Leviathan Leviathan

Leviathan™ st Low Cost Heavy Lift for the 21 Century™

™ The centerpiece of DIRECT ’s new fleet of space systems, Leviathan™, is a brand-new breed of low cost commercial heavy lift launch vehicle. It is specifically designed to provide unrivaled performance at a price that will finally enable affordable industrial access to space.

Leviathan™

With a Payload Fairing diameter of 13.80 meters and a payload capacity over 140 metric tons, Leviathan™ is significantly larger than any other launch vehicle in history, including the Saturn-V rocket that once took astronauts to the moon.

Nation / Vehicle Mission Reliability Launch Cost† LEO Payload† Cost / kg to LEO Space Shuttle 130 of 132 (98.48%) $850 million 24,400 kg $34,836 Delta-IV Heavy 13 of 14 (92.86%) $265 million 23,040 kg $11,502 Atlas-V 552 22 of 23 (95.65%) $190 million 20,050 kg $9,476 Ariane-V ES 51.55 (92.73%) $120 million 21,000 kg $5,714 Falcon-9 $56 million 10,450 kg $5,359 Long March 2E 112 of 122 (91.80%) $55 million 14,100 kg $3,901 Proton-M 294 of 335 (87.76%) $80 million 21,000 kg $3,810 Leviathan™ 98.00% * $60 million * 140,000 kg * $429 * * Initial Estimates based on 6 flights per year † Based on publicly available information

Leviathan™ is designed to be fully reusable (except the payload fairings) with a minimum of inspections and maintenance between flights. Incorporating multiple layers of redundancy and fail-safe elements for all critical systems, plus a robust design featuring higher- than-standard factors of safety throughout, Leviathan™ will provide high reliability and mission assurance for all customers.

Game Changing Payload Delivery Services 1,820 mm 71.7 in 4,200mm From massive space telescopes 252.8 165.4 in and single-module space stations, cubic meters to powerful space based solar 8,927 power generating platforms, cubic feet Space Leviathan™’s giant fairing will (approx) 4,218.4 Leviathan™ Shuttle enable new large payloads. cubic meters 1,322 mm 52.1 in 148,970 The extra performance and cubic feet payload capacity provided by (approx)

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0 7 1 . 1 0 5 7 3 . 2 6 3 7 , , 0 1 6 5 , Additionally, the cost of lifting a 6 2 1 single payload may be further 1 reduced by use of multi- manifesting. The costs of a single Leviathan™ launch could 5,131 mm 13,800 mm potentially be shared by up to 202.0 in 543.3 in seven different clients, further Delta-IV Heavy ™ Lift Up To 7 Shuttle-Sized reducing the launch costs for each Leviathan Payloads Per Flight payload. Payload Fairing Comparison

Approx. 375 Metric Tons

ImageImage: Credit: NASA NASA THE CONVENTIONAL THE WAY APPROACH 12 Years to Assemble 3 Months to Assemble Over 100 Launches Only 3 Launches

N P O T N O P H O T O H

N I P P N O I N P N N N N A A A A P S S S S H-IIA O D D D D A A A A N N N N N A A A A S S S S H-IIA D D D D A A A A cnes cnes Over $50,000 million $180 million Total Launch Costs Total Launch Costs from start to end of assembly from start to end of assembly

Second Stage 140,000 kg Second Stage 140,000 kg Maximum G: 4.0 Shutdown Payload(s) De-Orbit Burn Payload(s) Stage Injected Deploy Within 24 Hours Continue Into 160x160 nmi T+448 sec In Orbit Circular Orbit T+418 sec Payload Fairing Jettison T+190 sec

Leviathan™ Launch Sequence to 160 nautical mile circular orbit, 29.0° inclination, direct injection First Stage Shutdown and Separation T+147 sec

Maximum G: 4.0

OCEANIC LAUNCH First Stage Second Stage 10% Engine-Out Landing & Recovery Landing & Recovery From T+0 sec ~470 miles downrange Within 24 Hours

Wildlife Protection Barrier 360° Around Launch Site Reusable Ballast Unit

Estimated Development Schedule 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Leviathan Launch Vehicle Development Production & Operations Olympia Supply Station Development Production & Operations Argo Orbital Tugboat Development Production & Operations Galleon Cargo Transport Ship Development Production & Ops. Helios Space Station Development Artemis Crew Transport Ship Development

Why Oceanic Launch™ ? Potential For The Future Leviathan™ uses innovative measures to minimize costs of Leviathan™ will enable a new generation of missions, many of production and launch operations, passing the savings directly to which are currently impossible: the customer. One way that DIRECT™ achieves this is by the use of the Oceanic Launch™ approach. With all the oceans of Earth - Industrial zero gravity manufacturing at viable cost as a potential launch site, DIRECT™ need never build large and - Environmentally beneficial space-based solar power systems costly launch complexes. Launches for both equatorial and polar - Low cost propellant delivery to orbit orbits can be prepared from a single Operations Center, then - Very high bandwidth communications platforms towed to any favorable latitude for launch. Additionally, by - Orbital debris removal launching at a distance offshore, the risk to population zones or - 12-meter diameter monolithic space telescopes valuable launch facilities can be practically eliminated. - Space stations larger than the ISS without orbital assembly - Large-scale human and robotic missions beyond Earth Orbit While un-traditional, the Oceanic Launch™ strategy has been - Complete satellite constellations on a single flight demonstrated extensively, with over 120 successful launches - Profitable mining of the moon and asteroids between 1961 and 1996 during various programs, most managed by the late Capt. Robert C. Truax, including the Naval Research Laboratory SEALAR program and Aerojet General’s Sea-Bee and Sea-Horse projects dating back to the 1960’s. All details are subject to change Copyright © 2011, DIRECT - All Rights Reserved For more information: [email protected]

Product Sheet Leviathan 008RC 110306