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Fascism 2 (2013) 161–182 brill.com/fasc ‘We Will Never Leave.’ The Reale Accademia d’Italia and the Invention of a Fascist Africanism Emanuel Rota University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] Abstract At the beginning of November 1938 the Reale Accademia d’Italia, the official cultural institution of the Italian Fascist regime, organized a conference on Africa. Mussolini himself had chosen the theme for the conference and major Italian political figures, such as De Vecchi and Balbo, delivered papers, together with French, English and German politicians and scholars. The con- ference, organized in the same year of Hitler’s visit to Italy and of the introduction of the new racial laws, could have offered the cultural justification for a foreign policy alternative to the German turn taken by the regime. Only Mussolini’s last minute decision not to attend trans- formed the Convegno Volta on Africa from a potential alternative foreign policy into a forum where the dissenting voices within the regime voiced their opposition to German style racism. Keywords Italian Fascism; racism; anti-Semitism; Reale Accademia d’Italia; Fascist colonialism; Fascist Africanism The time of politics and the time of cultural production run at different speeds. In authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, where the political power can dic- tate the cultural agenda, the lack of synchronicity that characterizes these two different times can be a source of embarrassment for the political authorities, a space where the sudden turns of politics can reveal themselves as such. For this reason, the cultural events that a regime organizes to systematize its ideol- ogy can be invaluable ‘time machines’ for historians, who can look a these events to challenge the time frame produced by political authorities to legiti- mize their choices. -
Ambasciata D'italia Presso La Santa Sede 1929
Storia e Diplomazia Il presente volume è stato realizzato a cura dell’Unità per la Documentazione Storico- diplomatica e gli Archivi sotto la direzione del Capo della Unità, Professor Francesco Perfetti. Le opinioni espresse all’interno dei saggi contenuti nel volume sono esclusivamente degli autori e non rappresentano in alcun modo la posizione della struttura. Ministero degli Affari Esteri Segreteria Generale Unità per la Documentazione Storico Diplomatica e gli Archivi Storia e Diplomazia 2 Giugno 2009 SOMMARIO Premessa ............................................................................................................... pag. 7 SAGGI ............................................................................................ » 9 Cesare Maria De Vecchi di Val Cismon. Primo Ambasciatore d’Italia in Vaticano (giugno 1929 – luglio 1935) di Mario Casella ............................................................................ » 11 INVENTARI ..................................................................................... » 29 Il riordinamento delle carte dell’Ambasciata d’Italia presso la Santa Sede di Stefania Ruggeri ......................................................................... » 31 Titolario ...................................................................................... » 33 Inventario .................................................................................... » 35 Inventario delle carte dell’Ambasciata d’Italia presso la Santa Sede a cura di Michele Abbate ............................................................................ -
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Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 Eileen Ryan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ©2012 Eileen Ryan All rights reserved ABSTRACT Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 By Eileen Ryan In the first decade of their occupation of the former Ottoman territories of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in current-day Libya, the Italian colonial administration established a system of indirect rule in the Cyrenaican town of Ajedabiya under the leadership of Idris al-Sanusi, a leading member of the Sufi order of the Sanusiyya and later the first monarch of the independent Kingdom of Libya after the Second World War. Post-colonial historiography of modern Libya depicted the Sanusiyya as nationalist leaders of an anti-colonial rebellion as a source of legitimacy for the Sanusi monarchy. Since Qaddafi’s revolutionary coup in 1969, the Sanusiyya all but disappeared from Libyan historiography as a generation of scholars, eager to fill in the gaps left by the previous myopic focus on Sanusi elites, looked for alternative narratives of resistance to the Italian occupation and alternative origins for the Libyan nation in its colonial and pre-colonial past. Their work contributed to a wider variety of perspectives in our understanding of Libya’s modern history, but the persistent focus on histories of resistance to the Italian occupation has missed an opportunity to explore the ways in which the Italian colonial framework shaped the development of a religious and political authority in Cyrenaica with lasting implications for the Libyan nation. -
Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy
Dr. Francesco Gallo OUTSTANDING FAMILIES of Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy from the XVI to the XX centuries EMIGRATION to USA and Canada from 1880 to 1930 Padua, Italy August 2014 1 Photo on front cover: Graphic drawing of Aiello of the XVII century by Pietro Angius 2014, an readaptation of Giovan Battista Pacichelli's drawing of 1693 (see page 6) Photo on page 1: Oil painting of Aiello Calabro by Rosario Bernardo (1993) Photo on back cover: George Benjamin Luks, In the Steerage, 1900 Oil on canvas 77.8 x 48.9 cm North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh. Purchased with funds from the Elizabeth Gibson Taylor and Walter Frank Taylor Fund and the North Carolina State Art Society (Robert F. Phifer Bequest), 98.12 2 With deep felt gratitude and humility I dedicate this publication to Prof. Rocco Liberti a pioneer in studying Aiello's local history and author of the books: "Ajello Calabro: note storiche " published in 1969 and "Storia dello Stato di Aiello in Calabria " published in 1978 The author is Francesco Gallo, a Medical Doctor, a Psychiatrist, a Professor at the University of Maryland (European Division) and a local history researcher. He is a member of various historical societies: Historical Association of Calabria, Academy of Cosenza and Historic Salida Inc. 3 Coat of arms of some Aiellese noble families (from the book by Cesare Orlandi (1734-1779): "Delle città d'Italia e sue isole adjacenti compendiose notizie", Printer "Augusta" in Perugia, 1770) 4 SUMMARY of the book Introduction 7 Presentation 9 Brief History of the town of Aiello Calabro -
The Reale Accademia D'italia and the Invention of a Fascist Africanism
Fascism 2 (2013) 161–182 brill.com/fasc ‘We Will Never Leave.’ The Reale Accademia d’Italia and the Invention of a Fascist Africanism Emanuel Rota University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] Abstract At the beginning of November 1938 the Reale Accademia d’Italia, the official cultural institution of the Italian Fascist regime, organized a conference on Africa. Mussolini himself had chosen the theme for the conference and major Italian political figures, such as De Vecchi and Balbo, delivered papers, together with French, English and German politicians and scholars. The con- ference, organized in the same year of Hitler’s visit to Italy and of the introduction of the new racial laws, could have offered the cultural justification for a foreign policy alternative to the German turn taken by the regime. Only Mussolini’s last minute decision not to attend trans- formed the Convegno Volta on Africa from a potential alternative foreign policy into a forum where the dissenting voices within the regime voiced their opposition to German style racism. Keywords Italian Fascism; racism; anti-Semitism; Reale Accademia d’Italia; Fascist colonialism; Fascist Africanism The time of politics and the time of cultural production run at different speeds. In authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, where the political power can dic- tate the cultural agenda, the lack of synchronicity that characterizes these two different times can be a source of embarrassment for the political authorities, a space where the sudden turns of politics can reveal themselves as such. For this reason, the cultural events that a regime organizes to systematize its ideol- ogy can be invaluable ‘time machines’ for historians, who can look a these events to challenge the time frame produced by political authorities to legiti- mize their choices. -
Gazzetta Ufficiale Del Regno D'italia ANNO 1939 Indice Per Materia
Conto corrente con la Posta GAZZETTA FFICIAIÆ DELREGNO D'ITALIA XI ' INDICE MENSILE - 1°-30 NOVEMBRE 1939-XVIII Pubblicažioni importanti: ORDINAM.ENTO DELLO STATO CIVILE CON LA RELAZIONE MINISTERIALE A S. M. IL RE IMPERATORE Volume di 110 del pagine formato di cm. 15,5×10,5 rilegato in brosaura con sopracopertina in - semicartoncino rosso-vino. Pubblicazione n. 1981 - . , L 5 CODICE CIVILE - LIBRO I. CON LA RELAZIONE MINISTERIALE A §. M. IL RE IMPERATORE Volume di 276 pagine del formato di cm. 15,5 x 10,5 rilegato in brossura con sopracopertina in - semicartoncino rosso-vino. - Pubblicazione n. 22504is . L. 8 DISPOSIZIONI PER L'ATTUAZIONE DEL CODICE CIVILE - LIBRO I. E DISPOSIZIONI TRANSITORIE Volume di 78 pagine del formato di cm. 15,5×10,5 rilegato in brossura con sopracopertina - in semicartoncino rosso-vino. n. - Pubblicazione 2250-6is-A . L. 4 CODICE CIVILE - LIBRO DELLE SUCCESSIONI E DONAZIONI CON LA RELAZIONE MINISTERIALE A S. M. IL RE IMPERATORE Volume di 328 pagine del formato di cm. 15,5×10,5 rilegato in brossura con sopracopertina - in semicartoncino rosso-vino. Pubblicazione n. 6 - 2399-bis. L Le suddette pubb&azioni sono tutte in prima edizione stereotipa del testo ufciale Inviare le richieste alla LIBRERIA DELLO STATO - ROMA - Piazza G. Verdi, 1() (Avviso pubblicitario n. 17). - 2 - INDICE PER MATERIE Numero Numero della della Gassetta Gazzetta Abbigliamiento, Albi nazionali. I egge 16 giugno 1939-XVII, n. 1701: Norme integrative della Decreto Ministeriale 14 ottobre 1939-XVII: Norme per la te- legge 18 gennaio 1937-XV, n. 666, sulla disciplina della pro- nuta degli Albi nazionali e per gli esami di idoneità per duzione e riproduzione dei modelli di vestiario e di l'abilitazione alla funzione di esattore e collettore delle . -
Youth, Gender, and Education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 Jennifer L
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2015 The model of masculinity: Youth, gender, and education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 Jennifer L. Nehrt James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the European History Commons, History of Gender Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Nehrt, Jennifer L., "The model of masculinity: Youth, gender, and education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939" (2015). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 66. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/66 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Model of Masculinity: Youth, Gender, and Education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 _______________________ An Honors Program Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Arts and Letters James Madison University _______________________ by Jennifer Lynn Nehrt May 2015 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of History, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors Program. FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS PROGRAM APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Jessica Davis, Ph.D. Philip Frana, Ph.D., Associate Professor, History Interim Director, Honors Program Reader: Emily Westkaemper, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, History Reader: Christian Davis, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, History PUBLIC PRESENTATION This work is accepted for presentation, in part or in full, at Honors Symposium on April 24, 2015. -
Mussolini's Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità
“A Mysterious Revival of Roman Passion”: Mussolini’s Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità Benjamin Barron Senior Honors Thesis in History HIST-409-02 Georgetown University Mentored by Professor Foss May 4, 2009 “A Mysterious Revival of Roman Passion”: Mussolini’s Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgments ii List of Illustrations iii Introduction 1 I. Mussolini and the Power of Words 7 II. The Restrained Side of Mussolini’s Romanità 28 III. The Shift to Imperialism: The Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1935 – 1936 49 IV. Romanità in Mussolini’s New Roman Empire 58 Conclusion 90 Bibliography 95 i PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first came up with the topic for this thesis when I visited Rome for the first time in March of 2008. I was studying abroad for the spring semester in Milan, and my six-month experience in Italy undoubtedly influenced the outcome of this thesis. In Milan, I grew to love everything about Italy – the language, the culture, the food, the people, and the history. During this time, I traveled throughout all of Italian peninsula and, without the support of my parents, this tremendous experience would not have been possible. For that, I thank them sincerely. This thesis would not have been possible without a few others whom I would like to thank. First and foremost, thank you, Professor Astarita, for all the time you put into our Honors Seminar class during the semester. I cannot imagine how hard it must have been to read all of our drafts so intently. Your effort has not gone unnoticed. -
CONTRACT for CLARESHOLM SCHOOL 1 Wsafyier FINAL Grii 1 FORECAST—FAIR, MILD Y-XJL Winnipeg Wheat EDITION MAY CLOSE 77^4
CONTRACT FOR CLARESHOLM SCHOOL 1 Wsafyier FINAL grii 1 FORECAST—FAIR, MILD y-XJL Winnipeg Wheat EDITION MAY CLOSE 77^4 VOL. XXXIII. No. 30B. LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1940 16 PAGES AND COMICS TIRANA BY CHRISTMAS" GREEK BATTLE CRY AS ARGIROCASTRO ABANDONED $882,000 MORE TROUBLE FOR IL DUCE Full Striking Force For New Unit Speed Bombers For Britain Relinquishes Greek Units Hurled Air Scheme 4* 'I'^ •I' -I' •^ ^ •i* -h 4" 4* 4* + 4" + + U.S. Will Build Two More Big Assembly Plants Command In At Fleeing Italians Bennett and White Given Fascists Leave Parts of Albanian Base in Flames— Contiact for Big 3,000 Prisoners Taken Along With Over 100 Airport Dodecanese TRAVELLING Howitzers—Drive Pushed in North With ARTISANS TO Albanian Capital City as Objective START LETHBRIDGE Second Sensational Retire ment in Italian High REBUILD G.B. THENS, Dec. 7—(A.P.)—Italian forces were report PLANT IN SPRING A ed today to have abandoned Argirocastro, leaving Command NEW YORK, Dec. 7.—(;P)— parts of the inland Albanian base in flames. Dispatches (Special to The Ilcralil.) Thirteen mobilized squads of from the front said Greek troops advancing on Argirocas OTTAWA, Out., Dec. 7.—Con bricklayers, carpenters and ONE OF FASCISM'S masons soon will travel about tro from several directions had established contact pre tract for construction of build paratory to occupation. ings for the new service flyinp ORIGINAL BIG 4 Britain repairing and re training school at Clarosholm, building bombed houses, a The road between Porto Edda and Delvino and the Alberta, has been awarded to British broadcast heard here ROME, Dec. -
TITO ZANIBONI E Il Complotto Friulano Per Uccidere MUSSOLINI
La storia raccontata - 1 DINO BARATTIN TITO ZANIBONI e il complotto friulano per uccidere MUSSOLINI LIBRARIA Indice Presentazione 7 Introduzione 11 Roma, 4 novembre 1925, hotel Dragoni 13 Buja, un paese nel primo dopoguerra 18 Con il sostegno di: Storia di un’amicizia 21 Un gerarca friulano 26 L’osteria di Lucia 31 Tito Zaniboni 34 Il delitto Matteotti. Un punto di svolta 40 Comune di Buja Il complotto 51 Le reazioni 61 Edito da: Il segreto di Pulcinella 65 Libraria Via Sopracastello 3 Il delatore 67 San Daniele Del Friuli(Ud) Le indagini 73 Tel. +39 0432 940083 Intanto in Friuli… 76 Email: libraria @alice.it Il retrobottega di un processo 82 Progetto grafico ed impaginazione: Il processo 91 ciccìecoccò graphic design Le molte storie personali 99 Stampa: L’isola del destino 108 Grafika Soča - Nova Gorica, Slovenia Dagli atti del processo contro Tito Zaniboni 116 ©2011 Libraria Note 135 Ringraziamenti Presentazione Ringrazio la dott.ssa Loredana Bortolotti per la cortese segnala- Il libro in esame ricostruisce la complessa vicenda storica zione della presenza nella Biblioteca Civica Glemonense del dat- del primo attentato al Capo del Governo, Benito Mussolini. tiloscritto Il processo Zaniboni. Il dottor Stefano Bergagna per Una vicenda che ha visto coinvolti diversi cittadini friulani avermi fornito in forma digitale una gran mole di documenti ed in particolare numerosi bujesi. L’idea dell’attentato matu- presenti presso l’Archivio Centrale dello Stato di Roma inerenti a ra in una Buja reduce dagli enormi danni causati dalla prima questa vicenda, nonché fotografie e informazioni utili alla stesura guerra mondiale, in un clima ideologico che, contemporane- del testo. -
Ruling Elites.Indb
António Costa Pinto is a professor Dictators do not rule alone, and a governing elite stratum is always ANTÓNIO COSTA PINTO After the so-called ‘third wave’ of de- of politics and contemporary Euro- formed below them. This book explores an underdeveloped area in the study ANTÓNIO COSTA PINTO mocratisation at the end of the 20th pean history at the Institute of Social of fascism: the structure of power. The old and rich tradition of elite studies Edited by century had significantly increased the Sciences, University of Lisbon. He has can tell us much about the structure and operation of political power in the number of democracies in the world, been a visiting professor at Stanford dictatorships associated with fascism, whether through the characterisation of the survival of many dictatorships has University (1993) Georgetown Uni- had an important impact. Taking as the modes of political elite recruitment, or by the type of leadership, and the versity (2004), a senior associate mem- starting point the dictatorships that ber at St Antony’s College, Oxford relative power of the political institutions in the new dictatorial system. emerged since the beginning of the University (1995) and a senior visiting Analyzing four dictatorships associated with fascism (Fascist Italy, Nazi 20th century, but mainly those that fellow at Princeton University (1996) Germany, Salazar’s Portugal and Franco’s Spain), the book investigates the were institutionalised after 1945, the and at the University of California, dictator-cabinet-single party triad from -
La Marcia Su Roma
MARIO BUSSONI Mattioli 1885 Mattioli LA MARCIA SU ROMA VIAGGI NELLA STORIA ® 978-88-6261-236-4 Mattioli 1885 LA MARCIA SU ROMA | BUSSONI • INTRODUZIONE STORICA • BIOGRAFIE DEI PERSONAGGI • ITINERARI STORICO-TURISTICI • INDIRIZZI UTILI LA MARCIA SU ROMA di Mario Bussoni www.viaggiestoria.com viaggi nella storia ® by www.viagginellastoria.it B Mattioli 1885 Milano Cremona Perugia Monterotondo Civitavecchia Mentana Santa Marinella Tivoli ROMA Comando Centri di Raccolta Città importante In un quadro del pittore Giacomo Balla: l'ingresso a Roma. Mentana Tivoli abc 4 La Marcia su Roma La Marcia su Roma prima edizione Aprile 2012 © Mattioli 1885 srl - Strada della Lodesana, 649/sx, Loc. Vaio, 43036 Fidenza (Parma) tel. 0524.892111 - www.mattioli1885.com Grafica e Impaginazione Officine Grafiche Multimediali Via del Torrione, 27 - 43122 Parma Viaggi nella storia ® by www.viagginellastoria.it www.viaggiestoria.com Testi: Mario Bussoni Editing: Riccardo Baudinelli Coordinamento collana: Marcello Calzolari Foto di copertina: "L'Azione", statua del Vittoriano, Roma Tutti i diritti sono riservati. La riproduzione, anche parziale e con qualsiasi mezzo, non è consentita senza la preventiva autorizzazione scritta dell’editore. Viaggi nella Storia 5 PRESENTAZIONE Celebrata dal Regime come l’epilogo della Rivoluzione fascista, cosa è stata realmente la Marcia su Roma: una semplice manifestazione di piazza, sostanzialmente sopravvalutata, un vero e proprio colpo di stato o piuttosto una manifestazione violenta, un azzardo, fortunosamente andato a buon fine? Nelle pagine che seguono ne abbiamo ricostruito con precisione la dinamica, partendo dal 24 ottobre 1922, quando, nel corso del raduno delle camicie nere a Napoli, Benito Mussolini afferma sicuro: “O ci daranno il governo o lo prenderemo calando a Roma”.