 Immunisation coverage – DPT3 10

Immunisation 0 coverage – measles Child health Adolescent birth Neonatal Under-five rate (per 1,000 mortality rate mortality rate (per women) (per 1,000 live 1,000 live births) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% births)

Urban Rural National average South Sulawesi

GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION

Children’s school readiness can be improved through early Wealth disparities in school completion rates childhood development programmes. The participation rate in organised learning among 6-year-olds was 97 per cent in 2015, 100% Richest though many pre-school children are already in primary school. quintile 80% South Sulawesi has achieved near-universal access to primary Poorest education. However, children from the poorest households are 60% quintile much less likely to complete secondary school compared with 40% their more affluent peers. National average Quality of education is a key concern. Only 29 per cent of 20% primary school children achieved the minimum national South 0% benchmark in reading and 18 per cent in mathematics. Primary unior Senior Sulawesi Secondary Secondary

Percentage of children attending school, by age

100% Tertiary

80% Senior secondary

60% Junior secondary

40% Primary

20% Pre-school

0% 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ge (at beginning of school year) GOAL 5 GENDER EQUALITY

The practice of child marriage is declining. Fourteen per cent Wealth disparities in child marriage of women aged 20–24 years were married or in union before the age of 18 in 2015, which is above the national average. Levels of child marriage are higher among girls from the poorest 20% Richest households. quintile No representative data are available on violence against girls Poorest 15% quintile and women at provincial level. Evidence from a national survey indicates, however, that such violence is widespread: 28 per cent National of ever-partnered women and girls experienced physical, sexual 10% average and/or psychological violence by a current or former intimate South partner. Sulawesi 5%

are % of women married 0% 14 before Child marriage

GOAL 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Achieving universal access to drinking water, sanitation and is higher, both in households and schools.2 hygiene is crucial to further progress in health, education and Disparities based on wealth and place of residence are poverty eradication. Close to seven in 10 people used a basic pronounced, pointing to the importance of integrating equity sanitation facility at home in 2015, while 13 per cent practised considerations into policy and practice and further expanding the open defecation. Only 46 per cent of schools have sex-separated community-based total sanitation programme. toilet facilities. The coverage of improved drinking water sources

Wealth disparities in access to water and sanitation basic with water 84% 100% Richest 9% quintile services schools 80% Poorest School environment 60% quintile Schools with basic water services (%) 84 40% National average Schools with sex-disaggregated sanitation facilities (%) 46 20% South Community 0% Sulawesi Villages and wards implementing community-based total mproved asic pen 32 drining water sanitation defecation sanitation (%)

GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Progress is ongoing in improving levels of birth registration. Wealth disparities in birth registration In 2015, 71 per cent of children under 5 years of age had a birth certificate. There remain, however, significant differences between urban and rural areas and based on households’ wealth 100% Richest quintile status, due to financial and supply-side barriers. 80% Deprivation of liberty remains a common form of punishment Poorest for juvenile offenders, in violation of the principle that this should 60% quintile be a measure of last resort. In South Sulawesi, 36 per cent of all 40% National children in detention were unsentenced, which is much higher average than the national average of 22 per cent. 20% South Little or no data is available on other child protection issues, such 0% Sulawesi as violence against children and trafficking. irth registration PROVINCIAL SCORECARD

The scorecard summarises South Sulawesi’s performance for a On the right side of the scorecard South Sulawesi’s rank for each selection of SDG indicators compared to other provinces in the indicator is shown, ranging from 1 for the highest performer to country. For each indicator, the graph shows South Sulawesi’s 34 for the lowest. Provinces are divided into four quartiles (blue average value as well as the provinces with the highest and the for the highest ranking and red/orange for the lowest ranking lowest data value. provinces).

or Highest ranking province Lowest ranking province South Sulawesi Arrows point towards direction of positive progress Ranking (out of 34 provinces)

Children below poverty line (%) SDG 1

Multidimensional child deprivation (%)

Exclusive breastfeeding (%)

SDG 2 Childhood stunting (%)

Need for family planning met (% of women)

Skilled attendant at birth (%) SDG 3 Neonatal mortality (per 1,000 live births)

Full immunisation coverage (%)

Minimum proficiency in math (%) SDG 4

Minimum proficiency in reading (%)

Child marriage (%) SDG 5

Improved drinking water (%) SDG 6

Basic sanitation (%)

SDG 16 Birth registration (%)

0 20 40 60 80 100

Colour leen Best quartile (1–8) Second quartile (9–17) Third quartile (18–25) Bottom quartile (26–34)

Notes Sources: National household surveys (SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, IDHS) and administrative data (Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health). Detailed information on data sources and indicator definitions is available online at: https://sdg4children.or.id 1 Multidimensional child poverty is defined as children who experience deprivations in at least two of the following dimensions: food and nutrition; health; education; housing; water and sanitation; and protection. 2 Indonesia does not yet have nationally representative data on water quality that can be used to calculate the SDG indicator on the use of safely managed drinking water services. Instead, a nationally-defined proxy measure is used to set a baseline for SDG 6. For more information please email jakarta@unicef.org