Bersaglieri Infantry Heroes in Italian History
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CENNI STORICI SUL COMANDO TRUPPE ALPINE Fondatore del Corpo degli Alpini, nel 1872, fu il Capitano Organigramma L'attuale Comando delle Truppe Alpine di Bolzano è nato, per la verità, a Bologna nel 1860 come 4° di Stato Maggiore Giuseppe Domenico Perrucchetti che, un Grande Comando. I suoi reparti combatterono prima contro gli Zuavi del Pontefice e poco dopo contro IL SANTUARIO DELLA MADONNA DEGLI ALPINI DI BOARIO TERME PRESIDENTE: Ten. Gen. Roberto SCARANARI i borbonici (1860-1861). Nel 1867 il 4° Grande Comando si trasforma in Comando Generale delle Truppe anno prima, aveva proposto ai suoi superiori la formazione DIRETTORE: Adriano SIGALA Attive della Media Italia, con sede a Pisa, e successivamente, nel 1870, in 4° Corpo dell'Esercito. di truppe speciali permanenti, da destinare alla difesa Il Santuario, dedicato alla Madonna degli Alpini, che è anche la chiesa VICE DIRETTORE: Riccardo BONU’ Dobbiamo arrivare al 1877 per trovare, a Piacenza, il Comando del IV° Corpo d'Armata. Nel 1915, quando dei valichi alpini e delle zone di frontiera. inizia la Prima Guerra Mondiale, nel IV° C.A. sono inquadrati 12 Battaglioni Bersaglieri e 14 Battaglioni parrocchiale di Boario Terme, è stato realizzato grazie alla tenacia del Furono costituite le prime 15 Compagnie Alpine, re- Alpini (Aosta, Cividale, Exilles, Intra, Ivrea, Pinerolo, Susa, Val Baltea, Val Cenischia, Val Dora, Val d'Orco, cappellano militare reduce di Russia don Guido Maurilio Turla, ma anche clutate soprattutto nelle regioni montane. Nel Distretto Comitato consultivo Val Natisone, Val Pellice e Val Toce). Nel 1919 si ricostituisce il IV° Corpo d'Armata che si era sciolto nel grazie alla generosità degli abitanti di Boario, degli Alpini d’Italia e degli 1917, prima nella sede di Genova, poi a Bologna e infine a Verona, nel 1925. -
Contribution of Greece to the Victory of the Allies During Ww Ii
CONTRIBUTION OF GREECE TO THE VICTORY OF THE ALLIES DURING WW II Lt Colonel of Engineering Panayiotis Spyropoulos Historian of the History Directorate of Hellenic Army General Staff The peninsula of Greece has, since antiquity, been a point of confrontation be- tween East and West, as it constitutes an area of utmost strategic value, situated on the flanks of the main axis of operations in East-West direction and vice-versa. Who- ever occupies Greece can effortlessly with his forces harass the flanks or even the rear of troops operating along the aforementioned axis, control the sea line of com- munication from Gibraltar to Suez, and block from the west the sea route from the Black Sea to Propontis (Marmara) Sea, the Hellespont (Straits), the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The geo-strategic value of Greece has been dramatically enhanced during the XXth century, due to the rapid technological development of war equipment (as per the quote of sir Halford Mackinder on the «Heartland»). During the 2nd World War, Italy launched the attack against Greece, without informing its ally, Germany. Berlin was enraged by the Italian action and considered it «totally incoherent» and mistimed, because it was initiated just before wintertime, a season unsuitable for mountain operations, as well as just before the elections in the (still neutral) USA, providing Roosevelt with even more convincing arguments for go- ing to war. Moreover, it criticised the Italians refraining from any seaborne operation, a fact that facilitated the British in debarking on Crete and other islands, significant for their strategic importance; while they left them the margin to deploy in Thessalo- nica. -
The Fiction of Gothic Egypt and British Imperial Paranoia: the Curse of the Suez Canal
The Fiction of Gothic Egypt and British Imperial Paranoia: The Curse of the Suez Canal AILISE BULFIN Trinity College, Dublin “Ah, my nineteenth-century friend, your father stole me from the land of my birth, and from the resting place the gods decreed for me; but beware, for retribution is pursuing you, and is even now close upon your heels.” —Guy Boothby, Pharos the Egyptian, 1899 What of this piercing of the sands? What of this union of the seas?… What good or ill from LESSEPS’ cut Eastward and Westward shall proceed? —“Latest—From the Sphinx,” Punch, 57 (27 November 1869), 210 IN 1859 FERDINAND DE LESSEPS began his great endeavour to sunder the isthmus of Suez and connect the Mediterranean with the Red Sea, the Occident with the Orient, simultaneously altering the ge- ography of the earth and irrevocably upsetting the precarious global balance of power. Ten years later the eyes of the world were upon Egypt as the Suez Canal was inaugurated amidst extravagant Franco-Egyp- tian celebrations in which a glittering cast of international dignitar- ies participated. That the opening of the canal would be momentous was acknowledged at the time, though the nature of its impact was a matter for speculation, as the question posed above by Punch implies. While its codevelopers France and Egypt pinned great hopes on the ca- nal, Britain was understandably suspicious of an endeavor that could potentially undermine its global imperial dominance—it would bring India nearer, but also make it more vulnerable to rival powers. The inauguration celebrations -
Gorizia, 1916 La Sesta Battaglia Dell’Isonzo
Gorizia, 1916 La Sesta Battaglia dell’Isonzo RULES OF PLAY v.1.3P INDEX 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 16.0 DISORGANIZATION 12 2.0 COMPONENTS 2 17.0 STEP LOSSES 12 3.0 GAME TERMS 3 18.0 TRENCHES 13 4.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY 4 19.0 ARTILLERY 13 5.0 SET UP 5 20.0 ISONZO RIVER 14 6.0 REINFORCEMENTS 5 21.0 REPLACEMENTS 14 7.0 LOGISTICS AND INITIATIVE 5 22.0 SPECIAL RULES 15 8.0 COMMAND 5 23.0 TWO HEX DEPLOYMENT 15 9.0 WEATHER CONDITIONS 6 24.0 FOG OF WAR 15 10.0 SUPPLY 6 25.0 VICTORY CONDITIONS 15 11.0 MOVEMENT 7 26.0 SCENARIOS OF “GORIZIA 1916” 16 11.1 TACTICAL MOVEMENT 7 SCENARIO 1: ISONZO BRIDGEHEAD 16 11.2 NON ACTIVATED UNIT MOVEMENT 7 SCENARIO 2: CARSO – KARST 17 11.3 FORCE MARCH 8 SCENARIO 3: THE CAMPAIGN GAME 19 12.0 STACKING 8 27.0 OPTIONAL RULES 21 13.0 COMBAT 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 21 13.1 ASSAULT DECLARATION 8 HISTORICAL NOTES 21 13.2 OFFENSIVE BOMBARDMENT 9 DESIGN NOTES 22 13.3 DEFENSIVE FIRE 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 23 13.4 ASSAULT STEP 10 CREDITS 23 13.5 COUNTER-ASSAULT STEP 11 DEDICATION 23 14.0 ACTIVATION COMPLETED 12 EVENTS TABLE 24 15.0 REACTION BY THE NON ACT. PLAYER 12 Europa Simulazioni © 2016 2 Gorizia, 1916 1.0 INTRODUCTION Combat Unit: Gorizia, 1916 is an operational level game simulating the Brigade name/color 1916 Summer offensive of the Italian forces against the Morale Value Austro-Hungarian bridgehead on the Isonzo River, the Division id Battalion/Regiment id city of Gorizia (Görz), just across the river, and the Carso Combat Factor Plateau, between Gorizia and the seashore. -
A Comparative Analysis of the Headscarf in France, Turkey, and the United States Hera Hashmi
University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class Volume 10 | Issue 2 Article 8 Too Much to Bare? A Comparative Analysis of the Headscarf in France, Turkey, and the United States Hera Hashmi Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/rrgc Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Hera Hashmi, Too Much to Bare? A Comparative Analysis of the Headscarf in France, Turkey, and the United States, 10 U. Md. L.J. Race Relig. Gender & Class 409 (2010). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/rrgc/vol10/iss2/8 This Notes & Comments is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TOO MUCH TO BARE? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HEADSCARF IN FRANCE, TURKEY, AND THE UNITED STATES BY HERA HASHMI* INTRODUCTION In July 2009, a man stabbed and killed a pregnant woman wearing a headscarf in a German courtroom during an appellate trial for his Islamophobic remarks against her.1 Her death led to outrage around the world, and she became known as the "martyr of the veil," a woman killed for her religious belief.2 Yet it was just a simple piece of cloth that evoked this violent reaction. Such Islamaphobic sentiments seem to be spreading throughout various parts of the world. In 2004, France banned headscarves and all conspicuous religious symbols from public classrooms.3 In 2005, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)4 upheld Turkey's headscarf ban barring thousands of headscarf-wearing women from attending schools, universities, and entering government buildings in a country where a majority of the population is Muslim. -
Glitter Text
All That Glitters – Spark and Dazzle from the Permananent Collection co-curated by Janine LeBlanc and Roger Manley Randy and Susan Woodson Gallery January 23 – July 12, 2020 Through the ages, every human society has demonstrated a fascination with shiny objects. Necklaces made of glossy marine snail shells have been dated back nearly 135,000 years, while shiny crystals have been found in prehistoric burials, suggesting the allure they once held for their original owners. The pageantry of nearly every religion has long been enhanced by dazzling displays, from the gilded statues of Buddhist temples and the gleaming mosaics of Muslim mosques and Byzantine churches, to the bejeweled altarpieces and reliquaries of Gothic cathedrals. As both kings and gods, Hawaiian and Andean royalty alike donned garments entirely covered with brilliant feathers to proclaim their significance, while their counterparts in other cultures wore crowns of gold and gems. High status and desirability have always been signaled by the transformative effects of reflected light. Recent research indicates that our brains may be hard-wired to associate glossy surfaces with water (tinyurl.com/glossy-as-water). If so, the impulse drawing us toward them may have evolved as a survival mechanism. There may also be subconscious associations with other survival necessities. Gold has been linked to fire or the sun, the source of heat, light, and plant growth. The glitter of beads or sequins may evoke nighttime stars needed for finding one’s way. The flash of jewels may recall an instinctive association with eyes. In jungles as well as open grasslands, both prey and predator can be so well camouflaged that only the glint of an eye might reveal a lurking presence. -
Jacklex Miniatures Painting Guide: French Intervention
Lowna House Gillamoor North Yorkshire YO62 7HU Tel: 07818 158494 [email protected] www.jacklexminiatures.com JACKLEX MINIATURES PAINTING GUIDE: FRENCH INTERVENTION IN MEXICO 1861-1867 A general guide to aid the wargamer get his armies skirmishing, battling and campaigning on the table! THE FRENCH ARMY FRENCH INFANTRY In 1860 Emperor Napoleon inspected the 56th Regiment in the new infantry uniform. Orders were then issued on 30 March 1860 for the rest of the Infantry to adopt it. Tunic. Dark blue short single-breasted tunic (habit-tunique). Yellow collar and cuff patches. Blue cuffs. Yellow piping on front edge, bottom and cuffs). Brass buttons. Epaulettes red for Grenadier company, yellow for Voltigeur and green with scarlet piping for Fusiliers. Grenadiers and Voltigeurs had red grenade and bugle horn respectively at the collar and turnbacks. Fusiliers yellow star at turnbacks. Chasseurs had plain blue collar, blue pointed cuffs piped yellow, white metal buttons and green epaulettes with yellow piping. Trousers. Madder red. Grey-blue with fine yellow stripe for Chasseurs. White linen or cotton in hot conditions. Fastened by buff or tan leggings. White short gaiters. Shako. Black, brass eagle plate with blue (centre) white and red cockade. Black chinstrap. Pompom (dark blue for 1st battalion, red 2nd red, green 3rd). Chasseurs green. Navy panama or M1858 kepi (red with dark blue band and piping. Chasseurs dark blue piped yellow) with off-white havelock cover in hot conditions. Belt Equipment. Black leather belt, straps, cartridge pouch and bayonet frog. Water bottle covered in grey-blue cloth. Off-white or fawn canvas haversack. -
THE TRANSFORMATION of the ARMED FORCES: the FORZA NEC PROGRAM Michele Nones,Alessandro Marrone
ISSN 2239-2122 5 Information Technology (IT) has had and will continue to have a deep impact on the T IAI Research Papers defence sector. The most advanced countries, not only the U.S. but also France, Great HE The IAI Research Papers are brief monographs written by one or Britain and Italy, over the past few years have undergone a transformation of their TRANSFORMATION more authors (IAI or external experts) on current problems of inter- N. 1 European Security and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, THE TRANSFORMATION Armed Forces aimed at exploiting the strategic advantages of IT. national politics and international relations. The aim is to promote edited by Riccardo Alcaro and Erik Jones, 2011 greater and more up to date knowledge of emerging issues and The goal pursued in Europe, and also promoted by NATO, is Network Enabled N. 2 Democracy in the EU after the Lisbon Treaty, Capability (NEC). That is combining equipment and soldiers, as well as dierent OF THE ARMED FORCES trends and help prompt public debate. edited by Raaello Matarazzo, 2011 doctrinal, procedural, technical and organizational elements, into a single network to : obtain their interaction in order to achieve substantial strategic superiority. In OF N. 3 The Challenges of State Sustainability in the Mediterranean, practice, this also occurs with a strong, ecient and secure telecommunications THE A non-prot organization, IAI was founded in 1965 by Altiero Spinelli, edited by Silvia Colombo and Nathalie Tocci, 2011 THE ORZA PROGRAM network, and through the netcentric modernization of Armed Forces’ capability and F NEC ARMED its rst director. -
'Something Is Wrong with Our Army…' Command, Leadership & Italian
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies ‘Something is wrong with our army…’ Command, Leadership & Italian Military Failure in the First Libyan Campaign, 1940-41. Dr. Craig Stockings There is no question that the First Libyan Campaign of 1940-41 was an Italian military disaster of the highest order. Within hours of Mussolini’s declaration of war British troops began launching a series of very successful raids by air, sea and land in the North African theatre. Despite such early setbacks a long-anticipated Italian invasion of Egypt began on 13 September 1940. After three days of ponderous and costly advance, elements of the Italian 10th Army halted 95 kilometres into Egyptian territory and dug into a series of fortified camps southwest of the small coastal village of Sidi Barrani. From 9-11 December, these camps were attacked by Western Desert Force (WDF) in the opening stages of Operation Compass – the British counter-offensive against the Italian invasion. Italian troops not killed or captured in the rout that followed began a desperate and disjointed withdrawal back over the Libyan border, with the British in pursuit. The next significant engagement of the campaign was at the port-village Bardia, 30 kilometres inside Libya, in the first week of 1941. There the Australian 6 Division, having recently replaced 4 Indian Division as the infantry component of WDF (now renamed 13 Corps), broke the Italian fortress and its 40,000 defenders with few casualties. The feat was repeated at the port of Tobruk, deeper into Libya, when another 27,000 Italian prisoners were taken. -
Tea for Interreligious Harmony? Cause Marketing As a New Field of Experimentation with Visual Secularity in India
Nadja-Christina Schneider Tea for Interreligious Harmony? Cause Marketing as a New Field of Experimentation with Visual Secularity in India Working Paper #20 Working Paper Series of the HCAS “Multiple Secularities – Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities” #20: Nadja-Christina Schneider. “Tea for Interreligious Harmony? Cause Marketing as a New Field of Experimentation with Visual Secularity in India.”Leipzig University, 2020. © Nadja-Christina Schneider This Working Paper has been published online and can be downloaded from www.multiple-secularities.de/publications/working-papers or ordered in print via email to [email protected] The HCAS’s Working Paper Series serves to disseminate the results of work in progress prior to publication to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Paper Series should not limit publica- tion in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. Please cite as: Schneider, Nadja-Christina. “Tea for Interreligious Harmony? Cause Marketing as a New Field of Experimentation with Visual Secularity in India.” Working Paper Series of the HCAS “Multiple Secularities – Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities” 20. Leipzig University, 2020. Leipzig University HCAS “Multiple Secularities – Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities“ Nikolaistraße 8–10 04109 Leipzig Germany The HCAS is part of Leipzig University and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................3 -
Fulfilling the Promise of Free Exercise for All: Muslim Prisoner Accomodations in State Prisons
FREE EXERCISE REPORT JULY 2019 FULFILLING THE PROMISE OF FREE EXERCISE FOR ALL: Muslim Prisoner Accommodation in State Prisons 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 4 I. METHODOLOGY: A Multi-Faceted Examination of Free Exercise Conditions in State Prisons ............................................................................................................................................. 7 A. State Religious Preference Data: 35-Jurisdiction Response ........................................................... 7 B. Database of 163 Recent Federal Cases Brought by Muslim Plaintiffs Alleging Free Exercise Violations ................................................................................................................................... 7 C. Religious Services Policies and Handbooks: 50-State Survey ........................................................ 8 II. BACKGROUND: Muslim Free Exercise History and Today’s Legal Regime ......................... 9 A. Early America and the Preservation of African Muslim Practices Under Conditions of Slavery ........................................................................................................................................ 9 B. Muslim Prisoners Spearhead Prison Conditions Litigation in the 1960s and 1970s .................... 10 C. Courts Reduce Prisoners’ Free Exercise Protection in the 80s and Early 90s .............................. 12 D. Congress -
Youth, Gender, and Education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 Jennifer L
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2015 The model of masculinity: Youth, gender, and education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 Jennifer L. Nehrt James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the European History Commons, History of Gender Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Nehrt, Jennifer L., "The model of masculinity: Youth, gender, and education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939" (2015). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 66. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/66 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Model of Masculinity: Youth, Gender, and Education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 _______________________ An Honors Program Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Arts and Letters James Madison University _______________________ by Jennifer Lynn Nehrt May 2015 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of History, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors Program. FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS PROGRAM APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Jessica Davis, Ph.D. Philip Frana, Ph.D., Associate Professor, History Interim Director, Honors Program Reader: Emily Westkaemper, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, History Reader: Christian Davis, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, History PUBLIC PRESENTATION This work is accepted for presentation, in part or in full, at Honors Symposium on April 24, 2015.