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Norway's Arctic Policy Creating Value, Managing Resources, Confronting Climate Change and Fostering Knowledge

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Norway's Arctic Policy Creating Value, Managing Resources, Confronting Climate Change and Fostering Knowledge norway's arctic policy Creating value, managing resources, confronting climate change and fostering knowledge. Developments in the Arctic concern us all. CHANGING FAST: the arctic In Bodø, new Introduction and traditional industries are developing side by side. PRIME MINISTER ERNA SOLBERG a sustainable future Every time I visit North Norway, I am inspired emergency preparedness and response, and by the dynamism of the people and industries in search and rescue services must all meet high the region. I am confident that we will succeed standards. The Government intends to deal with in further developing North Norway and turning these issues through responsible management. it into one of the most creative and sustainable regions of the country. We need to address key Norway has both interests and responsibilities challenges today to equip the High North to meet in the Arctic. It is therefore essential that we the demands of the future. play an active role in the area both to protect our rights and to fulfil our obligations in the The Arctic as a region is defined by its natural region. The Norwegian Coast Guard has a par- environment, its resources and its inhabitants. ticularly important role to play in this context. There is great potential for value creation in The Government will continue to ensure a high the interplay between traditional industries level of operational capability in the the north. and modern technology. The Government’s aim is to assist the business sector in the region in realising this potential by drawing on a sound // knowledge base and a dynamic education and research community. There is great potential The Arctic is Norway’s most important for- for value creation in the eign policy priority. We play a leading role in interplay between tra- international diplomacy in the Arctic and we ditional industries and are cooperating closely with other countries and organisations on how best to develop the region. modern technology. Our aim is to ensure that the Arctic continues to be stable, peaceful and predictable. The changes Our policy in the Arctic will build on the ex- in the security situation in Europe highlight the tensive efforts of previous governments. In the importance of this approach to management in time ahead, the Government will give priority an area with such abundant natural resources to the following five areas: but at the same time a highly vulnerable natural International cooperation environment. Business development Knowledge development The impacts of climate change are particu- Infrastructure larly marked in the Arctic. We are facing major Environmental protection and emergency pre- challenges that can only be tackled by means paredness of knowledge, responsible management and We intend to work hard to put our Arctic policy international cooperation. At the same time, into practice. You can read more about what new opportunities are opening up. The melting we are doing, as well as what we have already of the Arctic sea ice is likely to lead to an increase achieved, in this report. in maritime traffic between Europe and Asia through the Northeast Passage. The large oil Please note: This English version of the report and gas deposits that are thought to exist in the is an extract and updated version of the Norwe- Barents Sea can help to meet the world’s growing gian report «Nordkloden», that was launched in energy needs. The Arctic is a region where there November 2014. are long distances between economic centres and where weather conditions are harsh. The increasing human activity in this region means that infrastructure, environmental protection, 02 // thethe arcticarctic norway's arctic policy \ 03 the arctic Contents contents 03 A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 20 A KNOWLEDGE-BASED 33 MORE RELIABLE Introduction by Prime Minister Erna Solberg BUSINESS SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES 08 INTERNATIONAL There is great potential for growth in the The Government will promote effective COOPERATION north and the Government will promote transport solutions designed to increase value the development of a highly successful and creation, mobility, safety and cross-border LOOKING TO THE NORTH flexible business sector. cooperation. Effective international cooperation is increasingly important as the Arctic 26 BROAD-BASED 36 BETTER PREPAREDNESS AND becomes more accessible. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES Norway has important interests to safeguard The Government’s aim is for Norway to be The Government will set high environmental in the north. The Government will give leader in the field of knowledge in and about standards, improve preparedness, enhance safety priority to knowledge, business develop- the High North, and it will give high priority standards, and maintain close cooperation with ment and international cooperation. to research and education. other countries, all of which are essential for sustainable economic activity. 04 / the arctic norway's arctic policy \ 05 norway’s arctic policy Illustrated overview Clear evidence of climate change % loss of ice cover in the Barents Sea since 50 1980. The Arctic Ocean Effective monitoring may be ice-free in the summer by 2050. Temperatures in the Arctic Norwegian satellites, are rising two to three times as fast AISSat-1 and AISSat-2, as the global average. 2detect and track vessel traffic in the north. The largest ground station in the world for polar-orbiting satellites is in Svalbard. It downloads data from more than 80 satellites the arctic on a daily basis. Important for N orway, important for the world. Vulnerable environment polar bears 3000 live around Svalbard and in the northern Barents Sea. The breeding population of seabirds in this LONGYEARBYEN area totals 15 million, and the walrus population in the Svalbard area is about 4000. Rising volume Vital international of shipping cooperation % of maritime traffic Arctic states are in the Arctic passes KYSTVAKT members of the Arctic through Norwegian 80 Council. 12 non-Arctic waters. Maritime activity in the 8 states are observers. The Arctic north is substantial, but only Council is the only circumpolar a few ships transit the whole forum for political discussions Northeast Passage. at government level, and is attracting increasing attention outside the Arctic. Major seafood industry Huge petroleum potential % of undiscovered oil and 1 000 000 HAMMERFEST gas resources on the Nor- wegian continental shelf tonne cod quota in the Barents KIRKENES 43 are expected to lie in the Barents Sea. Sea in 2013. High quotas in 2014 These resources are the basis for the and 2015 too. MURMANSK ALTA petroleum-related supply industry in North Norway. TROMSØ RUSSIA Busy cross- border traffic Millions of people HARSTAD million people live in FINLAND 318 135 the Arctic. Nearly 10 % 4of Norway’s population Year-round tourism NARVIK Extensive research border crossings between live north of the Arctic Circle, SWEDEN Norway and Russia in 2014. a greater proportion than in % increase Norway is ranked no. 3 any other country in the world. in the number in the world, after the US 206 of overnight BODØ Abundant mineral resources 3 and Canada, in terms of stays in winter by visitors from the number of scientific publi- % of turnover from the Norwegian abroad from the 2005/06 cations in English on the Arctic. mining and mineral industry is gene- ORTH season to the 2012/13 season. ° 33’ N rated in North Norway and Svalbard. CLE 66 Strong focus on year-round 33 TIC CIR ARC tourism. illustration Børge Bredenbekk / byhands 06 / the arctic norway's arctic policy \ 07 ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS: international cooperation The Alomar Observatory on Andøya International perspective during lidar measurements. The laser pulses are used to study conditions in the atmosphere. // It is in everyone’s interests that the Arctic remains a peaceful and stable region. MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS BØRGE BRENDE Looking to the north Foreign Minister Børge Brende standing at the heart of the area that is Norway’s most important foreign policy priority, well aware that many other countries are also looking to the north, where new opportunities are opening up and important challenges need to be met. ENTER C ACE P ØYA S D N A LIX DAHLE, B PHOTO: KOLBJØRN PHOTO: 08 / the arctic norway's arctic policy \ 09 UN LEADER IN THE ARCTIC: international cooperation Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon // International perspective visited Svalbard in 2009 to see for himself how the climate is changing. It is no coincidence that countries such as China, South Korea and Japan have been queuing up to be granted observer status in the Arctic Council. MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS BØRGE BRENDE OP POLitiCianS including Hillary Clin- Peace and the Law of the Sea ton from the US, Laurent Fabius from On the subject of security policy and good neigh- France and Salman Khurshid from India. facts bourly relations: there is no hiding the fact that Chair of the IPCC Rajendra K. Pachauri. Russia’s actions in Ukraine are affecting relations T The Law UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. We have seen between Russia and the rest of Europe. How is the them all here, clearly impressed by the spectacular of the Sea situation influencing relations between Norway Norwegian landscape – snow-clad mountains, wide and Russia? skies and deep waters. The climate is changing – Together with the rest of Europe and our other rapidly here. These prominent visitors have hel- 200 allies, we are standing firm in defence of inter- ped to put the Arctic on the map. They have also The Convention on the national law and international rules in the face highlighted the global implications of climate Law of the Sea allows a of Russia’s conduct in Ukraine. This approach change and the importance of Norway’s role in coastal state to establish a is also important in the context of the Arctic.
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