Il Fascismo Da Movimento a Regime
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Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy
Dr. Francesco Gallo OUTSTANDING FAMILIES of Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy from the XVI to the XX centuries EMIGRATION to USA and Canada from 1880 to 1930 Padua, Italy August 2014 1 Photo on front cover: Graphic drawing of Aiello of the XVII century by Pietro Angius 2014, an readaptation of Giovan Battista Pacichelli's drawing of 1693 (see page 6) Photo on page 1: Oil painting of Aiello Calabro by Rosario Bernardo (1993) Photo on back cover: George Benjamin Luks, In the Steerage, 1900 Oil on canvas 77.8 x 48.9 cm North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh. Purchased with funds from the Elizabeth Gibson Taylor and Walter Frank Taylor Fund and the North Carolina State Art Society (Robert F. Phifer Bequest), 98.12 2 With deep felt gratitude and humility I dedicate this publication to Prof. Rocco Liberti a pioneer in studying Aiello's local history and author of the books: "Ajello Calabro: note storiche " published in 1969 and "Storia dello Stato di Aiello in Calabria " published in 1978 The author is Francesco Gallo, a Medical Doctor, a Psychiatrist, a Professor at the University of Maryland (European Division) and a local history researcher. He is a member of various historical societies: Historical Association of Calabria, Academy of Cosenza and Historic Salida Inc. 3 Coat of arms of some Aiellese noble families (from the book by Cesare Orlandi (1734-1779): "Delle città d'Italia e sue isole adjacenti compendiose notizie", Printer "Augusta" in Perugia, 1770) 4 SUMMARY of the book Introduction 7 Presentation 9 Brief History of the town of Aiello Calabro -
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Thursday 5 July 2018
FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Thursday 5 July 2018 SPECIALIST AND AUCTION ENQUIRIES EUROPEAN CERAMICS Sebastian Kuhn Nette Megens Sophie von der Goltz FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Thursday 5 July 2018 at 2pm New Bond Street, London VIEWING ENQUIRIES CUSTOMER SERVICES IMPORTANT INFORMATION Saturday 30 June 11am - 5pm Nette Megens Monday to Friday 8.30am The United States Government Sunday 1 July 11am - 5pm Head of Department to 6pm has banned the import of ivory Monday 2 July 9am - 4.30pm +44 (0) 20 7468 8348 +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 into the USA. Lots containing Tuesday 3 July 9am - 4.30pm [email protected] ivory are indicated by the Wednesday 4 July 9am - 4.30pm Please see page 2 for bidder symbol Ф printed beside the Thursday 5 July by appointment Sebastian Kuhn information including after-sale lot number in this catalogue. Department Director collection and shipment SALE NUMBER +44 (0) 20 7468 8384 REGISTRATION 24937 [email protected] PHYSICAL CONDITION OF IMPORTANT NOTICE LOTS IN THIS AUCTION Please note that all customers, CATALOGUE Sophie von der Goltz Please note that any reference in irrespective of any previous Specialist £25.00 this catalogue to the physical activity with Bonhams, are +44 (0) 20 7468 8349 condition of any lot is for general required to complete the [email protected] BIDS guidance only. Intending bidders Bidder Registration Form in +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 must satisfy themselves as to the advance of the sale. The form +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax International Director condition of any lot as specified in can be found at the back of To bid via the internet please European Ceramics & Glass clause 14 of the notice to bidders every catalogue and on our visit bonhams.com John Sandon contained at the end of this website at www.bonhams.com +44 (0) 20 7468 8244 catalogue. -
Sicily and the Surrender of Italy
United States Army in World War II Mediterranean Theater of Operations Sicily and the Surrender of Italy by Albert N. Garland and Howard McGaw Smyth Assisted by Martin Blumenson CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D.C., 1993 Chapter XIV The Climax Sardinia Versus the Mainland The successful invasion of Sicily clarified strategic problems and enabled the Allies to turn from debate to decision. The Combined Chiefs of Staff at the TRIDENT Conference in May had directed General Eisenhower to knock Italy out of the war and contain the maximum number of German forces, but they had not told him how. Preparing to launch operations beyond the Sicilian Campaign, AFHQ had developed several outline plans: BUTTRESS, invasion of the Italian toe by the British 10 Corps; GOBLET, a thrust at the ball of the Italian foot by the British 5 Corps; BRIMSTONE, invasion of Sardinia; and FIREBRAND, invasion of Corsica. But a firm decision on the specific course of action to be taken was still lacking.1 The four plans, Eisenhower had explained to Churchill during the Algiers meetings in June, pointed to two broad alternative courses. If the Axis resisted vigorously in Sicily, thereby forecasting high Italian morale and a bitter and protracted struggle for the Allies, then BRIMSTONE and FIREBRAND, insular operations, were preferable. Otherwise, operations on the Italian mainland were more promising. Despite Churchill's articulate enthusiasm for the latter course, Eisenhower had made no commitment. He awaited the factual evidence to be furnished in Sicily. Meanwhile, the Americans and British continued to argue over strategy. -
Foreign News: Where Is Signor X?
Da “Time”, 24 maggio 1943 Foreign News: Where is Signor X? Almost 21 years of Fascism has taught Benito Mussolini to be shrewd as well as ruthless. Last week he toughened the will of his people to fight, by appeals to their patriotism, and by propaganda which made the most of their fierce resentment of British and U.S. bombings. He also sought to reduce the small number pf Italians who might try to cut his throat by independent deals with the Allies. The military conquest of Italy may be no easy task. After the Duce finished his week's activities, political warfare against Italy looked just as difficult, and it was hard to find an alternative to Mussolini for peace or postwar negotiations. No Dorlans. The Duce began by ticking off King Vittorio Emanuele, presumably as insurance against the unlikely prospect that the sour-faced little monarch decides either to abdicate or convert his House of Savoy into a bargain basement for peace terms. Mussolini pointedly recalled a decree of May 10, 1936, which elevated him to rank jointly with the King as "first marshal of Italy." Thus the King (constitutionally Commander in Chief of all armed forces) can legally make overtures to the Allies only with the consent and participation of the Duce. Italy has six other marshals. Mussolini last week recalled five of them to active service.* Most of these men had been disgraced previously to cover up Italian defeats. Some of them have the backing of financial and industrial groups which might desert Mussolini if they could make a better deal. -
La Voce. Etica E Politica Per Una Nuova Italia
TEMES La Voce. Etica e politica per una nuova Italia Simona Urso UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA a Voce rappresenta una delle riviste più feconde della stagione culturale e politica che in Italia viene definita come età giolittiana, L il periodo cioè che, a grandi linee occupa il primo quindicennio del ventesimo secolo; questa stagione della storia d’Italia è densa di produzione, in termini di progetti editoriali e di riviste culturali, ed è animata da un dibattito fondamentale per «leggere» la cultura italiana degli anni successivi. Per comprendere la ragione di tale effervescenza culturale è opportuno rammentare che l’Italia, alla svolta del secolo (La Voce nacque nel 1908), stava vivendo una profonda crisi culturale dovuta alla messa in discussione della corrente positivista, allora prevalente. Ma il paese usciva anche da una fase politica devastante, caratterizzata da una svolta autoritaria e dal fallimento italiano nell’impresa coloniale. Tale fallimento rendeva necessario, per molti giovani intellettuali che avrebbero dato vita alle riviste, un gesto di coraggio verso la svolta imperialista. E la situazione politica che si andò figurando, nei primi anni del ‘900, ne frustrò decisamente le aspettative. Dall’inizio del nuovo secolo, infatti, in particolare dal 1903 al 1914 (con occasionali dimissioni e rientri) fu al potere Giovanni Giolitti: la sua longevità politica, e le contraddizioni di quel periodo ci spingono a parlare di età giolittiana. Sono gli anni in cui nel paese, abbandonate le pretese 74 Simona Urso autoritarie di fine secolo, si affermò una linea di governo tendenzialmente progressista, caratterizzata da una nuova modalità di rapporti con le associazioni dei lavoratori e con il partito socialista, che pur non facendo mai parte del governo, spesso lo appoggiò. -
Il Fascismo E Le Biblioteche Scolastiche a Treviso (1922-1943)
Corso di Laurea Magistrale In Storia e gestione del patrimonio archivistico e bibliografico Tesi di Laurea Il fascismo e le biblioteche scolastiche a Treviso (1922-1943) Relatore Prof.ssa Dorit Raines Laureando Nello Schiavinato Matricola 827568 Anno Accademico 2017 / 2018 Indice Introduzione 3 I. Le biblioteche nazionali scolastiche. (Legge Casati 1859) Biblioteche scolastiche, popolari, rurali e circolanti 8 Scopo e obiettivi della biblioteca scolastica 11 Iniziative private biblioteche scolastiche 11 Considerazioni di Guido Biagi 16 Iniziative dello Stato 17 II. Le riforme per la Scuola (1923-1943) Gentile prima dell’incarico 18 La riforma Gentile: 1923 26 La rettifica della riforma da Fedele a Bottai 43 Giuseppe Bottai: la carta della scuola 56 III. (ENBPS) Ente nazionale per le biblioteche popolari e scolastiche Primo periodo fascista: dal 1922 al 1926 65 Secondo periodo fascista: dal 1927 al 1935 67 Terzo periodo fascista: dal 1936 al 1943 72 IV. Sguardo d’insieme delle biblioteche scolastiche di Treviso L’impatto del fascismo nelle biblioteche scolastiche 77 1. Biblioteca Liceo Ginnasio “Antonio Canova” 80 Armadio storico annuari scolastici (1923-1937) 83 Registro d’ingresso (1928-1957) 137 Influenze e condizionamenti del regime nella biblioteca scolastica 142 Tabelle riassuntive e diagrammi delle influenze e condizionamenti 152 2. Istituto Riccati: Annuari scolastici 154 1 3. Istituto Magistrale: Annuari scolastici 175 4. Istituto Besta: Annuari scolastici mancanti 189 Tabella confronto fra i tre Istituti degli annuari scolastici dei prestiti e degli acquisti durante il periodo fascista 190 V. Fondi fascisti degli Istituti esistenti (verificato nel 2017) Fondo speciale ventennio fascista Ist. Riccati 194 Fondo periodo monarchico fascista Ist. -
2 Foibe La Guerra Civile
Il dramma delle FOIBE e dell’esodo , a Trieste, Fiume, Istria, Dalmazia 1943-1945…e oltre I veri Protagonisti di questo lavoro giacciono dimenticati da decenni Il materiale iconografico è stato raccolto in loro memoria da Edoardo Bernkopf, figlio di profughi fiumani. 2) La Guerra Civile 9 Luglio 43: sbarco alleato in Sicilia Lo sbarco alleato in Sicilia che, secondo la propaganda, sarebbe stato fermato “sul bagnasciuga”, superata la resistenza della nostra Divisione Livorno e della tedesca “Herman Goering” , ha pieno successo. Per l’Italia la guerra è irrimediabilmente persa. 24-25 Luglio 43- Nella notte riunione del Gran consiglio del fascismo che approva un ordine del giorno proposto da Dino Grandi e da altri dodici gerarchi, nel quale si chiede al re di esercitare pienamente le sue prerogative costituzionali di guida delle forze armate esonerando, di fatto, Mussolini. Politico italiano,nato a Mordano nel 1895, fù tra i fondatori del fascismo e militante nelle azioni squadristiche compiute in Emilia contro uomini e sedi del movimento socialista. Fu sottosegretario agli Interni e agli Esteri (1924-1929), quindi ministro degli Esteri (1929-1932), ambasciatore a Londra fino al 1939 e infine ministro della Giustizia. Esponente moderato del regime, nel 1943 orchestrò la caduta di Mussolini, la cui posizione era indebolita dagli insuccessi militari dell'esercito italiano. Fu Grandi a presentare al Gran Consiglio del fascismo (nella seduta tra il 24 e il 25 luglio) l'ordine del giorno che invitava il re a riprendere pienamente le sue funzioni di capo dell'esercito, di fatto sfiduciando Mussolini: il documento, approvato a maggioranza, offrì a Vittorio Emanuele III l'appoggio politico per far dimettere e arrestare Mussolini. -
Segretari E Leader Del Socialismo Italiano
* SEGRETARI E LEADER DEL SOCIALISMO ITALIANO INTRODUZIONE Il socialismo è istinto, che diviene coscienza e si tramuta in volontà. Claudio Treves Mi sono chiesto più volte perché, qualche anno fa, decisi di intraprendere questo lavoro; la risposta che mi sono dato è stata sempre la stessa: <<Per soddisfare una mia curiosità>>; ed ora posso aggiungere, dal momento che ho deciso di pubblicarne i risultati, <<e quella di qualche altro>>. Questa curiosità era principalmente diretta a conoscere i nomi e alcune informazioni sui segretari nazionali, o meglio su coloro in genere che, nel corso di un secolo, avevano diretto e rappresentato al massimo livello il partito socialista italiano, in cui avevo militato dal 1957 al suo scioglimento nel 1994. Nel corso del lavoro sono “incappato” in alcuni fatti poco noti o dimenticati ed ho deciso di inserirli nel testo, così come ho deciso di estendere la ricerca ai partiti e movimenti socialisti derivati dal ramo principale, intendendo per ramo principale il PSI e per socialisti quei raggruppamenti che si sono proclamati tali, prescindendo dal fatto se l’aggettivo sia stato da loro appropriatamente utilizzato o inopinatamente usurpato. Mi preme anzitutto precisare che inizialmente il ruolo di un segretario di partito era appunto quello di fare il… segretario; egli aveva cioè il compito, di natura prevalentemente burocratica, di mantenere i contatti con e fra gli associati. Come appunto avveniva nella Prima Internazionale, dove c’era un segretario per l’Italia, un altro per la Germania, e così via. A livello internazionale il “salto di qualità” si ebbe nell’Unione sovietica nel 1922, quando nel Partito bolscevico (comunista), il cui leader indiscusso era Lenin, allora capo del governo (più precisamente: Presidente del Consiglio dei Commissari del Popolo), senza darvi troppa importanza, fu eletto segretario Giuseppe Stalin. -
War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2011 Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945 Lynda Lamarre Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lamarre, Lynda, "Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 596. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/596 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HEROES OR TERRORISTS? WAR, RESISTANCE, AND MEMORIALIZATION IN TUSCANY, 1943-1945 by LYNDA LAMARRE (Under the Direction of Charles S. Thomas) ABSTRACT This thesis will delve into the unfolding of the Italian Resistance, from an underground association to a militant organization, which aided and facilitated the Allied advance to northern Italy. Particular emphasis will be placed on the actions and consequences of the Resistance in rural Tuscany and their affect on the local population. It will examine the changing views of Italian society, from the immediate post-war era and the decades that followed, with a brief examination of the cinematographic influences on the social views. It will include the debate over who deserves a commemorative monument and the divided and changed memory regarding the Resistance. Finally, the author will examine the current debate over the most appropriate way to memorialize the complicated and tumultuous struggle to free Italy over sixty years ago. -
DISTANT LOYALTIES: WORLD WAR I and the ITALIAN SOUTH ATLANTIC by John Starosta Galante BS in Economics, Tufts University, 2000 M
DISTANT LOYALTIES: WORLD WAR I AND THE ITALIAN SOUTH ATLANTIC by John Starosta Galante BS in Economics, Tufts University, 2000 MA in International Affairs, Columbia University, 2008 MA in History, University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Submitted to the Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in History University of Pittsburgh 2016 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by John Starosta Galante It was defended on June 3, 2016 and approved by Diego Holstein, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of History Lina Insana, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of French and Italian Lara Putnam, PhD, Professor, Department of History Dissertation Director: George Reid Andrews, Distinguished Professor, Department of History ii Copyright © John Starosta Galante 2016 iii DISTANT LOYALTIES: WORLD WAR I AND THE ITALIAN SOUTH ATLANTIC John Starosta Galante, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2016 This dissertation focuses on the impacts of World War I on Italian immigrant communities in the metropolitan areas of Buenos Aires, Montevideo and São Paulo. It uses the period of the war, and the diverse responses to the conflict by immigrants and their institutions of civil society, to highlight patterns of social cohesion and division within Italian overseas communities. It centers its analysis on a pro-war immigrant mobilization influenced by Italian nationalism and an anti-war movement shaped by working-class ideologies that emphasized Internationalism. It therefore considers the tangible connections and sentimental relationships that existed between Italian immigrants in South America and political and intellectual leaders in Italy, a nation-state that existed only from the mid- nineteenth century. -
Gabriele D'annunzio's Coup in Rijeka
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Ś rodkowo-Wschodniej ■ LII-SI(2) Konrad Sebastian Morawski Oleszyce–Rzeszów Gabriele D’Annunzio’s Coup in Rijeka (1919–1920) in the Context of Italian-Yugoslavian Relations Zarys treści: Artykuł zawiera omówienie przewrotu dokonanego przez Gabriele D’Annunzia w Rijece i sprawowaniu przez niego władzy w tym mieście w latach 1919–1920. Słynny wło ski poeta i uczestnik Wielkiej Wojny po dokonanym przewrocie próbował przyłączyć zajęte miasto do Włoch, choć jego działania nie były uzgodnione z rządem. Te wydarzenia przyczyniły się do kryzysu w stosunkach pomiędzy Włochami a Jugosławią, zaś kwestia sta- tusu Rijeki w powojennym układzie geopolitycznym stała się także przedmiotem intensyw- nych rozmów przedstawicieli mocarstw biorących udział w konferencji pokojowej w Paryżu, tj. Francji, USA oraz Wielkiej Brytanii. Przebieg sporu włosko-jugosłowiańskiego o Rijekę z uwagą śledzili również wysłannicy europejskiego środowiska prasowego. W rezultacie prze- wrót dokonany przez D’Annunzia odbił się szerokim echem w całej Europie, zaś status pro- blemowego miasta został podniesiony do rangi ważnego problemu w kontekście stosunków włosko-jugosłowiańskich. Outline of content: Th e article presents an overview of the coup d’état carried out by Gabriele D’Annunzio in Rijeka, and his rule in that city in 1919–1920. Following the coup, the famous Italian poet and hero of the Great War tried to annex the city into Italy, although his actions were not agreed with the country’s government. Th ese events contributed to a crisis in relations between Italy and Yugoslavia, while the issue of Rijeka’s status in the post-war geopolitical sys- tem became also the subject of intense talks between representatives of the major powers taking part in the Paris peace conference, i.e.