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Consensus for Mussolini? Popular Opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943)
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND CULTURES Department of History PhD in Modern History Consensus for Mussolini? Popular opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943) Supervisor: Prof. Sabine Lee Student: Marco Tiozzo Fasiolo ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of Birmingham is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of my words. 3 Abstract The thesis focuses on the response of Venice province population to the rise of Fascism and to the regime’s attempts to fascistise Italian society. -
«Fu Turati a Trasformare Mussolini in Mito Vivente»
GIORNALE DI BRESCIA · Martedì 26 novembre 2019 37 CULTURA&SPETTACOLI [email protected] «Storie bresciane» L’uomo del Partito fascista Boochani: «Le Sabato 30 al Sociale parole sono con letture di Cabra più potenti BRESCIA. «Augusto Turati, il Fascista» è il terzo appuntamento della rassegna «Storie bresciane», promossa da Ctb e delle sbarre» Centro studi Rsi. Sabato 30 novembre, alle 10.30, sul palco del Sociale in via Cavallotti 20 in città, interverrà Emilio Gentile, storico del fascismo, professore emerito dell’Università di Roma La Lo scrittore curdo, da poco uscito Sapienza. Letture a cura di Fausto Cabra. Biglietti (5 euro) in vendita alla dalla detenzione a Manus Island, il biglietteria del teatro, al punto vendita Ctb in piazza Loggia 6 e su vivaticket.it. 28 si racconterà a Brescia via Skype L’ultimo incontro, sabato 7 dicembre alle 10.30 con lo storico Roberto Chiarini, coordinatore scientifico dell’iniziativa, così imprigionato nell’isola di sarà dedicato a Giuseppe Zanardelli. Festival della Pace Manus, dove centinaia di pro- fughi affollano il centro di de- tenzione costruito nella fore- travagliato da una grave crisi dopo Sarà una delle prime appari- sta, costretti a vivere in condi- l’ascesa al potere e soprattutto dopo zioni pubbliche da uomo libe- zioni umilianti, afflitti dalla fa- l’assassinio di Giacomo Matteotti. ro,quella che attende a Brescia me, in una situazione igienica Farinacci aveva costruito un partito Behrouz Boochani, lo scrittore degradata, disidratati dal cal- totalitario il cui segretario, nella sua curdocheda pochi giorni hala- do umido, perseguitati dal sole concezione, avrebbe dovuto essere una sciato il centro di detenzione tropicale «più spietato del figura parallela rispetto al capo del di Manus Island,in Papua Nuo- mondo». -
L'inizio Del Regime Fascista 1925-1929
2 Capitolo 1 L’inizio del regime fascista 1925-1929 3 1. L’antifascismo nel 1925 Agli inizi del gennaio 1925, il prefetto sciolse la sezione parmense di Italia Libera, il movimento che, fondato alla fine del 1923, aveva coagulato un antifascismo di matrice combattentistica, collegandosi alle idealità dell’interventismo democratico; da mesi, gli aderenti al movimento subivano i provvedimenti repressivi del prefetto1. Italia Libera, che fu in un primo momento un’associazione pubblica e divenne poi clandestina, aveva in particolare reclutato aderenti, su scala parmense, fra gli iscritti dell’Associazione Nazionale Combattenti (ANC) e aveva raccolto soprattutto repubblicani e sindacalisti rivoluzionari, ma anche socialisti riformisti, socialisti ufficiali e comunisti. Movimento di piccola e media borghesia, a Parma tale formazione antifascista rivelava anche l’apporto di strati operai provenienti dal sindacalismo rivoluzionario e dal repubblicanesimo. Dopo il delitto Matteotti, Italia Libera si era sviluppata sensibilmente su scala nazionale e locale; inoltre, nell’estate del 1924, si era formata l’Unione Goliardica della 1 Su Italia Libera in generale, v. Luciano Zani, Italia Libera. Il primo movimento antifascista clandestino (1923-1925), Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1975, da integrarsi con L. Zani, L’Italia Libera, in Il partito politico dalla grande guerra al fascismo. Crisi della rappresentanza e riforma dello Stato nell’età dei sistemi politici di massa (1918-1925), a cura di Fabio Grassi Orsini e Gaetano Quagliariello, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1996. Nel primo saggio, Zani fornisce anche informazioni sulla sezione di Parma da cui, nella nostra ricostruzione, in parte ci discostiamo. Sulla fondazione di Italia Libera a Parma, «Il Piccolo», 1° gennaio 1924, “La costituzione del gruppo ‘Italia Libera’ ”. -
American Sympathizers with Italian Fascism A
The Machine Has a Soul: American Sympathizers with Italian Fascism A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History By Catherine Susan Mary Hull, M.A. Washington, DC December 12, 2017 Copyright 2018 by Catherine Susan Mary Hull All Rights Reserved ii THE MACHINE HAS A SOUL: AMERICAN SYMPATHIZERS WITH ITALIAN FASCISM Catherine Susan Mary Hull, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Michael Kazin, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Americans across the political and cultural spectrum sympathized with Italian fascism in the interwar years. This dissertation demonstrates that American fascist sympathizers believed that Italy was coping better with the challenges of modernity than the United States. Fascist sympathizers argued that fascist squads revived older values of service and honor, even as Mussolini kept pace with a fast-moving society. They claimed that the corporate state was an up-to-date form of government, which protected Italians from the worst effects of the global depression. And, as the fascist state became increasingly totalitarian, they represented Italy as a place where men and women could transcend the grit and grind of modern life to find inner peace. American fascist sympathizers had various goals when they invoked Italy’s apparent successes in managing the challenges of modernity. First, they aimed to expose faults in their own society: the numbing effects of standardization; the erosion of higher ideals; the failure of government to protect Americans from the ravages of industrialization. Second, they suggested solutions to the United States’ problems: the reform of government to promote expertise in policymaking; and measures to create jobs and support the return to a simpler life. -
The Biographies of All Loc-Members
HJ'.' coil 43 The Biographies of all lOC-Members Part VIII No. 142 | Miguel Moises SAENZ | Mexico IOC member: No. 142 Replacing Gomez de Paranda Born: 13 Ferbuary 1888, Monterrey/Mexico Died: 24 October 1941, Lima/Peru Co-opted: 25 July 1928 Resigned: 7 June 1933 Attendance at Session Present: 0 Absent: 4 As a distinguished student at local schools and Colleges he was given a government graut to continue his studies abroad. He attended Washington & Jefferson and Columbia University in America and the Sorbonne in Paris. He obtained a Bachelor of Science degree at Washington & Jefferson and a Bachelor of Arts degree at Columbia. On his return to Mexico, he held va rious g overnment posts in the field of education which led to his being appointed the Minister of Education. He spent time studying the habits of the indigenous Indians in Canada and later in South America where he visited Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. He wrote books an his ex periences in both locations. In 1934 he was appointed Ambassador to Ecuador, the following year he became Ambassador to Denmark and in 1937 he was made Ambassador to Peru. This proved to be his final diplomatic post as he died in Lima four years after his appointment. He was the organiser of Mexico's first Olympic c participation in 1924 and of the Central American Games in 1926. Although he was unable to attend any of the four IOC Sessions held during his mandate he was the first Mexican IOC member who truly embraced the Spirit of Olym pism. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE August 2019 PERSONAL INFORMATION Spencer M. Di Scala Professor Emeritus History Department University of Massachusetts Boston 100 Morrissey Blvd. Boston, MA 02125 Tel.: (617) 287-6860; Fax: (617) 287-6899; e-mail: [email protected]; Website: www.spencerdiscala.com EDUCATION B.A. History Queens College, CUNY 1962 M.A. History Columbia University 1963 Ph.D. History Columbia University 1969 TEACHING EXPERIENCE Full Professor University of Massachusetts, Boston 1986-2018 Research Professor University of Massachusetts, Boston 1997 Associate Professor University of Massachusetts, Boston 1975-86 Assistant Professor University of Massachusetts, Boston 1970-75 Instructor and Assistant Professor University of Kentucky 1967-70 VISITING PROFESSORSHIPS LUISS (Free International University of the Social Science), Rome, Italy, Spring 2011 University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Fall 2011 Teaching Areas Italian history, Renaissance to present; Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Europe; World War I; World War II; Contemporary Europe; European Political Thought, 1815-Present; Italian American; Fascism; Socialism 1 Courses Taught History of Italy; Italian-American; Nineteenth Century Europe; Twentieth Century Europe (Europe 1900-1945; Europe Since 1945); Marxism; European Political Thought; Contemporary Europe; Mussolini and Fascism; World War I; World War II; Fascism; Socialism; The Atomic Bomb; Revolutions in the Modern World; Europe Between the Wars; Italian-American; Foundations of Western Civilization; Contemporary Western Civilization. Online Teaching I have won awards for my teaching, my development and of online courses, and innovative pedagogy (UCEA Excellence in Teaching National Award, 2007; UCEA New England Region Award, 2006). Since 2003 I have taught upper division online courses on Modern Italy, Mussolini and Fascism, nineteenth century Europe, twentieth century Europe, 1900-1945, and twentieth century Europe since 1945. -
Italian Fascism, 1915–1945, Second Edition
Italian Fascism, 1915–1945 Second Edition Philip Morgan Italian Fascism, 1915–1945 The Making of the 20th Century David Armstrong, Lorna From Versailles to Maastricht: International Lloyd and John Redmond Organisation in the Twentieth Century V.R. Berghahn Germany and the Approach of War in 1914, 2nd edition Raymond F. Betts France and Decolonisation, 1900–1960 John Darwin Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World Ann Lane Yugoslavia: When Ideals Collide Robert Mallett Mussolini and the Origins of the Second World War, 1933–1940 Sally Marks The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe, 1918–1933, 2nd edition Philip Morgan Italian Fascism, 1915–1945, 2nd edition A.J. Nicholls Weimar and the Rise of Hitler, 4th edition R.A.C. Parker Chamberlain and Appeasement: British Policy and the Coming of the Second World War Anita J. Prazmowska Eastern Europe and the Origins of the Second World War G. Roberts The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War Alan Sharp The Versailles Settlement: Peacemaking in Paris, 1919 Zara S. Steiner and Britain and the Origins of the First World War, Keith Neilson 2nd edition Samuel R. Williamson Austria–Hungary and the Origins of the First World War R. Young France and the Origins of the Second World War Italian Fascism, 1915–1945 Second Edition Philip Morgan © Philip Morgan 2004 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. -
Us Military Intelligence Reports: Italy, 1918-1941
U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS: ITALY 1918-1941 A Guide to U.S. MILITARY INTELLIGENCE REPORTS: ITALY, 1918-1941 Edited by Dale Reynolds A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 44 North Market Street • Frederick, MD 21701 NOTE ON SOURCES The documents in this collection can be found at the National Archives, Washington, D.C., Record Group #165, Military Intelligence Division Files: Italy. Copyright © 1985 by University Publications of America All rights reserved. ISNB 0-89093-663-3. TABLE OF CONTENTS Reel Index Reel I Military Affairs 1 Reel II Military Affairs cont 7 Reel III Military Affairs cont 11 Reel IV M ilitary Affairs cont 15 Reel V Military Affairs cont 19 Reel VI Military-Political Affairs 25 Reel VII Military-Political Affairs cont 32 Reel VIII Military-Political Affairs cont 35 Reel IX Military-Aviation 37 Subject Index 41 REEL INDEX Reel I Military Affairs 0001 Report: Order of Battle, Italian Front. February 2, 1918. 14pp. 0015 Report: Czechoslovakian Movement and Army. May 14, 1918. 6pp. 0021 Report: Situation on the Italian Front. May 1, 1918. 4pp. 0025 Report: Czechoslovakian Army Organization. June I, 1918. 2pp. 0027 Report: Military Situation, Italian Front. June 11, 1918. 4pp. 0031 Report: Enemy Prisoners of War. June 18, 1918. Ip. 0032 Report: Italian-Czechoslovak Convention. July 2, 1918. 5pp. 0037 Report: Army Organization. August 6, 1918. 4pp. 0041 Report: Occupation of Albania. August 6, 1918. 7pp. 0048 Report: Aid to Families of Soldiers Killed. September 18, 1918. 2pp. 0050 Report: Military Manpower. October 18, 1918. 6pp. 0056 Report: The Battle of Vittorio. -
Architecture As Propaganda in Twentieth-Century Totalitarian Regimes
Architecture as propaganda in twentieth-century totalitarian regimes History and heritage Edited by Håkan Hökerberg Published with the aid of grants from Fondazione Famiglia Rausing Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse Åke Wibergs Stiftelse Translations by Penelope Eades, Francesco Gagliardi, Neele Reimann-Philipp, Anke Timmermann. All articles (except the introduction chapter) were submitted to a double-blind peer review. The English text was revised by Rebecca Montague. www.polistampa.com © 2018 EDIZIONI POLISTAMPA Via Livorno, 8/32 - 50142 Firenze Tel. 055 737871 (15 linee) [email protected] - www.leonardolibri.com ISBN 978-88-596-1835-5 Contents 7 Introduction Håkan Hökerberg 19 National tradition! What national tradition? - Historiographical debates on fascism in Italy and Germany from 1945 to the post-Cold War period Stefan Berger 35 Giuseppe Pagano and Casabella. In defence of modern Italian architecture Antonello Alici 59 Marcello Piacentini: A case of controversial heritage Hannah Malone 81 The fascist memory of the war and its legacy. Two cases: The Redipuglia War Memorial and the Ara Pacis of Medea Paolo Nicoloso 107 Fascism/Urbanism: Town, New-Town, Non-Town Raffaele Giannantonio 133 The Italian, Soviet Union and German pavilions in International Exhibitions 1925-1939 Giorgio Ciucci 167 Berlin Mitte: The product of two dictatorships Harald Bodenschatz 185 The reconstruction of Spain in the post-war period. The Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas Manuel Blanco 6CONTENTS 219 Slovenia in a Yugoslavian context – practising architecture -
Tabellen Und Übersichten
Anhang Tabellen und Übersichten Ergebnisse der Parlaments wählen 1921 (Prozentzahlen) Blocco Liberali ι PPI PRI PSI PCd'I nazionale dissidenti Prov. Massa-Carrara 22,2 8,1 21,1 18,1 22,7 7,6 Carrara 25,3 0,3 1,7 50,5 16,6 5,6 Massa 8,4 5,7 22,3 30,5 20,7 12,4 Pietrasanta 29,1 2,7 23,4 6,2 18,3 20,3 Seravezza 7,2 0,5 41,7 3,1 33,3 14,9 Sarzana 27,0 - 6,2 5,0 47,1 13,3 Pontremoli 10,3 0,6 40,3 3,6 40,5 4,7 Quelle: Bianchi, Lotte sociali, S. 154 -156. Ergebnisse der Parlaments wählen 1921 im Gemeindegebiet von 1 Carrara nach Stimmbezirken Blocco Liberali nazionale dissidenti PPI PRI PSI PCd'I Carrara città absolut 919 4 55 942 626 107 Prozent 34,6 0,2 2,1 35,5 23,6 4,0 Gragnana, absolut 17 _ 1 188 15 51 Castelpoggio Prozent 6,3 - 0,4 69,1 5,5 18,8 Torano, absolut 72 _ 4 39 33 77 Miseglia Prozent 32,0 - 1,8 17,3 14,7 34,2 Bedizzano, absolut 52 11 22 77 103 18 Colonnata Prozent 18,4 3,9 7,8 27,2 36,4 6,4 Montia, absolut 75 1 4 91 26 24 Sorgnano Prozent 33,9 0,5 1,8 41,2 11,8 10,9 Codena, absolut 62 _ 1 91 7 17 Bergiola Prozent 34,8 - 0,6 51,1 3,9 9,6 Fossola, Fontia, absolut 78 _ 14 394 95 14 Pontecimato Prozent 13,1 - 2,4 66,2 16,0 2,4 Fabbrica, Mela- absolut 46 _ 4 91 25 14 ra, S. -
Queering European Sexualities Through Italy's Fascist Past
Queering European Sexualities Through Italy’s Fascist Past What's Queer about Europe?: Productive Encounters and Re-enchanting Paradigms Mireille Rosello and Sudeep Dasgupta Print publication date: 2014 Print ISBN-13: 9780823255351 Published to Fordham Scholarship Online: September 2014 DOI: 10.5422/fordham/9780823255351.001.0001 Queering European Sexualities Through Italy’s Fascist Past Colonialism, Homosexuality, and Masculinities Sandra Ponzanesi DOI:10.5422/fordham/9780823255351.003.0005 Abstract and Keywords The promise of exotic and sensuous experiences lured European men away to the colonies. The colonies were also seen as a space of sexual liberation for people who did not fit European sexual norms. Within Europe, the responses to sexual dissidence have been far more diverse than acknowledged till now. In the case of Italy, the belated colonial experience in Eastern Africa coincided with fascist propaganda that cultivated a model of masculine virility. Yet the cult of the exposed healthy and athletic body harboured some contradictions. The chapter analyses the colonial response to same-sex relationships in the colonies, including the question of racial difference. A consideration of the racial and sexual politics in colonial East Africa will also be linked to contemporary theorizations of sex tourism, before the essay closes with an evaluation of how the above analyses might help reshape Queer Theory and an imaginary of Europe. Keywords: Italy, Colonialism, East Africa, Fascism, Masculinity In Italy, Ettore Scola’s film A Special Day (Italy, 1977) left an indelible mark and continues to be acknowledged as a masterpiece that transcends national cultures and cinematographic traditions. Set at the time of Italian fascism during the 1930s, the film takes radical positions on love and politics. -
The Republic of Parties: from Singular to Plural in the 1948 Italian Constitution
The Republic of Parties: From Singular to Plural in the 1948 Italian Constitution benedetta barbisan 1. When Political Parties and the Constitution the Resistance. The national flag might have Met: How To Make a Form of Government sufficed against the Germans, but, against Deliberately Inefficient and Unstable Mussolini’s puppet Fascist Social Republic in the North and the royal dictatorship in To understand what occurred in the the South, Italians needed a new banner of proceedings of the Constituent Assembly1 democracy that only the committees could and how the new form of government was champion. Symbolising the democratic engineered, we need to start our story political unity of the country, the CLN was «the most important political innovation of before, in fact from the so called svolta di 2 Salerno (turning point of Salerno) in April the Resistance» . The CLN was composed of the Commu- 1944, when the leader of the Communist nist Party (PCI), the Socialist Party (PSI- Party, Palmiro Togliatti, put forward the idea UP), the Action Party (Pd’A), the Christian of a compromise between antifascist parties Democratic Party (DC), the Labor Dem- gathered in the CLN, the House of Savoy ocrats (LD) and the Liberal Party (PLI), and the Prime Minister, Marshal Pietro each accorded an equal voice. During the Badoglio, to create the first government of years of the exile in France, the antifascist national unity since Mussolini’s deposition. groups had attempted to stay together, but In the late summer 1943 – after the fall in 1933 the effort had definitively failed. It of the fascist regime caused by the Grand was immediately after the armistice, then, Council of Fascism passing a vote of no that the CLN self-attributed a true constit- confidence against Mussolini –, a network uent power in the guise of an original public of committees mushroomed in several cit- institution3.