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Libya: Extremism & Counter-Extremism Overview
Libya: Extremism & Counter-Extremism On July 14, 2020, Libya’s eastern-based parliament approved a motion that would allow Egypt to militarily intervene in the Libyan war to counter Turkish support of the Government of National Accord (GNA). Accordingly, Egypt’s military has claimed to have carried out exercises involving navy, air force, and Special Forces near the Libyan border in anticipation of drastic changes in the region. On June 30, 2020, France’s president, Emmanuel Macron, accused Turkey of importing large numbers of jihadists into Libya. In recent weeks, Turkey has significantly intervened in Libya, providing air support, weapons, and fighters to the internationally recognized GNA to repel the opposing Libyan National Army (LNA). Macron did not provide clear evidence regarding the nature of the deployed fighters but claimed that Turkey was “massively importing” fighters from Syria. Although the GNA seized back the capital from the LNA on June 3, 2020, Libya is still split between the two factions—the LNA maintains control of the east, and the LNA controls the western area of the country. (Sources: Al Jazeera [1], Arab News [2], Reuters [3], Al Jazeera [4], Guardian [5], Reuters [6]) Fighting between the rival factions has been ongoing since April 2019, and escalated in early 2020 after Haftar’s declaration of a “final” and decisive battle for Tripoli on December 12, 2019. A couple of weeks later, on January 2, 2020, Turkish lawmakers authorized the deployment of troops into Libya, however, Turkish and Russian forces called for a truce on January 12. As of June 2020, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Maria Zakharova, has claimed that the situation in Libya continues to deteriorate despite the attempted Russian-Turkish ceasefire. -
Role and Powers of the Prime Minister
House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee Role and powers of the Prime Minister First Report of Session 2014–15 Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 19 June 2014 HC 351 Published on 24 June 2014 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Political and Constitutional Reform Committee The Political and Constitutional Reform Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to consider political and constitutional reform. Current membership Mr Graham Allen MP (Labour, Nottingham North) (Chair) Mr Jeremy Browne MP (Liberal Democrat, Taunton Deane) Mr Christopher Chope MP (Conservative, Christchurch) Tracey Crouch MP (Conservative, Chatham and Aylesford) Mark Durkan MP (Social Democratic & Labour Party, Foyle) Paul Flynn MP (Labour, Newport West) Fabian Hamilton MP (Labour, Leeds North East) David Morris MP (Conservative, Morecambe and Lunesdale) Robert Neill MP (Conservative, Bromley and Chislehurst) Chris Ruane MP (Labour, Vale of Clwyd) Mr Andrew Turner MP (Conservative, Isle of Wight) The following Members were also members of the Committee during the Parliament: Sheila Gilmore MP (Labour, Edinburgh East) Andrew Griffiths MP (Conservative, Burton) Simon Hart MP (Conservative, Camarthen West and South Pembrokeshire) Tristram Hunt MP (Labour, Stoke on Trent Central) Mrs Eleanor Laing MP (Conservative, Epping Forest) Stephen Williams MP (Liberal Democrat, Bristol West) Yasmin Qureshi MP (Labour, Bolton South East) Powers The Committee’s powers are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in Temporary Standing Order (Political and Constitutional Reform Committee). These are available on the Internet via http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmstords.htm Publication Committee reports are published on the Committee’s website at http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons- select/political-and-constitutional-reform-committee/publications/ and by The Stationary Office by Order of the House. -
The 2011 Libyan Revolution and Gene Sharp's Strategy of Nonviolent Action
Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses : Honours Theses 2012 The 2011 Libyan revolution and Gene Sharp's strategy of nonviolent action : what factors precluded nonviolent action in the 2011 Libyan uprising, and how do these reflect on Gene Sharp's theory? Siobhan Lynch Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons Part of the Political History Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation Lynch, S. (2012). The 2011 Libyan revolution and Gene Sharp's strategy of nonviolent action : what factors precluded nonviolent action in the 2011 Libyan uprising, and how do these reflect on Gene Sharp's theory?. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/74 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/74 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Use of Thesis This copy is the property of Edith Cowan University. -
Big Sandbox,” However It May Be Interpreted, Brought with It Extraordinary Enchantment
eScholarship California Italian Studies Title The Embarrassment of Libya. History, Memory, and Politics in Contemporary Italy Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z63v86n Journal California Italian Studies, 1(1) Author Labanca, Nicola Publication Date 2010 DOI 10.5070/C311008847 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Embarrassment of Libya: History, Memory, and Politics in Contemporary Italy Nicola Labanca The past weighs on the present. This same past can, however, also constitute an opportunity for the future. If adequately acknowledged, the past can inspire positive action. This seems to be the maxim that we can draw from the history of Italy in the Mediterranean and, in particular, the history of Italy's relationship with Libya. Even the most recent “friendship and cooperation agreement” between Italy and Libya, signed August 30, 2008 by Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and Libyan leader Colonel Moammar Gadhafi, affirms this. Italy’s colonial past in Libya has been a source of political tensions between the two nations for the past forty years. Now, the question emerges: will the acknowledgement of this past finally help to reconcile the two countries? The history of Italy’s presence in Libya (1912-1942) is rather different from the more general history of the European colonial expansion. The Ottoman provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (referred to by the single name “Libya” in the literary and rhetorical culture of liberal Italy) were among the few African territories that remained outside of the European dominion, together with Ethiopia (which defeated Italy at Adwa in 1896) and rubber-rich Liberia. -
The Italian Approach to Libya
Études de l’Ifri "PLAYING WITH MOLECULES" The Italian Approach to Libya Aldo LIGA April 2018 Turkey/Middle East Program The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 978-2-36567-861-2 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2018 Cover: “A scratched map of Libya hanging on the walls inside a reception centre for unaccompanied and separated migrant and refugee minors in Western Sicily”. © Aldo Liga. How to quote this document: Aldo Liga, “‘Playing with Molecules’: The Italian Approach to Libya”, Études de l’Ifri, Ifri, April 2018. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Author Aldo Liga is a freelance analyst on Middle East and North Africa issues and energy. He works for a Swiss-NGO which implements assessment, monitoring & evaluation and organisational capacity-building programmes. He holds a MA in International Security from Sciences Po Paris and a BA in Political Science from the “Cesare Alfieri” School of Political Sciences of Florence. -
The Brookings Institution
1 SCOTLAND-2013/04/09 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION SCOTLAND AS A GOOD GLOBAL CITIZEN: A DISCUSSION WITH FIRST MINISTER ALEX SALMOND Washington, D.C. Tuesday, April 9, 2013 PARTICIPANTS: Introduction: MARTIN INDYK Vice President and Director Foreign Policy The Brookings Institution Moderator: FIONA HILL Senior Fellow and Director Center on the United States and Europe The Brookings Institution Featured Speaker: ALEX SALMOND First Minister of Scotland * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 706 Duke Street, Suite 100 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 2 SCOTLAND-2013/04/09 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. INDYK: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Brookings. I'm Martin Indyk, the Director of the Foreign Policy Program at Brookings, and we're delighted to have you here for a special event hosted by Center on the U.S. and Europe at Brookings. In an historic referendum set for autumn of next year, the people of Scotland will vote to determine if Scotland should become an independent country. And that decision will carry with it potentially far-reaching economic, legal, political, and security consequences for the United Kingdom. Needless to say, the debate about Scottish independence will be watched closely in Washington as well. And so we are delighted to have the opportunity to host the Right Honorable Alex Salmond, the first Minister of Scotland, to speak about the Scottish independence. He has been First Minister since 2007. Before that, he has had a distinguished parliamentary career. He was elected member of the UK parliament in 1987, served there until 2010. -
MPLS VPN Service
MPLS VPN Service PCCW Global’s MPLS VPN Service provides reliable and secure access to your network from anywhere in the world. This technology-independent solution enables you to handle a multitude of tasks ranging from mission-critical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), quality videoconferencing and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) to convenient email and web-based applications while addressing traditional network problems relating to speed, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS) management and traffic engineering. MPLS VPN enables routers to tag and forward incoming packets based on their class of service specification and allows you to run voice communications, video, and IT applications separately via a single connection and create faster and smoother pathways by simplifying traffic flow. Independent of other VPNs, your network enjoys a level of security equivalent to that provided by frame relay and ATM. Network diagram Database Customer Portal 24/7 online customer portal CE Router Voice Voice Regional LAN Headquarters Headquarters Data LAN Data LAN Country A LAN Country B PE CE Customer Router Service Portal PE Router Router • Router report IPSec • Traffic report Backup • QoS report PCCW Global • Application report MPLS Core Network Internet IPSec MPLS Gateway Partner Network PE Router CE Remote Router Site Access PE Router Voice CE Voice LAN Router Branch Office CE Data Branch Router Office LAN Country D Data LAN Country C Key benefits to your business n A fully-scalable solution requiring minimal investment -
Local Militias and Governance in Libya
CrisesAlert 3 Entering the Lion’s Den: local militias and governance in Libya Clingendael Report Floor El Kamouni-Janssen Kars de Bruijne CrisesAlert 3 Entering the Lion’s Den: local militias and governance in Libya Floor El Kamouni-Janssen Kars de Bruijne Clingendael report October 2017 Clingendael CrisesAlerts Libya Unpacking conflict trends, theaters and assumptions forms the basis of the Clingendael CrisesAlerts on Libya: where are the theaters of war, what are trends in fault lines, success and conflict activity? European security interests at stake: this CrisesAlert explores why Europe should care about the ongoing conflict. What security interests are at stake? What are the mechanisms whereby the crises impact Europe and its member states? What should be done? Militia coalition-building and governance: this CrisesAlert explores armed coalitions in Libya, and their implications for conflict and support for local and national governance. The EU in the world: this CrisesAlert probes into the regional and geopolitical power dynamics. How do fault lines develop and what does this suggest for the EU’s room for maneuver, foreign policy and actionable policy? October 2017 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: © Flickr – Magharebia Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. -
Università Di Pisa
UNIVERSITÀ DI PISA SCUOLA DI DOTTORATO IN STORIA, ORIENTALISTICA E STORIA DELLE ARTI CICLO XXIII GLI ITALIANI NELL’ERITREA DEL SECONDO DOPOGUERRA 1941 – 1952 Candidato: Dott. Nicholas Lucchetti Tutor: Chiar.mo Prof. Marco Lenci SSD: M – STO/04 Anno accademico 2010 – 2011 1 INDICE Abbreviazioni, p. 4 Ringraziamenti, p. 6 Introduzione, p. 7 Capitolo 1. L’Amministrazione militare britannica dell’Eritrea, p. 13 1.1 La struttura del governo d’occupazione e i rapporti con gli italiani, p. 13 1.2 “L’Informazione” (1941), p. 17 1.3 L’“Eritrean Daily News” – “Il Quotidiano eritreo”, la politica britannica nei confronti degli eritrei e le contraddizioni del mantenimento in servizio degli italiani, p. 21 1.4 La PAI durante l’Amministrazione britannica, p. 29 1.5 La Guardia di Finanza durante l’Amministrazione britannica, p. 31 1.6 L’Arma dei Carabinieri durante l’Amministrazione britannica, p. 35 Capitolo 2. La politica tra gli italiani d’Eritrea, p. 39 2.1 Il movimento antifascista, il GUI e l’Amministrazione britannica. 1941 – 1943, p. 39 2.2 1944. La fondazione del CLN e del PDCI, il caso Del Giudice, p. 56 2.3 “Resistenti”, guerriglieri e fascisti d’Eritrea 1941 – 1945, p. 66 2.4 1946. La sospensione di “Voci di casa nostra”, il referendum istituzionale, “La Repubblica” ed il “Corriere di Asmara” di Franco Pattarino, p. 85 2.5 1947. La sospensione del “Corriere di Asmara”, la nascita del CRIE, lo sciopero degli operai dell’ARAMCO, la crisi del CRIE, “Ficcanaso”, l’MSI “eritreo”, p. 96 2.6 1948. La manifestazione per l’eccidio di Mogadiscio. -
Governance Relationships in Football Between Management and Labour Roitman - Governance Relationships Marston, C
Building on the two prior CIES governance studies, this is the third FIFA-mandated research analysing governance relationships in football. This book focuses on those Editions CIES between football’s employers (clubs, leagues and even NAs) and its labour force. Based on a sample of forty countries across all six confederations and questionnaires from players’ associations, leagues and national associations, this research surveys and compares the diverse ‘management-labour’ approaches and scenarios in both men and women’s professional football worldwide. GOVERNANCE RELATIONSHIPS The authors place a special focus on players’ associations and highlight the variety of IN FOOTBALL BETWEEN structures found world-wide. The findings here contribute to a better understanding MANAGEMENT AND LABOUR of the systems, models and relationships in place around the globe when it comes to PLAYERS, CLUBS, LEAGUES & NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS ‘management’ and ‘labour’. This book explores the representation of Kevin Tallec Marston, Camille Boillat & Fernando Roitman players within decision-making structures at club, league and national association level as well as the regulatory contexts and negotiation instruments linking players and management - such as collaborative agreements/MoUs, CBAs, minimum contract requirements and dispute resolution. In addition, this study provides a first ever global exploration of some of the inner workings of players’ associations and an overview of the key issues in professional football from the player’s perspective. The final chapter offers several models and frameworks illustrating the governance relationships between players and management. All three authors work at the International Centre for Sport Studies (CIES). Kevin Tallec Marston earned his PhD in history and works as research fellow and academic projects manager. -
Fondo Lasagni
FONDO GUERRINO LASAGNI BL B 1 ANT *Viaggio nei Bogos / O. Antinori ; con prefazione del march. prof. Giacomo Antinori. - Roma : Societa' Geografica Italiana, 1887. - 162 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. ((Estr. da: Boll. della società geografica italiana (1887), giugno e segg. N.Inv: LAS 207 BL B 1 APP La *sfinge nera : dal Marocco al Madagascar / Mario Appelius. - Milano : Alpes, 1926. - 414 p. ; 20 cm. N.Inv: LAS 250 1 AFRICA - Descrizioni e viaggi BL B 1 ARC *Quando ero medico in Africa / Gaetano Arcoleo. - Bologna : L. Cappelli, 1936. - 180 p., [8] c. di tav. : ill. ; 20 cm. ((L. 10. N.Inv: LAS 191 BL B 1 BEL La *cittadella di Allah : viaggio nell'Arabia Saudita / Felice Bellotti. - Milano : Cino del Duca, [1960]. - 235 p., [24] c.di tav. : ill. ; 21 cm . N.Inv: LAS 160 1 Arabia Saudita - Descrizioni e viaggi BL B 1 BIA *Esplorazioni in Africa di Gustavo Bianchi / memorie ordinate e pubblicate dal dottor Dino Pesci. - Milano etc.! : F. Vallardi, 1886?!. - VIII, 323 p., 1! c. di tav., 1! c. di tav. ripieg. : ritr., c. geogr. color. ; 19 cm. ((Data dalla prefaz. N.Inv: LAS 226 BL B 1 BIA *Mungo Park alla ricerca del Niger / Natale Bianchi. - Torino etc.! : Paravia, stampa 1926. - 262 p., 12! c. di tav. : ill. ; 19 cm. (I *grandi viaggi di esplorazione) N.Inv: LAS 242 1 NIGER <FIUME> - Esplorazioni - 1795-1805 2 PARK, MUNGO BL B 1 BOU L'*aventure Abyssine / Emmanuel Bourcier. - Paris : Librarie des Champs-Elysees, c1936. - 250 p. ; 19 cm. N.Inv: LAS 153 BL B 1 BOV *Dal Mar Rosso al Nilo azzurro / Renato Bova-Scoppa. -
Kazdan Pak Dissertation
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Italy's Primary Teachers: The Feminization of the Italian Teaching Profession, 1859-1911 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fh45860 Author Pak, Julie Kazdan Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Italy’s Primary Teachers: The Feminization of the Italian Teaching Profession, 1859-1911 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Julie Kazdan Pak 2012 © Copyright by Julie Kazdan Pak 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Italy’s Primary Teachers: The Feminization of the Italian Teaching Profession, 1859-1911 by Julie Kazdan Pak Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Geoffrey Symcox, Chair This dissertation concerns the feminization of the Italian teaching profession between the introduction of pre-Unification schooling in 1859 and the nationalization of that system in 1911. By feminization, this dissertation refers both to the gradual assumption of the majority of elementary teaching positions by women and to a transformation in the nature of the position itself. Through an examination of educational periodicals, school records, government inquests, and accounts by teachers and pedagogical theorists, it argues that rather than the unintended consequence of economic constraints or shifting labor patterns, feminization was fundamentally connected to larger processes of centralization and modernization in the Italian school system. Following an introductory chapter outlining the major national, religious, and gender debates of ii the Unification era, the second chapter of the dissertation argues that the figure of the female elementary teacher became embroiled in the contest between local and national interests, furthering the drive toward centralization.