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Potential of Polarization/Raman Lidar to Separate Fine Dust, Coarse Dust
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 3403–3427, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3403-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Potential of polarization/Raman lidar to separate fine dust, coarse dust, maritime, and anthropogenic aerosol profiles Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri1,2 and Albert Ansmann3 1Cyprus University of Technology, Dep. of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Limassol, Cyprus 2The Cyprus Institute, Energy, Environment, and Water Research Center, Nicosia, Cyprus 3Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany Correspondence to: Rodanthi-Elisavet Mamouri ([email protected]) Received: 26 April 2017 – Discussion started: 4 May 2017 Revised: 28 July 2017 – Accepted: 2 August 2017 – Published: 19 September 2017 Abstract. We applied the recently introduced polarization advantages in comparison to 355 and 1064 nm polarization lidar–photometer networking (POLIPHON) technique for lidar approaches and leads to the most robust and accurate the first time to triple-wavelength polarization lidar measure- POLIPHON products. ments at 355, 532, and 1064 nm. The lidar observations were performed at Barbados during the Saharan Aerosol Long- Range Transport and Aerosol-Cloud-Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE) in the summer of 2014. The POLIPHON 1 Introduction method comprises the traditional lidar technique to separate mineral dust and non-dust backscatter contributions and the Polarization lidar is a very powerful remote sensing tool for new, extended approach to separate even the fine and coarse aerosol and cloud research. The technique has been used for dust backscatter fractions. We show that the traditional and a long time to monitor and investigate cirrus cloud systems the advanced method are compatible and lead to a consis- (e.g., Sassen, 1991, 2005; Reichardt et al., 2002, 2008) and tent set of dust and non-dust profiles at simplified, less com- polar stratospheric cloud evolution (see, e.g., Browell et al., plex aerosol layering and mixing conditions as is the case 1990; Achtert and Tesche, 2014). -
Leviathan Leviathan
Leviathan™ st Low Cost Heavy Lift for the 21 Century™ Approved For Public Distribution - Copyright © 2011, DIRECT - All Rights Reserved Leviathan™ st Low Cost Heavy Lift for the 21 Century™ ™ The centerpiece of DIRECT ’s new fleet of space systems, Leviathan™, is a brand-new breed of low cost commercial heavy lift launch vehicle. It is specifically designed to provide unrivaled performance at a price that will finally enable affordable industrial access to space. Leviathan™ With a Payload Fairing diameter of 13.80 meters and a payload capacity over 140 metric tons, Leviathan™ is significantly larger than any other launch vehicle in history, including the Saturn-V rocket that once took astronauts to the moon. Nation / Vehicle Mission Reliability Launch Cost† LEO Payload† Cost / kg to LEO Space Shuttle 130 of 132 (98.48%) $850 million 24,400 kg $34,836 Delta-IV Heavy 13 of 14 (92.86%) $265 million 23,040 kg $11,502 Atlas-V 552 22 of 23 (95.65%) $190 million 20,050 kg $9,476 Ariane-V ES 51.55 (92.73%) $120 million 21,000 kg $5,714 Falcon-9 <Insufficient Data> $56 million 10,450 kg $5,359 Long March 2E 112 of 122 (91.80%) $55 million 14,100 kg $3,901 Proton-M 294 of 335 (87.76%) $80 million 21,000 kg $3,810 Leviathan™ 98.00% * $60 million * 140,000 kg * $429 * * Initial Estimates based on 6 flights per year † Based on publicly available information Leviathan™ is designed to be fully reusable (except the payload fairings) with a minimum of inspections and maintenance between flights. -
We Help Earth Benefit from Space in Summary 2019 Contents
WE HELP EARTH BENEFIT FROM SPACE IN SUMMARY 2019 CONTENTS About this report 2019 HIGHLIGHTS This is an English summary of Swedish 3 Space Corporation’s (SSC) 2019 Annual and Sustainability Report. CEO STATEMENT The Swedish report, available at our web- 4 site, is the legally binding annual report. THIS IS SSC The report summarizes the 2019 fiscal 6 year and covers performance on issues most important to SSC's ability to deliver SSC GLOBAL PRESENCE value to stakeholders in a changing and complex business environment. This 8 summary serves as our United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) Communi- EVOLVING SPACE LANDSCAPE 9 cations on Progress. Visit: STRATEGIC APPROACH https://www.sscspace.com/about-ssc/finances/reports-archive/ 10 Copyright: Unless otherwise indicated, SSC has the copyright to images in this publication. FOCUS AREAS FOR PROFITABLE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH 12 EMPLOYEES - OUR GREATEST ASSET 14 MEET OUR PEOPLE 15 2019 HIGHLIGHTS 2019 HIGHLIGHTS 2019 was another year of exciting space missions and projects for the space sector as a whole, but also for SSC. The rapid development has allowed us to grow and take new steps to prepare for the future. MASER 14 and inauguration of SubOrbital Express as a service Our MASER 14 sounding rocket reached an altitude of approximately 250 kilometers and spent over six minutes in microgravity. The mission inaugurated SubOrbital Express, a service to enable research into microgravity applications, atmospheric physics or other scientific disciplines. In this microgravity environment, we conducted experiments on fluid drainage, X-ray radio graphy and dust formation. Read more: https://www.suborbitalexpress.com Inauguration of exciting antenna art in Inuvik The two SSC antennas at the Inuvik site are painted by the local artists Anick Jenks and Ron English. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
Beyond the Paths of Heaven the Emergence of Space Power Thought
Beyond the Paths of Heaven The Emergence of Space Power Thought A Comprehensive Anthology of Space-Related Master’s Research Produced by the School of Advanced Airpower Studies Edited by Bruce M. DeBlois, Colonel, USAF Professor of Air and Space Technology Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama September 1999 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beyond the paths of heaven : the emergence of space power thought : a comprehensive anthology of space-related master’s research / edited by Bruce M. DeBlois. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Astronautics, Military. 2. Astronautics, Military—United States. 3. Space Warfare. 4. Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College. School of Advanced Airpower Studies- -Dissertations. I. Deblois, Bruce M., 1957- UG1520.B48 1999 99-35729 358’ .8—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-58566-067-1 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii OVERVIEW . ix PART I Space Organization, Doctrine, and Architecture 1 An Aerospace Strategy for an Aerospace Nation . 3 Stephen E. Wright 2 After the Gulf War: Balancing Space Power’s Development . 63 Frank Gallegos 3 Blueprints for the Future: Comparing National Security Space Architectures . 103 Christian C. Daehnick PART II Sanctuary/Survivability Perspectives 4 Safe Heavens: Military Strategy and Space Sanctuary . 185 David W. Ziegler PART III Space Control Perspectives 5 Counterspace Operations for Information Dominance . -
Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 2 May–June 2019 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 1 European industrial leadership at stake ............................................................................ 1 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 2 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 2 9th EU-ESA Space Council .......................................................................................... 2 Europe’s Martian ambitions take shape ......................................................................... 2 ESA’s advancements on Planetary Defence Systems ........................................................... 2 ESA prepares for rescuing Humans on Moon .................................................................... 3 ESA’s private partnerships ......................................................................................... 3 ESA’s international cooperation with Japan .................................................................... 3 New EU Parliament, new EU European Space Policy? ......................................................... 3 France reflects on its competitiveness and defence posture in space ...................................... 3 Germany joins consortium to support a European reusable rocket......................................... -
59864 Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 185/Wednesday, September 23
59864 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 185 / Wednesday, September 23, 2020 / Rules and Regulations FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS C. Congressional Review Act II. Report and Order COMMISSION 2. The Commission has determined, A. Allocating FTEs 47 CFR Part 1 and the Administrator of the Office of 5. In the FY 2020 NPRM, the Information and Regulatory Affairs, Commission proposed that non-auctions [MD Docket No. 20–105; FCC 20–120; FRS Office of Management and Budget, funded FTEs will be classified as direct 17050] concurs that these rules are non-major only if in one of the four core bureaus, under the Congressional Review Act, 5 i.e., in the Wireline Competition Assessment and Collection of U.S.C. 804(2). The Commission will Bureau, the Wireless Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2020 send a copy of this Report & Order to Telecommunications Bureau, the Media Congress and the Government Bureau, or the International Bureau. The AGENCY: Federal Communications indirect FTEs are from the following Commission. Accountability Office pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A). bureaus and offices: Enforcement ACTION: Final rule. Bureau, Consumer and Governmental 3. In this Report and Order, we adopt Affairs Bureau, Public Safety and SUMMARY: In this document, the a schedule to collect the $339,000,000 Homeland Security Bureau, Chairman Commission revises its Schedule of in congressionally required regulatory and Commissioners’ offices, Office of Regulatory Fees to recover an amount of fees for fiscal year (FY) 2020. The the Managing Director, Office of General $339,000,000 that Congress has required regulatory fees for all payors are due in Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, the Commission to collect for fiscal year September 2020. -
Esrange Launching Programme
ESRANGE SPACE CENTER EASP LAUNCHING PROGRAMME 16 AUGUST 2021 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rx/Bx TW SSC Cust Conf 2020 HEMERA SB 2020-2 Student balloon 1 balloon 1 balloon Mini-BOOSTER HEMERA SB 2020-1 3 balloons 2020 1 balloons SPIDER 2 1 IM rocket EOSTRE 1 balloon STERN 2020-2 LEONIS 1 rocket CNES 2021 BEXUS 30/31 STORT SF3 LTU IWC 16 MAPHEUS-11 4 balloons 2 balloons 1 Imp. Orion 1 Balloon 1 IM/IM rocket STORT SF1&2 TEXUS 57 BOLT-1 2Imp. Orion 1 VSB-30 rocket 1 S-31/IO rocket NO parachute test 2021 3-6 drops BROR test HADT 2021 REXUS 27/28 2 balloons STORT TF1 2 Imp. Orion rockets LTU IWC 17 1 IO rocket 1 Balloon HEMERA-2 MAPHEUS-9/10 CNES Pre-campaign 1 balloon 2 IM/IM rockets NASA summer 2022 / SUNRISE-3 REXUS 29/30 4 balloons BEXUS 32/33 2 Imp. Orion rockets SERA 4 2 balloons 1 rocket HADT 2022 TEXUS 58/59 (ESA) 2 balloons 2 VSB-30 rockets MIRIAM-2 MAIUS 2 HEMERA LSB-1 2022 1 IM/IO rocket 1 VSB-30 rocket 1 balloon BROR HIFLIER 1 1 IM/IO rocket 1 S-31/IO rocket S1X-M15 DLR ESBO STUDIO MAPHEUS-12 1 VSB-30 rocket 1 balloon 1 VSB-30 rocket STERN 2022-1 HyEnd 25th ESA-PAC symposium HEMERA-3 1 rocket Biarritz, France 1 balloon PERFORMED DECIDED TENTATIVE SCHEDULE UNDER CONSIDERATION NON-ESC LAUNCH PRE-TEST/OTHER EASTER ESRANGE SPACE CENTER EASP LAUNCHING PROGRAMME 16 AUGUST 2021 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Rx/Bx TW 26th ESA-PAC symposium HEMERA2-1 BEXUS 34/35 Switzerland 1 balloon 2 balloons REXUS 31/32 2 Imp. -
The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017
Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 January 2017 Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 i Contents About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2017) Publication produced for FAA AST by The Tauri Group under contract. NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. ii Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 GENERAL CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Launch Vehicles 9 Launch and Reentry Sites 21 Payloads 35 2016 Launch Events 39 2017 Annual Commercial Space Transportation Forecast 45 Space Transportation Law and Policy 83 Appendices 89 Orbital Launch Vehicle Fact Sheets 100 iii Contents DETAILED CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . -
FCC-21-49A1.Pdf
Federal Communications Commission FCC 21-49 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, DC 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for ) MD Docket No. 21-190 Fiscal Year 2021 ) ) Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for MD Docket No. 20-105 Fiscal Year 2020 REPORT AND ORDER AND NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING Adopted: May 3, 2021 Released: May 4, 2021 By the Commission: Comment Date: June 3, 2021 Reply Comment Date: June 18, 2021 Table of Contents Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1 II. BACKGROUND.....................................................................................................................................3 III. REPORT AND ORDER – NEW REGULATORY FEE CATEGORIES FOR CERTAIN NGSO SPACE STATIONS ....................................................................................................................6 IV. NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING .........................................................................................21 A. Methodology for Allocating FTEs..................................................................................................21 B. Calculating Regulatory Fees for Commercial Mobile Radio Services...........................................24 C. Direct Broadcast Satellite Regulatory Fees ....................................................................................30 D. Television Broadcaster Issues.........................................................................................................32 -
Japan's Technical Prowess International Cooperation
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency April 2016 No. 10 Special Features Japan’s Technical Prowess Technical excellence and team spirit are manifested in such activities as the space station capture of the HTV5 spacecraft, development of the H3 Launch Vehicle, and reduction of sonic boom in supersonic transport International Cooperation JAXA plays a central role in international society and contributes through diverse joint programs, including planetary exploration, and the utilization of Earth observation satellites in the environmental and disaster management fields Japan’s Technical Prowess Contents No. 10 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Special Feature 1: Japan’s Technical Prowess 1−3 Welcome to JAXA TODAY Activities of “Team Japan” Connecting the Earth and Space The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is positioned as We review some of the activities of “Team the pivotal organization supporting the Japanese government’s Japan,” including the successful capture of H-II Transfer Vehicle 5 (HTV5), which brought overall space development and utilization program with world- together JAXA, NASA and the International Space Station (ISS). leading technology. JAXA undertakes a full spectrum of activities, from basic research through development and utilization. 4–7 In 2013, to coincide with the 10th anniversary of its estab- 2020: The H3 Launch Vehicle Vision JAXA is currently pursuing the development lishment, JAXA defined its management philosophy as “utilizing of the H3 Launch Vehicle, which is expected space and the sky to achieve a safe and affluent society” and to become the backbone of Japan’s space development program and build strong adopted the new corporate slogan “Explore to Realize.” Under- international competitiveness. -
Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 91/Thursday, May 13, 2021/Proposed Rules
26262 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 91 / Thursday, May 13, 2021 / Proposed Rules FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS BCPI, Inc., 45 L Street NE, Washington, shown or given to Commission staff COMMISSION DC 20554. Customers may contact BCPI, during ex parte meetings are deemed to Inc. via their website, http:// be written ex parte presentations and 47 CFR Part 1 www.bcpi.com, or call 1–800–378–3160. must be filed consistent with section [MD Docket Nos. 20–105; MD Docket Nos. This document is available in 1.1206(b) of the Commission’s rules. In 21–190; FCC 21–49; FRS 26021] alternative formats (computer diskette, proceedings governed by section 1.49(f) large print, audio record, and braille). of the Commission’s rules or for which Assessment and Collection of Persons with disabilities who need the Commission has made available a Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2021 documents in these formats may contact method of electronic filing, written ex the FCC by email: [email protected] or parte presentations and memoranda AGENCY: Federal Communications phone: 202–418–0530 or TTY: 202–418– summarizing oral ex parte Commission. 0432. Effective March 19, 2020, and presentations, and all attachments ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. until further notice, the Commission no thereto, must be filed through the longer accepts any hand or messenger electronic comment filing system SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal delivered filings. This is a temporary available for that proceeding, and must Communications Commission measure taken to help protect the health be filed in their native format (e.g., .doc, (Commission) seeks comment on and safety of individuals, and to .xml, .ppt, searchable .pdf).