The Biographies of All Loc-Members
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THE WESTERN ALLIES' RECONSTRUCTION of GERMANY THROUGH SPORT, 1944-1952 by Heather L. Dichter a Thesis Subm
SPORTING DEMOCRACY: THE WESTERN ALLIES’ RECONSTRUCTION OF GERMANY THROUGH SPORT, 1944-1952 by Heather L. Dichter A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, University of Toronto © Copyright by Heather L. Dichter, 2008 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-57981-7 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-57981-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
A Historical and Legal Study of Sovereignty in the Canadian North : Terrestrial Sovereignty, 1870–1939
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2014 A historical and legal study of sovereignty in the Canadian north : terrestrial sovereignty, 1870–1939 Smith, Gordon W. University of Calgary Press "A historical and legal study of sovereignty in the Canadian north : terrestrial sovereignty, 1870–1939", Gordon W. Smith; edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2014 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/50251 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca A HISTORICAL AND LEGAL STUDY OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE CANADIAN NORTH: TERRESTRIAL SOVEREIGNTY, 1870–1939 By Gordon W. Smith, Edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer ISBN 978-1-55238-774-0 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at ucpress@ ucalgary.ca Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specificwork without breaching the artist’s copyright. -
I Within the Party
J'he fuse .\ Rule oi Sinsle P:rrtr- St:rtcs King-retained his o The statuto remained ltaly's constihrtion and the ' Mussolini was p"riti,ons as Head of stat'e and Commander-in-Chief. hesignated Head of Government and Duce of the Fascist Party. were still dominated o The civil service, including the prefects, and police " Bocchini, a tt;";eer-offici-aLs, rather tXan by Fascists; for ixample, Arturo l|rr nbn-Fascist, was Chief of Police (1926-40). (from 783,000 in 1923 to o The PNF',s membership expanded massively GT-I I,85i.,000 by 1934) and'mosl of those joining were careerists ancl public of officials. Consequently, the PNF became increasingly an organisation bureaucrats and'proie-ssionals,rather than militant activists. ;! over the Mussolini now created a personal dictatorship, extending his control Party bY: Fascist EI:I o Appointing Roberto Farinacci,one of the Ras,in 1925 as PNF SecretarY with instructions to impose greater discipline on the unrulY elements .I within the PartY. lEI o sacking Farinacci as PNF Secretary(April 1926) when Farinacci proved :I too independent-minded. t:qll:: o Appointing the compliant-Augusto Turati as PNF Secretary!o Farinacci.furati then set about, over the next three years,purging 60,000 :I FI members of the PNF. Most of those expelled were radicals or militant Mussolini loyalist, Achille squad members. During th9 l!3^0s unolh"r Starace,occupied the post of PNF Secretary' ;! were to be appointed o- A Party statuteof 7926laiddown that all.party posts from u'bo,u"(PNF headquartersin Rome),rather than electedfrom below or appointed by local Fascistbosses. -
Olympic Charter 1956
THE OLYMPIC GAMES CITIUS - ALTIUS - FORTIUS 1956 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE CAMPAGNE MON REPOS LAUSANNE (SWITZERLAND) THE OLYMPIC GAMES FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES RULES AND REGULATIONS GENERAL INFORMATION CITIUS - ALTIUS - FORTIUS PIERRE DE GOUBERTIN WHO REVIVED THE OLYMPIC GAMES President International Olympic Committee 1896-1925. THE IMPORTANT THING IN THE OLYMPIC GAMES IS NOT TO WIN BUT TO TAKE PART, AS THE IMPORTANT THING IN LIFE IS NOT THE TRIUMPH BUT THE STRUGGLE. THE ESSENTIAL THING IS NOT TO HAVE CONQUERED BUT TO HAVE FOUGHT WELL. INDEX Nrs Page I. 1-8 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 9 II. HULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 9 Objects and Powers II 10 Membership 11 12 President and Vice-Presidents 12 13 The Executive Board 12 17 Chancellor and Secretary 14 18 Meetings 14 20 Postal Vote 15 21 Subscription and contributions 15 22 Headquarters 15 23 Supreme Authority 15 III. 24-25 NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEES 16 IV. GENERAL RULES OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES 26 Definition of an Amateur 19 27 Necessary conditions for wearing the colours of a country 19 28 Age limit 19 29 Participation of women 20 30 Program 20 31 Fine Arts 21 32 Demonstrations 21 33 Olympic Winter Games 21 34 Entries 21 35 Number of entries 22 36 Number of Officials 23 37 Technical Delegates 23 38 Officials and Jury 24 39 Final Court of Appeal 24 40 Penalties in case of Fraud 24 41 Prizes 24 42 Roll of Honour 25 43 Explanatory Brochures 25 44 International Sport Federations 25 45 Travelling Expenses 26 46 Housing 26 47 Attaches 26 48 Reserved Seats 27 49 Photographs and Films 28 50 Alteration of Rules and Official text 28 V. -
Consensus for Mussolini? Popular Opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943)
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND CULTURES Department of History PhD in Modern History Consensus for Mussolini? Popular opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943) Supervisor: Prof. Sabine Lee Student: Marco Tiozzo Fasiolo ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of Birmingham is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of my words. 3 Abstract The thesis focuses on the response of Venice province population to the rise of Fascism and to the regime’s attempts to fascistise Italian society. -
«Fu Turati a Trasformare Mussolini in Mito Vivente»
GIORNALE DI BRESCIA · Martedì 26 novembre 2019 37 CULTURA&SPETTACOLI [email protected] «Storie bresciane» L’uomo del Partito fascista Boochani: «Le Sabato 30 al Sociale parole sono con letture di Cabra più potenti BRESCIA. «Augusto Turati, il Fascista» è il terzo appuntamento della rassegna «Storie bresciane», promossa da Ctb e delle sbarre» Centro studi Rsi. Sabato 30 novembre, alle 10.30, sul palco del Sociale in via Cavallotti 20 in città, interverrà Emilio Gentile, storico del fascismo, professore emerito dell’Università di Roma La Lo scrittore curdo, da poco uscito Sapienza. Letture a cura di Fausto Cabra. Biglietti (5 euro) in vendita alla dalla detenzione a Manus Island, il biglietteria del teatro, al punto vendita Ctb in piazza Loggia 6 e su vivaticket.it. 28 si racconterà a Brescia via Skype L’ultimo incontro, sabato 7 dicembre alle 10.30 con lo storico Roberto Chiarini, coordinatore scientifico dell’iniziativa, così imprigionato nell’isola di sarà dedicato a Giuseppe Zanardelli. Festival della Pace Manus, dove centinaia di pro- fughi affollano il centro di de- tenzione costruito nella fore- travagliato da una grave crisi dopo Sarà una delle prime appari- sta, costretti a vivere in condi- l’ascesa al potere e soprattutto dopo zioni pubbliche da uomo libe- zioni umilianti, afflitti dalla fa- l’assassinio di Giacomo Matteotti. ro,quella che attende a Brescia me, in una situazione igienica Farinacci aveva costruito un partito Behrouz Boochani, lo scrittore degradata, disidratati dal cal- totalitario il cui segretario, nella sua curdocheda pochi giorni hala- do umido, perseguitati dal sole concezione, avrebbe dovuto essere una sciato il centro di detenzione tropicale «più spietato del figura parallela rispetto al capo del di Manus Island,in Papua Nuo- mondo». -
The University of Chicago Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO SMUGGLER STATES: POLAND, LATVIA, ESTONIA, AND CONTRABAND TRADE ACROSS THE SOVIET FRONTIER, 1919-1924 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY ANDREY ALEXANDER SHLYAKHTER CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2020 Илюше Abstract Smuggler States: Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Contraband Trade Across the Soviet Frontier, 1919-1924 What happens to an imperial economy after empire? How do economics, security, power, and ideology interact at the new state frontiers? Does trade always break down ideological barriers? The eastern borders of Poland, Latvia, and Estonia comprised much of the interwar Soviet state’s western frontier – the focus of Moscow’s revolutionary aspirations and security concerns. These young nations paid for their independence with the loss of the Imperial Russian market. Łódź, the “Polish Manchester,” had fashioned its textiles for Russian and Ukrainian consumers; Riga had been the Empire’s busiest commercial port; Tallinn had been one of the busiest – and Russians drank nine-tenths of the potato vodka distilled on Estonian estates. Eager to reclaim their traditional market, but stymied by the Soviet state monopoly on foreign trade and impatient with the slow grind of trade talks, these countries’ businessmen turned to the porous Soviet frontier. The dissertation reveals how, despite considerable misgivings, their governments actively abetted this traffic. The Polish and Baltic struggles to balance the heady profits of the “border trade” against a host of security concerns shaped everyday lives and government decisions on both sides of the Soviet frontier. -
CHAPTER 1 SPECIAL AGENTS, SPECIAL THREATS: Creating the Office of the Chief Special Agent, 1914-1933
CHAPTER 1 SPECIAL AGENTS, SPECIAL THREATS: Creating the Office of the Chief Special Agent, 1914-1933 CHAPTER 1 8 SPECIAL AGENTS, SPECIAL THREATS Creating the Office of the Chief Special Agent, 1914-1933 World War I created a diplomatic security crisis for the United States. Under Secretary of State Joseph C. Grew afterwards would describe the era before the war as “diplomatic serenity – a fool’s paradise.” In retrospect, Grew’s observation indicates more the degree to which World War I altered how U.S. officials perceived diplomatic security than the actual state of pre-war security.1 During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Department had developed an effective set of security measures; however, those measures were developed during a long era of trans-Atlantic peace (there had been no major multi-national wars since Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo in 1814). Moreover, those measures were developed for a nation that was a regional power, not a world power exercising influence in multiple parts of the world. World War I fundamentally altered international politics, global economics, and diplomatic relations and thrust the United States onto the world stage as a key world power. Consequently, U.S. policymakers and diplomats developed a profound sense of insecurity regarding the content of U.S. Government information. The sharp contrast between the pre- and post-World War I eras led U.S. diplomats like Grew to cast the pre-war era in near-idyllic, carefree terms, when in fact the Department had developed several diplomatic security measures to counter acknowledged threats. -
Estonia Today
80 YEARS OF JUNE DEPORTATIONS 1. 80 YEARS OF JUNE DEPORTATIONS In June 1941, within one week about 95 000 people from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Bessarabia (Moldova) were deported to the Soviet Union. This mass operation was carried out simultaneously in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia – between 14 and 17 June 1941. The operation saw the arrest of all people who were still at liberty and considered a thorn in the side of the occupying forces, mainly members of the political, military and economic elite who had been instrumental in building the independence of their states. They were taken to prison camps where most of them were executed or perished within a year. Their family members, including elderly people and children, were arrested alongside them, and they were subsequently separated and deported to the “distant regions” of the Soviet Union with extremely harsh living conditions. To cover their tracks, the authorities also sent a certain number of criminals to the camps. Prologue • As a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on 23 August 1939, the Soviet Union occupied Estonia in June 1940. • Preparations for the launch of communist terror in civil society were made already before the occupation. As elsewhere, its purpose was to suppress any possible resistance of the society from the very beginning and to instil fear in people to rule out any organised resistance movement in the future. • The decision to carry out this mass operation was made at the suggestion of Soviet State Security chiefs Lavrentiy Beria and Vsevolod Merkolov in Moscow on 16 May 1941. -
Appendix: British Olympic Association Senior Office-Holders
Appendix: British Olympic Association Senior Office-Holders Presidents Duke of Sutherland – Viscount Portal – Duke of Beaufort – Marquess of Exeter – Lord Rupert Nevill – HRH the Princess Royal, Princess Anne – Chairmen Lord Desborough – Duke of Somerset – Lord Downham – Reverend R. S. de Courcy Laffan (Acting) – Earl Cadogan – Lord Rochdale – Sir Harold Bowden – Viscount Portal – Lord Burghley (Marquess of Exeter from ) – Lord Rupert Nevill – Sir Denis Follows – Charles Palmer – Sir Arthur Gold – Craig Reedie – Lord Moynihan – Lord Coe - Hon. Secretaries Reverend R. S. de Courcy Laffan – Flying Officer A. J. Adams – Brigadier R. J. Kentish – Evan A. Hunter – K. S. Duncan – General Secretaries K. S. Duncan – G. M. Sparkes – R. W. Palmer – Chief Executives Simon Clegg – Andy Hunt – Bill Sweeney – DOI: 10.1057/9781137363428.0012 Select Bibliography (Place of publication is London unless otherwise specified) Primary Sources 1. Unpublished Primary Sources The National Archives, Kew Cabinet (CAB) Department of the Environment (AT) Foreign Office (FO) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Prime Minister’s papers (PREM) Ministry/Department of Education (ED) Private papers Philip Noel-Baker, Churchill College, Cambridge Lord Desborough, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies, Aylesbury Lord Wolfenden, Reading University Organisations British Olympic Association, University of East London Conservative Party, Bodleian Library, Oxford Labour Party, National Museum of Labour History, Manchester DOI: 10.1057/9781137363428.0013 Select Bibliography 2. Published Primary Sources BOA Publications BOA, Annual Reports (various dates) BOA, magazines including British Olympic Journal, World Sports, Sportsworld (various dates) BOA, Aims and Objects of the Olympic Games Fund (BOA, n.d) BOA, The British Olympic Association and the Olympic Games (BOA, 1984) Theodore Andrea Cook, The Fourth Olympiad, Being the Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1908 (BOA, 1908) BOA, Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1912 (BOA, 1912) Reverend R. -
Vi Olympic Winter G a M E S O S L O 1952
VI OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES OSLO 1952 PROGRAMME AND GENERAL RULES Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library IOC / CIO du Bibliothèque : Source VI OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES OSLO 1952 14-25 FEBRUARY PROGRAMME AND GENERAL RULES THE ORGANISING COMMITTEE FOR THE VI OLYMPIC WINTER GAMES OSLO 1952 yrarbiL COI / OIC ud euqèhtoilbiB : ecruoS ^(5 GCö<} yrarbiL COI / OIC ud euqèhtoilbiB : ecruoS INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (I. 0. C.) FOUNDER Baron Pierre de Coubertin PRESIDENT J. Sigfrid Edström FORMER PRESIDENTS OF THE I. O. C. Vikelas (Greece) Baron Pierre de Cou'bertin (France) • Count Baillet-Latour (Belgium) HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE I. O. C. R. C. Aldao (Argentina) Count Clarence von Rosen (Sweden) Ernst Krogius (Finland) Frédéric-René Coudert (U. S. A.) t Sir Noel Curtis Bennett (Great Britain) Tliomas Fearnley (Norway) t Marquis Melcliior de Polignac (France) Sir Harold Luxton (Australia) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE J. Sigfrid Edström, President Avery Brundage, Vice-President Count Alberto Bonacossa Colonel P. W. Scharroo Armand Massard Lord Burghiey yrarbiL COI / OIC ud euqèhtoilbiB : ecruoS MEMBERS ARGENTINA: Horacio Bustos Moron AUSTRALIA: Lewis Luxton H. R. Weir AUSTRIA: Ing. Dr. li.c. Manfred von Mautner Marlcliof BELGIUM: Baron de Trannoy R. W. Seeldrayers BRAZIL: Arnaldo Guinle Antonio Prado jr. Dr. J. Ferreira Santos CANADA: J. C. Patteson A. Sidney Dawes CHILE: Enrique O. Barbosa Baeza CHINA: Dr. C. T. Wang Dr. H. H. Kung Professor Shou-Yi-Tung CUBA: Dr. Miguel A. Moenck CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Professor G. A. Gruss DENMARK: Prince Axel of Denmark EGYPT: Moiiamed Talier Pasha FINLAND : J. W. RangeH Eric von Frenckell FRANCE: François Pietri Armand Massard Count de Beaumont GERMANY: Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg Dr. -
Soome Presidentide Visiitide Mõju Eesti-Soome Suhetele Aastail 1918-1940
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library Tartu Ülikool Humanitaarteaduste ja kunstide valdkond Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut Uusima aja osakond Patrik Hytönen Soome presidentide visiitide mõju Eesti-Soome suhetele aastail 1918-1940 Bakalaureusetöö Juhendaja: prof Eero Medijainen Tartu 2016 Sisukord SISSEJUHATUS ................................................................................................................................... 3 1. 1918-1922 – AKTIIVNE KOOSTÖÖ .............................................................................................. 8 1.1 Soome-Eesti riigi suhete algus .................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Eesti ja Soome saatkonnad Helsingis ja Tallinnas ................................................................. 11 1.3 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlbergi välispoliitiline tegevus ...................................................................... 12 1.4 Riigivanem Konstantin Pätsi visiit Soome 1922 ..................................................................... 15 2. 1922-1934 – ÄRAOOTAV SUHTUMINE ..................................................................................... 18 2.1 Eesti ja Soome suhted kuni 1925. aastani ................................................................................ 18 2.2 Lauri Kristian Relanderi valimine presidendiks ning visiit Eestisse 1925 ........................... 21 2.3 Eesti ja Soome poliitilised