FINE EUROPEAN CERAMICS Thursday 5 July 2018
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The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften Des Historischen Kollegs
The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching Kolloquien 91 The Purpose of the First World War War Aims and Military Strategies Herausgegeben von Holger Afflerbach An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Schriften des Historischen Kollegs herausgegeben von Andreas Wirsching in Verbindung mit Georg Brun, Peter Funke, Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, Martin Jehne, Susanne Lepsius, Helmut Neuhaus, Frank Rexroth, Martin Schulze Wessel, Willibald Steinmetz und Gerrit Walther Das Historische Kolleg fördert im Bereich der historisch orientierten Wissenschaften Gelehrte, die sich durch herausragende Leistungen in Forschung und Lehre ausgewiesen haben. Es vergibt zu diesem Zweck jährlich bis zu drei Forschungsstipendien und zwei Förderstipendien sowie alle drei Jahre den „Preis des Historischen Kollegs“. Die Forschungsstipendien, deren Verleihung zugleich eine Auszeichnung für die bisherigen Leis- tungen darstellt, sollen den berufenen Wissenschaftlern während eines Kollegjahres die Möglich- keit bieten, frei von anderen Verpflichtungen eine größere Arbeit abzuschließen. Professor Dr. Hol- ger Afflerbach (Leeds/UK) war – zusammen mit Professor Dr. Paul Nolte (Berlin), Dr. Martina Steber (London/UK) und Juniorprofessor Simon Wendt (Frankfurt am Main) – Stipendiat des Historischen Kollegs im Kollegjahr 2012/2013. Den Obliegenheiten der Stipendiaten gemäß hat Holger Afflerbach aus seinem Arbeitsbereich ein Kolloquium zum Thema „Der Sinn des Krieges. Politische Ziele und militärische Instrumente der kriegführenden Parteien von 1914–1918“ vom 21. -
Il Fascismo Da Movimento a Regime
1919 1926 IL FASCISMO DA MOVIMENTO A REGIME Edizioni Fondazione Anna Kuliscioff Collana “La memoria degli uomini” Con il contributo di 1919 1926 IL FASCISMO DA MOVIMENTO A REGIME Pubblicazione a cura di Edizioni Fondazione Anna Kuliscioff via Vallazze, 34 20131 Milano www.fondazioneannakuliscioff.it [email protected] Progetto grafico e impaginazione Antonio Garonzi [email protected] Stampa T&D Service srl Corso Roma, 116 20811 Cesano Maderno (MB) [email protected] DIFFUSIONE GRATUITA ISBN 9788894332094 Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Nessuna parte di questa pubblicazione può essere utilizzata, riprodotta o diffusa con un mezzo qualsiasi senza autorizzazione della casa editrice 1919 1926 IL FASCISMO DA MOVIMENTO A REGIME INTRODUZIONE on la pubblicazione di questa “cronologia ragionata” di un periodo cruciale della storia italiana, che accompagna la Mostra: “1919 - 1926. Il fascismo da movimento a regime”, la Fondazione Anna Kuliscioff intende offrire a chiunque ne sia interessato, in particolare ai giovani, una selezione Ctemporale degli eventi più significativi che accompagnarono il nascere e l’affermarsi del fascismo con il commento di protagonisti di quel tempo e con l’opinione di alcuni dei più importanti storici. Ci è sembrato utile presentare i materiali documentari che illustrano come il fascismo, da composito movimento rivoluzionario come appare evidente dal programma del marzo del 1919 di piazza San Sepolcro a Milano nel 1919, si trasformi definitivamente al congresso dell’Augusteo a Roma nel novembre 1922, in cui viene costituito il Partito Nazionale Fascista, in una forza conservatrice, non solo antisocialista ma anche antiproletaria. L’appoggio degli agrari e di una parte degli industriali, ma soprattutto il consenso di vasti settori dei ceti medi costituì la base sociale del fascismo su cui esercitò una notevole attrazione l’ideologia stessa dello stato totalitario che il fascismo andava costruendo. -
Foreign News: Where Is Signor X?
Da “Time”, 24 maggio 1943 Foreign News: Where is Signor X? Almost 21 years of Fascism has taught Benito Mussolini to be shrewd as well as ruthless. Last week he toughened the will of his people to fight, by appeals to their patriotism, and by propaganda which made the most of their fierce resentment of British and U.S. bombings. He also sought to reduce the small number pf Italians who might try to cut his throat by independent deals with the Allies. The military conquest of Italy may be no easy task. After the Duce finished his week's activities, political warfare against Italy looked just as difficult, and it was hard to find an alternative to Mussolini for peace or postwar negotiations. No Dorlans. The Duce began by ticking off King Vittorio Emanuele, presumably as insurance against the unlikely prospect that the sour-faced little monarch decides either to abdicate or convert his House of Savoy into a bargain basement for peace terms. Mussolini pointedly recalled a decree of May 10, 1936, which elevated him to rank jointly with the King as "first marshal of Italy." Thus the King (constitutionally Commander in Chief of all armed forces) can legally make overtures to the Allies only with the consent and participation of the Duce. Italy has six other marshals. Mussolini last week recalled five of them to active service.* Most of these men had been disgraced previously to cover up Italian defeats. Some of them have the backing of financial and industrial groups which might desert Mussolini if they could make a better deal. -
Christiansted National Historic Site AND/OR HISTORIC: Wharf Area, Christiansted
3- Form 10-306 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Oct. 1972) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES St. Croix INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) COMMON: Christiansted National Historic Site AND/OR HISTORIC: Wharf Area, Christiansted STREET AND NUMBER: Christiansted National Historic Site CITY OR TOWN: ___Christiansted. St. Croix STATE: CODE Virgin Islands 078 CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS ACCESSIBLE (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC District Q Building (31 Public Public Acquisition: Occupied Yes: Sit* Q Structure Q Private Q In Process f~1 Unoccupied O Restricted 0 Object Cl Both ( I Being Considered (~1 Preservation work 2] Unrestricted In progress QNo PRESENT USE (Check One or Man a* Appropriate; O Agricultural Government I I Transportation Q Comments [ | Commercial Industrial [~1 Private Residence Q Other (Spicily) C] Educational ilitary [~) Religious |~1 Entertainment X I Museum I I Scientific National Park Service REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (II applicable) STRBET AND NUMBER: Southeast Region 1895 Phoenix Boulevard CITY ON TOWN: STATE: COD* M Atlanta Georgia 30349 13 COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Registry of Deeds, Government House STREET AND NUMBER! King Street CITY OR TOWN: Christiansted, St. Croix Virgin Islands 078 TITLE OF SURVEY:: Fort Christiansvaern, Scale House, Steeple Building, Old Customs House, Histnrir American *--- - -- - *» DATE OF SURVEY, 1957-1Q61 QJ Federal County O Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: -
Irish Planters, Atlantic Merchants: the Development of St
Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Irish planters, Atlantic merchants: the development of St. Croix, Danish West Indies, 1750-1766 Author(s) Power, Orla Publication Date 2011-05 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6011 Downloaded 2021-09-25T07:41:34Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Irish planters, Atlantic merchants: The development of St. Croix, Danish West Indies, 1750 to 1766 Orla Power A Thesis Submitted for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Professor Nicholas Canny Department of History and The Moore Institute National University of Ireland, Galway May 2011 Contents Dedication iii Acknowledgements iv Abbreviations vi Translations vii Figures viii Introduction 1 1 The eighteenth century Irish West Indian community at Montserrat, British Leeward Islands 33 2 Irish plantations and the development of St. Croix. 56 3 Nicholas Tuite and the Atlantic sugar trade, 1756 to 1763 86 4 The Irish West Indian sugar trade, 1756 to 1763 109 5 The success of Nicholas Tuite’s Catholic haven 159 Conclusion 192 Bibliography 201 ii Dedicated to my mother Catriona L. Little, M.D. (1950-2010) iii Acknowledgements This thesis could not have been possible without the assistance, guidance and support of many individuals. Professor Canny’s undergraduate classes whetted my appetite for this research and I am privileged to have had the benefit of his insightful supervision and sound guidance. I would also like to acknowledge the support I received from the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, which funded my research under the auspices of the project, ‘Colonisation and Globalisation, 1500 to 1800’. -
War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945
Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of Spring 2011 Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945 Lynda Lamarre Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lamarre, Lynda, "Heroes or Terrorists? War, Resistance, and Memorialization in Tuscany, 1943-1945" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 596. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/596 This thesis (open access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies, Jack N. Averitt College of at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HEROES OR TERRORISTS? WAR, RESISTANCE, AND MEMORIALIZATION IN TUSCANY, 1943-1945 by LYNDA LAMARRE (Under the Direction of Charles S. Thomas) ABSTRACT This thesis will delve into the unfolding of the Italian Resistance, from an underground association to a militant organization, which aided and facilitated the Allied advance to northern Italy. Particular emphasis will be placed on the actions and consequences of the Resistance in rural Tuscany and their affect on the local population. It will examine the changing views of Italian society, from the immediate post-war era and the decades that followed, with a brief examination of the cinematographic influences on the social views. It will include the debate over who deserves a commemorative monument and the divided and changed memory regarding the Resistance. Finally, the author will examine the current debate over the most appropriate way to memorialize the complicated and tumultuous struggle to free Italy over sixty years ago. -
Disregarding Norms: Emperor Charles VI and His Intimate Relationships
2019 VI Disregarding Norms: Emperor Charles VI and His Intimate Relationships Charlotte Backerra Article: Disregarding Norms: Emperor Charles VI and His Intimate Relationships Disregarding Norms: Emperor Charles VI and His Intimate Relationships Charlotte Backerra UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN Abstract: Emperor Charles VI (1685-1740) followed his parents in the Habsburg, devout Catholic principles of the pietas austriaca. This meant that, as emperor, Charles saw himself as guardian of the Church of Rome, a role that he emphasized in imperial and dynastic politics, architecture, and his private diaries. These diaries show the importance he placed on religion through daily religious services. But Charles VI also wrote about court life, dynastic politics, his family, and, most importantly, his intimate partners. According to his diaries, he had sexual relationships with both women and men, but only two relationships of an emotionally intimate nature: the first with his closest friend and confidant, Michael Johann Count Althann (1679- 1722), the second with his wife Empress Elisabeth Christine (1691-1750). The male-male relationships, including with a hunter’s boy, have not seemed compatible with his Catholic beliefs to researchers since the nineteenth century. Based on the theory of “norm competition” for early modern times, this article contextualizes the religious beliefs of Charles VI and his sexual and intimate relationships and takes the concept further to show that, in regards to intimate or emotional relationships, religious, legal, or gender norms could, at least by a monarch, be disregarded even in the early modern period. Keywords: Emperor Charles VI; pietas austriaca; intimate relationships; norm competition; disregarding norms mperor Charles VI (1685-1740) and his wife Elisabeth Christine (1691-1750) were a traditional dynastic couple.1 Charles (VI) was the son of Emperor Leopold I and the younger brother of Emperor Joseph I. -
Representations of English History in Icelandic Kings‟ Saga: Haraldssaga Hardrada and Knytlinga Saga
REPRESENTATIONS OF ENGLISH HISTORY IN ICELANDIC KINGS‟ SAGA: HARALDSSAGA HARDRADA AND KNYTLINGA SAGA A Master‟s Thesis By DENĠZ CEM GÜLEN Department of History Ġhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara August 2015 REPRESENTATIONS OF ENGLISH HISTORY IN ICELANDIC KINGS‟ SAGA: HARALDSSAGA HARDRADA AND KNYTLINGA SAGA Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of Ġhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by DENĠZ CEM GÜLEN In Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ĠHSAN DOĞRAMACI BILKENT UNIVERSTY ANKARA August 2015 Abstract REPRESENTATIONS OF ENGLISH HISTORY IN ICELANDIC KINGS‟ SAGA: HARALDSSAGA HARDRADA AND KNYTLINGA SAGA Gülen, Deniz Cem Gülen MA, Department of History Supervisor: Assistant Professor Dr. David Thornton August, 2015 The Icelandic sagas are one of the most important historical sources for Viking studies. Although there are many different types of saga, only the kings‟ sagas and family sagas are generally considered historically accurate to some extent. Unfortunately, because they were composed centuries after the Viking age, even these sagas contain a number of historical inaccuracies. In this research, I will try to discuss this problem by focusing on the Heimskringla version of King Harald‟s saga and the Knýtlinga saga, and how English history is represented in them. After discussing the nature of the sagas and the problems of the Icelandic sources, I will consider the saga accounts of certain events that occurred in England during the reigns of Harald Hardrada and Cnut the Great. In order to show the possible mistakes in these sagas, primary sources from outside of Scandinavia and Iceland, notably the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, as well as modern studies, will be used to assess these possible errors in the Heimskringla and Knýtlinga saga. -
From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages
Part III: Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation Hostages in peace processes The purpose of this part of the book is to elucidate how the giv- ing and taking of hostages can be understood within a ceremony (or several ceremonies). The analysis must in part be carried out as a reconstruction because the medieval writers sometimes saw the giving and taking of hostage as irrelevant during negotiations: there were more important events to describe, such as the con- version of heathens. At the same time it is important to under- stand the use of a hostage as a major or essential part of a wider context: the peace process. The central parts of ceremonies are also analysed in this part, the treatment of the hostages, and how they were valued as persons. These ceremonial patterns may have taken altering expressions – regulations, and procedures – in dif- ferent areas of confrontation and must therefore be understood by identifying their contextual factors. Initially Anglo-Saxon areas of confrontation are described and analysed, as well as some other contexts. In particular, it is emphasized that there were specific conditions for each individual conflict, with a subsequent peace, where personal interests may have been decisive for the outcome as well as other social mechanisms related to competitive group- ings. Additional examples will also be taken from other confron- tational areas involving Scandinavians: the Carolingian Empire, Denmark, and Norway. How to cite this book chapter: Olsson, S. 2019. Ritual Actions in Different Areas of Confrontation. In: Olsson, S. The Hostages of Northmen: From the Viking Age to the Middle Ages. -
Pursuing West: the Viking Expeditions of North America
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2015 Pursuing West: The iV king Expeditions of North America Jody M. Bryant East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Bryant, Jody M., "Pursuing West: The iV king Expeditions of North America" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2508. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2508 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Pursuing West: The Viking Expeditions of North America _____________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History _____________________ by Jody Melinda Bryant May 2015 _____________________ Dr. William Douglas Burgess, Jr., Chair Dr. Henry J. Antkiewicz Dr. John M. Rankin Keywords: Kensington Rune Stone, Runes, Vikings, Gotland ABSTRACT Pursuing West: The Viking Expeditions of North America by Jody Bryant The purpose to this thesis is to demonstrate the activity of the Viking presence, in North America. The research focuses on the use of stones, carved with runic inscriptions that have been discovered in Okla- homa, Maine, Rhode Island and Minnesota. The thesis discusses orthographic traits found in the in- scriptions and gives evidence that links their primary use to fourteenth century Gotland. -
Guidelines for Using the Index of Persons and Places
Guidelines for Using the Index of Persons and Places The index contains the names of more than 15,000 persons and places mentioned in Witt’s diary. In addition, it contains over 1,000 references that are meant to assist the reader in finding specific persons and places. The comments below are intended to help facilitate use of the index and to explain the possibilities and limits for indexing of names of persons and places mentioned in Witt’s diary. Page numbers and volumes in the index refer to page numbers and volumes of the manuscript. The page numbers of the manuscript are inserted in brackets in the present text. Persons The index encompasses all specifically named real individuals. Indirect mention of or allusion to a person, where the person’s name is not mentioned, have not been included (thus, for example, the mention of a person by indication of his/her family relationship or formal office − e.g. ‘his brother,’ ‘the mayor of Lima’). A person’s name is likewise not indexed if the name itself is not mentioned but rather only an artifact named after the individual (e.g. ‘Trajan’s Column’). However, the person’s name is indexed if it is part of the name of a business firm, such as ‘Antony Gibbs and Sons,’ although ‘and sons’ here would not be included in the entry. If families, spouses, or the children of a family are indexed as a couple or a group, wherever possible they are indexed individually with their first name as well. If the first name is not known, then wherever possible an addition is included (such as the word ‘family’ or ‘Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms.’) in order to indicate whether the referent is a family, a man or boy, a woman or girl. -
Life and Cult of Cnut the Holy the First Royal Saint of Denmark
Life and cult of Cnut the Holy The first royal saint of Denmark Edited by: Steffen Hope, Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard, Anne Hedeager Krag & Mads Runge Life and cult of Cnut the Holy The first royal saint of Denmark Life and cult of Cnut the Holy The first royal saint of Denmark Report from an interdisciplinary research seminar in Odense. November 6th to 7th 2017 Edited by: Steffen Hope, Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard, Anne Hedeager Krag & Mads Runge Kulturhistoriske studier i centralitet – Archaeological and Historical Studies in Centrality, vol. 4, 2019 Forskningscenter Centrum – Odense Bys Museer Syddansk Univeristetsforlag/University Press of Southern Denmark Report from an interdisciplinary research seminar in Odense. November 6th to 7th 2017 Published by Forskningscenter Centrum – Odense City Museums – University Press of Southern Denmark ISBN: 9788790267353 © The editors and the respective authors Editors: Steffen Hope, Mikael Manøe Bjerregaard, Anne Hedeager Krag & Mads Runge Graphic design: Bjørn Koch Klausen Frontcover: Detail from a St Oswald reliquary in the Hildesheim Cathedral Museum, c. 1185-89. © Dommuseum Hildesheim. Photo: Florian Monheim, 2016. Backcover: Reliquary containing the reamains of St Cnut in the crypt of St Cnut’s Church. Photo: Peter Helles Eriksen, 2017. Distribution: Odense City Museums Overgade 48 DK-5000 Odense C [email protected] www.museum.odense.dk University Press of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 DK-5230 Odense M [email protected] www.universitypress.dk 4 Content Contributors ...........................................................................................................................................6