Chapter VIII. Consideration of questions under the responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security uranium enrichment and other sensitive aspects of the Republic of Korea, which had already pulled out of the nuclear fuel cycle to have access to nuclear power. He Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, reiterated that the United States, the United Kingdom, had declared that it had conducted a nuclear test “the France, China, the Russian Federation and Germany United States manipulated the Security Council to could offer the Islamic Republic of Iran assistance in issue a resolution pressurizing Pyongyang, an the development of a civil nuclear power programme if indication of the disturbing moves to impose collective it complied with the requirements of the Council.102 sanctions upon it”. Nonetheless, while the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea had conducted the nuclear At the same meeting, the representative of Qatar test, he declared that his country maintained its will to commented that it was important that the denuclearize the Korean peninsula through dialogue Non-Proliferation Treaty was implemented for all and negotiations. However, if the United States States in the Middle East without selectivity or increased pressure upon the Democratic People’s discrimination. He welcomed the work plan agreement Republic of Korea, it would continue to take physical of August 2007 between the Islamic Republic of Iran countermeasures, and consider it as a declaration of and IAEA regarding the IAEA safeguards regime and war. The President also drew attention to three letters urged all parties to the debate to maintain restraint and dated 13 October 2006 from the representative of not attempt to affect the independence of IAEA.103 France,106 transmitting lists of items, materials,

equipment, goods and technology related to nuclear, C. Non-proliferation/Democratic People’s ballistic missile and other weapons of mass Republic of Korea destruction.

The President drew the attention of the Council to Initial proceedings a draft resolution;107 it was put to vote and adopted

unanimously as resolution 1718 (2006), by which the Decision of 14 October 2006 (5551st meeting): Council, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter and resolution 1718 (2006) taking measures under its Article 41:

At the 5551st meeting, on 14 October 2006,104 Demanded that the Democratic People’s Republic of statements were made by the representatives of Korea not conduct any further nuclear test or launch of a Argentina, China, France, Japan, the Russian ballistic missile; Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States Demanded that the Democratic People’s Republic of and the representatives of the Democratic People’s Korea immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea. The the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; President (Japan) drew the attention of the Council to a Decided that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea letter transmitting a statement by the spokesman of the should suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Democratic People’s programme; Republic of Korea.105 In the letter, the spokesman Decided that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea stated that the underground nuclear test conducted on should abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear 9 October 2006 was a measure to bolster programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner; theself-defence capacity of the Democratic People’s Decided also that the Democratic People’s Republic of Republic of Korea and “was entirely attributable to the Korea should abandon all other existing weapons of mass United States nuclear threat, sanctions and pressure”. destruction and ballistic missile programmes in a complete, He complained that as soon as the Democratic People’s verifiable and irreversible manner; ______Decided to impose measures relating to the export or 102 S/PV.5807, pp. 2-3. import from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea of 103 Ibid., p. 3. certain goods and materials. 104 For more information on the discussion at this meeting, see chap. XI, part I, sect. B, with regard to Article 39 of Most members of the Council welcomed the the Charter; chap. XI, part III, sect. B, with regard to resolution and stressed the need to respond firmly and Article 41; and chap. XI, part IX, sect. B, with regard to ______Article 51. 106 S/2006/814, S/2006/815 and S/2006/816. 105 S/2006/801. 107 S/2006/805.

11-38196 825

Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council, 2004-2007 swiftly to the irresponsible actions of the Democratic allies, including cooperation on ballistic missile People’s Republic of Korea. They stressed that the defence.111 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, inter alia, The representative of the United Kingdom stated needed to implement the provisions of all Council that the Council had a duty to condemn provocative resolutions, including resolution 1695 (2006), by behaviour which constituted a threat to international which the Council had demanded suspension of the peace and security.112 ballistic missile programme and verifiable dismantlement of nuclear development in the The representative of Japan stressed that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and return to combination of ballistic missile capacity and nuclear the six-party talks. Most representatives stressed that if capability of the Democratic People’s Republic of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Korea, with its proven record of reckless behaviour as implemented the relevant provisions of the resolution, a proliferator, constituted a grave threat to peace and the sanctions measures would be suspended or lifted. security. He expressed regret that the test violated the The representatives of the Russian Federation and Japan-Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Japan108 expressed regret that the Democratic People’s Pyongyang Declaration, the Joint Statement of Republic of Korea had ignored the message in the 19 September 2005 and other agreements. Mentioning statement by the President of the Security Council of that the Government of Japan had announced firm 6 October 2006.109 A number of members also measures in protest of the nuclear test including denial commented on humanitarian concerns, stating that the of permission to enter Japanese ports to all vessels of sanctions were not targeted towards the suffering the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, he urged people in the Democratic People’s Republic of other members to swiftly implement the provisions of Korea.110 the resolution.113 The representative of the United States said that The representative of China expressed firm the proclaimed test of a nuclear device by the opposition to the nuclear test and support for the firm Democratic People’s Republic of Korea posed one of and appropriate response of the Council. However, he the gravest threats to international peace and security voiced disapproval against the practice of inspecting ever confronted by the Security Council. He stressed cargo to and from the Democratic People’s Republic of that the strong and clear message sent to the Korea and, therefore, expressed reservations about the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea extended to relevant provisions of the resolution. He strongly urged “other would-be proliferators”, and expressed the members to adopt a prudent and responsible disappointment that the Government of the Democratic attitude to prevent provocative steps that might People’s Republic of Korea had broken its word again. intensify the tension. He emphasized that the Underlining that the Council needed to be prepared if Government of China remained committed to a the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea again peaceful solution to the nuclear issue in the Korean decided to ignore the resolutions, he stated that the peninsula, and expressed his belief in the six-party United States and other members could, at any point in talks as a realistic measure. He voiced firm opposition time, strengthen the measures against the Democratic to the use of force, and expressed satisfaction that the People’s Republic of Korea and return to the Council parties concerned had indicated the importance of for further action. He concluded by reassuring the diplomatic efforts.114 allies of the United States in the region that his The representative of the Russian Federation Government remained committed to their security and called for a strong but carefully vetted response to that it sought to increase defence cooperation with its ______prevent further escalation of tension. He stressed that any sanctions measures should not remain in place 108 S/PV.5557, p. 5 (Russian Federation); and p. 7 (Japan). indefinitely, and that goals such as bringing the 109 S/PRST/2006/41. See section 27 (Letter dated 4 July 2006 from the Permanent Representative of Japan to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea back to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security ______Council) of the present chapter. 111 Ibid., pp. 2-3. 110 S/PV.5551, p. 3 (United States); and p. 5 (United 112 Ibid., p. 5. Kingdom, Russian Federation). 113 Ibid., pp. 6-7. 114 Ibid., pp. 4-5.

826 11-38196

Chapter VIII. Consideration of questions under the responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Security Council Committee established pursuant to could be achieved only through political and resolution 1718 (2006) on the activities of the diplomatic means.115 Committee from 14 October 2006 to 11 January 2007. The representatives of France, the United Kingdom and The representative of the Democratic People’s the United States made statements. Republic of Korea rejected the resolution, asserting that it was “gangster-like” for the Council to adopt a The Chairman informed the Council that the coercive measure, while neglecting the nuclear threat, Committee had revised the chemical and biological moves for sanctions and pressure of the United States programmes list. He said that the Committee had against his country. He claimed that even though the received reports from 46 countries and the European Democratic People’s Republic of Korea had made Union on the steps that they had taken with a view to every effort to settle the nuclear issue through dialogue implementing effectively the provisions of paragraph 8 and negotiations, the United States Administration had of resolution 1718 (2006). He also noted that the responded to its patient and sincere effort with a policy Committee had received letters from the International of sanctions and blockade. He also stated that the Air Transport Association and the Permanent Mission denuclearization of the Korean peninsula was the of Ukraine to the United Nations, seeking guidance on ultimate goal of the Democratic People’s Republic of or providing notification of cooperation with the Korea. The representative concluded that the nuclear Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of test did not contradict the Joint Statement of Korea. He noted that the Committee had concluded that 19 September 2005, under which it had committed any definition of luxury goods would be the national itself to dismantling its nuclear weapons and to responsibility of individual Member States, and that abandoning its existing nuclear programme, because the resolution did not intend to have a negative his Government had clarified that it would not need humanitarian impact on the Democratic People’s nuclear weapons once the United States had dropped Republic of Korea.119 its hostile policy and confidence had been built The representative of the United States called for between the two countries.116 a prompt adoption of amendments to the lists of items, The representative of the Republic of Korea materials, equipment, goods and technology prohibited stated that the nuclear test was an unacceptable breach from export to or import from the Democratic People’s of the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the Republic of Korea. She added that the Committee Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the guidelines should be adopted no later than the end of Korean Peninsula signed in 1991. He concluded that January, but that their adoption was not a precondition the acts of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea for Committee or Council action.120 would never be condoned and that their impact on The representative of France asked the inter-Korean relations could be only negative.117 Committee to begin work on identifying individuals The representative of Argentina pointed out that and entities covered by the measures of freezing assets the letters dated 13 October 2006 from the and restricting travel; consider adding articles to the representative of France106 had been circulated only to lists; and specify that the resolution’s provisions did identify the items referred to in the resolution and not not ban vaccines or basic products.121 to legislate on the control of dual-use material and The representative of the United Kingdom urged technologies in areas covered by specific treaties.118 the remaining 146 Member States of the United Nations to submit reports on the steps they had taken to Deliberations of 11 January 2007 implement the terms of the resolution.122 (5618th meeting) ______At its 5618th meeting, on 11 January 2007, the 119 S/PV.5618, pp. 2-3. Council heard a briefing by the Chairman of the 120 Ibid., p. 3. ______121 Ibid., pp. 3-4. 115 Ibid., pp. 5-6. 122 Ibid., p. 4. 116 Ibid., pp. 7-8. 117 Ibid., pp. 8-9. 118 Ibid., p. 6.

11-38196 827