Once Explorers, Always Explorers Europe’s Space Exploration Vision
The European Space Exploration Envelope Programme
David Parker Director - Human and Robotic Exploration
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Sustaining a great heritage into the future?
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 2 Sweden – exploring the Solar System
ExoMars … Esrange… SMART-1…
Astronaut Christer Fuglesang… ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 3 Exploration @ESA is Strategy-Driven “focused on solar system destinations where humans will someday live and work.” Global Exploration Strategy Framework Document, 2007 ESA Scientific ESA Exploration Programme Programme ‘bottom-up’ + ‘top-down’ + mandatory optional competitive step-wise with mission selection goal of extending among proposals from human reach to science community Mars surface
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 4 Why Explore ?
Challenge New driven knowledge innovation
Inspiration Motivation Global Education partners •The Global Exploration Roadmap, January 2018
Slide 5 Earth Moon Mars Diameter 12,742km Gravity 1g Diameter 3,474km Gravity 0.17g Diameter 6,779km Gravity 0.38g ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS team Matt Wedel ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS team Slide 6 Europe’s exploration programme today
Propulsion Taking Europe World-class First Mars Preparing & power for Europe to aboard the science in life-search tomorrow’s first 2 Orion lunar ISS space rover missions missions surface
Increased synergy between robotic and human exploration
Slide 7 E3P Future Mission Roadmap
Integration International Integration Innovation of Human & of Space for and Robotic Commercial Exploration Operations in Capabilities Partnerships with Society Space
ISS Extension/CMSA /Commercial LEO Exploitation of LEO ISS Platforms
increasing Early Human
Orion Evolution + Lunar Gateway synergy Orion ESM Missions BLEO
Cooperative mission campaign Future Lunar Luna Resource Exploration
Mars Sample Return ExoMars Future Mars Exploration
Slide 8 E3P Period 2 and Beyond: Once Explorers, Always Explorers CS#1: CS#4: LEO Mars Sample Return ExPeRT SciSpacE
CS#2: CS#3: Humans BLEO Lunar Surface
Slide 9 The International Space Station
An international laboratory for research and innovation
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 10 E3P Supports UN Sustainable Development Goals AstroPlant • AstroPlant : Contributing to e.g. quality education and fighting the habits of consumption • EML : Development of improved industrial alloys • MELiSSA : Waste water treatment technology EML MELiSSA
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 11 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 12 Cornerstone #2: Forward to the Moon Orion
Europe powering the next human missions to deep space
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 14 The Lunar Gateway
By 2025, humanity’s most remote research base
Near rectinlinear halo orbit around the Moon
Unique new science opportunities in a unique environment e.g. for space radiation, space plasma physics, human research
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 15 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide1 16 6 Gateway Elements/Modules
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 17 Gateway Assembly Sequence
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 18 I-HAB ESA Roles in the Gateway NASA-ESA ‘Umbrella Understanding’ signed 12 April 2018
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 19 Lunar Exploration and Cornerstone #3
A science-driven robotic lunar exploration campaign and A step towards human lunar exploration achieve strong scientific return advance key exploration technology exploit the Gateway when available prepare for human exploration
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 20 Science identified by the community
• The bombardment history of the inner solar system • The structure and composition of the lunar interior • The diversity of lunar crustal rocks • Volatiles at the lunar poles • Volcanism • Impact processes and Regolith processes • Atmospheric and dust environment • Life sciences and astrobiology • Fundamental physics • Low frequency Radio Astronomy ESA• UNCLASSIFIEDSpace - Forresource Official Use utilisation Slide 21 “Towards the Use of Lunar Resources” 3-5 July o 270 participants from diverse sectors o Space Resources strategy in preparation focussing on lunar resources and their role in the future programme o RFI on Mission Services, technology and science payloads for an ISRU mission closed in early July o 117 submissions, 68 entities, 24 countries o Informing ISRU mission preparation
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 22 International Lunar Missions planned 2018-2025
Actor Landers Orbiters Russia Luna-25, Luna-27 Luna-26 USA NASA & private missions (Moon Express, Private missions Astrobotic, Blue Origin, Masten etc.) China Chang’e 4 & 5, Polar missions Chang’e 4 relay (in flight) India Chandrayaan-2 Japan JAXA - SLIM, Selene 2 (TBC) iSpace Japan (private) Israel SpaceIL (private) South Korea Lander (tentative) KPLO EuropeESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official PrivateUse - Part Time Scientists, iSpace Private (LunarSlide 23 Europe Pathfinder) Permanently shadowed regions at the Moon’s South pole, perhaps hosting water ice stored at low temperatures
false colour !!
ESALunar UNCLASSIFIED Resource - For Official Use Lander (ESA+Russia) Slide 24 CS#3: Lunar Exploration Campaign
Gradually increasing opportunities for science & applied research
Offering early & complementary research opportunities (missions of opportunities)
Participating in a sequence of missions which gradually increasing complexity Luna Resource Lunar Pathfinder ISRU Demo HERACLES
Precision Landing Cube Delivery ISRU Sample Return Com/ Nav Services Commercial Mission Extended Mobility ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 25 Human Lunar Precursor – A prototype for the human return to the Moon
Sample Container Ascender (LAE)
Long Range Rover
Descender (LDE)
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 26 Gateway + robotic missions
= sustainable human exploration
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 27 And on to the Red Planet …
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Martian north pole & northern Tempe Terra, 2 May 2014 / ESA Mars Express HRSC / ESA, DLR, FU Berlin, Justin Cowart, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO ExoMars 2016 On the trail of a mystery… Is there methane, oxygen, water in the atmosphere?
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ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter Mars orbit insertion, 19 October 2016 / ESA, Roscosmos ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 30 ExoMars 2020 A Robot Astro-biologist
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ExoMars 2020 rover / ESA, Roscosmos ESA, Roscosmos The First Round Trip to Mars ? Robotic Mars Sample Return
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 32 2030’s and beyond human Mars explorers
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MARS / Robert Viglasky, National Geographic Channels 2019 ESA Ministerial Meeting – Space 19+
Global context for exploration clearer than for many years What role for Europe ?
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 34 ESA’s 10 Year exploration plan (2020-2030) Innovation enabling discovery
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 35 ESA space exploration average cost 675 M€/yr (1991 – 2017) – but today only 500M€
M€, 2017 e.c. 1 200 1 100 1 000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 36 Financial Assumptions , Constraints and Principles
Our planning is based on fiscal realism: Cost at completion of individual programme elements Clear level of commitment per Ministerial Council Continuation of activities from Period to Period Project + Programme level contingencies Specific planning will be part of DG’s overall proposal for Space19+
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Slide 37 New elements in E3P Period 2 Period 2 Activity Comments Pilot LEO market stimulation Pan-European user network First slice ESM4 Investment for European crew First slice Lunar Gateway: I-Hab ISS barter + investment: LNE* 2024 First slice Lunar Gateway: ESPRIT ISS barter + investment: LNE 2023 First slice MSR Earth Return Orbiter LNE 2026 First slice MSR Sample Fetch Rover LNE 2026 First slice Lunar robotic campaign Lunar Pathfinder; commercial landers; ISRU & science payloads, key techno. First slice China cooperation TBC human or robotic
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use * LNE = Launch No Earlier than … Slide 38 Tomorrow’s headlines ? … First European now working aboard the Lunar Gateway …
… First commercial lunar internet service now operational …
… First proof that explorers can ‘live off the land’ using off-world resources …
… First round-trip mission to Mars and back is underway …
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