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LIBYA Humanitarian NEEDS Overview

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LIBYA Humanitarian NEEDS Overview 2015 LIBYA HUMANITARiaN NEEDS OVERVIEW SEPTEMbeR 2015 This document was produced by the Humanitarian Country Team for Libya in collaboration with humanitarian partners. The Humanitarian Country Team for Libya thanks all partners, notably the European Commission for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, for their support in the development of the Humanitarian Needs Overview for Libya. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Cover photo credit: Aeman BENSAOUD Cover photo: Sabri area Benghazi Second page photo credit: Adam Styp-Rekowski Second page photo: Ruins in Bab Al Aziziya in Tripoli September 2015 http://img.static.reliefweb.int/country/lby http://www.unocha.org/romena/about-us/about-ocha-regional/libya https://twitter.com/ocharomena?lang=en 3 PaRT ONE SUMMARY 4 PRIORITY HUMANITARIAN NEEDS Armed conflict and political instability has impacted over 3 million people across Libya. An estimated 2.44 million people are in need of protection and some form of humanitarian assistance. This includes internally displaced persons (IDPs), the non- displaced conflict-affected population, refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants.T he crisis is predominantly urban centered with most of the fighting taking place in major cities such as Benghazi,T ripoli, Misrata, Sirte, Sabha and Derna. Health and protection needs of the affected population stand out in terms of scope, scale and severity.T his is the result of major shortages of essential medicines and a debilitated primary healthcare system, which have led to an increase in serious illnesses and disease. The conflict has restricted access to basic services, led to forced displacement and impacted people’s safety and security. The displaced are the most vulnerable due to limited coping capacity and loss of assets, particularly displaced women, children, the elderly and those with low economic means. Refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants are also considered some of the most vulnerable, due to their exposed risk to discrimination and exploitation based on their status. The most severe needs in terms of geographic areas are those of affected people in the east and south of the country. The Libya Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) is based on a number of needs assessments conducted in 2015, including the UN inter-agency Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA), sector needs and gap analysis based on information from on- going humanitarian operations in Libya and available secondary sources. In areas where conflict and insecurity impeded access to affected people, there are some significant gaps in information in terms of the scale and scope of humanitarian needs. There are also information gaps for some of the sectors, especially where national information collection and reporting systems are weak, such as for protection. Despite these challenges, the HNO broadly summarizes the priority humanitarian needs of all those affected across Libya. Protection of civilians, including for refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants Widespread violations of international humanitarian and human rights law are being perpetrated by all parties to the conflict including incidences of gender-based violence (GBV) and violations of child rights. An estimated 2.44 million people, are in need of some form of protection from violence, rights violations, explosive remnants of war, forced recruitment and other forms of abuse. An estimated 250,000 refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants in Libya are facing significant protection concerns, with their status making them particularly vulnerable to abuse, marginalization and exploitation. This includes limited access to services, with these groups frequently denied healthcare, education and legal support. A large number of migrants are being detained in appalling conditions, often held in overcrowded cells with little or no access to aid. Given the protection environment for these groups, many have embarked on the perilous journey across the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe, with over 2,7481 people having lost their lives so far this year trying to make the crossing. Large-scale needs as a result of displacement An estimated 435,000 people have fled their homes in search of safety and security due to armed conflict and escalating violence since mid-2014. Most of the displaced are living in urban centers within host communities, with just over 100,000 living in collective centers in the open or in makeshift buildings such as schools and empty warehouses. The displaced are particularly vulnerable due to limited coping capacities and loss of assets, particularly displaced women, children, the elderly and those who are impoverished. 175,000 IDPs are food insecure. The largest number of displaced are located in Benghazi, Al Jabal Al Ghabi, Al Zawiya, Tripoli and Misrata. 1 International Organization for Migration (IOM), September 2015. Missing Migrants Project (As of 10 September 2015). Available from http://missingmigrants. iom.int/latest-global-figures 5 Access to essential goods and services, particularly healthcare The conflict has restricted access to basic goods and services, including health, food, water and sanitation and education.T he healthcare system has deteriorated to the point of collapse, leading to an increase in serious illness and disease. The already fragile health system has been coming under increasing strain, with hospitals struggling to cope with the number of patients and dwindling resources, including a shortage of staff and essential medicines and supplies. Most foreign healthcare workers have fled the country and despite the increase in needs, there has been an overall decreasing level of investment in the health sector. As a result, an estimated 1.9 million people in Libya require humanitarian aid to meet their basic healthcare needs, with particular concern in Benghazi, Tripoli, Derna, Sirte, Al Jifarah, Al Kufra,Wadi Al Hayat and Ghat. TOTAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 2.44M NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE BY SECTOR Access to Early healthcare Safe drinking Protection Education Shelter Food Recovery services and water and essential NFIs medicines People in Food-Insecure People in Need People in Need People in Need People in Need People in Need Need People of WASH of Protection of Education of Shelter and of Early Recovery of Healthcare Services Assistance Assistance NFIs Services %62 of %42 of %22 of %79 of %5 of %10 of %49 of population population population population population population population 1.9M 1.28M 0.68M 2.44M 0.15M 0.3M 1.5M Number of Conict-Aected (Non-Displaced ) People in Need of Humanitarian Assistance Tripoli 455,485 6 Al Zawiya Tunisia Al Murqub Al Jabal Al Akhdar 44,382 63,789 Nuqat Al Khams Al Marj 109,146 Al Jifarah 12,510 Benghazi Derna 572,590 60,353 64,784 Misrata Al Jabal Al Gharbi Sirte Nalut 26,954 15,040 Al Butnan 9,838 Al Wahat 23,725 81,559 29,221 Al Shati Algeria 10,392 Al Jufra Sabha 193 Wadi Al Hayat 108,042 Egypt Ghat 52,978 8,374 Al Kufra Murzuq 951 CONFLICTAFFECTED NONDIS 2,167 PLACED 1,752,473 CONFLICTAFFECTED DISPLACED 435,000 REFUGEES & ASYLUMSEEKERS 100,000 MIGRANTS 150,000 Chad 2.44 Million Niger Sudan People in Need of Asssistance 7 AFFECTED POPULATION The United Nations and humanitarian partners estimate that 3.08 million people, almost half the population, have been affected by the armed conflict in Libya.T he lives and livelihoods of millions of Libyans have been impacted across the country, in addition to those of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants. There has been widespread disruption in the provision of and access to basic goods and services, especially healthcare, food, shelter, water and sanitation and education, with 79 per cent of the total affected population facing protection threats. An estimated 435,000 people have been forcibly displaced from their homes and another 1.75 million non-displaced Libyans, most residing in urban centers, have been affected by the crisis.T here are an estimated 150,000 vulnerable migrants and approximately 100,000 vulnerable refugees and asylum-seekers in Libya. From the total number of people that have been affected by the conflict, 2.44 million are in need of humanitarian assistance and protection, 55 per cent of which are women and children. Those categorized as in need of humanitarian assistance include non-displaced affected populations, IDPs, refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants. TOTAL POPULATION OF 6.3M LIBYA TOTAL PEOPLE AFFECTED 3.08M 49% POPULATION BY THE CRISIS OF LIBYA IS AFFECTED TOTAL PEOPLE IN NEED OF 2.44M 79% AFFECTED HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE POPULATION IS IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN 1.35M 55% OF POPULATION NEED OF HUMANITARIAN IN NEED ARE WOMEN AND CHILDREN ASSISTANCE BREAKDOWN OF PEOPLE IN NEED OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE CONFLICTAFFECTED INTERNALLY DISPLACED REFUGEES AND ASYLUM MIGRANTS NON DISPLACED IN NEED PERSONS SEEKERS 1.75M 435,000 100,000 150,000 + + + 8 IMPACT OF THE CRISIS A deteriorating protection environment In July 2014, Libya witnessed the most serious outbreak of are in need of psycho-social support. armed conflict since 2011, involving rival militias and the Libyan national army, and has aggravated tribal tensions The breakdown of law and order in Libya has severely and fueled the growing influence of extremist groups.T he impacted the work of civil society. Across the country, conflict has continued to escalate, with fighting inT ripoli, human rights defenders and other members of civil society, Benghazi and elsewhere characterized by serious violations including women activists, have been subjected to killings, of human rights and international humanitarian law. A unlawful deprivation of liberty, abductions, torture and ill- lack of governance and rule of law has led to widespread treatment, physical and verbal assaults, death threats and insecurity and criminality, with an increase in the incidences other forms of intimidation.
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