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Fascism 2 (2013) 161–182 brill.com/fasc ‘We Will Never Leave.’ The Reale Accademia d’Italia and the Invention of a Fascist Africanism Emanuel Rota University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] Abstract At the beginning of November 1938 the Reale Accademia d’Italia, the official cultural institution of the Italian Fascist regime, organized a conference on Africa. Mussolini himself had chosen the theme for the conference and major Italian political figures, such as De Vecchi and Balbo, delivered papers, together with French, English and German politicians and scholars. The con- ference, organized in the same year of Hitler’s visit to Italy and of the introduction of the new racial laws, could have offered the cultural justification for a foreign policy alternative to the German turn taken by the regime. Only Mussolini’s last minute decision not to attend trans- formed the Convegno Volta on Africa from a potential alternative foreign policy into a forum where the dissenting voices within the regime voiced their opposition to German style racism. Keywords Italian Fascism; racism; anti-Semitism; Reale Accademia d’Italia; Fascist colonialism; Fascist Africanism The time of politics and the time of cultural production run at different speeds. In authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, where the political power can dic- tate the cultural agenda, the lack of synchronicity that characterizes these two different times can be a source of embarrassment for the political authorities, a space where the sudden turns of politics can reveal themselves as such. For this reason, the cultural events that a regime organizes to systematize its ideol- ogy can be invaluable ‘time machines’ for historians, who can look a these events to challenge the time frame produced by political authorities to legiti- mize their choices. -
Ambasciata D'italia Presso La Santa Sede 1929
Storia e Diplomazia Il presente volume è stato realizzato a cura dell’Unità per la Documentazione Storico- diplomatica e gli Archivi sotto la direzione del Capo della Unità, Professor Francesco Perfetti. Le opinioni espresse all’interno dei saggi contenuti nel volume sono esclusivamente degli autori e non rappresentano in alcun modo la posizione della struttura. Ministero degli Affari Esteri Segreteria Generale Unità per la Documentazione Storico Diplomatica e gli Archivi Storia e Diplomazia 2 Giugno 2009 SOMMARIO Premessa ............................................................................................................... pag. 7 SAGGI ............................................................................................ » 9 Cesare Maria De Vecchi di Val Cismon. Primo Ambasciatore d’Italia in Vaticano (giugno 1929 – luglio 1935) di Mario Casella ............................................................................ » 11 INVENTARI ..................................................................................... » 29 Il riordinamento delle carte dell’Ambasciata d’Italia presso la Santa Sede di Stefania Ruggeri ......................................................................... » 31 Titolario ...................................................................................... » 33 Inventario .................................................................................... » 35 Inventario delle carte dell’Ambasciata d’Italia presso la Santa Sede a cura di Michele Abbate ............................................................................ -
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Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 Eileen Ryan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ©2012 Eileen Ryan All rights reserved ABSTRACT Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 By Eileen Ryan In the first decade of their occupation of the former Ottoman territories of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in current-day Libya, the Italian colonial administration established a system of indirect rule in the Cyrenaican town of Ajedabiya under the leadership of Idris al-Sanusi, a leading member of the Sufi order of the Sanusiyya and later the first monarch of the independent Kingdom of Libya after the Second World War. Post-colonial historiography of modern Libya depicted the Sanusiyya as nationalist leaders of an anti-colonial rebellion as a source of legitimacy for the Sanusi monarchy. Since Qaddafi’s revolutionary coup in 1969, the Sanusiyya all but disappeared from Libyan historiography as a generation of scholars, eager to fill in the gaps left by the previous myopic focus on Sanusi elites, looked for alternative narratives of resistance to the Italian occupation and alternative origins for the Libyan nation in its colonial and pre-colonial past. Their work contributed to a wider variety of perspectives in our understanding of Libya’s modern history, but the persistent focus on histories of resistance to the Italian occupation has missed an opportunity to explore the ways in which the Italian colonial framework shaped the development of a religious and political authority in Cyrenaica with lasting implications for the Libyan nation. -
Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy
Dr. Francesco Gallo OUTSTANDING FAMILIES of Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy from the XVI to the XX centuries EMIGRATION to USA and Canada from 1880 to 1930 Padua, Italy August 2014 1 Photo on front cover: Graphic drawing of Aiello of the XVII century by Pietro Angius 2014, an readaptation of Giovan Battista Pacichelli's drawing of 1693 (see page 6) Photo on page 1: Oil painting of Aiello Calabro by Rosario Bernardo (1993) Photo on back cover: George Benjamin Luks, In the Steerage, 1900 Oil on canvas 77.8 x 48.9 cm North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh. Purchased with funds from the Elizabeth Gibson Taylor and Walter Frank Taylor Fund and the North Carolina State Art Society (Robert F. Phifer Bequest), 98.12 2 With deep felt gratitude and humility I dedicate this publication to Prof. Rocco Liberti a pioneer in studying Aiello's local history and author of the books: "Ajello Calabro: note storiche " published in 1969 and "Storia dello Stato di Aiello in Calabria " published in 1978 The author is Francesco Gallo, a Medical Doctor, a Psychiatrist, a Professor at the University of Maryland (European Division) and a local history researcher. He is a member of various historical societies: Historical Association of Calabria, Academy of Cosenza and Historic Salida Inc. 3 Coat of arms of some Aiellese noble families (from the book by Cesare Orlandi (1734-1779): "Delle città d'Italia e sue isole adjacenti compendiose notizie", Printer "Augusta" in Perugia, 1770) 4 SUMMARY of the book Introduction 7 Presentation 9 Brief History of the town of Aiello Calabro -
The Reale Accademia D'italia and the Invention of a Fascist Africanism
Fascism 2 (2013) 161–182 brill.com/fasc ‘We Will Never Leave.’ The Reale Accademia d’Italia and the Invention of a Fascist Africanism Emanuel Rota University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [email protected] Abstract At the beginning of November 1938 the Reale Accademia d’Italia, the official cultural institution of the Italian Fascist regime, organized a conference on Africa. Mussolini himself had chosen the theme for the conference and major Italian political figures, such as De Vecchi and Balbo, delivered papers, together with French, English and German politicians and scholars. The con- ference, organized in the same year of Hitler’s visit to Italy and of the introduction of the new racial laws, could have offered the cultural justification for a foreign policy alternative to the German turn taken by the regime. Only Mussolini’s last minute decision not to attend trans- formed the Convegno Volta on Africa from a potential alternative foreign policy into a forum where the dissenting voices within the regime voiced their opposition to German style racism. Keywords Italian Fascism; racism; anti-Semitism; Reale Accademia d’Italia; Fascist colonialism; Fascist Africanism The time of politics and the time of cultural production run at different speeds. In authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, where the political power can dic- tate the cultural agenda, the lack of synchronicity that characterizes these two different times can be a source of embarrassment for the political authorities, a space where the sudden turns of politics can reveal themselves as such. For this reason, the cultural events that a regime organizes to systematize its ideol- ogy can be invaluable ‘time machines’ for historians, who can look a these events to challenge the time frame produced by political authorities to legiti- mize their choices. -
Chapter One: Introduction
CHANGING PERCEPTIONS OF IL DUCE TRACING POLITICAL TRENDS IN THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN MEDIA DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF FASCISM by Ryan J. Antonucci Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Changing Perceptions of il Duce Tracing Political Trends in the Italian-American Media during the Early Years of Fascism Ryan J. Antonucci I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: Ryan J. Antonucci, Student Date Approvals: Dr. David Simonelli, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. Brian Bonhomme, Committee Member Date Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date Dr. Carla Simonini, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Associate Dean of Graduate Studies Date Ryan J. Antonucci © 2013 iii ABSTRACT Scholars of Italian-American history have traditionally asserted that the ethnic community’s media during the 1920s and 1930s was pro-Fascist leaning. This thesis challenges that narrative by proving that moderate, and often ambivalent, opinions existed at one time, and the shift to a philo-Fascist position was an active process. Using a survey of six Italian-language sources from diverse cities during the inauguration of Benito Mussolini’s regime, research shows that interpretations varied significantly. One of the newspapers, Il Cittadino Italo-Americano (Youngstown, Ohio) is then used as a case study to better understand why events in Italy were interpreted in certain ways. -
World History Week 3 Take Home Packet
Local District South Students: We hope that you are adjusting to the difficult situation we all find ourselves in and that you are taking time to rest, care for yourself and those you love, and do something everyday to lift your spirits. We want you to know that you are missed and that we have been working hard to develop ways to support you. We want to stay connected with you and provide you with opportunities to learn while you are at home. We hope that you find these activities interesting and that they provide you with something to look forward to over the course of the next week. Stay home; stay healthy; stay safe. We cannot wait until we see you again. Sincerely, The Local District South Instructional Team and your school family World History Week 3 Take Home Packet Student Name_________________________________________________________________________ School________________________________________ Teacher_______________________________ Students: Each of the Social Science Learning Opportunities Packet was developed based on a portion of the standards framework. The mini-unit you will be working on this week, is based on these questions from the framework: ● What was totalitarianism, and how was it implemented in similar and different ways in Japan, Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union? We encourage you to engage in the Extended Learning Opportunity if you are able. Over the course of the next week, please do the activities listed for each day. Week 3, Day 1 1. Read, “Life in a Totalitarian Country” and annotate using the annotation bookmark. 2. Answer the quiz questions. 3. Write a response to this prompt:Observe: How does the text describe the relationship between fear and totalitarian governments? Week 3, Day 2 1. -
Dai Rifiuti Al Re Nasce Il Regime Fascista Fatale Per L’Italia La Miopia Della Classe Dirigente 1 Dicembre 1919
Anno XXXVII – N. 2 Dicembre 2020 AVVISO ALLE POSTE Sped. in a.p. 70% In caso di mancata consegna inviare Poste Italiane Spa – Filiale di Milano TRIMESTRALE DI CULTURA E POLITICA al CMP di Roserio per la restituzione al mittente, che si impegna a pagare la relativa tassa. DAI RIFIUTI AL RE NASCE IL REGIME FASCISTA Fatale per l’Italia la miopia della classe dirigente 1 dicembre 1919. Dal discorso della Corona: “... Il Parlamento, presidio di ogni libertà, difesa e garanzia di tutte le istituzioni democratiche, deve essere oggi più che mai circondato dalla fiducia del Paese… Il nostro Paese raggiunge con la guerra quei confini che la natura gli diede…”. 11 giugno 1921. Dal discorso della Corona “… Perché quest’opera di riassestamento proceda nella concordia delle classi sociali, occorrerà che il Parlamento rivolga l’attività propria all’ordinato ascendere delle classi lavoratrici così delle officine come dei campi… Sarà vanto di questa assemblea… rafforzare gli istituti cooperativi… per consentire alle classi operaie di abilitarsi gradualmente al difficile governo dell’attività economica”. “La rivoluzione fascista si fermò davanti a un trono”* B. Mussolini Vittorio Emanuele III si oppone al fascismo 1918 L’Italia è compiuta 20 novembre 1918. Ore 14. Camera dei Deputati. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, presidente della Camera: “Onorevoli colleghi! L’Italia è compiuta… Le nostre istituzioni, essenzialmente democratiche, consentono ogni sviluppo e ogni trasformazione. L’Italia, che si fece pari a sé stessa nella guerra, saprà sorpassare sé stessa nella pace”(1) Riprende la vita parlamentare, ma il Direttore del Cor- riere della Sera, Luigi Albertini, senatore e membro del Fascio parlamentare di difesa nazionale, raggruppamento patriottico di partiti durante la guerra, il 21 novembre scri- ve: “I fasci devono ora rappresentare la fine dei vecchi partiti”. -
ARCHIVI DI FAMIGLIE E DI PERSONE, Materiali Per Una Guida, II
206 Archivi di famiglie e persone 2083. NEGRI AS Novara. Vèrsamento. Dati complessivi: bb. 11 (1537-1931 con docc. in copia dal 1167). Elenco. Carte patrimoniali della famiglia Negri, conservate nell'archivio dell'Ospedale maggiore della carità, riguardanti case di Novara e tenute agricole che Giuseppe Negri, nel 1900, lasciò in eredità all'ospedale stesso. BIBi., Guida, III, p. 183. 2084. NEGRONI Giovanni AS Novara. Deposito. Dati complessivi: bb. 3 (1812-1843). La documentazione è costitnita da carte professionali e personali del magistrato e awocato Giovanni Negroni. È conservata in Raccolte. e miscellanee, Mano scritti. 2085. NEGROTTO Biella, Fondazione Sella. Dati complessivi: scatole 6 (XIX-XX). Carte della famiglia Negrotto di Genova; si segualano quelle relative a Pericle f N egrotto, tenente colonnello dei bersaglier� irredentista e nazionalista. 2086. NIBBIA AS Novara. Versamento. Dati complessivi: b. 1 (1561-1780). Elenco. I! piccolo fondo, conservato nell'archivio dell'Ospedale maggiore della carità, contiene carte patrimoniali della famiglia, pervenute all'ente insieme con le pro prietà lasciate in eredità da Carlo Nibbia, chirurgo. BIBi., Guida, III, p. 183. ' , 2087. NICOLIS ,AS Novara. Versamento. Dati complessivi: pergg. 68 (1386-1492). Regesto; in ventario 1457. Le pergamene sono conservate nell'archivio dell'Ospedale maggiore della carità. Con testamento dell'anno 1401 Giovannino Nicolis destinò i propri beni alla fon dazione, in Novara, dell'Ospedale di S. Antonio, poi concentrato (1482) nell'Ospedale della carità. Un piccolo nucleo dell'archivio Nicolis (23 pergame ne) si trova nella raccolta Canetta (vedi scheda relativa). BIBe., Guida, III, p. 183. l. Codicetto contenente privilegi della famiglia Ponzone. Secolo XVI in. -
Delpaese E Le Forze Armate
L’ITALIA 1945-1955 LA RICOSTRUZIONE DEL PAESE STATO MAGGIORE DELLA DIFESA UFFICIO STORICO E LE Commissione E LE FORZE ARMATE Italiana Storia Militare MINISTERO DELLA DIFESA CONGRESSOCONGRESSO DIDI STUDISTUDI STORICISTORICI INTERNAZIONALIINTERNAZIONALI CISM - Sapienza Università di Roma ROMA, 20-21 NOVEMBRE 2012 Centro Alti Studi per la Difesa (CASD) Palazzo Salviati ATTI DEL CONGRESSO PROPRIETÀ LETTERARIA tutti i diritti riservati: Vietata anche la riproduzione parziale senza autorizzazione © 2014 • Ministero della Difesa Ufficio Storico dello SMD Salita S. Nicola da Tolentino, 1/B - Roma [email protected] A cura di: Dott. Piero Crociani Dott.ssa Ada Fichera Dott. Paolo Formiconi Hanno contribuito alla realizzazione del Congresso di studi storici internazionali CISM Ten. Col. Cosimo SCHINAIA Capo Sezione Documentazione Storica e Coordinamento dell’Ufficio Storico dello SMD Ten. Col. Fabrizio RIZZI Capo Sezione Archivio Storico dell’Ufficio Storico dello SMD CF. Fabio SERRA Addetto alla Sezione Documentazione Storica e Coordinamento dell’Ufficio Storico dello SMD 1° Mar. Giuseppe TRINCHESE Capo Segreteria dell’Ufficio Storico dello SMD Mar. Ca. Francesco D’AURIA Addetto alla Sezione Archivio Storico dell’Ufficio Storico dello SMD Mar. Ca. Giovanni BOMBA Addetto alla Sezione Documentazione Storica e Coordinamento dell’Ufficio Storico dello SMD ISBN: 978-88-98185-09-2 3 Presentazione Col. Matteo PAESANO1 Italia 1945-1955 la ricostruzione del Paese el 1945 il Paese è un cumulo di macerie con una bassissima produzione industriale -
Vedimento (ASP, PNF Di Mon- Tecatini Val Di Cecina, B
“La Spalletta”, 12 settembre 2015 DALLA MARCIA SU ROMA ALLA MVSN «Vittoria Fascista»: era questo il titolo di un articolo di fondo pubblicato il 5 novembre 1922 su “Il Corazziere” (a. XLI, n. 45): foglio che mai – occorre dirlo – aveva fatto mancare il suo sostegno al movimento fondato da Mussolini il 23 marzo 1919, prima, e poi al partito nato il 7 novembre del 1921: Il nostro giornale che ha seguito, con simpatia, con fiducia, con ammirazione fervida e sincera, il fascismo, fino dal suo sor- gere, ne celebra oggi la piena e assoluta vittoria con la più grande letizia e con la ferma sicurezza che esso saprà ottimamente ricostruire come efficacemente ha saputo compiere l’opera di santa demolizione. Alle Camice nere, al genio di Benito Mussolini – duce romanamente grande – l’Italia deve la sua salvezza e dovrà la sua rina- scita e il definitivo trionfo. I primi atti del nuovo Governo infondono un ritmo nuovo alla vita nazionale: il ritmo dei forti. Finalmente – dopo l’avvicendarsi di governi abulici, inerti, tentennanti, deboli – l’Italia – per merito di Vittorio Emanuele III – ha oggi alla sua testa un Uomo dal pugno di ferro e dalla mente superiore, un Uomo che è espressione pura e genui- na della nostra razza imperiale! Salutiamo in Benito Mussolini il continuatore dell’Italia di Vittorio Veneto; diamo a Benito Mussolini adesione piena, completa, entusiastica, incondizionata; stringiamoci concordi intorno al Fascismo trionfante: questo è il dovere di quanti hanno amore e rispetto per la Patria, affetto e devozione per il Sovrano: chi non sente questo dovere è un traditore. -
The Interjurisdictional Migration of European Authors of Liberty, 1660 – 1961: a Quantitative Analysis1
1 January 12, 2016 THE INTERJURISDICTIONAL MIGRATION OF EUROPEAN AUTHORS OF LIBERTY, 1660 – 1961: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS1 Niklas Potrafke2 Roland Vaubel3 Abstract Hume, Montesquieu and Kant were the first to suggest that the rise of liberty in Europe and the West has been due to political fragmentation and competition among rulers because the creative elites had the option of leaving the country in response to political repression. In this paper we estimate the extent to which emigrating authors of liberty actually reacted to such political and economic factors. We distinguish four types of repressive political events: restoration of an authoritarian monarchy, suppression of liberal protests, takeover by a totalitarian regime and occupation by a foreign repressive power. We test for additional explanations of emigration. Our sample of well-known authors of liberty includes 401 persons from twenty European countries in 1660 to 1961. Our logistic regressions yield the following main results. The repressive events did have significant and large effects on emigration with lags of up to five years. Emigration was also influenced by the author’s occupation and interjurisdictional income differentials. The probability of emigration was larger if the author was of middle age and lived in a small country but these effects were numerically small. The decision to emigrate was not affected by the author’s education. JEL classifications: F22, N33, Z18 _______________ 1 Acknowledgements: The authors thank Daniel Mannfeld, Felix Weber, Georg Arndt and Justina Fischer for tabulating the data and Justina Fischer and Jonathan Seiler for retrieving some of the data. We received helpful comments from Dennis Snower, David Stadelmann, Bengt-Arne Wickström and the participants of the World Public Choice Society Meetings 2012, the Silvaplana Workshop on Political Economy 2013, the CESifo Political Economy Workshop 2013 and two anonymous referees.