Appendix: British Olympic Association Senior Office-Holders
Presidents Duke of Sutherland – Viscount Portal – Duke of Beaufort – Marquess of Exeter – Lord Rupert Nevill – HRH the Princess Royal, Princess Anne – Chairmen Lord Desborough – Duke of Somerset – Lord Downham – Reverend R. S. de Courcy Laffan (Acting) – Earl Cadogan – Lord Rochdale – Sir Harold Bowden – Viscount Portal – Lord Burghley (Marquess of Exeter from ) – Lord Rupert Nevill – Sir Denis Follows – Charles Palmer – Sir Arthur Gold – Craig Reedie – Lord Moynihan – Lord Coe - Hon. Secretaries Reverend R. S. de Courcy Laffan – Flying Officer A. J. Adams – Brigadier R. J. Kentish – Evan A. Hunter – K. S. Duncan – General Secretaries K. S. Duncan – G. M. Sparkes – R. W. Palmer – Chief Executives Simon Clegg – Andy Hunt – Bill Sweeney –
DOI: 10.1057/9781137363428.0012 Select Bibliography
(Place of publication is London unless otherwise specified)
Primary Sources
1. Unpublished Primary Sources The National Archives, Kew Cabinet (CAB) Department of the Environment (AT) Foreign Office (FO) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) Prime Minister’s papers (PREM) Ministry/Department of Education (ED) Private papers Philip Noel-Baker, Churchill College, Cambridge Lord Desborough, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies, Aylesbury Lord Wolfenden, Reading University Organisations British Olympic Association, University of East London Conservative Party, Bodleian Library, Oxford Labour Party, National Museum of Labour History, Manchester
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2. Published Primary Sources BOA Publications BOA, Annual Reports (various dates) BOA, magazines including British Olympic Journal, World Sports, Sportsworld (various dates) BOA, Aims and Objects of the Olympic Games Fund (BOA, n.d) BOA, The British Olympic Association and the Olympic Games (BOA, 1984) Theodore Andrea Cook, The Fourth Olympiad, Being the Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1908 (BOA, 1908) BOA, Official Report of the Olympic Games of 1912 (BOA, 1912) Reverend R. S de Courcy Laffan,The Olympic Games of Antwerp (BOA, 1920) G. L. Fairlie (ed), The British Olympic Association Official Report of the VIIIth Olympiad 1924 (BOA, 1925) Harold Abrahams (ed.), British Olympic Association Official Report of the IXth Olympiad 1928 (BOA, 1929) Captain F. A. M. Webster (ed.), British Olympic Association Official Report of the Xth Olympiad 1932 (BOA, 1932) Harold Abrahams (ed.), British Olympic Association Official Report of the XIth Olympiad 1936 (BOA, 1936) Cecil Bear (ed.), Olympic Games 1948: British Olympic Association Official Report (World Sports, 1948) Cecil Bear (ed.), Olympic Games 1952: British Olympic Association Official Report (World Sports, 1952) Cecil Bear (ed.), The British Olympic Association Official Report of the Olympic Games XVIth Olympiad Melbourne 1956 (World Sports Publications, 1956) Phil Pilley (ed.), The British Olympic Association Official Report of the Olympic Games XVII Olympiad Rome 1960 (World Sports Publications, 1960) Doug Gardiner (ed.), The British Olympic Association Official Report of Games 1964 (World Sports Publications, 1965) Bob Phillips (ed), The British Olympic Association Official Report of Games 1968 (World Sports Publications, 1968) Doug Gardiner (ed.), The BOA Official Report of the Olympic Games 1972 (World Sports Publications, 1972) Neil Wilson (ed.) The BOA Official Report of the Olympic Games 1976 (West Nally Ltd, 1977)
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BOA, Sport: Official Report of the 1980 Games (Epic, 1981) Mikel Blake (ed.), British Olympic Association Olympic Games 1984 Official Report (BOA, 1985) Caroline Searle (ed.), The British Olympic Association Official Olympic Games Report Calgary/Seoul 1988 (BOA, 1988) Caroline Searle, Jill Beagley and Roxanne Still (eds), Olympic Glory: Barcelona 1992 (Sevenoaks, Crier Publications, 1992) Peter Nichols (ed.), Atlanta ’96: Official British Olympic Report (Brighton: Wyeth Publishing, 1997) Andrew Baker, Mark Howell et Al. (eds), Team GB. Sydney 2000. The Official Report (BOA, 2000) Andrew Baker, Philip Pope and Rebecca Middleton (eds), Team GB. Athens 2004. The Official Report (BOA, 2004) Peter Marshall (ed.), Team GB. Beijing 2008. The Official Report (EMP, 2008)
Other Reports/Parliamentary/Departmental Publications Hansard, House of Commons Debates, House of Lords Debates Central Council of Physical Recreation, Sport & the Community. The Report of the Wolfenden Committee on Sport (CCPR, 1960) House of Commons, Committee of Public Accounts, The Budget for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games (HMSO, 2008)
Newspapers and Journals Daily Express Daily Mail Daily Telegraph Evening Standard Manchester Guardian/Guardian Observer Star Sunday Times Times Today Whitehall and Westminster World
Autobiographies, Diaries, Speeches and Contemporary Writing Anonymous, ‘Great Britain and Olympism’, Olympic Review, 99–100, January–February 1976, pp. 54–91 Don Anthony, A Strategy for British Sport (C. Hurst and Co, 1980)
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Don Anthony (compiler), Man of Sport, Man of Peace. Collected Speeches and Essays of Philip Noel-Baker, Olympic Statesman 1889–1992 (Sports Editions Ltd, 1991) Roger Bannister, The First Four Minutes (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2004 edn) Tony Blair, A Journey (Hutchinson, 2010) Alistair Campbell (ed.), The Blair Years (Hutchinson, 2007) Hylton Cleaver, Sporting Rhapsody (Hutchinson’s Library, 1951) Seb Coe, Running My Life. The Autobiography(Hodder & Stoughton, 2012), pp. 119–32. Theodore Andrea Cook, The Cruise of the Branwen (Privately published, 1908) Theodore Andrea Cook, International Sport: A Short History of the Olympic Movement from 1896 to the Present Day (Archibald Constable, 1910) Theodore Andrea Cook, The Sunlit Hours: A Record of Sport and Life (Nisbet & Co, 1925) Alex Devine (ed.), Official Handbook of the Olympic Games (Hudson and Kearns, 1908) Douglas Hurd, Memoirs (Little, Brown, 2003) Denis Howell, Made in Birmingham (Queen Anne Press, 1990) Lord Killanin, My Olympic Years (Secker & Warburg, 1983) Neil Macfarlane with M Herd, Sport and Politics: A World Divided (Willow Books, 1996) John Major, The Autobiography (HarperCollins, 1999) David Pickup, Not Another Messiah: An Account of the Sports Council 1988–93 (Bishop Auckland: Pentland Press, 1996) James Rivers (compiler & editor), The Sports Book 3 (MacDonald, 1949) Margaret Thatcher,The Downing Street Years (HarperCollins, 1993) F. A. M. Webster, Olympic Cavalcade (Hutchinson, 1948)
Secondary Sources
Biographical Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: OUP, 2004), online entries at www.oxforddnb.com for: Lord Aberdare (by Michael Maclagan); Lord Downham (Martin Pugh); Lord Burghley (Norris McWhirter); Sir Theodore Andrea Cook (Ian Buchanan); William Hayes Fisher, Baron
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Downham (Martin Pugh); William Grenfell, Lord Desborough (Ian F. W. Beckett); Sir Arthur Gold (Wray Vamplew); Denis Howell (Tam Dalyell); Robert Stuart de Courcy Laffan (Steve Bailey); Lord Luke (John Armstrong); Baron Noel-Baker (David Howell); Charles Palmer (Richard Bowen); Viscount Portal (J. V. Sheffield/Robert Brown).
Books Don Anthony, Minds, Bodies and Souls, 3 volumes (BOA, 1995) Don Anthony, Britain and the Olympic Games: Rediscovery of a Heritage (Birmingham: Birmingham Promotions and Community Unit, 1987) Derek Birley, Playing the Game. Sport and British Society, 1910–45 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995) Angela Bolger, Lord Desborough’s Sporting Legacy (Bucks: Taplow Court, 2008) John Coghlan with Ida Webb, Sport and British Politics since 1960 (Brighton: Falmer, 1990) H. J. Evans, Service to Sport: The Story of the CCPR, 1937–1975 (Pelham, 1975) Brendan Gallagher, The Games. Britain’s Olympic and Paralympic Journey to London 2012 (Chichester: Wiley, 2011) Janie Hampton, The Austerity Olympics. When the Games Came to London in 1948 (Aurum, 2008) Duff Hart-Davis,Hitler’s Olympics. The 1936 Games (Coronet Books, 1988 edn) Christopher R. Hill, Olympic Politics (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992) Jeff Hill, Sport, Leisure & Culture in Twentieth-Century Britain (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002) Richard Holt, Sport and the British. A Modern History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989) Richard Holt, ‘Great Britain: The Amateur Tradition’, in Arnd Kruger and William Murray, The Nazi Olympics. Sport, Politics and Appeasement in the 1930s (Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2003) Richard Holt and Tony Mason, Sport in Britain 1945–2000 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000) Barrie Houlihan, The Government and Politics of Sport (Abingdon: Routledge, 1991) Mike Huggins and Jack Williams, Sport and the English 1918–39 (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006)
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Kevin Jefferys,Sport and Politics in Modern Britain: The Road to 2012 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) Rebecca Jenkins, The First London Olympics, 1908 (Piatkus, 2008) Mike Lee, The Race for the 2012 Olympics. The Inside Story of How London Won the Bid (Virgin Books, 2006) Helen Jefferson Lenskyj and Stephen Wagg (eds), The Palgrave Handbook of Olympic Studies (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) Matthew P. Llewellyn, Rule Britannia: Nationalism, Identity and the Modern Olympic Games (Abingdon: Routledge, 2011) John MacAloon, This Great Symbol: Pierre de Coubertin and the Origins of the Modern Olympic Games (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1981) David Miller, Athens to Athens. The Official History of the Olympic Games and the IOC, 1894–2004 (Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2004) Bob Phillips, The 1948 Olympics. How London Rescued the Games (Cheltenham: SportsBooks Ltd, 2007) David Pickup, Not Another Messiah: An Account of the Sports Council 1988–93 (Bishop Auckland: Pentland Press, 1996) Martin Polley, Moving the Goalposts. A History of Sport and Society since 1945 (Abingdon: Routledge, 1998) Martin Polley, The British Olympics. Britain’s Olympic Heritage 1612–2012 (Swindon: English Heritage, 2011) Matt Rogan & Martin Rogan, Britain and the Olympic Games (Leicester: Matador, 2011) Nicholas Evan Sarantakes, Dropping the Torch. Jimmy Carter, The Olympic Boycott, and the Cold War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011) Mel Watman, The Official History of the Amateur Athletic Association, 1880–2010 (Cheltenham: SportsBooks, 2011) Neil Wigglesworth, The Evolution of British Sport (Frank Cass, 1996) David Young, The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1996)
Journal articles Don Anthony, ‘Courbertin, Britain and the British: A Chronology’, Journal of Olympic History, 5, 3 (1997), pp. 18–20 Steve Bailey, ‘A Noble Ally and Olympic Disciple: The Reverend Robert S. de Courcy Laffan, Coubertin’s “Man” in England’, Olympika: Journal of Olympic Studies, 6 (1997), pp. 51–64
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Peter J. Beck, ‘The British Government and the Olympic Movement: The 1948 London Olympics’,International Journal of the History of Sport, 25, 5 (2008), pp. 615–47 Peter J. Beck, ‘Britain and the Olympic Games: London 1908, 1948, 2012’, Journal of Sport History, 39, 1 (2012), pp. 401–23 Sandra Collins, ‘East and West: Confrontational Diplomacy’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 24, 8 (2007), pp. 1003–41 David Dee, ‘ “Too Semitic” or “Thoroughly Anglicised”? The Life and Career of Harold Abrahams’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 29, 6 (2011), pp. 868–86 Christopher R. Hill, ‘The Politics of Manchester’s Olympic Bid’, Parliamentary Affairs, 47, 3 (1994), pp. 338–54 Kevin Jefferys, ‘Britain and the Boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics’, Sport in History, 32, 2 (2012), pp. 279–301 Kevin Jefferys, ‘Lord Burghley, Chariots of Fire and the Gentleman Amateur in British Athletics’, Sport in History, 33, 4 (2013), pp. 445–64 Karl Lennartz, ‘Unknown Letter by Coubertin Found. Observations by Baron de Coubertin to the 1928 BOA Official Report’, Journal of Olympic History, 9, 3 (2001), pp. 13–22 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘Prologue: An Indifferent Beginning’,International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 625–47 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘Lighting the Olympic Flame’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 648–68 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘A British Olympics’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 669–87 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘The Battle of Shepherd’s Bush’,International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 688–710 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘ “A Tale of National Disaster” ’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 711–29 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘The Empire Savers’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 730–50 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘Olympic Games Are an International Farce’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 751–72 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘Olympic Games Doomed’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 773–795 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘The Curse of the Shamateur’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 796–816 Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘Epilogue: Britannia Overruled’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 28, 5 (2011), pp. 817–29
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Matthew P. Llewellyn, ‘Advocate or Antagonist? Sir Theodore Andrea Cook and the British Olympic Movement’, Sport in History, 32, 2 (2012), pp. 183–203 Peter Lovesey, ‘Conan Doyle and the Olympics’, Journal of Olympic History, 10, 1 (2001–2), pp. 6–9 Martin Polley, ‘Olympic Diplomacy: The British Government and the Projected 1940 Olympic Games’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 9, 2 (1992), pp. 169–87 Martin Polley, ‘ “No Business of Ours”?: The Foreign Office and the Olympic Games, 1896–1914’, International Journal of the History of Sport, 13, 2 (1996), pp. 96–113 Martin Polley, ‘ “The Amateur Rules”: Amateurism and Professionalism in Post-War British Athletics’, Contemporary British History, 14, 2 (2000), pp. 81–114 Stephen Wenn, ‘Rivals and Revolutionaries: Avery Brundage, the Marquess of Exeter and Olympic Television Revenue’, Sport in History, 32, 2 (2012), pp. 257–78
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Aberdare, Lord, 60–2, 65–7, Bailey, Steve, 48 79, 82, 106 Baillet-Latour, Comte Henri Abrahams, Harold, 47, 62, 85 de, 47, 49–50, 61, 64, 66 Adams, Nicola, 124 Baldwin, Stanley, 64 Afghanistan, 93–4, 97–9 ‘Battle of Shepherd’s Bush’, 20, alpine skiing, 46, 76 26–31, 67 Altwegg, Jeanette, 76 Beck, Peter, 4, 70 Amateur Athletic Association Beijing, 107 (AAA), 8–10, 12–14, Belgium, 41–2, 44, 46, 85 20, 22, 28–9, 31, 39, 46, ‘Berlin airlift’, 69 83, 101 Bermuda, 11 Amateur Fencing Association, Birkenhead, Earl of, 45–6 14, 20 Birley, Derek, 58 Amateur Rowing Association, Birmingham, 11, 106–7, 24, 97 118, 120 amateurism, 10, 24, 31, 39, 50, Blair, Tony, 115, 118–21 56, 74, 81–4, 86, 89, 95 Blankers-Koen, Fanny, 69 American Athletic Union, 13 Boardman, Chris, 102 American Olympic Committee Boland, John Pius, 11 (AOC), 20, 31 Bowden, Sir Harold, 57–9 American Olympic team, 12, boxing, 30, 50, 113, 117 21, 28, 31, 36–7, 39, 43–4, boycotts 63–4, 86 Berlin Olympics, 60–1 Ampthill, Lord, 10 Montreal Olympics, 89 Anthony, Don, 89 Moscow Olympics, 1–3, 44, Argentina, 50 89, 92–8, 125 archery, 43 Brasher, Chris, 83 Asquith, H. H., 20 Brazil, 124 athletics, 9, 23, 30, 41, British International Sports 67, 83 Committee, 105 see also Amateur Athletic British Olympic Association Association (BOA) Attlee, Clement, 68, 70, 99 Annual Report 2005, 2, 5 Australia, 78–9, 113 Annual Report 1992–3, 102–3
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British Olympic Association Carter, Jimmy, 93–5 (BOA) – continued Central Council for Physical appeals and fund raising, 20, 25, Recreation (CCPR), 4, 15, 55, 34–6, 38–40, 42–3, 45–6, 50, 57–8, 78, 87–9, 93, 104–5, 107 63, 74–6, 78, 85–6, 95, 99–100 Chariots of Fire, 47 British Olympic Council, 14, 25, 43, 47 Cheltenham College, 11–12 formation, 13–15 Chicago, 13 medical centre, 102–3 China, 65, 117 Official Handbook (1908), 26 Chirac, Jacques, 121 Official Report (1924), 44–5, 47 Christie, Linford, 102 Official Report (1928), 48, 50 Civil Service Sports Association, 60 Official Report (1936), 61, 63–4 Clegg, Simon, 114, 116–7, 122 Official Report (1948), 71, 75 Coe, Peter, 97 Official Report (1952), 76 Coe, Sebastian (Lord), 97, 99, 119–21, Official Report (1956), 85 125–6 Official Report (1972), 89 Coghlan, John, 88, 100 Official Report (1980), 97, 99 Cold War, 79–80, 93, 98 Official Report (1992), 103–5 Commonwealth Games (1986), 106 Official Report (1996), 109 Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur, 39–40 Official Report (2000), 114 Conservative–Liberal Democrat Official Report (2004), 115 coalition (2010), 122 Provisional Council, 14 Conservative party, 16–17, 48, 65, 87, Special Committee (1913), 38–40 94, 96–9, 122 see also British Olympic team, Cook, Theodore Andreas, 16, 20, 24–6, Olympic Games, 28, 39, 42–4, 57 Olympic movement cricket, 10, 26, 49 British Empire, 9–10, 24 see also Marylebone Cricket Club British Olympic team (Team GB), 2, Curtis-Bennett, Sir Francis Noel, 5, 11–13, 17, 20–1, 23, 26, 34–6, 43, 60–1, 65–6 46–7, 58, 60–1, 64, 67, 69, 76, 83, cycling, 49, 102, 113, 117 85–7, 92–3, 95–8, 100–2, 108, 112–3, 115, 124 Daily Mail, 25, 46 broken-time payments, 49–50, 56 Daily Mirror, 108 Brookes, William Penny, 8–9 Daily Telegraph, 16, 65–6, 69, 96, 108 Brown, Gordon, 119, 122 Davis Cup, 10, 37 Brundage, Avery, 66, 79–81 Dean, Christopher, 100 Buckingham Palace, 2 De Coubertin, Baron Pierre, 7, 9–14, Burghley, Lord (Marquess of Exeter 17, 19–20, 22, 27–8, 31, 37–8, 41–2, from 1956), 50, 54, 58–9, 63, 65–8, 46–7, 49, 57, 81, 83 74–89, 93–5, 101, 105–6, 114, 125–6 Department for Culture, Media and Burton, Elaine, 85 Sport (DCMS), 119 Desborough, Lord, 7, 15–16, 19–22, 24, Cadogan, 6th Earl of, 45, 47–8 26, 28, 30–1, 35, 37–8, 48, 57, 59, 67, Cameron, David, 122 75, 113, 125–6 Canada, 13, 87 Devine, Alex, 26 Capes, Geoff, 84–5 Dieges, Charles, 28–9
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Downham, Baron, 42–3 Gridley, R. G., 24 Duncan, K. S. (Sandy), 75–8, 82, 85–9, Gunnell, Sally, 102 101, 114 Hall, G. E., 80 Eden, Sir Anthony, 50 Hallswelle, Lieutenant Wyndham, 28 Edström, J. Sigfrid, 66, 79 Hampton, Janie, 3, 67–8 Egypt, 50 Hannon, Edith, 37 Elvin, Sir Arthur, 65, 67, 71 Harrison, Frederic, 39 Ennis, Jessica, 124 Hart-Davis, Duff, 62 Entente Cordiale (1904), 25 Hayes, Johnny, 29 Epsom Derby, 26 Hemery, David, 116 Evans, H. Justin, 87–8 Herbert, Charles, 7, 10, 12, 14, 22 Evening Standard, 69 Hickey, Kevin, 102 Exeter, Marquess of, see Lord Burghley Hicks, Richard, 86 Hill, Albert, 43 Farah, Mo, 124 Hitler, Adolf, 59–64, 78 fencing, 25 Hobsbawm, Eric, 3–4 FIFA, 56 hockey, 50, 96, 118 Finland, 43, 64 Holmes, Kelly, 115 Follows, Sir Denis, 88, 94–7, 99–100 Holt, Richard, 27, 61, 63, 83 football, 9, 23, 44, 50, 56, 63, 67 horse riding, 67, 96 Football Association (FA), 9, 14, 94 House of Commons, 2, 14, 16, 85, 94, Foreign Affairs Select Committee, 96 96–7, 121–2 Foreign and Commonwealth House of Lords, 94–5, 125 Office, 115 Howell, Denis, 86, 88, 94–5, 100, 105–6 Foreign Office, 21–2, 25, 29, 42, 62, 65, Hoy, Chris, 124 80, 97–8 Hunt, Andy, 122–3, 125 Forster, Henry William, 39 Hunter, Colonel Evan, 47–8, 67, 75 France, 11, 21, 24–5, 29, 69, 89 Hurd, Douglas, 97–8 Franco-British exhibition (1908), 23, 25–6 ice skating, 57, 76 Franco-Prussian war (1870–71), 9 India, 50 International Amateur Athletic Germany, 20, 24, 37, 41, 61–4, 66, 80 Federation (IAAF), 68, 81, 83–4 Gibson, Owen, 123–4 International Athletic Congress Gladstone, Herbert, 8 (1894), 9–10 Glasgow, 23 International Athletic Federation, 56 Glen-Haig, Mary, 105 International Badminton Grey, Sir Edward, 21 Federation, 103 Gold, Sir Arthur, 101–3, 105, 107 International Olympic Committee, golf, 9 2–3, 7, 9–15, 20–4, 28–9, 37–8, Government policy towards sport, 4 41–2, 44–9, 56–7, 59–62, 65–7, 69, Great Britain, 5, 10 75, 79–82, 84, 89, 95, 97, 99–100, Greece, 11, 20–1 105–8, 116, 118–21 Grenfell, William, 15 Ireland, 11, 13, 17, 23, 27 see also Lord Desborough Irish Free State, 17
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Isis, 61 Macfarlane, Neil, 98–9 Isle of Wight, 23 Madrid, 119 Israel, 74, 89 Major, John, 107–9 Italy, 19–20, 22, 79, 85, 89 Manchester, 106–8, 118, 120 Manchester Guardian, 39 Japan, 50, 64–5 Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), 10, Jenkins, Rebecca, 3, 24, 31 15, 39 Jones, Captain F. Whitworth, 24, 41 Mason, Tony, 83 Jowell, Tessa, 118–9, 121–2 Merchant Taylors’ Company, 20 judo, 100 Millennium Dome, 119 Miller, David, 13–14, 44, 46, 61, 63–4, Kentish, Brigadier General Reginald, 81, 105 29, 43, 45, 48–9, 51, 82 modern pentathlon, 113 Killanin, Lord, 81–2, 97, 99, 105 Moorhouse, Adrian, 101 King Edward VII, 14, 22, 27 motor-boating, 26 King George V, 45 Mount Vesuvius, 20, 22 King George VI, 69 Moynihan, Colin (Lord), 97, 116, Kiralfy, Imre, 23, 67 122–3, 125
Labour government (1945–51), 68 National Cyclists Union, 14 (1964–70), 86 National Governing Bodies (NGBs), 4, (1974–79), 87 9–10, 12, 14–15, 20, 24, 28, 40, 43, (1997–2010), 115, 118–9 45, 55, 77, 95–7, 123 Laffan, Reverend R. S. de Courcy, National Government, 64–5, 68 11–12, 14–15, 20, 22–3, 26, 28, National Lottery, 108–9, 112–4, 30–1, 34–5, 37, 41–4, 48–9, 51, 121–2 56–7, 76, 79 National Olympian Association Lausanne, 41, 65, 80, 82, 105–7 (NOA), 8 Lawn Tennis Association (LTA), 9 National Olympic Committee (NOC), Lee, Mike, 3, 120–1 2, 12–14, 20, 23, 78, 85, 89, 125 Le Figaro, 29 National Physical Recreation Society Le Havre, 11–12 (NPRS), 8 Levy, Lawrence, 11 National Playing Fields Association Lewis, Denise, 113 (NPFA), 4, 51, 57, 60, 78–9 Liddell, Eric, 47 National Skating Association, 42 Livingstone, Ken, 118 Nevill, Lord Rupert, 86, 88–9, 94 Llewellyn, Matthew P., 3–5, 8, 10–12, New Labour, 115–6, 122 16, 20–2, 27, 29, 31, 35–6, 40, New York, 13, 115 43–4, 58 New Zealand, 67, 89 London, 12, 14, 25, 64–6 Noel-Baker, Philip, 44–5, 47, 49, 51, London Organising Committee of 60, 68–70, 76, 79 the Olympic Games (LOCOG), Northcliffe, Lord, 25 123–5 Norway, 76 Lowe, Douglas, 50 Luckes, David, 118 Observer, 64, 70 Luke, Baron, 79, 105 Ohuruogo, Christine, 117
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Olympic Games, 3,5 1980 Moscow, 1–3, 89, 92–9, 109, Ancient Olympics, 8 116, 125–6 Cotswold Games, 8 1984 Sarajevo, 100 Intercalated Games, 19–22 1984 Los Angeles, 98, 100 Wenlock Olympics, 8 1988 Seoul, 101–2 Winter Olympics, 23, 51, 93 1992 Barcelona, 93, 101–2, 105–6 1896 Athens, 7–12, 14–15, 21–2, 25, 1996 Atlanta, 92, 106–8, 113–4 27, 30, 36 2000 Sydney, 109, 112–5, 118 1900 Paris, 7, 12–13, 15, 21, 36–7 2002 Salt Lake City, 118 1904 St Louis, 7, 9, 13–14, 21, 2004 Athens, 112–3, 115 27, 36–7 2008 Beijing, 112–3, 116–7 1906 Athens, 19–21, 27, 36 2012 London, 2–5, 8, 19, 22, 99, 1908 London, 2–4, 12, 19–20, 22–31, 112–3, 117–26 35–8, 42, 47, 51, 54–5, 67–8, 75, 77, 2014 Sochi, 124–5 113, 117–8, 126 2016 Rio de Janeiro, 112–3, 124–5 1912 Stockholm, 34, 36–8, 40–1, see also boycotts, Olympic movement 43–4, 47, 50–1, 55, 113, 126 Olympic movement, 2, 5, 11, 14–15, 27, 1916 Berlin (abandoned), 37, 41 41, 46, 60, 64, 71, 75, 77, 79 1920 Antwerp, 40–6, 48, 62, 114 Ovett, Steve, 98 1924 Chamonix, 46 Owens, Jesse, 63–4, 78–9 1924 Paris, 40, 44–6, 62, 66 1928 St Moritz, 50 Palmer, Charles, 100–1, 105–7 1928 Amsterdam, 34–5, 47, Palmer, Richard, 88, 93, 99–103, 105, 49–50, 56 109, 114 1932 Lake Placid, 57 Paralympics, 118, 124 1932 Los Angeles, 54, 56–9, 61, 63–4, Paris, 119–21 78, 100 Parliamentary Sports Committee, 76, 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 61 78, 85 1936 Berlin (‘Nazi Olympics’), 54, Patten, Chris, 107 59–63, 65, 70, 76, 78, 89, 126 Pendleton, Victoria, 124 1940 Toyko (abandoned), 54, Pickup, David, 104–5, 107 64–5, 68 Pietri, Dorando, 29 1940 Helsinki (abandoned), 65 Pinsent, Matthew, 102, 108 1944 London (abandoned), 54, 65 Pirie, Gordon, 84 1948 London (‘austerity Games’), Polley, Martin, 11, 25, 29, 67, 84 2–4, 54–5, 66–71, 74–6, 117–8, Porritt, Sir Arthur, 67 122, 126 Portal, Viscount, 59–60, 63 1952 Oslo, 76 Prescott, John, 119 1952 Helsinki, 74–7, 80, 82–3, 108 Prince Axel of Denmark, 79 1956 Melbourne, 78, 83 Prince of Wales, 9 1960 Rome, 79, 86 see also King Edward VII 1964 Tokyo, 75, 78, 81, 89 Prince Philip, 86 1968 Mexico City, 78, 86, 89 Princess Anne, 105 1972 Munich, 74, 89 professionalism, 39–40, 50, 70, 81–2, 1976 Montreal, 74, 84, 87, 89 84, 89 1980 Lake Placid, 95 public schools, 9, 16
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Ranger, Terence, 3–4 Thatcher, Margaret, 92–9, 106–7 Redgrave, Steve, 102, 108 The Austerity Olympics, 67 Reedie, Craig, 82, 103, 109, 113, 115–6, The Cruise of the Branwen, 25 119–22 The Economist, 70 Robertson, George, 11 The Guardian, 106, 123 Rochdale, Lord, 48–50, 56–7 The Invention of Tradition, 4 Rodda, John, 106 The Times, 30, 36, 38, 42, 47, 62, 79, Rogge, Jacques, 2 89, 124 Rome, 22, 31 The Sporting Life, 49 Roosevelt, Theodore, 28 Thompson, Daley, 98 rowing, 12, 30, 97, 108, 113, 117 Torquay, 67 rugby union, 9, 23, 43, 49, 89 Torvill, Jayne, 100 Rule Britannia: Nationalism, Identity and treasury, 35, 85 The Modern Olympic Games, 3, 5 Russia, 117 United Kingdom, 17, 21, 116 UK Sport, 109, 116–7, 123–6 sailing, 30, 67, 102, 113, 117 United Nations, 94 Samaranch, Juan Antonio, 105, 107 United States, 2, 10, 13, 21, 27–31, 37, 60, Scotland, 17, 21, 23, 46, 116 69, 74–5, 83–4, 93–5, 97–8, 117 Scott, Bob, 106–7 universities, 9 shamateurism, 49, 83 Cambridge, 21, 41–2 shooting, 96, 113 Oxford, 10–12, 16, 21, 36, 41–2, 61 Singapore, 120–2 Somerset, 15th Duke of, 38, 41, 45 Vaile, Bryn, 102 South Africa, 50, 80–1, 89, 106–7 Vincent, Sir Howard, 14 Soviet Union, 69, 74–5, 82–4, 93–8 Sport and Recreation Alliance, 4 Wales, 17, 21, 23, 116 Sports Council, 4, 86–9, 98, 100, Webster, F. A. M., 13, 16, 43, 46 103–5, 107 Wembley, 65, 67, 69–70 Strode-Jackson, Arnold, 36–7, 41 Westminster, Duke of, 35 Suez Crisis, 79 White City, 23, 26, 29 Sullivan, James, 13, 28 Whitney, Caspar, 31 Sutherland, Duke of, 45, 63 Wiggins, Bradley, 124 Sweden, 20, 35–7, 43, 66, 69 Wilson, Harold, 86 swimming, 23, 50, 101, 117 Wolfenden Committee, 87–8 Switzerland, 41, 50, 66 Wolfenden Report, 85–6, 88, 103 Sydney, 107 women athletes and Olympians, 11, 50, 69 tennis, 9–10, 30, 37 Woodward, Sir Clive, 123, 125 real tennis, 26 World Cup (football), 31, 56 see also Davis Cup, Lawn Tennis World Sports, 66 Association Thames Conservation Society, 15–16 yachting, 96
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