CANCER CARE AND BODY PART TERMINOLOGY Eshi-uitakaniti manitush-akushuna mak eshi-takuannit uiat auen
Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation Edition
Editors / Ka aiatashtaht mashinaikannu Marguerite MacKenzie Jennifer Shea Sarah Kristian Laurel Anne Hasler
Translation / Ka ashu-uitamatsheshiht Mani Katinen Nuna Kanani Penashue-Davis
2017
Published by the Innu Language Project, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
First edition, 2017
Production of this document has been made possible through financial support from the Canadian Partnership against Cancer and Health Canada. The views expressed herein represent the views of the Cancer Care Program and do not necessarily represent the views of Health Canada or of the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer.
Information contained in this document is available for personal and public non-commercial use and may be reproduced, in part or in whole and by any means, without charge or further permission from the Cancer Care Program. We ask only that: 1. users exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the material reproduced; 2. the Cancer Care Program be identified as the source; 3. the reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made in affiliation with or with the endorsement of the Cancer Care Program.
Cover design by Behak Rueentan Photos provided by the Innu Nation Printing Services by Memorial University of Newfoundland
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Cancer care and body part terminology / editors, Marguerite MacKenzie, Jennifer Shea, Sarah Kristian, Laurel Anne Hasler ; translation, Mani Katinen Nuna, Kanani Penashue-Davis = Eshi-uitakaniti manitush-akushuna mak eshi-takuannit uiat auen / ka aiatashtaht mashinaikannu, Marguerite MacKenzie, Jennifer Shea, Sarah Kristian, Laurel Anne Hasler ; ka ashu-uitamatsheshiht, Mani Katinen Nuna, Kanani Penashue-Davis = Eshi-uitakanitshi muteu-akushuna mak eshi-takuannits uiats auen / ka aiatashtats mashinanikannu, Marguerite MacKenzie, Jennifer Shea, Sarah Kristian, Laurel Anne Hasler ; ka innushtats, Mary Jane Edmonds. -- Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation edition = Mushuau Innu First Nation (Natuashish) edition.
No collective title page; texts bound back-to-back and inverted. Text in English and two dialects of Innu-aimun. ISBN 978-0-9958536-2-1 (softcover)
1. Cancer--Patients--Care--Terminology. 2. Human anatomy--Terminology. I. MacKenzie, Marguerite, editor II. Hasler, Laurel Anne, editor III. Shea, Jennifer (Jennifer Mary), editor IV. Kristian, Sarah, editor V. Title: Eshi-uitakaniti manitush-akushuna mak eshi-takuannit uiat auen. VI. Title: Eshi-uitakanitshi muteu-akushuna mak eshi-takuannits uiats auen.
RC261.C366 2017 616.99'4 C2017-901580-X
TABLE OF CONTENTS E takuaniti tshekuana uiauitakaniti
FOREWORD / Ushkat e uauitakanit ...... iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS / E nishtuapamakaniht auenitshenat ka uauitshiaushuht ...... v
PREFACE / Uauitakanu ka tutakanit ume mashinaikan ...... vii
GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS / Manitush-akushun aimuna ...... 1
Blood and laboratory tests / Umikᵘ auen e nanatu-tshissenitakanit kie e nanatu- tshissenitakanit kutak tshekuan ...... 1 Cancer / Manitush-akushun ...... 3 Comorbidities / Etakushit auen minuat miam manitusha e mukut ...... 9 Diagnostic imaging / Akunikana ...... 11 Genetics / Auen tapishkut etakushit miam ne uikanisha ...... 13 Health care professionals / Ka uauitshiat ka akushiniti ...... 15 Lifestyle and/or risk factors / Eshpish kuashtatshenitakuak tshe itakushit ...... 17 Medication / Natukuna ...... 19 Nutrition / Eshi-minu-mitshishunanut ...... 21 Pain / E akuishit ...... 23 Patient information / Akushiunnu eshi-uauitamatut natukunisha ...... 25 Patient instructions / Tan tshe ishi-tutak ne auen ka akushit ...... 27 Surgery and common procedures / E matishuakanit mak e nanatu-tshissenitakanit ...... 29 Symptoms / Side effects / Uapatamᵘ mak matenitamᵘ auen etakushit ...... 35 Treatment / Eshi-natukuiakanit ...... 39 Vital signs / Tshekuan uapatinikuiakᵘ kie uatimakuiakᵘ eshk e inniuti auen ...... 43
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES / Nikan mak utat ka ashushtakaniti aimunissa ...... 45
TERMS FOR BODY PARTS / E ishinikatenit uiau auen ...... 49
DIAGRAMS / Akunikana ...... 73
FOREWORD Ushkat e uauitakanit
This booklet will help Innu and non-Innu communicate more freely. It is an important step for both the medical community and the Innu. Different cultures sometimes have trouble communicating with each other. A resource like this will be invaluable in this capacity.
Ume natukun-mashinaikan etutakanit tshika mishta-uitshikut innuat kie akaneshauat tshetshi etatu nishtutatuiht. Mishta ishpitenitakuan ute tshutenaniminanit kie nete etusseht natukunishat. Nanikutin anamiu auen eka nishtutuat akaneshau kie innu iat. Eukuan kuet itenitamaku tshika mishta-minuau ume natukun-mashinaikan tshetshi uauitshikuiaku.
Jack Penashue Director of Social Health Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS E nishtuapamakaniht auenitshenat ka uauitshiaushuht
In addition to the language collaborators, we also acknowledge the assistance of a number of individuals. Thank you to Dr. Joy McCarthy, Division Chief, Medical Oncology and Dr. Jonathan Greenland, Division Chief, Radiation Oncology at the Cancer Care program for ensuring diagrams were inclusive. To the countless staff of the Cancer Care Program who reviewed materials and provided feedback. A special thank you to Chris Power and Bernadine O’Leary for all your feedback. To all members of the steering committee and the three working groups for the initiative A Journey in the Big Land. To Aboriginal Patient Navigators Katie Dicker and Solomon Semigak for sharing your expertise and commitment to Aboriginal patients. Finally, heartfelt gratitude to our representatives from Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation primary and social health departments Norma Huxter, Elizabeth Michelin and Janet Gregorie Bellefleur. Your contributions, sharing of knowledge and dedication are greatly appreciated. This work is based on two previously-published documents: the Inuit Cancer Care prepared by Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada in 2013 and the Innu Medical Glossary 2014. Permission was granted by Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada to reproduce their list of Cancer Care terms with the Labrador Inuktitut translations, supplemented with additional cancer terms from the Innu Medical Glossary for Labrador. The body part diagrams from the Innu glossary were used as well, with some additional diagrams and terms added. Information on the work and people involved in these two books can be found in the books themselves. Kaggutik: Inuit Cancer Glossary published by Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada, 2013; pdf version available at: http://pauktuutit.ca/kaggutiq/. Innu Medical Glossary Marguerite MacKenzie, Robin Goodfellow-Baikie, Elizabeth Dawson and Laurel Anne Hasler (eds.) Sheshatshiu, NL: Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation, 2014; pdf version available at http://www.innu-aimun.ca/modules.php?name=specializedvocab and free apps available through iTunes and Google Play. The Innu Language Project (ILP), Department of Linguistics, Memorial University, was contracted to prepare the database and to format and print four versions (Nuntsiavut Inuktitut, Sheshatshiu Innu- aimun, Natuashish Innu-aimun, NunatuKavut) with lists of cancer terms, body part terms and body part diagrams with labels in English and each of the Aboriginal languages. The diagrams of body parts and systems were prepared by Behak Rueentan, a member of the ILP team. She created new illustrations, updated existing versions (published previously in the Innu Medical Glossary and the Innu Body Part Diagrams booklet), and added colour to select diagrams. The earlier versions were created by Behak Rueentan, Jeannie Nemagoose, and Erin Piatt, and include
v original drawings as well as reproductions from the Cree Medical Dictionary of Fort Severn with the permission of the Sioux Lookout MenoYa Win Health Centre. Production of this document has been made possible through financial support from the Canadian Partnership against Cancer and Health Canada, as well as through the partnership between the Cancer Care Program and the ILP.
vi
PREFACE Tshissenitamuniuenanu uauitakanu ka tutakanit ume mashinaikan
The Cancer Care Program of Newfoundland and Labrador, administered by Eastern Health, delivers general cancer treatment across the province as well as some specialized cancer treatments in St. John’s. For First Nations, Inuit and Métis (FNIM) residents in small or remote coastal communities in Labrador, a cancer diagnosis has obvious health implications but also social, financial and interpersonal challenges. Individuals residing in Labrador must leave their homes to seek health services in unfamiliar surroundings. For FNIM patients in Labrador, language barriers and a misunderstanding of cultural practices and beliefs can make communication difficult. When a first language is not English there can be communication breakdown between patients and health care providers. In March 2014, work began on a three-year initiative funded by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, entitled A Journey in the Big Land. This initiative is aimed at enhancing the cancer care journey for First Nations, Inuit and Métis (FNIM) patients in Labrador. As part of the proposal-planning phase of this initiative, a forum with stakeholders including Mushuau and Sheshatshiu Innu First Nations, Nunatsiavut Government, NunatuKavut Community Council, Labrador-Grenfell Health, Eastern Health, Canadian Cancer Society, Dr. H. Bliss Murphy Cancer Care Foundation, and cancer patients and caregivers from Labrador was held in Happy Valley-Goose Bay in October 2013. The purpose of the forum was to identify gaps in service and priorities for service delivery. The Forum participants clearly identified three priority areas for the three-year initiative. These priority areas include: Enhancing Transitions in Care between hospital and community settings; Enhancements to the Tele-oncology model for improved consultation between oncology specialists and Labrador-Grenfell physicians, nurses in community clinics and patients themselves; Enhancing Cultural Safety through employee training programs, information packages in the languages of Labrador FNIM groups and placement of Labrador imagery at the Dr. H Bliss Murphy Cancer Clinic. Innu and Inuit interpreters have been working at the hospitals and medical clinics in Labrador, St. Anthony and St. John’s for many decades with little support or training. This glossary, with its list 0f cancer terms with translations into Innu-aimun and of body part terms and diagrams, will serve as a much needed tool for both interpreters and health professionals in their daily work. The Innu-aimun edition of this glossary is for the use of health professionals who work with the people of Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation predominately residing in the community of Sheshatshiu. Further information about this community and health services available to residents can be found in another resource developed through this initiative Community and Clinic Profiles. Copies can be requested through the Provincial Cancer Care program.
vii
GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS Manitush-akushun aimuna
BLOOD AND LABORATORY TESTS
UMIKᵘ AUEN E NANATU-TSHISSENITAKANIT KIE E NANATU- TSHISSENITAKANIT KUTAK TSHEKUAN
Blood chemistry False negative natu-tshissenitakanu umikᵘ tshetshi pashtauenitakanu e nanatu- minuanit tshissenitakanit utakushun auen, nasht Tests to measure levels of substances in the nenu tapue akushishapan blood that can tell a doctor whether or not A test result that indicates that a person various organs are healthy and functioning does not have a certain disease when the properly during treatment. person in fact does have the disease. Blood glucose False positive kashiuasht takuannu umikut pashtauenitakanu e natu- Sugar that is transported through the tshissenitakanit utakushun kie apu bloodstream to supply energy to all the cells akushit in our bodies. The sugar is made from the food we eat. A test result that says a person has a certain disease when the person actually does not Complete blood count (CBC) have it. nanatu-tshissenitakanu kassinu umikᵘ Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) tshetshi kanuenitak nutim tshekuannu nanatu-tshissenitakanu umikᵘ tshetshi anite tshipa tshitapatakanipan takuanikue umeit A test to evaluate overall health and detect A test that looks for blood in the stool that a wide range of disorders including anemia, cannot be seen with the eyes. infection and leukemia. It measures several things in the blood including red blood cells, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) which carry oxygen. e uinakuak ka ainikaneshit ushkatat mak ka apishapekashit utatshishit A type of bacteria that causes inflammation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine.
1 2 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Liver function intestines or other parts of the digestive system. tan eshi-pimipanit ushkun How well the liver works. Transfusion, blood minakanu umikunu Occult blood ᵘ ᵘ Putting blood or blood products into the umik takuan muk apu nukuak body through a vein with an IV. Blood that is hidden or invisible to the eye. Commonly tested for in the feces. Urinalysis natu-tshissenitakanu ushishiunapui Platelet ᵘ A test of the urine to find out its contents umik tshetshi eka mushkakamut and describe what it looks and smells like. A type of blood cell that helps blood to clot. Urine culture Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test natu-tshissenitakanu shishiunapui natau-tshissenimakanu napeu umikut A test that checks if there is bacteria in the tshetshi umanitushimut unikᵘ pessish urine. ushishiunaput Urine cytology A test to measure the level of PSA in a man’s blood; this level is often high in men with natu-tshissenitakanu shishiunapui prostate cancer. A test of the cells that are shed by the lining Stool test / Stool sample of the bladder into the urine.
umei natu-tshissenitakanu A small amount of feces taken to be examined for problems with the stomach,
CANCER
MANITUSH-AKUSHUN
Adenoma Bone cancer nitautshin anite tshekuan unikut, mukᵘ umanitushimu ushkanit apu manitushut An abnormal growth, a tumour in a bone. A tumour that grows on a gland, not cancerous; gland gives off too many Brain tumour, cancerous hormones, causing illness. umanitushimu utipit Antibody An abnormal, malignant growth in the tshekuan etakuak mikut tshetshi brain. mashikak akushunnu Brain tumour, non-cancerous Something (a protein) found in blood that apu umanitushimit utipit helps the body fight disease. A growth in the brain is not abnormal or Antigen malignant. uiat takuannu tshekuannu auen Breast cancer tshetshi tutamakanit tshetshi eka manitush-akushun tshitshishit akushit An abnormal growth in the breast. Something that gets into or on a person's body and causes it to make antibodies. Cancer Benign growth manitush-akushun nitautshin tshekuan anite uiat mukᵘ apu Abnormal growths in the body. atshimakak Cancer in situ A growth (tumour) that is not cancerous or a apu kassinu ishpaniti umanitushima disease that is not dangerous and may not need to be treated. Opposite of malignant. A cancer stays in the original place where it began and does not spread to other parts of Bile duct cancer the body. umanitushimu anite uishupuiapit Cancer survivor An abnormal growth in the bile duct. eshkᵘ inniu auen at katshi mukut Bladder cancer / Bladder tumour manitusha umanitushimu anite uniapit A person who is still living after being diagnosed with cancer. An abnormal growth in the bladder.
3 4 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Cancerous growth Early detection and screening umanitushima nitautshinua uipat natu-tshissenimakanu auen eshkᵘ Abnormal cells that grow in or on the body. eka akushit Looking for cancer before a person has any Carcinogen symptoms. This can help find cancer at an e tutakut auen tshetshi mukut early stage when it may be easier to treat. manitusha Grade Anything that causes cancer. tan eshpish kushtikuak manitush- Carcinoma akushun eukuan ume tshitshue manitush- Describing a tumour based on how different akushun tekuak atamit uiat auen the cancer cells look from normal cells, how quickly the cancer cells are growing and The most common type of cancer that dividing, and how likely they are to spread. grows on the surface of organs or on the inside lining of an organ. Hodgkin's disease / Hodgkin's lymphoma Cell umanitushimu anite unikut eukuan nikan uet epishashit ka inniumakak eshi-nitautshit A cancer that begins in the white blood cells and spreads from one lymph node to The most basic, smallest unit of all living another. things. In situ cancer Cervical cancer apu kassinu ishpaniti umanitushima umanitushimu ishkueu anite ut nitautshit auass A cancer stays in the original place where it began and does not spread to other parts of An abnormal growth on a woman’s cervix. the body. Colorectal cancer Inoperable umanitushimu anite ka mitshapekak apu tshi matishakanit manitush- utatshishi kie mak umishiuakanit akushun An abnormal growth in the colon or rectum. A disease or tumour that cannot be treated with an operation. Congenital mataunakushu e inniuti auen Invasive cancer When something abnormal is present in the manitush-akushun atshipanu body at birth. A cancer that spreads beyond where it begins. Diagnosis eshinikatenit etakushit A description of the disease a person has and what is causing the disease.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 5
Leukemia Nasopharyngeal cancer manitush-akushun nitautshin anite uinit umanitushimu mishkutit A cancer of the bone marrow (the spongy, An abnormal growth in the nose. red material found inside the bones that makes the blood cells). Non-melanoma tshekuan nitautshimakan anite ushakat Liver cancer mukᵘ namaieu manitush-akushun umanitushimu ushkunit A growth on the skin is not cancerous. An abnormal growth in the liver. Oncology Localized cancer nanatu-tshissenimakanu manitush- apu ishpaniti anite kassinu manitush- akushun akushun The study of cancers, including A cancer stays in the original site or place development, diagnosis, treatment and and does not spread to other parts of the prevention. body. Oral cancer Lung cancer umanitushu utunit umanitushimu upanit An abnormal growth in the mouth. An abnormal growth in the lungs. Ovarian cancer Lymphoma umanitushimu ishkueu anite uaua umanitushimu unikut uetshipaniti A cancer that begins in the lymph nodes. An abnormal growth in a woman’s ovaries, There are several different types. the small sacs which contain her eggs. Malignant Pathology ka kushtikuat manitush-akushun mak nanatu-tshissenitakanua akushuna ka nipaiuet The study of disease, including causes, Cancerous. development and effects on the body. Melanoma Precancerous manitush-akushun anite ushakat eshkᵘ eka nitautshimakak manitush- A cancerous growth on the skin, a type of akushun skin cancer. A growth in the body which could become Metastasis cancer. ishpanu anite kueshte manitush- akushun The cancer spreads from where it begins to another part of the body.
6 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Prognosis Spinal cord tumour tan tshe ishi-uitamuakanit tshe nitautshinnu manitush-akushun anite ishpanikue ka natukuiakanit auen uaukanit The chance of recovery or of a disease An abnormal growth in the spinal cord. coming back. Stage Prostate cancer tan eshpishitinniti umanitushim auen umanitushimu napeu unikᵘ pessish kie ma tshetshi tshitutenikue ushishiunaput umanitushim An abnormal, malignant growth in a man’s The amount of cancer in the body, including prostate gland. the size of the tumour, whether there are cancer cells in the lymph nodes and whether Recurrence the disease has spread from where it started minuat akushu to other parts of the body. A disease that has come back after a period Stomach cancer of time when there were no signs or symptoms of disease. umanitushimu ushkatat An abnormal growth in the stomach. Remission minu-inniu ka akushit Teratogen A period of time when the signs and tshekuannu tshipa akushishkaku auass symptoms of a disease get better or go eshkᵘ eka inniut away. Anything that can harm a baby before it is Sarcoma born. umanitushimu anite uiashit Terminal cancer A cancer that develops in soft tissue ka nipaiuet manitush-akushun (cartilage or muscle), usually first as a A cancer that causes death. painless lump. Testicular cancer Screening and early detection umanitushumu uishinat uipat natu-tshissenitakanu manitush- akushun An abnormal growth in a man’s testicles. Looking for cancer before a person has any Throat cancer symptoms. This can help find cancer at an nitautshinnu tshekuannu ukutakanit early stage when it may be easier to treat. An abnormal growth in the throat. Skin cancer umanitushimu anite ushakat An abnormal growth on the skin.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 7
Toxin Uterine cancer matshi-natukun; matshi-natukunapui umanitushimu ishkueu anite ut A poison made by something living, such as nitautshit auass a plant, animal, fungus, bacteria, virus or An abnormal growth in a woman’s womb or other micro-organism. uterus. Tumour Vagina or vulva cancer tshekuannu ka nitautshinit uiat umanitushimu ishkueu umutat An abnormal growth that can be harmless An abnormal growth in or around a woman’s (benign) or cancerous (malignant). vagina.
Tumour marker atamit uiat ishi-uapatakanit eshi- umanitushimit auen A substance in the body that may suggest the person has a certain type of cancer.
COMORBIDITIES
ETAKUSHIT AUEN MINUAT MIAM MANITUSHA E MUKUT
Blood pressure, high Dysplasia ishkupanu umikᵘ ka apishashiti tshekuana atamit uiat The blood runs too fast. mishkutshipanu kie tshipa thsi Also called: Hypertension manitushimu aishkat Blood pressure, low Cells that are changing their size, shape and organization within tissue and are likely to nashikupanu umikᵘ become cancer cells. The blood runs too slowly, and not enough flow of blood to the body's organs can cause Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strokes, heart attacks, and kidney failure. akushun uet tshi umanitushimit auen Also called: Hypotension A virus that causes a highly infectious Bowel obstruction disease that may cause cancer. tshipapitshepanu utatshishi Esophagitis Blockage of the colon or small intestine so patshipanu ukutakan that waste cannot pass out of the body. Inflammation of the esophagus (food pipe) Cirrhosis of the liver that can make it hard to swallow. nipatau ushkun e minit Fibroid A serious disease caused by scarring of the nitautshin tshekuan anite uashka auass liver, with no cure. ka tat Depressed / Depression A benign (not dangerous) growth of fibrous ushtuenitamᵘ tissue, usually in the wall of the uterus. A feeling of sadness and hopelessness that Hepatic encephalopathy is greater than normal. apu minupanit ushkun ekue Diabetes akushimakak mitip e kashiuashiumikuet A condition that affects the brain because the liver does not work properly. A disease in which the pancreas does not make enough insulin which causes elevated Hepatitis levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. patshipanu mak akushimakan ushkun A disease which causes inflammation of the liver.
9 10 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Human papillomavirus (HPV) Jaundice tanite uetshipanit utshitshikuma mak kauishauat akushun manitush-akushun A yellowness of the skin and the white part A virus that causes warts and cancer. of the eyes from a build-up of a yellow chemical (bile) in the blood. Hypertension Mole ishkupanu umikᵘ uminim The blood runs too fast. Also called: Blood pressure, high A tan, brown or flesh-coloured growth on the skin. Hypotension Osteoporosis nashikupanu umikᵘ apu shapakanet ushkana The blood runs too slowly. Also called: Blood pressure, low When bones become weak and easy to break. Infertility Pneumonia apu tshi utauassimit ishkueu kie mak napeu ikamunua utatshikama Not being able to have children. Infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Inflammation Polyp inikaneshu nitautshin ka apishashit tshekuan The body’s response to irritation or injury, atamit (utatshishit, ut nitautshit auass, including signs of heat, redness, and pain. uniapit, ukutakanit) Inflammatory bowel disease A small growth on the lining of an organ or inikaneshu kie patshipanua utatshishia body part, such as the colon, bladder, uterus, vocal cords or nose and can interfere When the lining of the intestines becomes with a person's normal actions. inflamed, the intestinal walls become swollen and ulcers develop. Ulcer miniss ushikat kie mak atamit uiat An open sore on the skin or in a thin, moist layer of tissue in the body.
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
AKUNIKANA
Computed tomography scan (CT Positron emission tomography scan scan or CAT scan) (PET scan) e mishta-tshikanakuak akunikan atamit akunikan ka uapatiniuanut tan eshpanit uiat; pitepaniakanu akunikanit uiau atamit A scan which shows details of internal An imaging test that helps reveal how your organs that cannot be seen in conventional tissues and organs are functioning, using a X-rays. radioactive drug (tracer) to show this activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) akunakanu atamit ushkatat Ultrasound akunikan A procedure that produces a picture of internal organs on a computer using a A test which uses sound to give a picture of magnetic field. things inside the body. Mammogram X-ray netu-tshissenimakaniti ishkueu akunikan utshitshishima A picture of any inside part of the body. An X-ray of the soft tissue of the breast used to check for cancer.
11
GENETICS
AUEN TAPISHKUT ETAKUSHIT MIAM NE UIKANISHA
Familial Genetic consult or referral uikanishimaua anite utshipannu etatu uitamuakanu auen tshetshi ma tapishku akushun itakushikuenit miam ne uikanishimauat Happening in or affecting more members of A health service that provides information a family than would be expected by chance. and support to people who have, or may be at risk for, genetic disorders. During a Family history consultation, a genetics professional meets mashinataikanu eshi-itakushiht with an individual or family to discuss uikanishimauat genetic risks or to diagnose, confirm, or rule out a genetic condition. The medical history of a person’s family, including mother, father, brothers, sisters Genetic testing and grandparents. natu-tshissenimakanu auen tshetshi Gene itakushikuenit miam uikanishimauat anite uikanisha utshipanu eshinakusht Looking at someone’s DNA to see if there is a permanent change in a gene that may Something which is inherited from our mean the person has a higher risk for getting parents, such as hair colour, skin colour, a disease. height, etc. Hereditary Gene mutation anite utshipanu uikanisha natshishk atshipanu tshekuan uiat Passed or capable of being passed from A permanent change in a gene. parents to their children through information in genes.
13
HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS
KA UAUITSHIAT KA AKUSHINITI
Family physician / Family doctor Pain and symptom management unatukunishima auen uitshiku auen tshetshi eka mishta- The doctor who regularly sees a patient and akushit the family. A branch of medicine employing an interdisciplinary approach for easing the Gynecologist suffering and improving the quality of life of ishkueua ka natu-tshissenimat those living with pain. natukunish Pharmacist A doctor who specializes in women's natukuna ka nutshitat natukunish diseases that affect the breasts, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and vagina. A health professional qualified to prepare and give out medicinal drugs. Nurse, registered natukunishishkuess Social worker katshishe-utshimautusset A nurse who has graduated from a college's nursing program or from a school of nursing A professional who helps individuals, and has passed a national licensing exam. families, groups and communities to improve their individual and collective well- Oncologist being. natukunish ka natukutat manitush- akushunnu A doctor who treats cancer.
15
LIFESTYLE AND/OR RISK FACTORS
ESHPISH KUASHTATSHENITAKUAK TSHE ITAKUSHIT
Asbestos Risk factor ashiniu-patshuian eshpish kuashtatshenitakuak tshe A material commonly used for fireproofing itakushit or insulating buildings that causes cancer. The chance of getting a disease. Healthy living Second-hand smoke eshi-minu-inniunanut nenetamᵘ e pituanut Making positive choices that enhance your Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, personal physical, mental and spiritual cigar or pipe, or breathed out by a smoker. health. Smoking cessation Indoor tanning puni-pituau uashtenimakan apashtakanu tshetshi uinipikushuat ushakaia Stopping smoking. Using tanning beds or sun lamps that give Sunscreen off ultraviolet radiation (UVR) to tan the eka ka ishkuashut pishimᵘ tumitsheun skin. A cream, lotion or gel applied to the skin to Occupational exposure help protect it from the harmful rays of the utatusseunit uet tshi umanitushimit sun. Coming in contact with chemicals or other Ultraviolet radiation materials at work that can cause cancer. kushtikushiu pishimᵘ minu-tshishikat kie Physical activity ne uashtenimakanit e aiatshit auen Invisible rays of light that are part of the energy that comes from the sun or that are Any type of movement or exercise that made by sun lamps or tanning beds. makes your heart beat faster and makes you breathe harder than when you’re resting. Weight Prevention / Preventative measures e tatutipapeikaneshit tshika ui nanakatshitau eshkᵘ eka How much a person weighs. ishpanit tshekuan Actions to stop something from happening.
17
MEDICATION
NATUKUNA
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) Aspirin ushtikuan-natukun ushtikuan-natukun Non-prescription medication used to relieve Non-prescription medication used to relieve minor pain and reduce fever. minor pain and reduce fever. Also called: Aspirin Also called: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) Analgesic Birth control pill natukun minakanu tshetshi eka akushit eka utauassiminanu natukun A medicine that helps stop pain (Aspirin, A drug that women take by mouth to Tylenol, codeine, Demerol, and morphine). prevent pregnancy. Antibiotics Diuretic tshika uitshiku natukuna tshetshi uipat natukun mak kutak tshekuan ka minu-inniut shishishkatshet Medications that attack germs and fight Any drug or substance that causes the body infection. to make more urine. Anti-cancer drugs Dose manitush-akushunnu ka mukuat tan tatuau minakanit natukun peikuau natukuna ekutak Drugs used to stop cancer growth. The amount of a drug or radiation given at one time. Anti-emetic drug natukuna tshe eka ushtamatshiut Enema A drug that prevents or stops vomiting. pitapunakanu auen Putting liquid into the colon and rectum Anti-inflammatory drug through a tube into the anus. natukun tshetshi ashte-patshipanit HPV vaccine Drug used to reduce swelling and inflammation, e.g. Ibuprofen. natukun tshe eka kashtinikut akushunnu HPV A vaccine that helps prevent infection from Human papillomavirus (HPV).
19 20 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Injection Steroids tshishtaikan natukuna tshetshi uitshikut kie ma Being given a needle. kanuenitakanua shash uiat Special hormones that the body makes or Intravenous (IV) that can be given as medicine. kutamuakanu natukunnu Vaccine therapy Inside a vein. tshishtaikan ka uitshikut uiat tshetshi Narcotics minu-inniut ka shutshishimakaki natukuna A treatment that uses an antigen to trigger Drugs that make someone think or feel the immune system to make antibodies that differently from normal and that can be fight a disease. addictive, e.g. morphine, heroin or Demerol. Often used for pain management.
NUTRITION
ESHI-MINU-MITSHISHUNANUT
Dietary fibre Fluids / Hydration ka uitshikut mitshiminu tshetshi minu- nipi e minanut mishit Drinking water or other fluids, which The part of fruit, vegetables, beans and sometimes helps to reduce the grains that the body cannot break down but concentration of toxic substances in the that helps the body move and digest food. body. Dietician Nutrition ka uauitamuat auenua tshe ishi- eshi-minu-mitshishunanut mitshishuniti Eating foods that are good for the body so it A health care professional that focuses on can work normally. food and nutrition.
21
PAIN
E AKUSHIT
Abdominal pain Pain akushu ushkatat akushu Pain in the belly, in the part of the body that The physical feeling caused by disease, lies below the chest and above the pelvis. injury, or something that hurts the body. Acute pain Pain diary mishta-shassikut tshitshipaniu mashinataikanu eshakumitshishikaua Very bad pain that happens suddenly or gets utakushun mak unatukunima worse quickly. A record that people with chronic pain keep Burning pain to track when pain is greatest during the day and the amount of medicine or other miam eshkuashuti eshpish akushit treatments that make the pain go away. A kind of pain that is often related to nerves, Painless but which could have many other causes. Injuries, natural wear and tear, infections, apu akushit; apu takuannit nenu ka and autoimmune disorders could all cause akushit nerve damage and pain. No pain. Chronic pain Phantom limb pain mishta-akushu minekash akushu kie matenitamᵘ nenu ka Pain that happens slowly, lasts a long time manishakanit ushpitun kie mak ushkat or gets worse over time. Pain, numbness, tingling or itching that Cramping someone feels where a removed limb used utshipitiku to be. The sudden and painful tightening of a Rating pain muscle. Used to describe sharp pains that tan eshpish akushit: apishish kie put come and go in the stomach, leg, hand or mishta-akuiku any other body part. Describing the strength of pain based on a Neuropathic pain scale. For example, 1 to 10 where 1 means no e akushit auen katshi ushikutat pain or very little pain and 10 is the worst utsheshtiapit, uaukaniapit kie mak utipit pain. Pain from an injury to or problem with nerves, the spinal cord or the brain.
23 24 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Sharp pain Somatic pain shassikut akuiku akuiku auen ka ushikushinit ushakat kie Sudden and severe pain. mak uiashit Pain from an injury to or problem with the Sinus pain skin and deep tissues. akuiku utshanikukanit Visceral pain A headache or pain in the upper part of the face caused by infection or pressure in the akushu ukassikanit kie mak ushkatat sinuses. Pain in any organ in the chest or belly.
PATIENT INFORMATION
AKUSHIUNNU ESHI-UAUITAMATUT NATUKUNISHA
Advanced health care directive Do not resuscitate (DNR) minakanu mashinaikannu auen tshetshi mashinatautishu auen mashinaikannnu mashinatautishut tanenu uikanisha tshetshi patshitinakanit natshipaniti tshe utunikakut utei kie mak eka nenet A legal document, also called a living will, An order not to attempt cardiopulmonary personal directive, advance directive, or resuscitation (CPR) in the event a patient advance decision, in which a person says suffers cardiac or respiratory arrest. what actions should happen if they are no longer able to make decisions for Donor themselves because of illness or incapacity. auen ka minuet tshekuan anite ut uiat Advanced health care planning Someone who gives blood, cells, tissues or uauitamuakanu auen kie nenu uikanisha an organ to be used in another person. tan tshe ishi-natukuiakanit Goals of care An ongoing process in which patients, their uitamuakanu auen tshe ishi- families and health care providers reflect on natukuiakanit patient’s goals, values and beliefs, discuss how they inform current and future medical Designations are used to describe, care to accurately document future health communicate and document the general care choices. focus of care for the patient. Code status Informed consent uitamaku natukunish tan tshipa mashinatautishu auen tshetshi tutuakanu auen natshipanit utei kie tapuetak ishi-natukuiakanit mak eka nenet When a person learns the potential risks, A code is called when a patient goes into benefits and limits of a procedure, cardiac or respiratory arrest. Code status treatment, clinical trial or test before refers to the level of medical interventions a deciding to participate. patient wishes to have started if the heart or Medical history breathing stops. mashinataikanu eshi-itakushit mak eshi-natuiakanit auen A record of someone’s risk factors, symptoms and past medical events and problems.
25
PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS
TAN TSHE ISHI-TUTAK NE AUEN KA AKUSHIT
Hold still, breathe normally eka matshi, shitinu nene
It is very important not to move anu minuau tshetshi eka aiatshin
No creams or lotions eka uin apashta ka nitumititshanut
No feeling or sensation apu nishtushit
27
SURGERY AND COMMON PROCEDURES
E MATISHUAKANIT MAK E NANATU-TSHISSENITAKANIT
Ablation Arteriography tshekuan anite atamit uiat utinakanu pitutepanitakanu natukun nete mak nipatakanu mikuiapit tshetshi nanatu- Removing or destroying cells, tissues or tshissenitakanit tanite eka minupanit organs. tshekuan anite uiat Amputation A test done to see if there is a problem with the blood vessels going to a certain part of tshimishakanu tshekuannu auen anite the body. uiat Also called: Angiography An operation to remove an arm, leg, finger Biopsy or any other body part. pakueshakanu uiash apishish tshetshi Anesthesia, general natu-tshissenitakanit utakushun nipeuiakanu A test in which tissue is taken out of a living The condition of ‘being put to sleep’. body and looked at under a microscope. Anesthesia, local Bone marrow biopsy tshishtauakannu tshe eka nishtushit manishakanu uin A temporary loss of feeling by drug injection The removal of soft tissue from inside a in one part of the body, usually for a surgical bone. procedure. Bowel re-section Angiography matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish pitutepanitakanu natukun nete utatshishit mikuiapit tshetshi nanatu- An operation to remove part or all of the tshissenitakanit tanite eka minupanit large bowel. tshekuan anite uiat Breast conserving surgery A test that takes an X-ray of the blood vessels using a dye that is injected into the pakueshuakanu tshitshish body. An operation to remove a tumour and some Also called: Arteriography healthy tissue around it so that most of the breast remains.
29 30 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Breast self-examination Colposcopy uin natu-tshissenimeu utshitshishima pitutepanitakanu akunikannu ishkueu e A screening method used to detect early natu-tshissenimakanit atamit breast cancer; the woman herself looks at A test that uses a lighted magnifying tool to and feels each breast for possible lumps, examine the vulva, vagina and cervix. distortions or swelling. Cone biopsy Bronchoscopy matishakanu apishish uiash tshetshi pitutepaniakanu akunikan ukutakaniapi natu-tshissenitakanit anite atamit mak ka mitshapekak upaniapi ishkueu A test that uses a hollow tube with a light Removing a cone-shaped piece of tissue and camera to look at or treat the windpipe, from the cervix to look at the cells under a airways and lungs. microscope and check for cancer. Clinical breast exam (CBE) Cystectomy natu-tshissenimakanu ishkueu matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish utshitshishima uniapi A physical exam of the breasts and nearby An operation to remove part or all of the lymph nodes. bladder. Colectomy Cystoscopy matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish pitutepaniakanu akunikan uniapit ka mitshapekak utatshishi A test that uses a hollow tube with a light An operation to remove part or all of the and camera to look at or treat the bladder colon. and urethra. Colonoscopy Digital rectal examination (DRE) pitutepaniakanu akunikan anite ka putshikatshenakanu mitshapekak utatshishi The examination through the rectum with A test that uses a hollow tube with a light gloved finger, e.g. of the cervix during and camera to look at or treat the colon, labour, or the prostate gland in men. large bowel or anus. Endoscopy Colostomy pitutepaniakanu akunikan anite atamit umassimuteutu tshetshi mishit uiat An operation to make an opening from the Any test that uses a hollow tube with a light colon to the outside of the body through the and camera to look at or treat organs or belly to release waste. structures in the body.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 31
Excisional biopsy Invasive manishakanu kassinu manitu-akushun pitaikanu tshekuan ushikat kie mak mak apishsish uiash uashka tshetshi uiat; mishituepanu akushun natu-tshissenitakanit A test or tool that breaks the skin or enters a Removing all of the tumour or abnormal body cavity. A disease that grows into tissue, along with some normal tissue surrounding tissue. around it, to look at them under a microscope. Laparoscopy pitutepaniakanu akunikan atamit Gastrectomy ushkatat matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish A test that uses a hollow tube with a light ushkatai and camera to look at or treat organs inside An operation to remove part or all of the the belly. stomach. Laryngectomy Hepatectomy utshitun manishakanu matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish Surgical removal of the larynx or voice box. ushkun Lobectomy An operation to remove part or all of the liver. matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish unikᵘ kie mak tshekuan atamit uiat Hysterectomy An operation to remove part or all of a lobe manishakanu auass ka tat from an organ or gland. An operation to remove the uterus. Lumpectomy Ileostomy manishakanu mukᵘ anite ka pishkupanit pikushuakanu utatshishi tshetshi An operation to remove a lump or a tumour umassimuteutit tshetshi mishit without removing large amounts of An operation to make an opening from the surrounding tissue. last part of the small intestine to the outside Mammogram of the body through the belly. netu-tshissenimakaniti ishkueu Incisional biopsy utshitshishima matishakanu manitush-akushun An X-ray of the soft tissue of the breast used tshetshi natu-tshissenitakanit to check for cancer. Removing a small sample of the tumour or Mastectomy abnormal tissue to look at it under a microscope. manishuakanua utshitshishima An operation to remove a breast.
32 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Mastectomy, modified radical Pelvic examination manishuakanua utshitshishima mak natu-tshissenimakanu ishkueu anite unikua shipa eshinakushit The removal of the breast and lymph tissue. A physical exam that checks for changes in a woman’s reproductive organs, including the Nasal endoscopy uterus, cervix, ovaries and vagina. pitutepaniakanu akunikan atamit Pneumonectomy ushkutit matishuakanua kassinu kie mak A test that uses a hollow tube with a light apishish upan and camera to look at or treat the inside of the nose and the sinuses. An operation to remove part or all of a lung. Neck dissection Polypectomy matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish manishakanu ka apishashit tshekuan ka ukueiau nitautshik anite atamit An operation to remove some or all of the The removal of a polyp. lymph nodes or other tissues in the neck. Prosthesis Non-invasive ushkatikuakanu kie mak utitshikuakanu auen eka pitaikanit nanatu- An artificial device used to replace a part of tshissenimakanu ushikat kie mak uiat the body removed because of injury or A test or tool that does not break the skin or disease. enter the body cavity. A disease that is only in one place. Punch biopsy matishakanu e uauiat ushakaia kie mak Operable uiash tshika tshi manishakanu akushun Removing a round piece of skin or other A disease or tumour that can be treated with tissue using a sharp, hollow tool to look at it an operation. under a microscope. Pap test / Pap smear Reconstructive surgery natu-tshissenimakanua ishkueu anite matishukanu auen tshetshi minu-inniut shipa An operation to a part of the body to help it A test that scrapes cells from the cervix and work or look better, or to help heal a wound. looks at them under a microscope. Re-section matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish tshekuan atamit uiat An operation to remove part or all of an organ.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 33
Rhinectomy Surgery matishakanu kassinu kie mak apishish matishuakanu ushkush An operation which involves cutting An operation to remove part or all of the through the skin to take out or fix the nose. damaged part of the body. Shave biopsy Thoracotomy kashkashkaikanu ushakaia tatuassipeshuakanu Removing the outermost layer of skin to A cut to open the chest wall. look at it under a microscope. Trachelectomy Sigmoidoscopy manishakanu anite uet inniut auass kie pitutepaniakanu akunikan anite uet mak unikua pessish mishit An operation to remove the cervix and the A test that uses a hollow tube with a light pelvic lymph nodes. and camera to look at or treat the colon and rectum. Tracheostomy ukutakanit ka pakuneshuakanit Skin exam An operation to make an opening in the natu-tshissenamakanua ushakaia windpipe. A physical exam that checks for changes in or problems with the skin. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy Skin flap pitutepaniakanu akunikan atamit uiat, apishish utinakanua ushakaia tshetshi anite ut utunit nuash ushkatat mishauakanit ushkaia anite iat A test that uses a hollow tube with a light A piece of skin with its own blood supply and camera to look inside the mouth, down that is used to cover or fix an injury at a the throat and esophagus to the stomach nearby place on the body. and upper part of the small intestine. Skin graft Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series mishauakana ushkaia anite iat uiat ekue akunakanu anite ut ukutakan nuash ueshiakaniti kaiakushit ishpish ushkatat A piece of skin taken from a donor or A test that uses X-rays to make a series of another part of the body and used to replace pictures of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseased or injured tissue. tract, including the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Skin surgery manishakanu tshekuan anite ushikat An operation to remove moles, cysts, skin cancer and other skin growths.
34 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Wide local excision mishta-akuatishuakanu manitush- akushun An operation to remove a tumour along with some normal tissue around it.
SYMPTOMS / SIDE EFFECTS
UAPATAMᵘ MAK MATENITAMᵘ AUEN ETAKUSHIT
Adverse reaction Ascites akushishkaku natukunnu ka minakanit nipinu nishtumipanu anite ushkatat auen A buildup of fluid in the abdomen. An unwanted, bad or harmful response to a drug or other therapy. Asymptomatic nasht apu akushiunakushit Allergic reaction apu minushkakut natukuna kie mak Having no signs or symptoms of a disease. kutakinu tshekuannu kie mitshiminu Bacteria / Bacterial infection An unexpected or unwanted reaction to an kauinakuak tshekuan anite atamit uiat allergen; a mild reaction may include Tiny, single-celled living things (micro- sneezing, watery eyes, a stuffy nose, organisms) that can live in or on the human diarrhea, etc. body. Some bacteria can cause diseases Anaphylaxis such as pneumonia, but others can help with activities like digesting food. The plural of nasht tshitshue apu minushkakut bacterium. natukuna kie mak kutakinu tshekuannu kie mitshiminnu, tshipa tshi niapiku Bladder spasm auen utshipitiku uikun eku shishitshipanu A very bad, possibly deadly, allergic A sudden tightening of the bladder muscle reaction. that causes a need to urinate or urine to leak from the bladder. Anemia apu shutshishimakanit umikᵘ Bone marrow suppression katshi natukuiakaniti auen Not enough healthy red blood cells. Also called: Low blood umanitushima, tshipa tshi uipat akushu minuat Anxiety A serious side-effect of chemotherapy ueshami-mamitunenitamᵘ mak making the person more likely to catch an shetshishu infection. An uneasy feeling, tension, worry, distress. Constipation tshipaukatsheu Difficulty having a bowel movement.
35 36 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Coughs Fatigue / Fatigued ushtashtamᵘ aieshkushiu Expels/pushes out air from the lungs with a Feeling very tired or not having enough sudden sharp sound. energy. Dehydration Fecal occult blood apu ishpish minit nipinu; ikatshipanu umikᵘ mishkakanu umeit mukᵘ apu nipi anite unashitsh nukuak Losing too much water from the body. Blood (hidden) in the stool. Depressed / Depression Fever ushtuenitamᵘ tshishiteushikaieu A feeling of sadness and hopelessness that A higher than normal body temperature. is greater than normal. Fibroid Diarrhea nitautshin tshekuan anite uashka auass mamishiu ka tat Having loose, watery bowel movements A benign (not dangerous) growth of fibrous again and again. tissue, usually in the wall of the uterus. Dry eye syndrome Fluid retention pashtenu ussishikᵘ etatu ishkupanu nipinu anite uiat; Having fewer tears than normal. patshipanu Dry mouth A buildup of fluid in the body. mishta-pashtenu utun Hair loss Having less saliva than normal so that it is uashekanepanu hard to chew, swallow or talk. Balding or loss of hair from the scalp or Dysuria body. akushu e shishit Hematuria Having trouble or pain when urinating. umikunu shitshishtamᵘ; mikunu uatakanu ushishiunapuit Esophagitis Blood in the urine. patshipanu ukutakan Inflammation of the esophagus (food pipe) Hemoptysis that can make it hard to swallow. shishtikuatamᵘ umikunu Coughing up blood.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 37
Hoarse voice Lymphedema massikutakaneu patshipanua unikua e An abnormally deep, rough voice. tshipuapitshepaniti Swelling of an arm or leg caused by a Incontinence buildup of fluid in tissues. apu tshi nakanak auen ushishiunapui mak ua mishiti Nausea ushtamatshiu kie ui pakumu Not being able to control urination (pee) or bowel movements. Feeling sick to the stomach or wanting to vomit. Indigestion apu tshi minushtenit umitshim Neutropenia matshishuti; akuaiku umitshim apu takuak e minuat umikᵘ tshetshi nipatat akushun Feeling uncomfortable after eating a meal; may include heartburn, nausea, gas, cramps Not enough white blood cells that help the or burping. body fight bacteria, viruses and fungi. Inflammation Nosebleed inikaneshu pashkushtunu The body’s response to irritation or injury, Bleeding from the nose. including signs of heat, redness, and pain. Numbness Insomnia apu nishtushit apu tshi nipat A loss of sensation or feeling in a part of your Difficulty falling or staying asleep or not body, often with other changes, such as a getting enough good sleep. pins-and-needles feeling, burning or tingling. Jaundice kauishauat akushun Occult blood umikᵘ takuan mukᵘ apu nukuak A yellowness of the skin and the white part of the eyes from a build-up of a yellow Blood that is hidden or invisible to the eye. chemical (bile) in the blood. Commonly tested for in the feces. Loss of appetite Phlebitis apu ui mitshishut patshipanua umikuiapia Losing interest in food and not eating. Inflammation of a vein causing redness, swelling and pain. Lump ka pishkupanit An abnormal mass in the body.
38 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Radiation sickness Symptom akushishkaku auen eshkuashakunnit uapatamᵘ mak matenitamᵘ auen utakushun etakushit Symptoms caused by large doses of Something that a patient notices which radiation. means that something may be wrong. Shortness of breath Treatment-induced menopause ushtutamu katshi nanatukuiakaniti umanitushima, Difficulty breathing or being unable to take eku punipanit umikᵘ full breaths. The permanent end of menstruation that happens when the ovaries are removed or Side effect they are damaged by chemotherapy or eka minushkakut auen natukuna radiation therapy. An unwanted, bad or harmful reaction Virus caused by a medical treatment or procedure. akushun e ashu-minitunanut A very small germ that can be spread from Skin change one person to another to infect cells and iat ishpannu ushakai cause disease. An abnormal change in the skin that may be Vomit the sign of a disease such as cancer. pakumu Skin reaction Throwing up the contents of the stomach apu minushkakut ushakat through the mouth. The skin has an unexpected or unwanted Wheezes / Wheezing reaction to an allergen. kueshkushiuitakushu Swollen lymph nodes Difficulty breathing that causes a whistling patshipanua unikua sound because the airways are narrowed.
When lymph nodes become larger than normal.
TREATMENT
ESHI-NATUKUIAKANIT
Active surveillance Chemotherapy nanitam natu-tshissenitakanu auen natukun ka apashtakanit tshetshi utakushun nipatakanit manitush-akushun Using tests and exams on a regular basis to A treatment that uses drugs to kill or destroy watch for changes in a person’s health. cancer cells. Adjuvant therapy Clinical trial minuat natukuiakanu auen katshi natu-tshissenitakanu tan tshe ishi- tshishtakanit ushkat eshi-natukaikanit natukutakanit akushun A treatment plan used after the standard A research study that tests new ways to treatment to reduce the risk of cancer prevent, detect, treat or manage a disease in coming back. people. Alternative therapy Combination therapy iat ishi-natukuiakanu mitshetuait eshi-natukuiakanit auen A treatment used instead of the currently A treatment plan that uses more than one accepted and widely used treatment. type of treatment at the same time. Biological therapy Complementary and alternative eka apishtat natukunnu eshi- medicine (CAM) natukuiakanit tshetshi atshipanit ka iat natukuna eshi-natukutakanu inniumakak eshi-nitautshik akushun A treatment that uses natural or artificial A variety of treatment approaches used materials to kill, control or change the way along with or instead of currently accepted cells behave. conventional treatment. Chemoradiation therapy Conventional therapy ishkuashakanu mak natukun mamu eshi-natukuiakanit auen anutshish apashtakanu tshetshi nipatakanit The currently accepted and widely used manitush-akushun treatment for a disease. A treatment that gives chemotherapy during the same time period as radiation Cryotherapy therapy. mashkutimakanua umanitushima A procedure to freeze off cancer cells.
39 40 GLOSSARY OF CANCER TERMS
Drug therapy Palliative care natukunnu apashtakanu eshi- tshetshi minu-kanuenimakanit auen natukuiakanit eshkᵘ eka nipit A treatment that uses medical drugs to treat Looking after someone and keeping them a disease. comfortable at the end of their life. Experimental drug Photodynamic therapy natu-tshissenitakanu natukun natukun mak uashtenimakan A drug that is being tested to find out if it apatshtakanu eshi-natukuiakanit works and is safe, but that is not yet A treatment that uses drugs that react to approved for use. light to treat a disease. Follow-up Radiation treatment eshkᵘ nanitam natu-tshissenimakanu at ishkuashuakanua umanitushima katshi akushiti The use of high-energy rays or particles, Keeping track of a person’s health for a such as X-rays, to damage or destroy cancer period of time after treatment to watch for cells. problems or for signs that the disease has come back. Rehabilitation uitshiakanu auen tshetshi etatu minu- Hormonal therapy inniut eshi-natukuiakanit auen tshetshi iat Helping a person get better through ishi-nitautshinit physical therapy, massage and exercise. A treatment that adds, blocks or removes hormones in the body to treat a disease. Surgery matishuakanu Internal radiation ishkuashakanu atamit uiat uenapishish An operation which involves cutting through the skin to take out or fix the tshetshi nipaiakanit manitush-akushun damaged part of the body. A piece of radioactive material is placed inside the body for a short time in order to Targeted therapy damage or destroy cancer cells. natukun ka nipatat mukᵘ manitusha Neoadjuvant therapy Any treatment that mainly kills cancer cells with little or no effect on normal cells. nishtam eshi-natukuiakanit manitush- akushun eshkᵘ eka kutak natukun kutshipanitakanit Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumour before the main treatment. Examples include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormone therapy.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 41
Transplant Treatment minakanu kutak tshekuannu anite ut eshi-natukaiakanit uiat auennu (utei, ushkun) tshetshi An action to cure or relieve a disease or minu-inniut disorder. Moving tissue from one place in a person’s body to another. Moving tissue or an organ from a donor to another person.
VITAL SIGNS
TSHEKUAN UAPATINIKUIAKᵘ KIE UATIMAKUIAKᵘ ESHK E INNIUTI AUEN
Blood pressure Respiration e tipaikanit umikᵘ e nenet The force of blood pushing on the walls of Breathing; the act of respiring; inhalation blood vessels. and exhalation of air. Body mass index Temperature tipaikanu eshpish uinnut auen tan eshpish tshishiteushikut auen A measurement used to tell if people are The degree of internal heat of a person's underweight, overweight, obese or in the body. normal weight range for their height. Weight Pulse e tatutipapeikaneshit tan eshpish tshishpanit utei How much a person weighs. A heartbeat. A rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck.
43
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES Nikan mak utat ka ashushtakaniti aimunissa
Aden-, Adeno- Cervic-, Cervico- unikua ukueiau; e shakuapekashinit anite uet Gland inniut auass Angio- Neck (of the body or uterus) umikuiapi Col-, Colo- Blood vessel utatshishi Anti- Colon, large intestine, bowel apu tshetshi ... Coron-, Corono- Against utei Audio- Heart e petak Denti-, Dento- Hearing mipita Auto- Teeth uin, nin, tshin Derm-, Derma-, Dermo-, Dermat-, Self Dermato- ushakaia Carcin-, Carcino- Skin manitush Cancer Dys- animan; animiu Cardio- Difficulty or trouble utei Heart -ectomy manishakanu, matishakanu Cerebri-, Cerebro- Removal utip Brain -emia umikᵘ Blood
45 46 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
Gastr-, Gastro- Hypo- ushkatat nashikupanu Stomach Under, deficient, beneath Glyc-, Glyco-, Gluc-, Gluco- -itis kashiuasht e miniut kie mak uishatshishu Sugar, sweet Inflammation, infection -gram Macr-, Macro- akunikan mishau; mishishtu Record, measure Large, big Gravid-, Gravido- -meter e utauassimit ishkueu tipaikan Pregnant Measure Hemi- Micro- pushkᵘ e apishashit Half Small Hem-, Hema-, Hemo-, Hemat-, My-, Myo-, Myos-, Myoso- Hemato- uiash umikᵘ Muscle Blood Neur-, Neuro- Hepat-, Hepato-, Hepati- utsheshtiapit ushkun Nerve, nerves, or nervous system Liver -ology; -ologist Hyper- auen ka nanatu-tshissenitak ueshami-ishkupanu; ueshami- tshekuannu tshishipanu The study of something; the person who Excessive, above, beyond studies something Hypn-, Hypno- -oma nipekuakanu manitush Sleep Tumour
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 47
Orth-, Ortho- -phobia kuishkunakanu kushtamᵘ kie ma shetshishu tshetshi Straight, normal position akuikut Abnormal fear or intolerance, sensitivity Or-, Oro- utunit Photo- Mouth e uashtet; e tshikaiashtet Light -osis eshinakuak tshekuan -plasty State or condition ueueshtakanu uiu Surgical shaping or formation Oste-, Osteo- ushkanit Pneum-, Pneumo- Bone upanit; neneun Lungs or breathing -ostomy matishakanu Psych-, Psycho- Surgical opening umitunenitshikan Mind Ot-, Oto- uitukat Pulmo-, Pulmono- Ear upanit Lungs Ox-, Oxi-, Oxo- neneun Quadr-, Quadri- Oxygen neu Four Patho-, -pathy akushun -sclerosis Disease mashkupanu Hardening Ped-, Pedo- auass -scopy, -scopic Child tshitapatamᵘ; uapatamᵘ; tushkapamakanu Pharm-, Pharmi- Act of visually examining natukun Medicine, drug
48 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
Thromb-, Thrombo- Tox-, Toxi-, Toxo-, Toxico- nishtupanu matshi-natukun Clot Toxin or poison
TERMS FOR BODY PARTS E ishinikatenit uiau auen
Abdomen Adrenal glands ushkatai unikua The part of the body which lies below the The glands above each kidney that produce lungs and above the pelvis. hormones. Abdominal muscle Afterbirth uiash ushkatat auass utashpikueshimun One of three sets of muscles that cover the A round organ found in pregnant women front of the trunk of the body. which brings food and oxygen to the baby and brings the baby's waste to the mother Achilles tendon so that she can get rid of it. ututiniapi Also called: Placenta The strong string-like cord above the heel Alveoli that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. upanit nasht atamit eshpanit uneneun Tiny sacs (at the ends of the bronchioles) Adam's apple within our lungs that allow oxygen and utshitun carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream. The larynx which sticks out at the front of the throat of males. Amniotic fluid Adenoids auass unipim unikua The liquid in the sac around a fetus. The two gland-like things found at the top of Amniotic sac the throat (behind the nose area). auass umassimuteush Adipose tissue The sac that attaches to the placenta and uinu goes around the growing baby. The fatty tissue under the skin and around Ankle the organs. Also called: Fatty tissue uakun The joint between the leg and the foot, which lets us move our foot.
49 50 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Ankle bone Artery, pulmonary uakunikan ushitit upanit ka mitshapekak umikuiapi Also called: Talus The blood vessel which brings blood to the lungs. Anus mishiuakan Artery, renal utetakushit ka mitshapekak umikuiapi The last part of the digestive tract. The blood vessel which brings blood to the Aorta kidneys. ka mitshapekak miteiapi Atrium, left The body's largest blood vessel, arising from takut unashpatshiunit miteit ka the top of the heart. pitutepanit e shutshishimakak umikᵘ Appendix tshetshi minu-nenet kauishikapekasht The small upper chamber in the heart that A closed tube located near where the small receives blood full of oxygen and pumps it and large intestines join. into the ventricles. Areola Atrium, right uashka tshitshish takut uminunit miteit ka pitutepanit umikᵘ The reddish or brownish area around the nipple on the breasts. The small upper chamber in the heart that receives blood with no oxygen in it and Arm pumps it into the ventricles. ushpitun Axilla Armpit utikuai utikuai Also called: Armpit Also called: Axilla Axillary nodes Artery unikua utikut ka mitshapekak umikuiapi The lymph nodes in the armpit. The blood vessel which carries blood away Back from the heart to all the different parts of the body. ushpishkun Artery, common carotid Back of skull ka mitshapekak mikuiapi ukueiat utat ushtikuanikanit The artery in the neck. Backbone uaukan
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 51
Back, lower Blood vessels nashikᵘ ushpishkun umikuiapia Bartholin's glands Arteries, veins, arterioles, capillaries and venules which carry blood around the body. ishkueu unikua anite umutat The small glands in the lips of the vagina. Body uiau Beard, moustache, whiskers uishtuia Bone ushkan Belly button utishi; utishiapi Bone marrow uin Also called: Navel, Umbilicus The soft tissue inside the bones. Biceps muscle uiash nikan ushpitunit Bowel ka mitshapekak utatshishi The muscle in the front of the upper arm that forms a bump when the elbow bends. The part of the intestinal tract that goes from the small intestine to the anus. Bicuspid tooth Also called: Colon, Large intestine uipit upime utatimuapitanit Brain The tooth next to the canine tooth. utip Bile duct Also called: Cerebrum uishupuiapi Brain stem A small tube that carries bile from the liver utipiapi and the gallbladder to the duodenum. The bulge at the top of the spinal cord. Also, Birth canal the lowest part of the brain. utshiss Breast Also called: Vagina tshitshish Bladder, urinary Breast tissue (dense) uniapi atamit tshishishit apu shukᵘ pimiut The bag where pee is kept. Tissue in the breast that has more Blood connective tissues, glands and milk ducts than fatty tissue. umikᵘ
52 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Breastbone Capillaries ushkassikan umikuiapissa Also called: Sternum One of the tiny thin blood vessels which connect arterioles to venules. Bronchial tubes upaniapia Cardiovascular system mitei mak umikᵘ eshpanit The hollow air passageways branching from the windpipe to the lungs. The organ system that includes the heart and blood vessels. Bronchioles upaniapissa Carotid arteries umishta-mikuiapia anite ukutakanit ka The tiny branches of the bronchi that spread throughout the lungs. itapekamuniti ushtikuanit The four main arteries found in the neck Bronchus which bring blood with oxygen in it to the ka mitshapekak upaniapi head. One of the two main branches of the Carotid artery, common windpipe (trachea) that go into the lungs. Plural form: Bronchi. ka mitshapekak mikuiapi nete ukueiat The artery in the neck. Buttock / Bum mitshishkapeu Cartilage eka ka shapat Calf Flexible connective tissue found in parts of utashtan the body (e.g., nose, ear, joints) that helps Calf muscle protect bones from rubbing against each other and wearing away. utashtaneukua Cell The large muscle at the back of the lower leg which pulls up the heel. eukuan nikan uet epishashit ka inniumakak eshi-nitautshit Canine tooth The most basic, smallest unit of all living utatimuapitan; tshinashkuapitan; things. katshinashkuapitet Central nervous system One of the four sharp, pointed cone-shaped teeth that tear and shred food. utip mak uaukaniapi eshpanit Also called: Cuspid The brain and spinal cord.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 53
Cerebellum Chest anite enat utipit, takut uaukaniapit ushkassikan The part of the brain which is a clump of Also called: Thorax tissue at the top of the spinal cord. Chin Cerebral cortex ukuashkuneua uashka mitipit Circulatory system The outside layer of the biggest part of the brain. eshpanit umikᵘ anite uiat The system of organs that keeps blood Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) continuously moving around the body. utipapui Circumcision The clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. tshimishuakanua ushakaia anita Also called: Spinal fluid unishkut uitakashit Cerebrum The removal of the foreskin of the penis. uashka mitipit Clavicle Also called: Brain uapikan Cervical nodes Also called: Collar bone unikua ukueiat Clitoris The lymph nodes in the neck. ishkueu utenni mutat Cervical spine A female sexual organ that is small, sensitive, and located on the outside of the takut uaukunit body in front of the opening of the vagina. The part of the spine commonly referred to as the neck. Coccyx ushuitshekan Cervix The small triangular bone at the bottom of uet unuipanit auass the spine. The narrow, lower end of the uterus which is Also called: Tailbone at the top of the vagina; it is the neck of the Cochlea uterus. esh eshinakuak atamit mitukat Cheek The snail-shaped organ found deep inside utamakan each ear, behind and slightly below the eyeball. Cheekbone utamakanikan Also called: Zygomatic arch
54 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Collarbone Deltoid muscle uapikan uiash utitimanit Also called: Clavicle The muscle that forms the top of the shoulder. Colon ka mitshapekak utatshishi Diaphragm upashtenuia The longest part of the intestine that goes from the small intestine to the anus. The band of muscle under the lungs that Also called: Bowel, Large intestine helps with breathing. Common carotid artery Digestive system ka mitshapekak mikuiapi ukueiat ka pikupitak mitshiminu The artery in the neck. The parts of the body that help to digest food. Connective tissue utsheshta mak utsheshtiapia Disc, spinal uaukan ashpaikaniss Ligaments or tendons. The spongy, round sac found between each Cranium of the 33 vertebrae of the spine. ushtikuanikan Also called: Intervertebral disc All of the bones of the head, except the Duct jawbone. tutushinapiapi Also called: Skull A tiny tube in the body for carrying a Crown of head secretion (milk, tears, bile, saliva, semen, ushakatip Bartholin's fluid) from a gland. The top of the head. Duodenum CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) takut utatshishi utipapui The first part of the small intestine. The clear fluid surrounding the brain and Ear spinal cord. uitukai Also called: Spinal fluid Cyst Ear canal nitautshinnu nipinu atamit uiat e pakuneiakanit uitukai The tube-like hole that runs from the outer A fluid-filled sac found inside the body. part of the ear to the middle ear.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 55
Eardrum Also called: Orbit uitukai teueikaniss Eyebrow(s) A thin piece of tissue that separates the ear umamam(a) canal from the middle ear. Eyelash Elbow umishuiapunan utushkun One of the many hairs that grows on the The joint between the forearm and the edge of the skin which surrounds the upper arm. eyeball. Embryo Eyelid auass eshkᵘ eka ka nitautshit uashkaiapunan An unborn human in its first two months of growth. Face utashtamikᵘ Epiglottis The front part of the head from the forehead tshipaikan ukutakan to the chin. The flap of tissue which covers the entrance of the trachea (airway). Fallopian tube ishkueu utatshishit uetshipaniti uauma Esophagus One of the two tiny, hollow tubes that go ukutashkueiapi from each ovary to the uterus. The hollow tube that goes from the throat to the stomach. Fat uinu Ethmoid sinus The greasy, yellow material underneath the pessish ussishikut utshanikukana skin of an animal or mixed in with its flesh. Pocket of space located close to the tear ducts of the eye. Fatty tissue uinu Eustachian tube The fatty tissue under the skin and around utatshishi tashtuit uitukat mak utunit the organs. The narrow tube which connects the middle Also called: Adipose tissue ear with the throat. Femur Eye upuamikan ussishikᵘ Bone of the part of the leg above the knee. Also called: Thigh bone Eye socket ussishikuapikan The area of bone around the eye.
56 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Fetus Foot auass eshkᵘ eka inniut ushit A baby growing in the uterus is called a fetus Foot, sole of from eight weeks after the egg has been fertilized until it is born. unakashtan Bottom of foot. Fibula ka apishashinit ushkan anite ushkatit Forearm The outside, smaller bone of the lower leg. nashikᵘ ushpitunit The lower part of the arm. Fingernail ushkashi Forearm muscle uiash nashikᵘ ushpitunit Finger(s) The lower part of the arm. ninitshititshan(a) Forefinger Finger, index atuaikanashkᵘ atuaikanashkᵘ The second finger. The second finger. Also called: Index finger Also called: Forefinger Forehead Finger, middle ushkatikᵘ utetautitshan Foreskin Finger, pinky ushakaia anita unishkut uitakashit utishkuaititshiss A fold of skin which covers the head of the The last, smallest finger. penis. Also called: Baby finger, Little finger Fourth finger Finger, ring tapititshepishunititshi tapititshepishunititshi Also called: Ring finger Also called: Fourth finger Freckles First molar tooth utshiashtamikueu nishtam uikuapit Frontal sinus Flesh ushkatikut utshanikukana uiash Pocket of space located behind the brow Fontanel ridge. unatipima The soft spot on top of a baby’s head.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 57
Gallbladder Gland, thyroid uishupui unikua ukutakanit Genitals The large gland found in the middle of the neck at the front of the windpipe (trachea). mutai The private parts of a man or woman. Gluteus maximus muscle uiash umitshishkapem Gingiva The main muscle of the buttocks. uiashapit Also called: Gums Gonads napeu uishinaua kie mak ishkueu uauma Gland Testes in a man or ovaries in a woman. unikᵘ The clump of tissue which makes and gives Groin off a special fluid. utshiashkat Glands, adrenal The area of the body between the insides of the thighs and the lower abdomen. unikua The glands above each kidney that produce Gum socket hormones. uiashapit Glands, Bartholin's A hollow in the gum ridge that a tooth fits into. ishkueu unikua anite umutat Gums The small glands in the lips of the vagina. uiashapit Glands, salivary Also called: Gingiva nete uet ushikut Glands around the mouth that create saliva. Hair pishkueuna Gland, prostate napeu unikua atamit pessish Hair, pubic ushishiunaput upiuia The gland found at the bottom of the The hair growing in the groin area of a bladder in men. person. Gland, thymus Hand unikᵘ upime ushkassikan utitshi A gland, located behind the breastbone Hand, left (sternum), that produces cells for the immune system. unashpatshiun
58 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Hand, right Incisor tooth uminun tetaut uipit Head One of the front teeth. ushtikuan Index finger Head, crown of atuaikanashkᵘ ushakatip The second finger. Also called: Forefinger The top of the head. Inferior vena cava Heart nashikᵘ umikuiapi ka mitshapekak utei A large vein carrying blood from the lower The muscular organ that expands and body to the heart. contracts to move blood through the arteries and veins. Inguinal area Heel utshiashkat ututan The area of the body between the insides of the thighs and the lower abdomen. The back part of the foot. Also called: Groin Hip Inguinal nodes utukun unikua utshitshashkat The area below the waist on each side of the Glands between the insides of the thighs body around the hip joint. and the lower abdomen (groin). Hip joint Intervertebral disc utukun uaukan ashpaikaniss The place where the head of the The spongy, round cushion found between thighbone/femur attaches to the pelvis. each of the 33 bones of the spine. Also called: Spinal disc Humerus ushpitunikan Intestine, large The bone of the upper arm. ka mitshapekak utatshishi The part of the intestinal tract that goes Immune system from the small intestine to the anus. takuan tshekuan anite uiat e uitshikut Also called: Bowel, Colon tshetshi eka akushit auen Intestine, small The cells and organs that defend the body ka apishapekashit utatshishi against infection, disease and other materials that enter the body. The part of the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 59
Iris of eye Kneecap uashka kashteuapunan nete ussishikut utshitikua The coloured part of the eye that circles the Also called: Patella black part of the eye (pupil). Knuckle Iron e kutikupanit utitshi assikuman The joint of a finger. A chemical element which is important to the body because it is used to make Labia hemoglobin which brings oxygen to the utunit tissues through the blood. The inner and outer folds of the vulva, at Jaw, lower either side of the vagina. utapissikan Labial The part of the skull from which the teeth utunit grow. Also called: Mandible Of or relating to the lips. Jaw, upper Lactation takut utapissikan ka nushaniaushut ishkueu The part of the skull from which the teeth The making of milk by the breasts. grow. Large intestine Also called: Maxilla ka mitshapekat utatshishi Joint The part of the intestinal tract that goes ka-anishkuetshitiki ushkana from the small intestine to the anus. The place where two or more bones meet. Also called: Bowel, Colon Kidney Larynx utetakushu utshitun One of a pair of organs that filters waste The voice box; contains the vocal cords products, chemicals, and unneeded water which give sound to the voice. from the blood. Left atrium Knee takut unashpatshiunit miteit ka uitshikun pitutepanit e shutshishimakak umikᵘ The joint between the thigh and the lower tshetshi minu-nenet leg. The small upper chamber in the heart that receives blood full of oxygen and pumps it into the ventricles.
60 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Left hand Lobe unashpatshiun ekamut kie tatipan tekuak tshekuan miam anite upanit, utipit, utetakushit Left ventricle A clear division or extension of an organ that ᵘ ᵘ nashik unashpatshiunit eshpanit umik can be seen without a microscope, for anite miteit example in the brain, lung or kidney. One of the two lower spaces found in the heart. The left ventricle pumps blood to the Lobule (breast) body. tutushinapui uetshipanit Leg A very small division of a lobe in the breast that produces milk for breast-feeding. ushkat Lower back Lens nashikᵘ ushpishkun kauaueiat utat kashteuapunanit A part of the eye. The lens is round and Lower jaw found just behind the black part of the eye utapissikan (pupil). The part of the skull from which the teeth Ligaments grow. Also called: Mandible utsheshtiapia (aianishkuetshitina ushkanit) Lower limb The strong, string-like material that connect ushkat kie mak upuam bones to each other. Lower lip Lip, lower nashikᵘ utunit nashikᵘ utunit Lumbar spine Lip, upper nashikᵘ uaukanikana takut utunit The lowest section of the spine, with five vertebrae. Little finger utishkuaititshiss; mashten Lung(s) tshininitshititshan upan(a) The last, smallest finger. Lymph nodes Also called: Pinky finger, Baby finger unikua Liver Glands that trap germs that pass through ushkun them. A large organ that cleans the blood and produces bile.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 61
Mandible Molar tooth utapissikan uikuapit The part of the skull from which the teeth One of the flat teeth located at the back of grow. the mouth, used for grinding food. Also called: Jaw, lower Mole Marrow uminim uin A tan, brown or flesh-coloured growth on The soft material inside bones. the skin. Maxilla Mouth takut utapissikan utun The part of the skull from which the teeth Muscle grow. Also called: Jaw, upper uiash One of many tissues in the body that can Maxillary sinus tighten and relax to produce movement. nashikᵘ ussishikᵘ utshanikukana Muscle, abdominal Pocket of space located to the side of the nasal cavity, below the eye. uiash ushkatat One of three sets of muscles that cover the Meninges front of the trunk of the body. uashka ka pishkutietshinikanit mitip Muscle, biceps A thin layer of tissues that cover the brain. uiash nikan ushpitunit Metacarpals The muscle in the front of the upper arm patetat ushkana anite utitshit that forms a bump when the elbow bends. The five bones of the hand that the fingers Muscle, calf attach to. utashtaneukua Metatarsals The large muscle at the back of the lower leg patetat ushkana anite ushitit which pulls up the heel. The five bones of the foot that the toes Muscle, deltoid attach to. uiash utitimanit Middle finger The muscle that forms the top of the utetautitshan shoulder. Muscle, forearm uiash nashikᵘ ushpitunit The lower part of the arm.
62 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Muscle, gluteus maximus Nerve uiash umitshishkapem utsheshtiapi The main muscle of the buttocks. A string-like bundle of nerve fibers which carries messages to and from the brain. Muscle, pectoral uiash ushkassikanit Nerve, optic ussishikᵘ utsheshtiapi One of the four large paired muscles that cover the chest and assist with movement of The nerve that goes from the back of the eye shoulder and arm. to the part of the brain which allows us to see. Muscle, quadriceps upuameukᵘ Nipple ushtikuanitshitshish The large muscles at the front of the thigh which straighten the knee. The dark part of the skin which sticks out from the breast and through which milk is Muscle, trapezius supplied to a baby. uiash ushpishkunit Nose One of two large back muscles extending ushkush from the bottom of the skull along the spine. It helps to move the shoulder blade and to Nostril support the arm. utenikum Muscle, triceps One of the two holes in the nose. uiash utat ushpitunit Optic nerve The muscle in the back of the upper arm which helps to straighten the arm. ussishikᵘ utsheshtiapi The nerve that goes from the back of the eye Nail to the part of the brain which allows us to ushkashi see. A fingernail or toenail. Oral cavity Nasal cavity or passage uipita, mitun kie kassinu anite pitashu e pakuneiat atamit mishkutit utunit A large space above and behind the nose. The mouth, including the lips, gums and teeth, cheeks, roof of the mouth, floor of the Navel mouth and the tongue. utishi; utishiapi Orbit Also called: Belly button, Umbilicus ussishikuapikan Neck The area of bone around the eye. ukueiau Also called: Eye socket
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 63
Ostomy Pelvis pakuneshakanu ushakai utatshishit upitshikai The opening from inside the bowel to the Circle formed by the hip bones and the outside of the body through the belly. sacrum (triangular bone at the bottom of the spinal column) and all the tissues Ovary contained within. ushpaiua Peritoneum The small sac which contains a woman’s pituetshinikan eggs. The thin lining covering all of the organs in Ovum the abdomen, such as the stomach, ishkueu uau intestines, liver, etc. Egg. Phallus / Penis Palate mitakai unakashkua Pharynx The roof of the mouth. ukutakan Palm Also called: Throat unakashtanititshi Pinky finger The inside part of the hand from the wrist to utishkuaititshiss; mashten the base of the fingers. tshininitshititshan Pancreas The last, smallest finger. unikᵘ ka nakatuenitak kashiuashit Also called: Baby finger, Little finger The long, leaf-shaped gland found just Placenta below and to the back of the stomach. auass utashpikueshimun Patella A round organ found in pregnant women utshitikua which brings food and oxygen to the baby and brings the baby's waste to the mother Also called: Kneecap so that she can get rid of it. Also called: Afterbirth Pectoral muscle uiash ushkassikanit Prostate gland napeu unikua atamit pessish One of the four large paired muscles that cover the chest and assist with movement of ushishiunaput shoulder and arm. The gland found at the bottom of the bladder in men.
64 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Pubic hair reproductive organs are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina. In upiuia men, they are the testicles, prostate and The hair growing in the groin area of a penis. person. Reproductive system, female Pulmonary artery ishkueu eshinakushit atamit upanit ka mitshapekak umikuiapi The organs in the body involved in The blood vessel which brings blood to the reproducing children. In women, the lungs. reproductive organs are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina. Pupil of eye kashteuapunan Reproductive system, male napeu eshinakushit atamit The black part of the eye in the middle surrounded by a coloured circle (iris). The organs in the body involved in reproducing children. In men, they are the Quadriceps muscle testicles, prostate and penis. upuameukᵘ Retina The large muscle at the front of the thigh atamit utat missishikᵘ which straightens the knee. A part of the eye found at the back of the eye Radius ball. ka apishashkushinit ushpitunikan Rib The shorter and thicker bone in the lower ushpitshekan arm (forearm), on the same side as the thumb. Right atrium Rectum takut uminunit miteit ka pitutepanit atamit umishiuakanit umikᵘ The place where solid waste (feces) is kept The small upper chamber in the heart that until it is ready to leave the body through the receives blood with no oxygen in it and anus. pumps it into the ventricles. Renal artery Right hand utetakushit ka mitshapekak umikuiapi uminun The blood vessel which brings blood to the Right ventricle kidneys. nashikᵘ uminumit eshpanit umikᵘ anite Reproductive system upanit napeu mak ishkueu eshinakushit atamit One of the two lower spaces found in the heart. The right ventricle pumps blood to The organs in the body involved in the lungs. reproducing children. In women, the
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 65
Ring finger Semen tapititshepishunititshi napeu utatshikuma Also called: Fourth finger Whitish liquid that comes out of the tip of a man's penis and contains sperm. Root atamit uipitit, ushkashit kie mak Seminal vesicle upishkueunit utatshikuma uetshipanit The part of the tooth, nail, hair, etc. that is A tube-like gland which makes most of a under the skin. man's semen and is located behind the bladder. Sacrum Shin ushukanikan ushekatan The big triangle-shaped bone at the bottom of the spine. Front of lower leg. Saliva Shin bone ushikᵘ ushkatshikan The slippery, watery fluid produced inside The inner and larger bone of the lower leg. the mouth. Also called: Tibia Also called: Spit Shoulder Salivary glands utitiman nete uet ushikut The part of the body where the arm joins the Glands around the mouth that create saliva. body, between the neck and upper arm. Scalp Shoulder blade ushakai ushtikuan utinikana Skin covering the top of the head. Also called: Scapula Scapula Sinuses utinikana utshanikukana Also called: Shoulder blade Four pairs of air spaces in the bone around the nose area. Scrotum Also called: Sinus cavities napeu umassimuteush Sinus, ethmoid The sac of skin containing a man’s testes pessish ussishikut utshanikukana (balls). Pocket of space located close to the tear ducts of the eye.
66 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Sinus, frontal Sperm ushkatikut utshanikukana ka pakashimushit; ka pakashimushiht Pocket of space located behind the brow A cell produced by the male sexual organs ridge. and that combines with the female's egg to form an embryo. Sinus, maxillary nashikᵘ ussishikᵘ utshanikukana Sphenoid sinus takut ushkutit utshanikukana Pocket of space located to the side of the nasal cavity, below the eye. Pocket of space located on the top of the nose cavity, above the nasopharynx. Sinus, sphenoid takut ushkutit utshanikukana Sphincter umishiuakan Pocket of space located on the top of the nose cavity, above the nasopharynx. The circular band of muscles that control an opening, e.g. anal sphincter. Skeleton ushkana Spinal cord uaukaniapi All the bones of the body. The round, white cord of nerve tissue found Skin inside the hollow of spine bones (vertebrae) ushakaia and joined to the brain. The covering of the body. Spinal fluid Skull utipapui ushtikuanikan The clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. All of the bones of the head, except the Also called: Cerebrospinal fluid jawbone. Also called: Cranium Spine Skull, back of uaukan utat ushtikuanikanit Also called: Backbone Small intestine Spit ka apishapekashit utatshishi ushikᵘ The part of the intestine between the The slippery, watery fluid produced inside stomach and the large intestine. the mouth. Also called: Saliva Sole of foot unakashtan Bottom of foot.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 67
Spleen Talus upepekᵘ uakunikan ushitit A purple, fist-sized organ that lies in the Also called: Ankle bone upper left abdomen towards the back ribs and behind the stomach. Teeth uipita Sputum utatshikuma Tendon Phlegm that is spit up. utshesht (anishkuetshitinua ushkanit mak uiash) Sternum A strong cord that joins muscle to bone or ushkassikan muscle to muscle. Also called: Breastbone Testicle Stomach uishinau mushtatai One of two egg-shaped things in the sac of A sac-like organ in the body where food saggy skin under a man’s penis. begins to be digested. Also called: Testis Stomach lining Thigh mushtatai pitauietshinikan upuam The thin, moist lining of the stomach that Top part of the leg. makes juices to help with digestion and Thigh bone mucus to protect the stomach. upuamikan Superior vena cava Also called: Femur ishpimit umikuiapi ka mitshapekak A large vein carrying blood from the upper Third molar tooth body to the heart. mashten uikuapit Swollen lymph nodes Also called: Wisdom tooth patshipanua unikua Thoracic spine When lymph nodes become larger than takuaukan normal. The part of the spine in the upper back. Tailbone Thorax ushuitshekan ushkassikan Also called: Coccyx Also called: Chest
68 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Throat Tissue, fatty ukutakan uinu Also called: Pharynx The fatty tissue under the skin and around the organs. Thumb Also called: Adipose tissue utuakan Toe Thymus gland uninitshikanashtan unikᵘ upime ushkassikan Toenail A gland, located behind the breastbone ushkashia ushitit (sternum), that produces cells for the immune system. Tongue Thyroid gland utenni unikua ukutakanit Tonsils The large gland found in the middle of the unikua ukutakanit neck at the front of the windpipe (trachea). Clumps of tissue on both sides of the throat Tibia that help fight infections; part of the ushkatshikan lymphatic system. The inner and larger bone of the lower leg. Tooth (teeth) Also called: Shin bone uipit(a) Tissue, adipose Tooth, bicuspid uinu uipit upime utatimuapitanit The fatty tissue under the skin and around The tooth next to the canine tooth. the organs. Also called: Fatty tissue Tooth, canine Tissue, breast (dense) utatimuapitan; tshinashkuapitan; atamit tshishishit apu shukᵘ pimiut katshinashkuapitet One of the four sharp, pointed cone-shaped Tissue in the breast that has more teeth that tear and shred food. connective tissues, glands and milk ducts Also called: Cuspid than fatty tissue. Tissue, connective Tooth, first molar utsheshta mak utsheshtiapia nishtam uikuapit Ligaments or tendons. Tooth, incisor tetaut uipit One of the front teeth.
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 69
Tooth, molar Upper jaw uikuapit takut utapissikan One of the flat teeth located at the back of The part of the skull from which the teeth the mouth, used for grinding food. grow. Also called: Maxilla Tooth, third molar mashten uikuapit Upper lip takut utunit Also called: Wisdom tooth Trachea Ureter ukutakaniapi utatshishi shishiunapui uetshipanit anite utetakushut Also called: Windpipe One of the two tubes that carries urine (pee) Trapezius muscle from each of the kidneys to the bladder. uiash ushpishkunit Urethra One of two large back muscles extending shishiunapui uetshipanit from the bottom of the skull along the spine. It helps to move the shoulder blade and to The tube that brings urine (pee) from the support the arm. bladder to the outside. Triceps muscle Urinary bladder uiash utat ushpitunit uniapi The muscle in the back of the upper arm The bag where pee is kept. which helps to straighten the arm. Urinary tract or system Ulna shishiunapui uetshipanit ka tshinuashkuak ushpitunikan All the parts of the body involved in making The longer and thinner bone in the lower pee. arm (forearm), on the same side as the little finger. Uterus ut nitautshit auass Umbilical cord The organ in a woman’s body that holds and utishiapi nourishes the baby during pregnancy. The cord that goes from the baby to the Also called: Womb placenta. Uvula Umbilicus kananiuekutesht; kushkan utishi; utishiapi The small, soft piece of flesh that hangs Also called: Navel, Belly button down from the back part of the roof of the mouth.
70 TERMS FOR BODY PARTS
Vagina Ventricle, right utshiss nashikᵘ uminumit eshpanit umikᵘ anite An opening through which babies are born. upanit Also called: Birth canal One of the two lower spaces found in the heart. The right ventricle pumps blood to Valve the lungs. tshipaitshepanu mak ishepanu tshetshi tshiuekunit umikᵘ Vertebra uaukanikan A flap of tissue that allows blood to flow in only one direction, e.g. heart valve. One of the bones that make up the spine. Vas deferens Vertebrae ka tapitik utatshishi anite mishinat uaukanikana A tube which carries sperm from a testicle The 33 bones that make up the spine. towards the penis. Vertebra, lumbar Vein nashikᵘ uaukanikan umikuiapi One of five bones at the bottom of the spine. The blood vessel which brings blood towards the heart. Vocal folds / Vocal cords uet anite auen e aimit Vena cava, inferior Voice box; thin bands of smooth muscle on nashikᵘ umikuiapi ka mitshapekak opposite sides of the airway which extend A large vein carrying blood from the lower from the front to the back of the larynx. body to the heart. Vulva Vena cava, superior umutai ishpimit umikuiapi ka mitshapekak The parts of the female sexual organs that A large vein carrying blood from the upper are on the outside of the body. body to the heart. Windpipe Ventricle, left ukutakaniapi nashikᵘ unashpatshiunit eshpanit umikᵘ Also called: Trachea anite miteit One of the two lower spaces found in the Womb heart. The left ventricle pumps blood to the ut nitautshit auass body. Also called: Uterus
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 71
Wrist Zygomatic arch uakun utamakanikan The part of the body where the hand joins Also called: Cheekbone the lower arm.
DIAGRAMS Akunikana
Body (male) / Uiau (napeu) ...... 74 Body (female) / Uiau (ishkueu) ...... 75 Body / Uiau ...... 76 Hand and fingers / Utitshi mak ninitshititshana...... 77 Face (male) / Utashtamikᵘ (napeu) ...... 78 Face (female) / Utashtamikᵘ (ishkueu) ...... 79 Sinuses / Utshanikukana ...... 80 Brain and skull / Utip ...... 81 Eye / Ussishikᵘ ...... 82 Pharynx / Throat / Ukutakan ...... 83 Ear / Uitukai ...... 84 Oral cavity / Mouth and teeth / Uipita...... 85 Breast (front) / Tshitshish (nikan) ...... 86 Breast (side) / Tshitshish (tshitshit) ...... 87 Muscles / Uiash ...... 88 Skeleton / Ushkana ...... 89 Spine / Backbone / Uaukan ...... 90 Vertebrae / Uaukanikana ...... 91 Rib cage (front) / Ushpitshekana (nikan) ...... 92 Rib cage and arm (back) / Ushpitshekana mak ushpitun (utat) ...... 93 Pelvis and leg (front) / Upitshikai mak ushkat (nikan) ...... 94 Pelvis and leg (back) / Upitshikai mak ushkat (utat) ...... 95 Thorax / Chest / Ushkassikan ...... 96 Lungs / Upana ...... 97 Heart / Utei ...... 98 Cardiovascular system / Mitei mak umikᵘ eshpanit ...... 99 Lymphatic system / Unikua ...... 100 Digestive system / Ka pikupitak mitshiminu ...... 101 Reproductive and urinary systems (male) / Eshinakushit atamit (napeu) ...... 102 Reproductive system (female) / Eshinakushit atamit (ishkueu) ...... 103 Urinary system (female, front) / Utetakushua mak uniapi mak ushishiunapui mamu atussemakana (ishkueu, nikan) ...... 104 Urinary system (female, side) / Utetakushua mak uniapi mak ushishiunapui mamu atussemakana (ishkueu, tshitshit) ...... 105 Female genitals / Eshinakushit ishkueu nashikᵘ ...... 106 Pregnant abdomen / Ishkueu ka nushet (nusheu) ...... 107
73 74 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 75
76 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 77
78 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 79
80 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 81
82 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 83
84 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 85
86 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 87
88 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 89
90 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 91
92 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 93
94 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 95
96 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 97
98 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 99
100 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 101
102 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 103
104 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 105
106 DIAGRAMS
SHESHATSHIU DIALECT 107