Us Military Intelligence Reports: Italy, 1918-1941
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Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy
Dr. Francesco Gallo OUTSTANDING FAMILIES of Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy from the XVI to the XX centuries EMIGRATION to USA and Canada from 1880 to 1930 Padua, Italy August 2014 1 Photo on front cover: Graphic drawing of Aiello of the XVII century by Pietro Angius 2014, an readaptation of Giovan Battista Pacichelli's drawing of 1693 (see page 6) Photo on page 1: Oil painting of Aiello Calabro by Rosario Bernardo (1993) Photo on back cover: George Benjamin Luks, In the Steerage, 1900 Oil on canvas 77.8 x 48.9 cm North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh. Purchased with funds from the Elizabeth Gibson Taylor and Walter Frank Taylor Fund and the North Carolina State Art Society (Robert F. Phifer Bequest), 98.12 2 With deep felt gratitude and humility I dedicate this publication to Prof. Rocco Liberti a pioneer in studying Aiello's local history and author of the books: "Ajello Calabro: note storiche " published in 1969 and "Storia dello Stato di Aiello in Calabria " published in 1978 The author is Francesco Gallo, a Medical Doctor, a Psychiatrist, a Professor at the University of Maryland (European Division) and a local history researcher. He is a member of various historical societies: Historical Association of Calabria, Academy of Cosenza and Historic Salida Inc. 3 Coat of arms of some Aiellese noble families (from the book by Cesare Orlandi (1734-1779): "Delle città d'Italia e sue isole adjacenti compendiose notizie", Printer "Augusta" in Perugia, 1770) 4 SUMMARY of the book Introduction 7 Presentation 9 Brief History of the town of Aiello Calabro -
Senza Nome-5
CENNI STORICI SUL COMANDO TRUPPE ALPINE Fondatore del Corpo degli Alpini, nel 1872, fu il Capitano Organigramma L'attuale Comando delle Truppe Alpine di Bolzano è nato, per la verità, a Bologna nel 1860 come 4° di Stato Maggiore Giuseppe Domenico Perrucchetti che, un Grande Comando. I suoi reparti combatterono prima contro gli Zuavi del Pontefice e poco dopo contro IL SANTUARIO DELLA MADONNA DEGLI ALPINI DI BOARIO TERME PRESIDENTE: Ten. Gen. Roberto SCARANARI i borbonici (1860-1861). Nel 1867 il 4° Grande Comando si trasforma in Comando Generale delle Truppe anno prima, aveva proposto ai suoi superiori la formazione DIRETTORE: Adriano SIGALA Attive della Media Italia, con sede a Pisa, e successivamente, nel 1870, in 4° Corpo dell'Esercito. di truppe speciali permanenti, da destinare alla difesa Il Santuario, dedicato alla Madonna degli Alpini, che è anche la chiesa VICE DIRETTORE: Riccardo BONU’ Dobbiamo arrivare al 1877 per trovare, a Piacenza, il Comando del IV° Corpo d'Armata. Nel 1915, quando dei valichi alpini e delle zone di frontiera. inizia la Prima Guerra Mondiale, nel IV° C.A. sono inquadrati 12 Battaglioni Bersaglieri e 14 Battaglioni parrocchiale di Boario Terme, è stato realizzato grazie alla tenacia del Furono costituite le prime 15 Compagnie Alpine, re- Alpini (Aosta, Cividale, Exilles, Intra, Ivrea, Pinerolo, Susa, Val Baltea, Val Cenischia, Val Dora, Val d'Orco, cappellano militare reduce di Russia don Guido Maurilio Turla, ma anche clutate soprattutto nelle regioni montane. Nel Distretto Comitato consultivo Val Natisone, Val Pellice e Val Toce). Nel 1919 si ricostituisce il IV° Corpo d'Armata che si era sciolto nel grazie alla generosità degli abitanti di Boario, degli Alpini d’Italia e degli 1917, prima nella sede di Genova, poi a Bologna e infine a Verona, nel 1925. -
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Thursday 5 July 2018
FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Thursday 5 July 2018 SPECIALIST AND AUCTION ENQUIRIES EUROPEAN CERAMICS Sebastian Kuhn Nette Megens Sophie von der Goltz FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Thursday 5 July 2018 at 2pm New Bond Street, London VIEWING ENQUIRIES CUSTOMER SERVICES IMPORTANT INFORMATION Saturday 30 June 11am - 5pm Nette Megens Monday to Friday 8.30am The United States Government Sunday 1 July 11am - 5pm Head of Department to 6pm has banned the import of ivory Monday 2 July 9am - 4.30pm +44 (0) 20 7468 8348 +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 into the USA. Lots containing Tuesday 3 July 9am - 4.30pm [email protected] ivory are indicated by the Wednesday 4 July 9am - 4.30pm Please see page 2 for bidder symbol Ф printed beside the Thursday 5 July by appointment Sebastian Kuhn information including after-sale lot number in this catalogue. Department Director collection and shipment SALE NUMBER +44 (0) 20 7468 8384 REGISTRATION 24937 [email protected] PHYSICAL CONDITION OF IMPORTANT NOTICE LOTS IN THIS AUCTION Please note that all customers, CATALOGUE Sophie von der Goltz Please note that any reference in irrespective of any previous Specialist £25.00 this catalogue to the physical activity with Bonhams, are +44 (0) 20 7468 8349 condition of any lot is for general required to complete the [email protected] BIDS guidance only. Intending bidders Bidder Registration Form in +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 must satisfy themselves as to the advance of the sale. The form +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax International Director condition of any lot as specified in can be found at the back of To bid via the internet please European Ceramics & Glass clause 14 of the notice to bidders every catalogue and on our visit bonhams.com John Sandon contained at the end of this website at www.bonhams.com +44 (0) 20 7468 8244 catalogue. -
Irredentismo
I percorsi dell’ Irredentismo e della Grande Guerra nella Provincia di Trieste a cura di Fabio Todero Volume pubblicato con il contributo della Provincia di Trieste nell’ambito degli interventi in ambito culturale dedicati alla “Valorizzazione complessiva del territorio e dei suoi siti di pregio” e con il patrocinio del Comune di Trieste Partner di progetto: Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche e Sociali dell’Università degli Studi di Trieste Deputazione di Storia Patria per la Venezia Giulia Istituto regionale per la cultura istriana, fiumana e dalmata Associazione culturale Zenobi, Trieste © copyright 2014 by Istituto regionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione nel Friuli Venezia Giulia Ricerche fotografiche: Michele Pupo Referenze fotografiche: Fototeca dei Civici Musei di Storia ed Arte del Comune di Trieste; Michele Pupo; Archivio E. Mastrociani, F. Todero; Archivio Divulgando Srl Progetto grafico: Divulgando Srl Istituto regionale per la storia del movimento di liberazione nel Friuli Venezia Giulia Villa Primc, Salita di Gretta 38 34136 Trieste Tel. / fax +39 040 44004 www.irsml.eu e-mail: [email protected] I percorsi dell’ Irredentismo e della Grande Guerra nella Provincia di Trieste a cura di Fabio Todero 2| Indice Introduzione I percorsi dell’Irredentismo e della Grande Guerra di Fabio Todero 1. Le Rive di Fabio Todero 2. Il Palazzo della Prefettura di Diego Caltana 3. Il Colle di San Giusto di Fabio Todero 4. Il Civico Museo del Risorgimento e il Sacrario Oberdan di Fabio Todero 5. Il Liceo-ginnasio Dante Alighieri di Fabio Todero 6. I cimiteri di S. Anna e di Servola di Fabio Todero 7. -
Sources for Genealogical Research at the Austrian War Archives in Vienna (Kriegsarchiv Wien)
SOURCES FOR GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH AT THE AUSTRIAN WAR ARCHIVES IN VIENNA (KRIEGSARCHIV WIEN) by Christoph Tepperberg Director of the Kriegsarchiv 1 Table of contents 1. The Vienna War Archives and its relevance for genealogical research 1.1. A short history of the War Archives 1.2. Conditions for doing genealogical research at the Kriegsarchiv 2. Sources for genealogical research at the Kriegsarchiv 2. 1. Documents of the military administration and commands 2. 2. Personnel records, and records pertaining to personnel 2.2.1. Sources for research on military personnel of all ranks 2.2.2. Sources for research on commissioned officers and military officials 3. Using the Archives 3.1. Regulations for using personnel records 3.2. Visiting the Archives 3.3. Written inquiries 3.4. Professional researchers 4. Relevant publications 5. Sources for genealogical research in other archives and institutions 5.1. Sources for genealogical research in other departments of the Austrian State Archives 5.2. Sources for genealogical research in other Austrian archives 5.3. Sources for genealogical research in archives outside of Austria 5.3.1. The provinces of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and its “successor states” 5.3.2. Sources for genealogical research in the “successor states” 5.4. Additional points of contact and practical hints for genealogical research 2 1. The Vienna War Archives and its relevance for genealogical research 1.1. A short history of the War Archives Today’s Austrian Republic is a small country, but from 1526 to 1918 Austria was a great power, we can say: the United States of Middle and Southeastern Europe. -
Gorizia, 1916 La Sesta Battaglia Dell’Isonzo
Gorizia, 1916 La Sesta Battaglia dell’Isonzo RULES OF PLAY v.1.3P INDEX 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 16.0 DISORGANIZATION 12 2.0 COMPONENTS 2 17.0 STEP LOSSES 12 3.0 GAME TERMS 3 18.0 TRENCHES 13 4.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY 4 19.0 ARTILLERY 13 5.0 SET UP 5 20.0 ISONZO RIVER 14 6.0 REINFORCEMENTS 5 21.0 REPLACEMENTS 14 7.0 LOGISTICS AND INITIATIVE 5 22.0 SPECIAL RULES 15 8.0 COMMAND 5 23.0 TWO HEX DEPLOYMENT 15 9.0 WEATHER CONDITIONS 6 24.0 FOG OF WAR 15 10.0 SUPPLY 6 25.0 VICTORY CONDITIONS 15 11.0 MOVEMENT 7 26.0 SCENARIOS OF “GORIZIA 1916” 16 11.1 TACTICAL MOVEMENT 7 SCENARIO 1: ISONZO BRIDGEHEAD 16 11.2 NON ACTIVATED UNIT MOVEMENT 7 SCENARIO 2: CARSO – KARST 17 11.3 FORCE MARCH 8 SCENARIO 3: THE CAMPAIGN GAME 19 12.0 STACKING 8 27.0 OPTIONAL RULES 21 13.0 COMBAT 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 21 13.1 ASSAULT DECLARATION 8 HISTORICAL NOTES 21 13.2 OFFENSIVE BOMBARDMENT 9 DESIGN NOTES 22 13.3 DEFENSIVE FIRE 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 23 13.4 ASSAULT STEP 10 CREDITS 23 13.5 COUNTER-ASSAULT STEP 11 DEDICATION 23 14.0 ACTIVATION COMPLETED 12 EVENTS TABLE 24 15.0 REACTION BY THE NON ACT. PLAYER 12 Europa Simulazioni © 2016 2 Gorizia, 1916 1.0 INTRODUCTION Combat Unit: Gorizia, 1916 is an operational level game simulating the Brigade name/color 1916 Summer offensive of the Italian forces against the Morale Value Austro-Hungarian bridgehead on the Isonzo River, the Division id Battalion/Regiment id city of Gorizia (Görz), just across the river, and the Carso Combat Factor Plateau, between Gorizia and the seashore. -
Bombing of Gernika
BIBLIOTECA DE The Bombing CULTURA VASCA of Gernika The episode of Guernica, with all that it The Bombing ... represents both in the military and the G) :c moral order, seems destined to pass 0 of Gernika into History as a symbol. A symbol of >< many things, but chiefly of that Xabier lruio capacity for falsehood possessed by the new Machiavellism which threatens destruction to all the ethical hypotheses of civilization. A clear example of the ..e use which can be made of untruth to ·-...c: degrade the minds of those whom one G) wishes to convince. c., '+- 0 (Foreign Wings over the Basque Country, 1937) C> C: ISBN 978-0-9967810-7-7 :c 90000 E 0 co G) .c 9 780996 781077 t- EDITORIALVASCA EKIN ARGITALETXEA Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Ekin Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Xabier Irujo The Bombing of Gernika Ekin Buenos Aires 2021 Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Editorial Vasca Ekin Argitaletxea Lizarrenea C./ México 1880 Buenos Aires, CP. 1200 Argentina Web: http://editorialvascaekin- ekinargitaletxea.blogspot.com Copyright © 2021 Ekin All rights reserved First edition. First print Printed in America Cover design © 2021 JSM ISBN first edition: 978-0-9967810-7-7 Table of Contents Bombardment. Description and types 9 Prehistory of terror bombing 13 Coup d'etat: Mussolini, Hitler, and Franco 17 Non-Intervention Committee 21 The Basque Country in 1936 27 The Basque front in the spring of 1937 31 Everyday routine: “Clear day means bombs” 33 Slow advance toward Bilbao 37 “Target Gernika” 41 Seven main reasons for choosing Gernika as a target 47 The alarm systems and the antiaircraft shelters 51 Typology and number of airplanes and bombs 55 Strategy of the attack 59 Excerpts from personal testimonies 71 Material destruction and death toll 85 The news 101 The lie 125 Denial and reductionism 131 Reconstruction 133 Bibliography 137 I can’t -it is impossible for me to give any picture of that indescribable tragedy. -
Comparative Political Reactions in Spain from the 1930S to the Present
Comparative Political Reactions in Spain from the 1930s to the Present Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in Spanish in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Benjamin Chiappone The Ohio State University April 2020 Project Advisor: Professor Eugenia Romero, Department of Spanish and Portuguese Co-Advisor: Professor Ignasi Gozalo-Salellas, Department of Spanish and Portuguese Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………3 1. The Franco Regime • Francoism & Fascist European Counterparts…………………………………………6 • Franco & the Coup d’état……………………………………………………10 • Memory of the Dictatorship…………………………………………………...12 2. Left-Wing Reactions • CNT & Anarchist Traditions…………………………………………14 • ETA’s Terrorism………………………………………………………………21 • The Catatonia Crisis…………………………………………………………31 • Catalonia & Protest Through the 1992 Olympic Games…………………..35 3. VOX: a Right-Wing Reaction • VOX’s Success & Politics……………………………..…………………...41 Conclusion……………………………………………………..……………..50 2 Introduction George Santayana, a 20th century philosopher once said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” In Spain’s Pacto de Olvido, the goal was just that, to forget. The pact was initially a political decision, but was given legal legitimacy in the Ley De Amnistía. The decree prevented any accountability for the people who were killed, tortured, and exiled during the civil war. It pardoned those (even far-right military commanders) who were involved in the regime, allowed those who were exiled to return to Spain, and has prevented the nation from investigating human rights violations under the dictatorship. Further, the pact prevented any observation of the war or any commission to look into who bore responsibility for the war (Encarnación). Regardless, memory is crucial in order to understand the past of a nation and its trajectory moving forward. -
From the Adriatic to the Black Sea: the Italian Economic and Military Expansion Endeavour in the Balkan-Danube Area
Studies in Political and Historical Geography Vol. 8 (2019): 117–137 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2300-0562.08.07 Corrado Montagnoli From the Adriatic to the Black Sea: The Italian economic and military expansion endeavour in the Balkan-Danube area Abstract: During the years that followed the end of the Great War, the Adriatic area found itself in a period of deep economic crisis due to the emptiness caused by the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The ancient Habsburg harbours, which had recently turned Italian, had lost their natural positions of Mitteleuropean economic outlets toward the Mediterranean due to the new political order of Central-Eastern Europe. Rome, then, attempted a series of economic manoeuvres aimed at improving Italian trade in the Julian harbours, first of all the port of Trieste, and at encouraging Italian entrepreneurial penetration in the Balkans. Resolved in a failure, the desire for commercial boost toward the oriental Adriatic shore coincided with the Dalmatian Irredentism and became a topic for claiming the 1941 military intervention across the Balkan peninsula. Italian geopoliticians, who had just developed the geopolitical discipline in Italy, made the Adriatic-Balkan area one of their most discussed topics. The fascist geopolitical project aimed at creating an economic aisle between the Adriatic and the Black Sea, in order to bypass the Turkish straits and become completion and outlet toward the Mediterranean of the Nazi Baltic-Mitteleuropean space in the north. Rome attempted the agreement with the other Danubian States, which subscribed the Tripartite Pact, in order to create a kind of economic cooperation area under the Italian lead. -
I Within the Party
J'he fuse .\ Rule oi Sinsle P:rrtr- St:rtcs King-retained his o The statuto remained ltaly's constihrtion and the ' Mussolini was p"riti,ons as Head of stat'e and Commander-in-Chief. hesignated Head of Government and Duce of the Fascist Party. were still dominated o The civil service, including the prefects, and police " Bocchini, a tt;";eer-offici-aLs, rather tXan by Fascists; for ixample, Arturo l|rr nbn-Fascist, was Chief of Police (1926-40). (from 783,000 in 1923 to o The PNF',s membership expanded massively GT-I I,85i.,000 by 1934) and'mosl of those joining were careerists ancl public of officials. Consequently, the PNF became increasingly an organisation bureaucrats and'proie-ssionals,rather than militant activists. ;! over the Mussolini now created a personal dictatorship, extending his control Party bY: Fascist EI:I o Appointing Roberto Farinacci,one of the Ras,in 1925 as PNF SecretarY with instructions to impose greater discipline on the unrulY elements .I within the PartY. lEI o sacking Farinacci as PNF Secretary(April 1926) when Farinacci proved :I too independent-minded. t:qll:: o Appointing the compliant-Augusto Turati as PNF Secretary!o Farinacci.furati then set about, over the next three years,purging 60,000 :I FI members of the PNF. Most of those expelled were radicals or militant Mussolini loyalist, Achille squad members. During th9 l!3^0s unolh"r Starace,occupied the post of PNF Secretary' ;! were to be appointed o- A Party statuteof 7926laiddown that all.party posts from u'bo,u"(PNF headquartersin Rome),rather than electedfrom below or appointed by local Fascistbosses. -
0. Prime Pagine.Indd
VENETICA Rivista degli Istituti per la storia della Resistenza di Belluno, Treviso, Venezia, Verona e Vicenza 23/2011, a. XXV VENETICA rivista degli Istituti per la storia della Resistenza di Belluno, Treviso, Venezia, Verona e Vicenza Direttore Mario Isnenghi Direttore responsabile Ferruccio Vendramini Segreteria di redazione Alfiero Boschiero, Renato Camurri, Alessandro Casellato (coord.), Eva Cecchinato, Daniele Ceschin, Maria Cristina Cristante, Marco Fincardi, Giovanni Favero Consulenti scientifici Ilvo Diamanti, Emilio Franzina, Silvio Lanaro, Luisa Mangoni, Rolf Petri, Gianni Riccamboni, Giorgio Roverato, Livio Vanzetto Registrazione n. 814 Tribunale di Padova del 16 marzo 1984 In copertina: Omaggio ai caduti della Grande Guerra nel dodicesimo anniversario della Marcia su Roma (Biblioteca comunale di Treviso). © Copyright 2011 Cierre edizioni Progetto grafico: fuoriMargine, Verona Stampa: Cierre Grafica Abbonamenti L’abbonamento per i due numeri annuali della rivista è di euro 28,00. L’importo va versato sul ccp. n. 11080371 intestato a Cierre edizioni, via Ciro Ferrari 5, Caselle di Sommacampagna (VR) con causale: Abbonamento “Venetica”. Questo numero è stato realizzato grazie al contributo delle Camere del Lavoro territoriali del Veneto, della CGIL e dello SPI regionali fascismi locali a cura di Renato Camurri Rettifica Nel saggio di Anna Clelia Guidotto 1971: ceramisti di Nove in lotta, apparso sul numero di «Venetica» Rivoluzioni di paese. Gli anni settanta in piccola scala (n. 1/2010, a cura di A. Boschiero, G. Favero e G. Zazzara), a pagina 132 è riportata l’opinione personale di un testimone degli eventi circa le ragioni politiche che avrebbero causato le dimissioni del- l’allora sindaco di Nove, Vito Dalla Gassa.