Workshop Report
TECHNICAL REPORT
WORKSHOP
Anup NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 [Pick the date] NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | PHOTOGRAPHS P‐1
CONTENTS
Page
1.0 The NISAR Mission 1
2.0 NISAR Science Workshop 2
3.0 Workshop Proceedings 6
3.1 Application Breakout Sessions 9
4.0 Key Findings from the Workshop 23
APPENDICES Appendix - A: Program for NISAR Science Workshop A1 - A6 Appendix - B: Abstracts submitted for NISAR Science Workshop B1 - B27 Appendix – C: Total list of Registered Participants of NISAR Science Workshop C1 - C14 Appendix – D: List of Institutions Participated in the Workshop D1 – D2
Photographs P1 – P4
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014
1.0 The NISAR Mission
NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) is a collaborative mission jointly by the Indian Space Research Organisation and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), planned for launch in 2020. The mission is a dual L- and S-band polarimetric SAR with a 12-day interferometric orbit that will provide systematic global coverage over all the landmass including cryosphere. For the first time a novel SAR concept, called SweepSAR An artist’s conceept of NISAR will be utilized to image wide swath at high resolution of stripmap SAR. The primary science objectives of NISAR are to: monitor changes in vegetation structure and wetlands for understanding ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycle; measure land surface deformation due to earthquakes, volcanic activity, land subsidence/uplift and landslides; understand cryosphere dynamics and determine spatio- temporal changes in Himalayan Glaciers and their response to regional climate change; understand temporal behavior of coastal and oceanic processes; and support global disaster response. In addition, the mission is expected to support a host of additional science objectives and end-user applications.
Table 1: Maajor mission and payload specifications of NISAR
Parameters L-band SAR S-band SAR Orbit 747 km with 98 Inclination Repeat cycle 12 to 13 days Frequency (wavelength) 1.25GHz 40 MHz (25cm) 3.2GHz 37.5 MHz (9.3cm) Polarization Single/Dual/CP/Quad/Quasi-Quad pol Single/Dual/CP/Quasi-Quad pol Look Angle 30 to 41 30.35 to 40.79 Incidence Angle 34 to 47 34.37 to 46.88 Of-Nadir Coverage 440 to 690 km 447 to 677 km (Nominal) Resolution 6.9m (Az) 6.4m (Az) (Azimuth Slant range) 1.9m - 30m (Sl) 2m - 6m (Sl) Swath >242 Km >230 Km NE Sigma Naught -25dB (for required full-swath modes) -25dB (Baseline), -20dB (Threshold) Radiometric Resolution 1.5 dB (absolute radiometric accuracy) 3 dB (Single Look)
As a part of preparatory activities towards realization of NISAR mission, an airborne L & S band SAR is being developeed by SAC, ISRO and that will be in operation by the mid of 2016. The airborne SAR with similar operating frf equencies as NISAR will provide high resolution images in single, dual, circulaar, quad and quasi-quad polarizations in L & S bands in both discrete and simultaneous acquisition modes. Capable of imaging on demand, the L &
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 1
S band airborne SAR will enable several applications as envisaged in NISAR mission and help readiness towards utilization of NISAR data.
2.0 NISAR Science Workshop
The NISAR mission has defined various public outreach programs that include organization of annual workshops in USA and India with different objectives/themes. The first NISAR Science Workshop was organized at Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad during 17-18 November 2014 with the primary objectives of informing and involving Indian scientific community about NISAR mission; exploring new applications of dual-frequency SAR data; and searching for collaborative opportunities in SAR applications. The workshop followed the NISAR Applications Workshop organized by NASA-JPL at USGS headquarters in Reston, Virginia during 28-29 October 2014, where the scientific community of the USA was apprised of NISAR mission.
The NISAR science workshop invited from the participants, new ideas and innovations on SAR applications for societal benefit. Interested participants were asked to submit an abstract of their proposal/study and make 5 minutes presentations showing new application and innovative techniques for SAR data utilization. Some of the selected ideas were said to be considered for support under NISAR science programme.
The registration to the workshop was mandatory, free and open to all Indian scientists, researchers, students and professionals working in or having interest in SAR applications. Young scientists / researchers with zeal to take SAR applications to new frontiers were highly encouraged to attend and participate in the workshop.
The major applications projected for NISAR Science Workshop were: ecosystem dynamics, cryosphere studies, coastal process monitoring, oceanography, land deformation, geological mapping and disaster response. Apart from that several other applications including desertification, soil moisture estimation, enhanced crop monitoring, urban studies and weather and hydrological studies were also projected for the workshop.
Website (http://www.sac.gov.in/nisar) was developed for NISAR Science Workshop showing all necessary information about the workshop (Fig.1). A task team was formed by the Director, SAC to organize the workshop and sub-committees were formed to look after various aspects of the workshop. The interested persons were asked to submit registration forms online. Participants interested in 5-minute talks were advised to submit abstract of their talk along with the registration form for scrutiny.
The workshop was attended by over 380 participants representing 88 different institutions including government organizations, academic institutions and private sectors, spreading across India (Fig. 2). A delegation of scientists from NASA, JPL and other US universities participated in the workshop. During the workshop, 25 invited talks and 65 innovative ideas
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 2 were presented in four parallel break-out sessions arranged for four major application areas: 1) Ecosystem processes; 2) GeoSciences & Hazards; 3) Cryosphere studies and 4) Atmosphere, Ocean & Coasts.
Fig.1: Website for NISAR Science Workshop – 2014
The workshop to a great extent succeeded in bringing SAR data users community from all over India to a common platform. The format of the workshop, that allowed any person with a background or interest in remote sensing to participate and express his/her views on SAR applications for societal benefit, through a short presentation, has generated a lot of enthusiasm especially among the young researchers. During this workshop various new applications of SAR data were discussed and the corresponding measurement requirements, potential user agencies, data processing and product dissemination methods were identified.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 3
Task Team for NISAR Science Workshop
1. Shri. Tapan Misra, Chairman 2. Dr. Manab Chakraborty, Alternate Chairman 3. Dr. Raj Kumar, Member 4. Smt. Arundhati Misra, Member 5. Dr. (Smt.) Parul Patel, Member 6. Dr. Sandip R. Oza, Member 7. Dr. Bimal K. Bhattacharya, Member 8. Shri. D. Ram Rajak, Member 9. Shri Chakrapani Patnaik, Member 10. Dr. Rahul Nigam, Member 11. Shri. Satadru Bhattacharya, Member 12. Dr. K.M. Sreejith, Member 13. Shri Rakesh Bhan, Co-opted Member 14. Dr. Anup Kumar Das, Member-Secretary
Sub-committees formed for organization of NISAR Science Workshop
1. Technical Committee Responsibility: The major responsibilities of this committee were: organization of the technical program; identification and invitation to the speakers for invited talk; selection of topics for the workshop; evaluation of presentation materials; coordination and conduct of technical sessions; report preparation The following were the members of Technical Committee: Dr. Raj Kumar (GRD/EPSA, 6103) : Chairman Dr. A S Rajawat (GSD/EPSA, 4132) : Member Smt. Arundhati Misra (ATD/EPSA, 4105) : Member Dr. (Smt.) Parul Patel (CVD/EPSA, 4372) : Member Dr. Sandip R. Oza (OSD/EPSA, 6107) : Member Dr. Bimal K. Bhattacharya (CAD/EPSA, 4312) : Member Shri Satadru Bhattacharya (PMD/EPSA, 4361) : Member Dr. Anup K. Das (ATD/EPSA, 4003) : Member-Secretary
2. Web Development and Database Committee Responsibility: The major responsibilities of this committee were: website development; maintenance of participants’ database; facility for online registration; publicity in electronic media; database support to other committees The following were the members of Web Development and Database Committee: Shri Shashikant Sharma (RACF/EPSA, 4335) : Chairman Shri D. Ram Rajak (OSD/EPSA, 6114) : Member Shri Rajendra Gaikwad (DWD/EPSA, 4334) : Member Shri C Patnaik (ATD/EPSA, 4037) : Member-Secretary
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 4
3. Reception Committee Responsibility: The major responsibilities of this committee were: procurement of registration kit, mementos for the speakers; registration of participants on the venue; printing of flex banners/ display material; arrangements for poster presentation; facilitating smooth conduct of technical sessions. This committee will work in close coordination with Technical committee The following were the members of Reception Committee: Dr. Rahul Nigam (CAD/EPSA, 4377) : Chairman Dr. Saroj Maity (ATD/EPSA, 4035) : Member Dr. Dipanwita Halder (ATD/EPSA, 4003) : Member Smt. Shweta Sharma (CVD/EPSA, 4114) : Member Shri. B.P. Rathore (GSD/EPSA, 4361) : Member-Secretary
4. Logistics and Hospitality Committee Responsibility: The major responsibilities of this committee were: arrangement of transport, accommodation, food and refreshment
The following were the members of Logistics and Hospitality Committee: Dr. Sushil K Singh (GSD/EPSA, 4362) : Chairman Shri. P. Jayaprasad (OSD/EPSA, 6106) : Member Dr. K M Sreejith (GSD/EPSA, 4103) : Member Shri Sriram Saran (ATD/EPSA, 4134) : Member Dhamendra Mahitkar, PRO : Member Shri Dharmendra K. Pandey (ATD/EPSA, 4005) : Member-Secretary
5. Finance and Administration Committee Responsibility: This committee looked after the financial matter including approval for expenditures, clearance for foreign delegates, CISF clearance for delegates, etc.
The following were the members of Finance and Administration Committee: Shri J G Patel (EPSA, 4028) : Chairman Shri Krishna Murari Agarwal (AIPD/SIPA, 4762) : Member Shri Raghav Mehra (AIPD/SIPA, 6237) : Member Representative from Accounts : Member Hari Sankar Misra, P&S : Member Shri R.J. Bhanderi (GSD/EPSA, 4122) : Member-Secretary
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 5
Fig. 2: Spatial distribution and composition of Indian institutions participated in the workshop
3.0 Workshop Proceedings
The workshop was divided into multiple sessions of invited lectures by Indian and US experts on SAR applications and four parallel break-out sessions on the major application themes viz. 1) Ecosystem; 2) GeoSciences & Hazards; 3) Cryosphere and 4) Atmosphere, Ocean & Coasts. Original program of the NISAR Science Workshop is attached as Annexure-A in this document.
In the introductory session of the workshop, details of the NISAR mission, ISRO’s L & S band airborne SAR mission, NASA’s L-band UAVSAR mission, NISAR science plan, planned data products and key findings from US NISAR applications workshop were presented. The workshop was started with welcome address by Shri. Tapan Misra (Associate Project Director, NISAR Payload systems) and opening remarks by Shri. A.S. Kiran Kumar (Director, SAC). Further, Shri Tapan Misra presented before the audience an ‘Overview of NISAR Mission’ and following to that Dr. Manab Chakraborty, Group Director, GeoScience and Applications Group presented ‘ISRO Science Plan for NISAR Mission’. Dr. Gerald Bawden of NASA HQ who organized NISAR applications workshop at Reston, VA, USA presented the ‘Key findings from US NISAR Applications Workshop’. Shri. M. Ramanujam of SAC and Mr. Scott Hensley of JPL presented updates on ISRO’s ‘L & S Airborne SAR Mission’ and NASA’s ‘UAVSAR Mission’, respectively.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 6
Shri. Tapan Misra, SAC delivering talk on Dr. Manab Chakraborty, SAC delivering talk on ‘ISRO ‘Overview of NISAR mission’ Science Plan for NISAR mission’
Dr. Paul Rosen Prof. Bradford H. Hager Dr. Benjamin M. Holt Dr. Gerald W. Bawden NASA-JPL MIT NASA-JPPL NASA-Headquarters
Prof. Josef M. Kelindorfer Dr. Sanghamitra Dutta Scott Hensley Dr. Ian R. Joughin Woods Hole Res. Center NASA-Headquarters NASA-JPPL Univ. of Washington
Fig. 3: ISRO and US participants delivering talks on mission updates and possible applications of NISAR Mission
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 7
Fig. 4: Organizers of NISAR Science Workshop with the US delegates
Fig. 5: A section of the participants of NISAR Science Workshop, 2014
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 8
3.1 Application Breakout Sessions
Detailed discussions on possible applications of NISAR data, measurement and data requirements for NISAR mission was carried out in four parallel breakout sessions organized for four major application themes viz. 1) Ecosystem; 2) GeoSciences & Hazards; 3) Cryosphere and 4) Atmosphere, Ocean & Coasts.
The breakout sessions contain both invited talks from the subject experts and five minute innovative idea presentations from the participants. Total 60 out of 65 5-minute innovative idea presentations and 6 invited talks were made during the breakout sessions. Including 7 other invited talks by Indian experts made during joint sessions, there were total 73 application interests presented during the workshop. The detail of these application interests are presented below. All the presentations and workshop photographs are uploaded in the workshop website and shared with the participants. There were total 52 abstracts received from the presenters. Compilation of these abstracts are attached as Annexure-B in this document
Following are the details of the application-wise breakout sessions.
1. Ecosystem: This theme included applications of SAR data in forestry, agriculture, wetlands, mangrove, biodiversity, ecological processes, climate change response of ecosystems, biophysical parameter retrieval, land use/ land cover etc. This session was chaired by Dr. Josef M. Kelindorfer, Woods Hole Research Center, Massachusetts, USA and co-chaired by Dr. P.K. Pal, Space Applications Centre.
2. Geosciences and Hazards This theme included applications of SAR data in Geological sciences such as hydrology, tectonic/ volcanic study, mineralogy, archaeology, land deformation, urban application, natural and man-made hazards. This session was chaired by Dr. B.K. Rastogi, Institute of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar and co-chaired by Dr. Bradford H. Hager, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.
3. Cryosphere This theme included applications of SAR data in mountain snow & glaciers studies, glacier dynamics/ deformation monitoring, polar science, sea-ice, climate change effect on snow/ice etc. This session was chaired by Dr. Manab Chakraborty, Space Applications Centre and co- chaired by Dr. Ian R. Joughin, University of Washington, USA.
4. Atmosphere, Ocean and Coasts This theme included applications of SAR data in oceanic studies, ocean physical parameter retrieval, ship detection, oil-spill monitoring, coastal processes, coastal geomorphology and atmospheric studies such as tropical cyclones and atmospheric effect on SAR signal. This session was chaired by Dr. Raj Kumar, Space Applications Centre and co-chaired by Dr. Benjamin M Holt, JPL, NASA, USA.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 9
Fig. 6: Applications break-out sessions in progress.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 10
Table 2: Institution-wise distribution of presentations made/ application interests shown under different application themes during the workshop
GEOSCIENCES ATMOSPHERE, Institutions ECOSYSTEM AND CRYOSPHERE OCEAN & TOTAL HAZARDS COASTS SAC, Ahmedabad 7 5 5 5 22 NRSC, Hyderabad 2 2 1 5 ADRIN, Hyderabad 1 1 IIRS, Dehradun 3 1 1 5 RRSC-C, Nagpur 1 1 NESAC, Shillong 1 1 SDSC, Sriharikota 1 1 IIT-Roorkee 2 2 IIT-Bombay 1 1 1 3 IIT-Kharagpur 2 2 IIT-Delhi 1 1 AAU, Anand 1 1 Andhra Univ. 1 1 CSIR-NISCAIR 2 2 ICRS, Jodhpur 2 1 1 4 IISc, Bangalore 1 1 ISR, Gandhinagar 1 1 JNTU, Hyderabad 1 1 MG Science Instt 2 2 MNCFC, Delhi 1 1 MSU, Baroda 2 2 NCAOR, Goa 1 1 NIO, Goa 1 1 NCMRWF, NOIDA 1 1 NIOT, Chennai 1 1 PLANEX, PRL 1 1 SASE, DRDO 2 2 USAC, Dehradun 1 1 WIHG, Dehradun 1 1 CSIR-Fourth Paradigm Inst., Bangalore 1 1 Vidyankar Inst. of Tech., Mumbai 1 1 Govt. Arts College, Karur, TN 1 1 Swami Rama Himalayan Univ., Dehradun 1 1 TOTAL 29 20 13 11 73
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 11
Institution‐wise Distribution of Application Themes 25 Application theme‐wise presentations 40 29 30 20 20 20 13 11 10
0
15 ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN & COASTS AND
OCEAN Presentations
/ CRYOSPHERE
ECOSYSTEM CRYOSPHERE COASTS HAZARDS
10 & GEOSCIENCES AND HAZARDS GEOSCIENCES ATMOSPHERE,
Abstracts ECOSYSTEM of
5 Number
0 SAC, CSIR USAC, NCMRWF, IIT IIT ADRIN, JNTU, WIHG, ICRS, NIOT, RRSC NIO, Andhra IIT IIT ISR, AAU, MSU, MG MNCFC, NCAOR, NRSC, IIRS, CSIR Govt. PLANEX, IISc, NESAC, SASE, Vidyankar SDSC, Swami ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Roorkee Kharagpur Bombay Delhi
Gandhinagar Science
‐
‐
Bangalore
Ahmedabad Dehradun Goa
‐ NISCAIR
Fourth Jodhpur Anand
C,
Baroda Art Chennai DRDO
Hyderabad Sriharikota Hyderabad Dehradun
Dehradun Rama
Hyderabad
Univ. Shillong
Nagpur
Goa Delhi
PRL
College,
Intt NOIDA
Instt
Paradigm
Himalayan
of …
Karur …
… Organizations / Institutions
Fig.7: Institution-wise distribution of application themes presented during the workshop (Inset: bar diagram showing no. of presentations made / application interests shown by the participants under different application themes)
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 12
Table 3: Detail of abstract submitted / presentations made during 1st NISAR Science Workshop
Sl. Author Co-Authors Organization Abstract / Presentation Title Topic Sub-Theme THEME 1 Rajib Panigrahi IIT-Roorkee Biomass Estimation using SAR Data Biomass Forestry ECOSYSTEM 2 Shashi Kumar Shreya Chandola, IIRS, Dehradun PolInSAR based Modeling for Forest Aboveground Biomass Forestry ECOSYSTEM Unmesh Govind Biomass and Tree Height Retrieval Khati, Shefali Agarwal and S.P.S Kushwaha 3 C.P. Singh SAC, ISRO Forest Fuel Load Quantification Using Microwave Veg. Forestry ECOSYSTEM Sensing Resources 4 Hitendra Padalia M. Mustaffa IIRS, Dehradun Estimation of Above-Ground Biomass of a Tropical Forest Biomass Forestry ECOSYSTEM Site using Polarimetric SAR 5 Bimal K. SAC, ISRO Characterizing Ecosystem Stress Using SAR Remote Veg. Stress Agriculture ECOSYSTEM Bhattacharya Sensing for Optimized Agricultural Management 6 G. Sandhya Kiran Mudaliar MS Univ. Baroda Investigation of NI-SAR for biodiversity assessment Biodiversity Forestry ECOSYSTEM Ashwini, Jayrajsinh D Jadeja, Shiv Mohan, Y.S. Rao 7 T.R. Kiran Chand M. Suresh, NRSC, ISRO Forest Above Ground Biomass Estimation And Forest / Biomass Forestry ECOSYSTEM Rakesh, G. Non-Forest Classification For Central Indian Deciduous Rajashekar, Forests Using L-Band ALOS PALSAR Data C.S.Jha and V.K.Dadhwal 8 Alpana M. Shukla Rajsi Kot M.G. Science Crop Land Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar Crops LU/LC ECOSYSTEM Institute, Ahmedabad 9 Sneha Chopda NIO, Goa Applications of NISAR in Studying Bird Migration Flight Env. Biodiversity ECOSYSTEM Altitudes Conservation 10 Himanshu Maurya IIT-Roorkee Biomass estimation using SAR data Biomass Forestry ECOSYSTEM 11 Sanjeev Kimothi Swami Rama Microwave Emissivity and Land Surface Variable Soil Moisture Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM Himalayan Estimation: In the context of Uttarakhand Parameter University, Dehradun 12 Rahul Nigam SAC, ISRO Exploring SAR data for biophysical retrieval to enhance Veg. Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM agricultural monitoring Parameter Parameter
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 13
13 R.L. Mehta SAC, ISRO Identification of areas vulnerable to water-logging in Land LU/LC ECOSYSTEM irrigation command areas using L & S band airborne SAR Degradation data 14 Rucha Dave AAU, Anand Crop Biomass Retrieval for Gujarat using L and S band Biomass Agriculture ECOSYSTEM SAR data 15 OPN Calla ICRS, Jodhpur Ground Truth Collection using Ground Based Polarimetric Radar LU/LC ECOSYSTEM Scatterometer with multiple polarization operating at L- Signature Band (1215-1300MHz) and S-Band (3162-3237.5 MHz)
16 OPN Calla Kishan Lal Gadri, ICRS, Jodhpur Retrieval of high resolution surface soil moisture over Soil Moisture Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM Shubhra Mathur, India using NISAR Parameter Abhishek Kalla, Shruti Singhal, Amit Kumar 17 Varsha Turkar Vidyalankar PolSAR Image Classification for various Land Cover Image LU/LC ECOSYSTEM Institute of Features Classification Technology, Mumbai 18 Pooja Rana Shivani M Shah, SAC, ISRO Biophysical Parameters Assessment of vegetation Using Crops Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM Dipanwita Haldar, dual frequency SAR data Parameter Pushplata B Shah and Manab Chakraborty 19 Ramandeep Kaur M. G. Sandhya Kiran MS Univ. Baroda Retrieval of crop biophysical parameters from NISAR Crops Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM Malhi Parameter 20 John P George A. Lodh, Swapan NCMRWF, Use of Satellite Observations in the Soil Moisture Soil Moisture Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM Mallick and E N NOIDA Assimilation System at NCMRWF Parameter Rajagopal 21 Ashutosh Saidawat J. Sundaresan CSIR-NISCAIR, Impact of Sea Level Rise on Lakshadweep Islands Climate Climate ECOSYSTEM New Delhi Ecosystem change Impact Change 22 Pranay Kr. Singh J. Sundaresan CSIR-NISCAIR, Climate Change and Capacity Building for Small Island - Climate Climate ECOSYSTEM New Delhi Lakshadweep Islands change Impact Change 23 Alpana Shukla Mitali Gautam M.G. Science Potential Applications of NISAR L-band Data in Forest Biomass Forestry ECOSYSTEM Institute, Ecosystem Ahmedabad 24 Y.S. Rao IIT-Bombay Full and compact polarimetric SAR data analysis for Image LU/LC ECOSYSTEM various land features Classification 25 C.S. Jha NRSC, ISRO SAR applications in forestry: Present status and future Biomass Forestry ECOSYSTEM needs
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 14
26 S.S. Ray MNCFC, New Operational crop monitoring and production forecasting Crops Agriculture ECOSYSTEM Delhi using SAR data 27 K.R. Manjunath SAC, ISRO Remote sensing applications in agriculture: present Crops Agriculture ECOSYSTEM prospects and future needs 28 Harisankar IIRS, Dehradun SAR Applications in Soil Moisture Retrieval Soil Moisture Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM Srivastava Parameter 29 Sasmita Chaurasia SAC, ISRO Soil moisture retrieval using microwave remote sensing Soil Moisture Bio-Physical ECOSYSTEM Parameter 30 M.V.S.S. Giridhar JNTU, Hyderabad Flood Assessment, Monitoring and Management using Floods Disaster GEOSCIENCES SAR Management AND HAZARDS 31 K.M. Sreejith Ritesh Agarwal SAC, ISRO Crustal deformation studies using advanced InSAR time Earthquakes Disaster GEOSCIENCES series techniques Management AND HAZARDS 32 B K Rastogi Pallabee Institute of SAR Measurements for Earthquake Studies in India Earthquakes Disaster GEOSCIENCES Choudhury, Seismological Management AND Rakesh Dumka Research (ISR), HAZARDS and K.M. Sreejith Gandhinagar
33 John Mathew Ritwik Majumdar, NRSC, ISRO Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) for Seismic Earthquakes Disaster GEOSCIENCES K. Vinod Kumar Hazard Studies Management AND HAZARDS 34 P.Anabzhagan J.V. Thomas and IISc, Bangalore Source based Maximum Magnitude Estimation Earthquakes Disaster GEOSCIENCES A. Arunachalam Considering Remote Sensing Data, Micro earthquakes and Management AND Field Study HAZARDS 35 Shweta Sharma SAC, ISRO Impact of thermal expansion on Persistent Scatterer PSInSAR Disaster GEOSCIENCES Interferometry Products Management AND HAZARDS 36 Anil Earnest CSIR Fourth Subduction Zone Island arc volcanism – Active tectonic Volcanism Disaster GEOSCIENCES Paradigm constraints from Andaman Nicobar archipelago using Management AND Institute, NISAR HAZARDS Bangalore 37 Shiv Mohan S. Vijayan PLANEX, PRL, Study of Terrestrial Planetary Analogues using NISAR Planetary Planetary GEOSCIENCES Ahmedabad Analogue Analogue AND HAZARDS
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 15
38 Sandhya Rani Sushil Kumar SAC, ISRO Mapping of flows of Mount Sinabung volcano using Volcanism Disaster GEOSCIENCES Pattanaik Singh, RISAT-1 CFRS-1 data Management AND I.M.Bahuguna, HAZARDS A.S.Rajawat, Manab Chakraborty and Tapan Mishra 39 Anurag Kandya Manju Mohan IIT-Delhi Impact of Urban Canopies on Heat Islands: A case-study Urban Heat Urban GEOSCIENCES of megacity Delhi using Remote Sensing data Island AND HAZARDS 40 G. Sreenivasan A. K. Joshi RRSC-Central, Application of L-band SAR data for deriving vital Groundwater Hydrology GEOSCIENCES NRSC, ISRO Hydrogeological inputs for Groundwater Management management AND HAZARDS 41 Maneesha Gupta Anuja Sharma and SAC, ISRO Data Quality Evaluation and Monitoring Approach for Data quality Data quality GEOSCIENCES B. Kartikeyan SAR Sensors evaluation AND HAZARDS 42 Biswajit Manna Tapas Kr. Dey, IIT-Kharagpur “ITG-Tool”: A GUI based Software for Interferometric InSAR Tools Deformation GEOSCIENCES Debashish SAR processing for monitoring surface deformation AND Chakravarty, HAZARDS Arundhati Misra & Biswajit Samanta 43 A.Ilanthirayan Govt. Arts A Study on Urban Demographic structure of Coimbatore Demography Urban GEOSCIENCES College, Karur, City AND Tamil Nadu HAZARDS 44 P.K. Champati Ray IIRS, Dehradun SAR applications in land deformation and geological Land Disaster GEOSCIENCES hazards Deformation Management AND HAZARDS 45 Shaunak De IIT-Bombay Multi-angle urban classification using polarimetric SAR Image Urban GEOSCIENCES Classification AND HAZARDS 46 Ritesh Agrawal SAC, ISRO Suitability of SAR data for topographical modeling Topographic Topography/ GEOSCIENCES Modeling Terrain AND HAZARDS 47 Abdul Qadir NESAC, Shillong SAR Data utilization for deformation and plate tectonic Plate Tectonic Disaster GEOSCIENCES movement studies Management AND HAZARDS 48 Kausik Biswas Arundhati Misra, IIT-Kharagpur Study of ground deformation of Bhuj area using PSInSAR Land Disaster GEOSCIENCES Debashish Deformation Management AND Chakravarty and HAZARDS Pabitra Mitra
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 16
49 P. Manjushree NRSC, ISRO Disaster management support program of ISRO: Floods Disaster GEOSCIENCES Operational flood mapping and management Management AND HAZARDS 50 Praveen K. Thakur S.P. Aggarwal IIRS, Dehradun Snow and glacier studies highlights using L and C-band Snow/Glacier Himalayan CRYOSPHERE SAR data and future hydrological applications using SAR Hydrology Snow/Glacier data in part of North Western Himalayas
51 Sanchayita Kundu Manab SAC, ISRO Monitoring of glacial zones and transient snowlines of Snow/Glacier Himalayan CRYOSPHERE Chakraborty Chhota Shigri glacier using dual-polarized C band SAR Monitoring Snow/Glacier data 52 Sanjeev Kumar Snehmani SASE, DRDO, Application High Resolution SAR Imagery for Snow Snow Physical Himalayan CRYOSPHERE Dehradun Physical Parameter Estimation Parameter Snow/Glacier 53 Ankur Pandit IIT-Bombay Generation and Validation of the Interferometric SAR Glacier Himalayan CRYOSPHERE DEMs from TanDEM-X data for Indian Himalayan glacier Morphology Snow/Glacier 54 OPN Calla Shubhra Mathur, ICRS, Jodhpur The Applications of L-band and S-band Radar Snow/Glacier Himalayan CRYOSPHERE Kishan Lal Gadri, Measurements to Monitor Cryosphere Monitoring Snow/Glacier Shruti Singhal
55 Sandeep R. Oza Jayaprasad,P, R. SAC, ISRO Identification of Major Hot Spot Areas in selected parts of Polar Science Polar Science CRYOSPHERE Rajak, Sarvesh Antarctica with respect to spatiotemporal change of Land Palria and covers using Microwave Remote Sensing Data Santasheel Chakraborty 56 Nilendu Singh Pankaj Chauhan WIHG, Dehradun Energy balance partitioning and glacial processes: Role of Snow/Glacier Himalayan CRYOSPHERE SAR remote sensing Monitoring Snow/Glacier 57 Asha Thapliyal USAC, Dehradun Snow Parameters Estimation from backscattering Snow Physical Himalayan CRYOSPHERE measurements in the Central Himalayan region Parameter Snow/Glacier 58 P. Jayaprasad SAC, ISRO Monitoring and quantifying changes in ice velocities in Sea-Ice/ Polar Polar Science CRYOSPHERE Antarctic margins Ice 59 Sushil Kumar Singh SAC, ISRO Potential of Multi-frequency SAR applications in Snow/Glacier Himalayan CRYOSPHERE Himalayan cryosphere Monitoring Snow/Glacier 60 D. Ram Rajak SAC, ISRO Near Real Time Sea Ice Advisory for Safe Ship Routing Sea-Ice/ Polar Polar Science CRYOSPHERE During Antarctic Expeditions Ice 61 Shridhar D. Jawak NCAOR, Goa Prospective cryosphere applications of NASA-ISRO SAR Polar Science Polar Science CRYOSPHERE 62 Snehamani SASE, DRDO, Remote sensing of Snow and Avalanche in Himalayan Snow/Glacier Himalayan CRYOSPHERE Dehradun region Monitoring Snow/Glacier
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 17
63 S.K. Sasamal Bhuban Chandra NRSC, ISRO Ocean response of air bone L band SAR Oil Spill Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, Monitoring OCEAN & COASTS 64 Ratheesh Ritesh Agrawal, SAC, ISRO Monitoring of Marine Oil spill from SAR images: Oil Spill Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, Ramakrishnan A.S Rajawat and Automatic detection and classification of oil spills Monitoring OCEAN & T.J Majumdar COASTS 65 KVSR Prasad Andhra Oceanic Internal Waves from SAR Imageries in Bay of Ocean Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, University, Bengal Physical OCEAN & Vishakhapatnam Parameter COASTS 66 OPN Calla Shruti Singhal, ICRS, Jodhpur NISAR Coastal Watch Applications and Demonstration Coastal Coastal ATMOSPHERE, Shubhra Mathur Services Applications OCEAN & COASTS 67 R.K. Sarangi SAC, ISRO Mud flat / mud bank monitoring using advanced Radar Coastal Coastal ATMOSPHERE, imaging Process Monitoring OCEAN & Monitoring COASTS 68 Jay S. Upadhyay NIOT, Chennai Applications of SAR in Ocean Observations: National Ocean Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, Data Buoy Program Physical OCEAN & Parameter COASTS 69 Raj Kumar SAC, ISRO Ocean parameter retrieval using SAR data Ocean Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, Physical OCEAN & Parameter COASTS 70 R. Ramachandran ADRIN, Ship Detection using SAR Ship Detection Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, Hyderabad OCEAN & COASTS 71 Meka Rajasekhar SDSC, ISRO Internal waves in Bay of Bengal by SAR observations Ocean Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, Physical OCEAN & Parameter COASTS 72 C.M. Kistawal SAC, ISRO Possible use of NISAR observations for tropical cyclone Tropical Atmosphere ATMOSPHERE, studies Cyclone OCEAN & COASTS 73 R.M. Gairola SAC, ISRO Retrieval of ocean parameters from NISAR Ocean Oceanography ATMOSPHERE, Physical OCEAN & Parameter COASTS
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 18
Table 4:Institution-wise distribution of application interests – Ecosystem Theme (total 29)
Delhi
ECOSYSTEM Instt
Anand Jodhpur
NISCAIR
Goa
SUB-THEMES ‐ Sc.
Univ.
R B ‐ ‐ NIO, MNCFC, CSIR MS NCMRWF Others AAU, SAC NRSC IIRS IIT IIT ICRS, MG Forest Veg. / Biomass 1 2 2 2 1 Agriculture/ Crops 2 1 1 Biodiversity 1 1 Bio‐physical Parameter 2 1 LU/LC Classification 1 1 1 1 1 Climate Change Response 2 Soil Moisture Retrieval 1 1 1 1 1
ECOSYSTEM Others
8 NCMRWF 7 CSIR‐NISCAIR 6 MNCFC 5 NIO 4 MS Univ. 3 AAU, Anand 2 Presentations/Abstracts MG Sc. Instt of 1
No. 0 ICRS, Jodhpur IIT‐B IIT‐R IIRS NRSC SAC Applications Topics
Fig. 8: Graphical representation of the above (Ecosystem theme)
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 19
Table 5:Institution-wise distribution of application interests – Geosciences & Hazards Theme (total 20)
PRL
GEOSCIENCES &
C
HAZARDS ‐
SAC
D B Kh ‐ ‐ ‐ SUB-THEMES ‐ IIT IIT ISR, Gandhinagar IISc JNTU NE PLANEX, Others SAC NRSC IIRS RRSC IIT Hydrology / Flood 1 1 1 Geology 1 Seismic Deformation 1 1 1 1 PSInSAR / Tools 2 1 Tectonic/ Volcanic Study 1 1 1 Urban Applications 1 1 1 Land Deformation 1 1 Planetary Analogue 1
GEOSCIENCES AND HAZARDS Others 4 PLANEX, PRL NE‐SAC 3 JNTU
2 IISc ISR 1 IIT‐Kh Presentations/Abstracts
of
IIT‐B
No. 0 IIT‐D RRSC‐C IIRS NRSC SAC
Applications Topics
Fig. 9: Graphical representation of the above (Geosciences & Hazards theme)
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 20
Table 6:Institution-wise distribution of application interests – Cryosphere Theme (total 13)
CRYOSPHERE
Dehradun
SUB-THEMES Jodhpur
B ‐ SAC IIRS SASE ICRS, WIHG, USAC IIT NCAOR Snow/Glacier Hydrology 1 Snow/Glacier Monitoring 2 1 1 1 Snow Physical Parameter 1 1 Glacier Morphology 1 Polar Science 1 1 Sea‐Ice / Polar‐Ice 2
CRYOSPHERE 5
4
3 IIT‐B 2 USAC Presentations/Abstracts 1
of WIHG, Dehradun
No. 0 ICRS, Jodhpur SASE IIRS SAC
Applications Topics
Fig. 10: Graphical representation of the above (Cryosphere theme)
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 21
Table 7:Institution-wise distribution of application interests – Atmosphere, Ocean & Coasts Theme (total 10)
ATMOSPHERE, Univ
SHAR
OCEAN & COASTS Jodhpur
SUB-THEMES NIOT ICRS, Andhra SAC NRSC ADRIN SDSC, Oil Spill Monitoring 1 1 Ship Detection 1 Ocean Physical Parameter 2 1 1 1 Coastal Applications 1 1 Atmospheric Applications 1
ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN & COASTS
5 4 Abstracts
NIOT /
3 Andhra Univ 2 ICRS, Jodhpur 1 SDSC, SHAR Presentations ADRIN 0 of NRSC No. SAC
Applications Topics
Fig. 11: Graphical representation of the above (Atmosphere, Ocean & Coasts theme)
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 22
4.0 Key Findings from the Workshop
The workshop succeeded in bringing SAR data users community from all over India to a common platform. During this workshop various new applications of SAR data were discussed and the corresponding measurement requirements, user agencies, data processing and product dissemination methods were identified. Details of the technical discussions on application areas and measurement requirements during the breakout sessions are listed in Table 8, below.
Several institutions, other than ISRO centers were identified who are either involved in or interested in SAR applications for terrestrial studies. Following is the list of institutions who presented their activities or innovative ideas on SAR applications, during the workshop.
1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad 2 National Remote Sensing Center, Hyderabad 3 ADRIN, Hyderabad 4 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun 5 Regional Remote Sensing Center-Central, Nagpur 6 North Eastern SAC, Shillong 7 Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota 8 Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee 9 Indian Institute of Technology -Bombay 10 Indian Institute of Technology -Kharagpur 11 Indian Institute of Technology -Delhi 12 Anand Agriculture University, Anand (Gujarat) 13 Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam 14 CSIR-NISCAIR, New Delhi 15 International Center for Radio Science, Jodhpur 16 Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 17 Institute of Seismological Research, Gandhinagar 18 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad 19 MG Science Institute, Ahmedabad 20 Mahalonobis National Crop Forecasting Center, Delhi 21 M.S. University, Baroda 22 National Center for Antarctic and Oceanic Research, Goa 23 National Institute of Oceanography, Goa 24 National Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, NOIDA, UP 25 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai 26 PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 27 Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, DRDO, Dehradun 28 Uttarakhand SAC, Dehradun 29 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun 30 CSIR-Fourth Paradigm Inst., Bangalore 31 Vidyankar Inst. of Tech., Mumbai 32 Govt. Arts College, Karur, TN 33 Swami Rama Himalayan Univ., Dehradun
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 23
Several other institutions though not made any presentation during the workshop, but showed interest in participating in NISAR utilization plan. They were advised to keep a watch on the developments in NISAR mission through the website developed for NISAR workshop and submit project proposals for L&S airborne SAR data utilization, when an announcement is made on that.
During the workshop various new application of SAR data were came out. Although several of these applications are in conceptual level, these ideas generated brain storming discussions and various aspects of these applications were discussed. Some of the new applications came up during the workshop are listed below.
ECOSYSTEM:
Ecosystem stress assessment: Assessment of ecosystem stress through periodic monitoring of soil wetness and crop phenology is vital for optimized agricultural management and this can be integrated with the Agromet-Advisory Services (AAS) in India. NISAR dual-frequency data in 12-13 days interval will be highly suitable for this. Interested institution is SAC (Ahmedabad). Potential host agency is Min of Agril. Vegetation phenology: Monitoring and study of vegetation phenology is important for crop management and assessing effect of climate change on vegetation. High temporal NISAR dual polarization (HH+HV) data in L/S bands are required for this. Interested institutions are SAC (Ahmedabad) and NRSC (Hyderabad). Land Vulnerability: SAR is a proven technique in arid regions for assessment of land venerability for water-logging, moisture stress and flooding. L-band SAR with high surface penetrability will be suitable for land venerability monitoring and assessment in arid regions of Rajasthan, India. Interested institutions are SAC (Ahmedabad) and BIT- Mesra. Vegetation tomography (PolInSAR): Vegetation height, canopy structure and vertical distribution are of paramount importance for accurate characterization of vegetation biomass, especially in forests. This can be addressed through Polarimetric Interferometric SAR (PolInSAR) analysis. NISAR should provide PolInSAR data in at least one of the frequencies. Interested institutions are SAC (Ahmedabad), IIRS (Dehradun) and NRSC (Hyderabad). Potential host agencies are FSI, State Forest Depts. and MoEF.
GEOSCIENCES AND HAZARDS:
Land degradation mapping: Applications of SAR data in land degradation mapping and desertification studies must be addressed by NISAR. NISAR L and S bans data in dual and circular polarization will be suitable for this study. Interested institution is SAC (Ahmedabad). Potential host agencies are State Govt. Depts. and Natural resource managers. Geo-archaeology: Sensitivity of SAR polarized signal to target structure and orientation makes it suitable tool for geo-archaeology. Investigation of archaeological sites, especially buried features can be done using L &S band data from NISAR. High
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 24
resolution dual-polarized data is required for this. Interested institutions are SAC and NRSC. Potential host agency is Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Mineral explorations: Association of geological structures to occurrence of minerals is the key for mineral exploration using SAR data. High resolution dual-and circular (hybrid) polarization data in both L&S bands from NISAR is required for this. Urban Applications: NISAR data has huge potential for urban applications such as urban sprawl, morphological zonation, 3D city model and urban land use. Dual (HH+HV) and circular polarization data at multiple incidence angles are required for this. Interested institutions are SAC, IIT-Delhi, Indus University. InSAR processing tools: There is a need for InSAR processing tool specific to NISAR data. Tool for Persistent Scatterer based InSAR processing is also needs to be developed. Interested institutions are SAC (Ahmedabad) and IIT (Kharagpur).
CRYOSPHERE:
Glacier hazards: Glacier hazard monitoring should be a part of glacier monitoring. Hazards due to the crevasses, glacier melting, fragile zones etc. needs to be reported/ forecasted for expeditioners and field researchers for safety purpose. NISAR data will be very useful for glacier hazard monitoring. Interested institution is SAC (Ahmedabad) Climate response to glaciers: Glaciers world-wide are reported to be shrinking, stable or expanding. A possible climate change impact on mountain glaciers, particularly Himalayan glaciers needs to be studied urgently. NISAR will play a major role in this study. L or S-band dual and full polarization data at high repeat cycle (10days) is crucial for the study. Interested institutions are SAC (Ahmedabad), IIRS (Dehradun), SASE (Dehradun). Advisory on safer marine navigation and sea ice: Frequent monitoring of sea ice, wave height etc. in temporal and polar seas is vital for safer navigation. An advisory service can be initiated in India using NISAR data at dual polarization with repeat cycle of 2-4 days. Interested institutions are SAC (Ahmedabad), NCAOR (Goa).
ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN, COASTS:
Coastal watch services: Coastal watch services on coastal wind, wave height, ships, oil spill and pollution is important for several activities including navigation, fishing, recreation, aquaculture etc. in India. NISAR data in dual polarization with high repeat cycle will be very useful for this activity. Interested institutions are SAC (Ahmedabad), ICRS (Jodhpur) and Andhra University (Vizag). Possible use of SAR for tropical cyclone: SAR data can be effectively used for cyclone monitoring and mitigation. NISAR data can be looked into for cloud movements and moisture content during tropical cyclones. Interested institution is SAC (Ahmedabad).
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 25
Table 8: Summary of the major findings on application objectives, measurement requirements, data products and potential host agencies etc. ECOSYSTEM Application Application Measurement Measurement Mission Data Potential Maturity Ancillary Question / Focus Objectives Objectives Requirement Product Host Agency Level Of Measurements Application Required
1 Forest above crown volume, trunk Produce estimates of Forest type map, L Full pol L and FSI, MoEF, R&D level / In situ ground - biomass volume and mass, aboveground woody and S PolInSAR, S band with State Forest Testing and allometric estimation stand/tree height biomass of Indian 2-3 days temporal repeat passes Depts. validation measurements. forests within an error of interval. for InSAR required regression 25% (or 25 t/ha) at 1 ha applications based, semi- resolution for areas of empirical, low biomass (< 100 t/ha) WCM, Int- annually. WCM 2 Forest fuel forest floor fuel, litter Dual pol L and S band Vegetation IIT, ISRO, R&D level estimation, burn data- HH/HV moisture level, FSI, MoEF, severity forest floor State Forest Departments 3 Biodiversity broad types, Dual pol L and S band Biomass, species Biodiversity R&D level phenological, data- HH/HV map biophysical parameters 4 Vegetation and homogeneous >80%- classif accuracy, Full pol/Dual pol crop type assemblages, oilseed minimal commission /compact L and S identification and error. band data- HH/HV growing conditions, crop parameter - stage, timber forest ht., row direction, distribution 5 Ecosystem stress surface wetness and 90% accuracy in full polarimetry S Conceptual veg phenology, growth wetness scale and L pol Level stage and degree of IR thermometer stress based measurements 6 Bird migration bird detection, non bird migration pattern dual S and L Conceptual echoes, density, studies and ground data Level migration timing and verification altitude
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 26
7 Crop biomass Rice biomass, rice >85% accuracy at Crop area, Dual pol L and Min of Agril. Operational / production forecast, hectare scale biomass, crop S band data- Testing and biomass of other major health, production HH/HV validation crops (cotton, jute etc.) 8 Crop rice cultural types , crop parameter - stage, full pol and R&D level discrimination medium and tall- height., row direction, compact pol data determinate and etc. indeterminate crops , mustard scattering variations - leaf, flowering, podding, zaid crop discrimination 9 Crop biophysical retrieval of LAI, LAI, biomass samples dual HH/HV S R&D level parameter roughness parameters, collection and L data crop height, VWC/optical depth biomass at peak veg stage >5t/ha, crop residue 10 Crop phenology sowing, transplantation ground verification of dual HH/HV S R&D level dates, early veg/ peak sampled locations and L data veg/reproductive stages 11 Vulnerability water logging extent, dual HH/HV S optical and detection duration, crop damage and L data SAR synergy & structural damage (crop lodging)assessment, canal seepage 12 Coastal ecology terrace and island L&S dual pol/ R&D level Agriculture CP; 12 days 13 Ground-based Generating multi- Pre and post launch full polarimetric Conceptual scatterometer in L frequency scattering Cal/Val activities, and a/c 15-50 Level and S-band signature library for ground based degree incidence land targets observation and range simulation of scattering coefficient
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 27
14 Soil moisture bare soil and crop R&D level estimation and season soil moisture retrieval 15 Water logging and change in dielectric Conceptual salinity constant with moisture Level and salt conc. 16 Irrigation determination of water HH/ HV Conceptual scheduling deficit level at critical polarization at 15- Level stages sp to crop 20 degree incidence angle 17 High resolution 100m or better spatial Conceptual weather forecasting resolution on daily Level basis 18 Roughness roughness as a function VV/VH pol L/S R&D level modelling of frequency and band incidence angle 19 Vulnerability and Conceptual adaptations of Level island ecosystem 20 Sources of Conceptual contribution of Level moisture availability to crops
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 28
GEOSCIENCE AND HAZARDS Application Application Measurement Measurement Mission Data Potential Maturity Ancillary Question / Focus Objectives Objectives Requirements Product Host Agency Level of Measurements Application Required
1 Tectonic co-seismic, post- 1 mm accuracy, wide both L&S bands, InSAR Research & R&D level seismic and inter- swath (250 km) 12 days repetivity, academic seismic deformation, single pol, global Institutes volcanic deformation, coverage landslide
2 Non-tectonic Mining, Ground water, 1 mm accuracy (InSAR) full polarimetry, multi looked DTRL R&D level urban, coastal wide swath (250 ortho-rectified, deformation km) geocoded products 3 Geo-archaeology, Identification and Mapping at 1:25,000 L, S (full multi looked Research R&D level Ground water, mapping of geological scale or higher polarimetry); ortho-rectified, &academic Geomorphology, features 5-10m spatial geocoded, SLC Institutes, Paleo channel resolution Govt. Departments 4 Operational flood Provide timely flood Flood inundation L, S (full Flood zonation, Government operational Meteorological mapping inundation maps for mapping at 1ha scale polarimetry), fast inundation Departments data, Land mitigation purposes, every 2-3 days in the data transmission; maps cover flood vulnerability event of flood with an 5-10m spatial assessment error of estimation < resolution 15% 5 Active fault Identification and Mapping at 1:25,000 L, S (full multi looked Government R&D level mapping, mapping of geological scale or higher polarimetry); 5- ortho-rectified, Departments geological mapping features 10m spatial geocoded, SLC for mineral resolution exploration 6 Development of Tool development ISRO, IIT- tools for InSAR Kharagpur processing
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 29
CRYOSPHERE Application Application Measurement Measurement Mission Data Potential Maturity Ancillary Question / Focus Objectives Objectives Requirement Product Host Agency Level Of Measurements Application Required
1 Climate change Snow Cover Area At a resolution of 30 m L- Quad pol. & S- SLC (single Operational/ response of and an aerial extent error CP; 12 day look complex) validation snow/glaciers of 20% throughout a year required 2 Inter-annual and Snow wetness accuracy of 80% at 30 L- Quad pol. & S- RAW + SLC R&D level seasonal variability classification m resolution and an CP; 12 day snow pack error of 20% throughout a year 3 Climate change Glacial Zones at a resolution of 30 m L- Quad pol. & S- R&D level response of classification and classification CP; 12 day glaciers accuracy better than throughout a year 80% 4 Climate response Glacial Dynamics; Glacier movement with 3m resolution SLC, InSAR R&D level of glaciers glacier Mass Balance an accuracy of 1m/day dual HH+HV pol and glacier displacement data, L & S-band of 5cm/yr at 100m scale 12days repeat every 6 days 5 Glacier hazards High altitude and 3m resolution R&D level Glacial lakes dual HH+HV pol and CP data, L and S-band 6 Climate response sea ice dynamics 30m resolution multi looked R&D level on sea ice ortho-rectified, geocoded products 7 Safer Ship Sea ice 30m ; quad pol. S multi looked Conceptual Navigation & sea characterization, Sea & L band ortho-rectified, level ice advisory ice cover, thickness, geocoded, SLC melt onset, lead detection, Polynya monitoring
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 30
8 Ice Shelf stability Mapping of ice rise, 3m resolution multi looked R&D level Polar (Antarctic, dual HH+HV pol ortho-rectified, Svalberd, Greenland) data, L & S-band geocoded, SLC dynamics, Ice berg 12days repeat calving, Ice berg Tracking, Melting Index, Crevasse monitoring, Monitoring of ice front changes
ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN AND COASTS Application Application Measurement Measurement Mission Data Potential Maturity Ancillary Question / Focus Objectives Objectives Requirement Product Host Agency Level Of Measurements Application Required
1 Monitoring Internal Detection of internal estimation of coastal L-band / S-band or ortho-rectified, SDSC, Research and In-situ data for waves waves in Bay of Bengal wind speed weekly Both; HH+HV geocoded, SLC Andhra Univ. Analysis Level stratification within the error of Polarization; 2m/sec at 1km resolution. Along Track Interferometery 2 Ocean observation Validation of geo- L-band/S-band NIOT Testing & physical parameters data required Validation e.g. wind speed, currents etc. 3 Oil spill detection Detection & L/S Band (L-band multi looked SAC Research & In-situ data for Classification preferable); Inc 20 ortho-rectified, Analysis oil type & - 40 deg geocoded thickness products 4 Tropical cyclone Possible use of NISAR L-band HH pol; SAC Testing & Synergy with observations for >10m resolution; Validation GPM (satellite tropical cyclones 200km swath; S- microwave rain band for data) differential rain measurements
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 31
5 Retrieval of WS, Retrieval of ocean L-band/ S-band scatterometer, SWH , SSS, soil parameters from INSAT-3d, in moisture etc NISAR situ observations 6 Coastal watch Detection of oil spills L-band +S-band; multi looked ICRS, Testing & Ground based applications Arabian Sea + Bay ortho-rectified, Jodhpur Validation scatterometer of Bengal geocoded (investigator products already having the data) 7 Mapping of coastal Mud flat/ mud bank maps of coastal L+ S band , Resol: SLC data, SAC; Research & Some optical erosional monitoring erosional /depositional 5-10 m; Swath: ortho-rectified, Potential Analysis data+ In-Situ /depositional features at 30m 200km: Repet.: geocoded Users: GSI, Data+ Bio- features resolution, half yearly 10-15 days products FSI, MOES, Geo-Chemical Maritime Data board
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 32
Appendix – A
Program for NISAR Science Workshop Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 17-18 November 2014 Venue: SAC New Auditorium
17 November MONDAY 0900 – 1000 Registration of Participants (Basement of New Auditorium) 1000 – 1005 Welcome Address Tapan Misra, SAC 1005 – 1020 Opening Remarks Director, SAC 1020 – 1035 NISAR Mission Overview Tapan Misra, SAC 1035 – 1100 ISRO Science Plan for NISAR Mission Manab Chakraborty, SAC 1100 – 1130 Tea Break 1130 – 1150 NASA Perspectives on the NISAR Mission Sanghamitra Dutta, NASA 1150 – 1200 L & S band Airborne SAR mission M. Ramanujam, SAC 1200 – 1215 UAVSAR as a bridge to Maturing Possible NISAR Scott Hensley, JPL Science and Applications 1215 – 1245 Planned Data Products and Science Processing Paul Rosen, JPL Paradigm for the NISAR Mission 1245 – 1300 Key Findings from US NISAR Applications Gerald W. Bawden, USGS Workshop 1300 – 1400 Lunch Break Invited Talks: Ecosystem (Co‐Chairs: Dr. Josef M. Kelindorfer, WHRC and Dr. P.K. Pal, SAC) 1400 – 1420 Ecosystem science goals and application Dr. Josef M. Kelindorfer, opportunities with the NISAR mission Woods Hole Research Center 1420 – 1435 SAR applications in forestry: Present status and C.S. Jha, NRSC future needs 1435 – 1450 Operational crop monitoring and production S.S. Ray, MNCFC, Delhi forecasting using SAR data Invited Talks: GeoSciences and Hazards (Co‐Chairs: Dr. B.K. Rastogi, ISR & Dr. Bradford H. Hager, MIT) 1450 – 1510 Anticipated advances in solid earth sciences from Bradford H. Hager, MIT NISAR 1515 – 1530 SAR measurements for earthquake studies in India B.K. Rastogi, ISR 1530 – 1545 Tea Break 1545 – 1600 SAR applications in land deformation and P.K. Champati Ray, IIRS geological hazards Invited Talks: Cryosphere (Co‐Chairs: Dr. Manab Chakraborty, SAC & Dr. Ian R. Joughin, Univ. of Washington) 1600 – 1615 Remote sensing of Snow and Avalanche in Snehmani, SASE Himalayan region 1615 – 1635 Measuring Ice‐sheet dynamics from space: past, Ian R. Joughin, Univ. Of present and future Washington 1635 – 1650 SAR applications in Himalayan Snow & glacier Manab Chakraborty, SAC monitoring
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Main Program A‐1
Invited Talks: Atmosphere, Ocean & Coasts (Co‐Chairs: Dr. Raj Kumar, SAC & Dr. Benjamin M Holt, JPL) 1650 – 1710 Ocean Studies with SAR Benjamin M. Holt, JPL 1710 – 1725 Ship Detection using SAR R. Ramachandran, ADRIN 1725 – 1740 Ocean parameter retrieval using SAR data Raj Kumar, SAC 1740 – 1800 High Tea Panel Discussion Moderator: Paul Rosen (JPL) 1800 ‐ 1840 Panelists: Tapan Misra (SAC), P.K. Pal (SAC), Mylswamy Annadurai (ISRO), Sanghamitra Dutta (NASA), M. Craig Dobson (NASA) 1840 Adjourn 18 November TUESDAY 0930 – 1000 Characterizing regional and global hydrology Gerald W. Bawden, NASA with NISAR 1000 – 1020 Full and compact polarimetric SAR data Y.S. Rao, IIT‐Bombay analysis for various land features 1020 – 1050 Sea Ice studies with SAR Benjamin M. Holt, JPL 1050 – 1100 Brief on Breakout Sessions (Identify Potential Anup Das, SAC NISAR Applications and Measurement Requirements) 1100 – 1130 Tea Break 1130 – 1300 Breakout‐1: Four Application areas in Four parallel sessions; Venue and Co‐Chairs for applications are listed below: Ecosystem Vikram Hall – Dr. Josef M. Kelindorfer, Woods Hole Main lecture Hall Research Center & Dr. P.K. Pal, SAC Geosciences Vikram Hall – Dr. B.K. Rastogi, ISR & Dr. Bradford H. and Hazards Horse Shoe Room Hager, MIT Cryosphere Vikram Hall – Dr. Manab Chakraborty, SAC & Dr. Ian Seminar Room R. Joughin, Univ. of Washington Atmosphere, New Auditorium Dr. Raj Kumar, SAC & Dr. Benjamin M Ocean and Conference Room Holt, JPL Coasts 1300 – 1400 Lunch Break 1400 – 1530 Breakout‐2: by application area (Same as Breakout‐1) 1530 – 1545 Tea Break 1545 ‐ 1700 Breakout‐3: by application area (Contd../) (Same as Breakout‐1) 1700 ‐ 1800 Reports from Breakout sessions Breakout Co‐Chairs 1800 – 1815 Vote of Thanks and Adjourn Anup Das, SAC
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Main Program A‐2
ECOSYSTEM (Co Chairs: Dr. Josef M. Kelindorfer, WHRC and Dr. P.K. Pal, SAC) (Vikram Hall – Main Lecture Hall) Breakout Session – 1 (18 Nov., 1130 – 1300 Hrs) 1130 ‐ 1220 Short Presentations – 05mins each (10 Nos) Biomass estimation using SAR data Rajib Panigrahi, IIT‐Roorkee PolInSAR based Modeling for Forest Aboveground Biomass Shashi Kumar, IIRS and Height retrieval Forest Fuel Load Quantification using Microwave Sensing C.P. Singh, SAC Estimation of above ground biomass of a tropical forest site Hitendra Padalia, IIRS Characterizing Ecosystem stress uisng SAR remote sensing B.K. Bhattacharya, SAC Full vs. compact polarimetry for agriculture Y.S. Rao, IIT‐Bombay Investigation of NISAR for biodiversity assessment G. Sandhya Kiran, MSU Forest Above Ground Biomass Estimation and Forest & Non T.R. Kiran Chand Forest Classification SAR Applications in Vegetation Rajsi Udayan Kot Applications of NISAR in studying bird migration Sneha M. Chopda, NIO 1220 – 1300 Discussion Breakout Session – 2 (18 Nov., 1400 – 1530 Hrs) 1400 – 1420 Remote sensing applications in agriculture: present prospects K.R. Manjunath, SAC and future needs 1420 – 1450 Short Presentations – 05mins each (06 Nos) Microwave emissivity and land surface variables estimation Sanjeev Kimothi, Swami Rama Himalayan Univ. Exploring SAR data for biophysical parameter retrieval to Rahul Nigam, SAC enhance agriculture monitoring Parameter retrieval and enhanced growth monitoring of rice Indrani Chaudhary, DAIICT crop using SAR data Identification of areas vulnerable to water‐logging in R.L. Mehta, SAC irrigation command areas using L&S band airborne SAR data Crop biomass retrieval for Gujarat region using L&S band SAR Rucha Dave, AAU Ground truth collection using ground based polarimetric OPN Calla, ICRS scatterometer with multiple polarization PolSAR Image classification for various Land cover features Varsha Turkar, VIT 1450 – 1530 Discussion Breakout Session – 3 (18 Nov., 1545 – 1700 Hrs) 1545 ‐ 1600 SAR Applications in Soil Moisture Retrieval Harisankar Srivastava, IIRS 1600 ‐ 1630 Short Presentations – 05mins each (06 Nos) Retrieval of high resolution surface soil moisture over India Kishan Lal Gadri, ICRS using NISAR Retrieval of crop biophysical parameters from NISAR Ramandeep Kaur Malhi, MSU Soil moisture retrieval using microwave remote sensing Sasmita Chaurasia, SAC Use of satellite observations in the soil moisture assimilation John P. George, NCMWRF system at NCMRWF Impact of sea level rise on Lakshadweep islands ecosystem Ashutosh Saidawat, CSIR Spatial ecology for coastal zone management and coastal Pranay Kumar Singh, CSIR‐ EIA, for sustainable development ASIR Agriculture Remote Sensing (Tentative) Anil Sood, PRSC 1630 – 1700 Discussion
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Break‐Out Session A‐3
GEOSCIENCES AND HAZARDS (Co‐Chairs: Dr. B.K. Rastogi, ISR & Dr. Bradford H. Hager, MIT) (Vikram Hall – Horse Shoe Room) Breakout Session – 1 (18 Nov., 1130 – 1300 Hrs) 1130 ‐ 1220 Short Presentations – 05mins each (10 Nos) Potential of multi‐frequency & wide swath DInSAR in land RS Chatterjee, IIRS subsidence studies Flood assessment, monitoring and management using SAR MVSS Giridhar, JNTU Data Crustal deformation studies using advanced InSAR time KM Sreejith, SAC series data DInSAR for seismic hazard studies John Mathew, NRSC Multi‐angle urban classification using polarimetric SAR Shaunak De, IIT‐Bombay Suitablity of SAR data for topographical modelling Ritesh Agrawal, SAC Major Climatic changes in north western parts of Rann of Rohan Thakkar, Guj. Univ. Kachh SAR measurement for earthquake studies in India Rakesh Dumka, ISR SAR Data utilization for deformation and plate tectonic Abdul Qadir, NESAC movement studies Impact of thermal expansion on Persistent Scatterer Shweta Sharma, SAC Interferometry Products 1220 – 1300 Discussion Breakout Session – 2 (18 Nov., 1400 – 1530 Hrs) 1400 – 1420 SAR Applications in Geoscience / Geo‐archaeology A.S. Rajawat, SAC 1420 – 1450 Short Presentations – 05mins each (06 Nos) Active tectonic deformation: Possible applications of NISAR Anil Earnest, CSIR‐Fourth
data on Plate boundary processes Paradigm Instt. Study of terrestrial planetary analogues using NI‐SAR Shiv Mohan, PRL Microwave probing of planetary surface including Earth C. Suresh Raju, SPL, VSSC Geomorphology around mount Sinabung volcano Sandhya Rani Pattanaik,
(Indonesia) using RISAT SAR data SAC Impact of Urban Canopies on Heat islands: A case study Anurag Kandya, Indus Univ. Study of ground deformation of Bhuj area using PSInSAR Kausik Biswas, IIT‐Kh 1450 – 1530 Discussion Breakout Session – 3 (18 Nov., 1545 – 1700 Hrs) Disaster management support program of ISRO: Operational 1545 ‐ 1600 P. Manjushree, NRSC flood mapping and management 1600 ‐ 1625 Short Presentations – 05mins each (05 Nos) Tripura needs a different remedial plan for disaster handling Suman Dev, NIT‐Agartala Application of L‐band SAR data for deriving vital G. Sreenivasan, RRSC‐C hyrdogeological inputs for groundwater management Implementation of RS & GIS in Civil Engineering Tarun Sahoo, SAO Univ. Data Quality Evaluation and Monitoring Approach for SAR Maneesha Gupta, SAC Sensors ITG‐Tool: A GUI based software for InSAR processing for Biswajit Manna, IIT‐Kh monitoring surface deformation 1625 – 1700 Discussion
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Break‐Out Session A‐4
CRYOSPHERE (Co‐Chairs: Dr. Manab Chakraborty, SAC & Dr. Ian R. Joughin, Univ. of Washington) (Vikram Hall – Seminar Room) Breakout Session – 1 (18 Nov., 1130 – 1300 Hrs) 1130 ‐ 1200 Short Presentations – 05mins each (06 Nos) Snow and glacier studies highlights using L and C‐ band SAR data and future hydrological applications Praveen Thakur, IIRS using SAR data in part of North Western Himalayas Monitoring of glacial zones and transient snow line Sanchayita Kundu, SAC of chhota sigri Application High Resolution SAR Imagery for Snow Sanjeev Kumar, SASE Physics Generation and Validation of the Interferometric Ankur Pandit, IIT‐ SAR DEMs from TanDEM‐X data for Indian Bombay Himalayan glacier Dynamics of the Gangotri Glacier Inferred from S.P. Satyabala, IISc Long‐Term and Seasonal Fluctuations in Velocity Applications of L‐ & S‐band Radar Measurement to Subhra Mathur, ICRS monitor cryosphere 1200 – 1300 Discussion Breakout Session – 2 (18 Nov., 1400 – 1530 Hrs) 1400 ‐ 1420 Polar‐Ice studies using microwave data Sandip R. Oza, SAC 1420 – 1440 Short Presentations – 05mins each (04 Nos) Identification of Major Hot Spot areas in selected Sarvesh Palria, MDS
parts of Antarctica Univ. Monitoring and quantifying changes in ice velocities P. Jayaprasad, SAC in Antarctic margins Energy balance partitioning and glacial processes: Nilendu Singh, WIHG Role of SAR remote sensing Snow Parameters estimation from backscattering Asha Thapliyal, USAC measurement 1440 – 1530 Discussion Breakout Session – 3 (18 Nov., 1545 – 1700 Hrs) 1545 ‐ 1600 Short Presentations – 05mins each (03 Nos) Potential of Multi‐frequency SAR applications in Sushil Kumar Singh, SAC Himalayan cryosphere Near Real Time Sea Ice Advisory for Safe Ship D. Ram Rajak, SAC Routing During Antarctic Expeditions Prospective cryosphere applications of NASA‐ISRO Shridhar D. Jawak,
SAR NCAOR 1600 – 1700 Discussion
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Break‐Out Session A‐5
ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN & COASTS (Co‐Chairs: Dr. Raj Kumar, SAC & Dr. Benjamin M Holt, JPL) (New Auditorium – Conference Room) Breakout Session – 1 (18 Nov., 1130 – 1300 Hrs) 1130 ‐ 1145 Short Presentations – 05mins each (03 Nos) Internal waves in Bay of Bengal by SAR Meka Rajasekhar, SDSC,
observations ISRO Ocean response of L‐band airborne SAR SK Sasmal, NRSC Monitoring of marine oil spill from SAR images: Ratheesh Ramakrishnan,
Automatic detection and classification of oil spills SAC 1145 – 1300 Discussion Breakout Session – 2 (18 Nov., 1400 – 1530 Hrs) KVSR Prasad, Andhra SAR applications of Ocean internal waves Univ. 1430 – 1440 Short Presentations – 05mins each (02 Nos) Possible use of NISAR observations for tropical CM Kistawal, SAC cyclone studies Retrieval of ocean parameters from NISAR RM Gairola, SAC 1440 – 1530 Discussion Breakout Session – 3 (18 Nov., 1545 – 1700 Hrs) 1545 ‐ 1600 Short Presentations – 05mins each (03 Nos) NISAR coastal watch applications and OPN Calla, ICRS demonstration Mud flat/mud bank monitoring using advanced R. Sarangi, SAC Radar imaging Applications of SAR in Ocean Observations J. S. Upadhyay, NIOT
1600 – 1700 Discussion
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Break‐Out Session A‐6
Appendix - B
ABSTRACTS submitted for NISAR Science Workshop
Sl. Abstracts Details Page
ECOSYSTEM:
1 Biomass Estimation using SAR Data – Rajib Panigrahi, IIT-Roorkee B-1 2 PolInSAR based Modeling for Forest Aboveground Biomass and Tree Height B-1 Retrieval - Shashi Kumar, Shreya Chandola, Unmesh Govind Khati, Shefali Agarwal and S.P.S Kushwaha, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (ISRO), Dehradun, India
3 Forest Fuel Load Quantification Using Microwave Sensing – C.P. Singh, SAC B-2 4 Estimation of Above-Ground Biomass of a Tropical Forest Site using Polarimetric B-2 SAR – Hitendra Padalia & M. Mustaffa, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (ISRO), Dehradun 5 Characterizing Ecosystem Stress Using SAR Remote Sensing for Optimized B-3 Agricultural Management – Bimal K. Bhattacharya, SAC
6 Investigation of NI-SAR for biodiversity assessment - G. Sandhya Kiran1, Mudaliar B-3 Ashwini1, Jayrajsinh D Jadeja1, Shiv Mohan2, Y.S. Rao3, 1M.S. University- Vadodara, 2PLANEX-PRL, 3IIT-Bombay 7 Forest Above Ground Biomass Estimation And Forest / Non-Forest Classification For B-4 Central Indian Deciduous Forests Using L-Band ALOS PALSAR Data - T.R. Kiran Chand, M. Suresh, Rakesh, G. Rajashekar, C.S.Jha and V.K.Dadhwal, NRSC-Hyderabad
8 Crop Land Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar - Alpana M. Shukla, Rajsi Kot, B-4 M.G. Science Institute, Gujarat
9 Applications of NISAR in Studying Bird Migration Flight Altitudes – Sneha Chopda, B-5 NIO, Goa
10 Biomass estimation using SAR data – Himanshu Maurya, IIT-Roorkee B-5 11 Microwave Emissivity and Land Surface Variable Estimation: In the context of B-6 Uttarakhand - Sanjeev Kimothi, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun 12 Exploring SAR data for biophysical retrieval to enhance agricultural monitoring - B-6 Rahul Nigam, SAC, Ahmedabad 13 Identification of areas vulnerable to water-logging in irrigation command areas using B-7 L & S band airborne SAR data – R.L. Mehta, SAC, Ahmedabad
14 Crop Biomass Retrieval for Gujarat using L and S band SAR data – Rucha Dave, AAU, B-7 Anand 15 Ground Truth Collection using Ground Based Polarimetric Scatterometer with B-7 multiple polarization operating at L-Band (1215-1300MHz) and S-Band (3162-3237.5 MHz) – OPN Calla, ICRS, Jodhpur
16 Retrieval of high resolution surface soil moisture over India using NISAR - OPN Calla, B-8 Kishan Lal Gadri, Shubhra Mathur, Abhishek Kalla, Shruti Singhal, Amit Kumar, ICRS, Jodhpur
17 PolSAR Image Classification for various Land Cover Features - Varsha Turkar, B-9 Vidyalankar Institute of technology, Mumbai
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐i
18 Biophysical Parameters Assessment of vegetation Using dual frequency SAR data - B-10 Pooja Rana, Shivani M Shah, Dipanwita Haldar, Pushplata B Shah and Manab Chakraborty, SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad
19 Retrieval of crop biophysical parameters from NISAR - Ramandeep Kaur M. Malhi and B-10 G. Sandhya Kiran, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara 20 Use of Satellite Observations in the Soil Moisture Assimilation System at NCMRWF - B-11 John P George, A. Lodh, Swapan Mallick and E N Rajagopal, NCMRWF, NOIDA
21 Impact of Sea Level Rise on Lakshadweep Islands Ecosystem - Ashutosh B-11 Saidawat, J. Sundaresan, CSIR-NISCAIR, New Delhi 22 Climate Change and Capacity Building for Small Island - Lakshadweep Islands - B-11 Pranay Kr. Singh, Sundaresan J, CSIR-NISCAIR, New Delhi
23 Potential Applications of NISAR L-band Data in Forest Ecosystem - Alpana Shukla, B-12 Mitali Gautam, M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad - 380019 GEOSCIENCES AND HAZARDS:
24 Flood Assessment, Monitoring and Management using SAR - M.V.S.S. Giridhar, B-13 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad
25 Crustal deformation studies using advanced InSAR time series techniques - K.M. B-13 Sreejith, Ritesh Agarwal, A.S. Rajawat, SAC, ISRO
26 SAR Measurements for Earthquake Studies in India - B K Rastogi, Pallabee Choudhury B-13 and Rakesh Dumka, Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382009 and K.M. Sreejith, SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad
27 Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) for Seismic Hazard Studies – John Mathew, B-14 Ritwik Majumdar, K. Vinod Kumar, NRSC, ISRO, Hyderabad 28 Source based Maximum Magnitude Estimation Considering Remote Sensing Data, B-14 Micro earthquakes and Field Study - P.Anabzhagan, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; J.V. Thomas and A. Arunachalam, EOS, ISRO HQ, Bangalore
29 Impact of thermal expansion on Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Products – Shweta B-14 Sharma, SAC, ISRO 30 Subduction Zone Island arc volcanism – Active tectonic constraints from Andaman B-15 Nicobar archipelago using NISAR - Anil Earnest, CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka
31 Study of Terrestrial Planetary Analogues using NISAR - Shiv Mohan and S. Vijayan, B-15 PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad
32 Mapping of flows of Mount Sinabung volcano using RISAT-1 CFRS-1 data - Sandhya B-16 Rani Pattanaik, Sushil Kumar Singh, I.M.Bahuguna, A.S.Rajawat, Manab Chakraborty and Tapan Mishra 33 Impact of Urban Canopies on Heat Islands: A case-study of megacity Delhi using B-16 Remote Sensing data - Anurag Kandya1 and Manju Mohan2 (1Indus University, Ahmedabad; 2Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi) 34 Application of L-band SAR data for deriving vital Hydrogeological inputs for B-17 Groundwater Management - G. Sreenivasan, A. K. Joshi, RRSC-Central, NRSC, ISRO, Amravati Road, Nagpur
35 Data Quality Evaluation and Monitoring Approach for SAR Sensors - Maneesha B-17 Gupta, Anuja Sharma and B. Kartikeyan, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, 380015
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐ii
36 ‘ITG-Tool’: A GUI based Software for Interferometric SAR processing for monitoring B-18 surface deformation - Biswajit Manna1, Tapas Kr. Dey1, Debashish Chakravarty1, Arundhati Misra2 & Biswajit Samanta1, 1IIT-Kharagpur, 2SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad
37 A Study on Urban Demographic structure of Coimbatore City - A.Ilanthirayan, Assistant B-19 Professor in Geography, Govt Arts College, Karur-5 (TN)
38 Study of Ground Deformation of Bhuj Area using PSInSAR - Koushik Biswas1, B-19 Arundhati Misra2, Debashish Chakravarty1 and Pabitra Mitra1, 1IIT-Kharagpur, 2SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad CRYOSPHERE: 39 Snow and glacier studies highlights using L and C-band SAR data and future B-20 hydrological applications using SAR data in part of North Western Himalayas - Praveen K. Thakur and S.P. Aggarwal, IIRS,ISRO, Dehradun 40 Monitoring of glacial zones and transient snowlines of Chhota Shigri glacier using B-20 dual-polarized C band SAR data - Sanchayita Kundu, Manab Chakraborty, SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad – 380015 41 Application High Resolution SAR Imagery for Snow Physical Parameter Estimation - B-21 Sanjeev Kumar and Snehmani, SASE, DRDO, Dehradun 42 Generation and Validation of the Interferometric SAR DEMs from TanDEM-X data B-21 for Indian Himalayan glacier - Ankur Pandit, IIT-Bombay 43 The Applications of L-band and S-band Radar Measurements to Monitor Cryosphere - B-22 OPN Calla, Shubhra Mathur, Kishan Lal Gadri, Shruti Singhal, ICRS, Jodhpur 44 Identification of Major Hot Spot Areas in selected parts of Antarctica with respect to B-23 spatiotemporal change of Land covers using Microwave Remote Sensing Data - Sandeep R. Oza, Jayaprasad,P, R. Rajak,SAC (ISRO) and Sarvesh Palria and Santasheel Chakraborty, M,D,S, University, Ajmer (Rajasthan) 45 Energy balance partitioning and glacial processes: Role of SAR remote sensing - B-23 Nilendu Singh and Pankaj Chauhan, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India 46 Snow Parameters Estimation from backscattering measurements in the Central B-24 Himalayan region - Asha Thapliyal, Uttarakhand Space Application Centre, Dehradun ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN & COASTS:
47 Ocean response of air bone L band SAR - Sasamal SK and Bhuban Chandra, NRSC, B-25 Hydeabad 48 Monitoring of Marine Oil spill from SAR images: Automatic detection and B-25 classification of oil spills - Ratheesh Ramakrishnan, Ritesh Agrawal, A.S Rajawat and T.J Majumdar, SAC (ISRO), Ahmedabad 49 Monitoring of Marine Oil spill from SAR images: Automatic detection and B-25 classification of oil spills - Ratheesh Ramakrishnan, Ritesh Agrawal, A.S Rajawat and T.J Majumdar, SAC (ISRO), Ahmedabad
50 NISAR Coastal Watch Applications and Demonstration - OPN Calla, Shruti Singhal, B-26 Shubhra Mathur, ICRS, Jodhpur
51 Mud flat/mud bank monitoring using advanced Radar Imaging – R.K. Sarangi, SAC B-27 (ISRO), Ahmedabad
52 Applications of SAR in Ocean Observations: National Data Buoy Program – Jay S. B-27 Upadhyay, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐iii
ABSTRACTS
ECOSYSTEM:
1. Biomass Estimation using SAR Data – Rajib Panigrahi, IIT-Roorkee
Carbon exists as carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and constitutes about 0.04% of the atmosphere. Recently, it has gained a lot of attention as a greenhouse gas, as it has potential to influence the climate pattern of the world. Anthropogenic activities like deforestation, forest degradation, industrialization and burning of fossil fuel, has caused an increase in the level of carbon in the atmosphere and disturbed the global carbon cycle. However, nature has its own mechanism of sequestering and storing the carbon in its ‘reservoirs’ or ‘sinks’. Forest plays an important role in the global carbon cycle as carbon sinks of the terrestrial ecosystem. The carbon sequestered or stored on the forest trees are mostly referred to as the biomass of the tree or forest. The synthetic aperture radar data can be used to estimate the biomass by relating radar backscatter values to the field data. Multiple regression modeling is the most widely used method for relating ground truth to backscatter values of a single wavelength and polarization or of multiple wavelength and polarization. However, these models have their own limitations and saturates at some biomass level. Saturation is an important problem in all types of polarization and wavelength. Saturation level not only depends on biomass quantity but also on forest structure and ground conditions. It was observed that saturation limits of radar backscatter increase with the wavelength. Polarization has also an effect on estimation procedure. It has been found that cross-polarizations are more correlated to forest biomass than that of co-polarized data. The estimation beyond the saturation level was observed by using a combination of different bands. This is due to different scattering behaviours of different wavelengths that enhance the estimation procedure. Also, the backscattering ratio of two bands for cross polarization enhances the correlation with the forest biomass. The ratio of different bands provides better results than using only single band data. The backscattering ratio image can also be used for discriminating different categories of forests in respect of biomass level (whether high or low biomass region) which is also an important factor in biomass estimation as the knowledge of biomass level of forest can help in selection of suitable parameters. Hence, with the help of dual frequency data the biomass estimation accuracy can be increased in comparison with using only single frequency data. Therefore, the research should be focused on the integration of multisource data that involves the integration of field measurements with different wavelengths and different polarimetric configurations (compact-Pol and quad-Pol) for the development of an effective procedure to estimate the above ground biomass.
2. PolInSAR based Modeling for Forest Aboveground Biomass and Tree Height Retrieval - Shashi Kumar, Shreya Chandola, Unmesh Govind Khati, Shefali Agarwal and S.P.S Kushwaha, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (ISRO), Dehradun, India ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
The regulation of the carbon cycle is a critical ecosystem service provided by forests globally. It is therefore necessary to have robust techniques for speedy assessment of forest biophysical parameters at landscape level. It is arduous and time taking to monitor the status of vast forest landscapes using traditional field methods. Remote sensing and GIS techniques are efficient tools that can monitor the health of forests regularly. Biomass estimation is a key parameter in the assessment of forest health. The estimation of biomass is also crucial to understanding the amount of carbon present globally and the changes that are taking place in the carbon cycle. Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) remote sensing has already shown its potential for forest biophysical parameter retrieval. The current research work focuses on the retrieval of forest biophysical parameters of the Barkot forest area, using fully polarimetric C-band data with Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (PolInSAR) techniques. The Interferometric Water Cloud Model (IWCM) has been used to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB). Input parameters to the IWCM have been extracted from the decomposition modeling of SAR data as
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐1 well as PolInSAR coherence estimation. The technique of forest tree height retrieval has utilized PolInSAR coherence based modeling approach. Two techniques – Coherence Amplitude Inversion (CAI) and Three Stage Inversion (TSI) – for forest height estimation are discussed, compared and validated. These techniques allow estimation of forest stand height and true ground topography. Complex coherences are calculated in all the possible polarization combinations. Ground-to-volume scattering ratio is used for accurate estimation of polarizations which represent surface and top of canopy scattering. The accuracy of the forest height estimated is assessed using ground based measurements. PolInSAR based forest height models showed enervation in identification of forest vegetation and as a result height values were obtained in river channels and plain areas. Overestimation in forest height was also noticed at several patches of the forest. To overcome this problem, coherence and backscatter based threshold technique is introduced for forest area identification and accurate height estimation in non-forested regions. It is found that due to shift in polarization orientation angle (POA) of backscattered SAR signal, volume scattering is overestimated. To minimize the problem of overestimation, deorientation of PolSAR data is implemented. The accuracy assessment for modeled height and AGB has been carried out using field data. The modeled AGB values range from 158.08 to 515.47 (t/ha). The R2 value of 0.5, a RMSE of 62.73 (t/ha) and a percent accuracy of 51% were obtained for the modeled biomass. It is observed that TSI technique produces more accurate results as compared to those obtained from CAI technique. The correlation between field measured height and the PolInSAR derived height is higher for TSI technique as compared to CAI. The correlation between the field measured forest height and the estimated tree height using TSI technique is 62% with an average accuracy of 91.56% and RMSE of 2.28m. Whereas the values using CAI technique stand at 34% correlation with 90.10% average accuracy and RMSE of 2.76m. Thus it is concluded that the TSI technique produces more accurate and correlated results as compared to CAI technique. The study suggested that PolInSAR coherence based modeling approach has significant potential for retrieval of forest biophysical parameters.
Keywords: Interferometric Water Cloud Model, Polarimetric SAR Interferometry, Coherence Amplitude Inversion, Three Stage Inversion, Aboveground Biomass, Tree Height
3. Forest Fuel Load Quantification Using Microwave Sensing – C.P. Singh, SAC ([email protected])
Forests and grasslands around the world are experiencing recurrent fires as a result of anthropogenic or natural causes. Statistical evidence suggests that there is an increasing trend in fire frequency from the early 1980s to the present, generating interest towards understanding fire regime in relation to fuel characteristics and distribution. Planning for fire management require maps showing the distribution of wildfire fuel loads at medium to fine spatial resolution across large landscapes. Radar sensors from spaceborne platforms have the potential of providing quantitative information about the forest structure and biomass components that can be readily translated to meaningful fuel load estimates for fire management. Literature shows that, multi-frequency polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imageries have been used to estimate the distribution of forest biomass and canopy fuel loads. It is possible to develop semi-empirical algorithms which can be used to estimate three major fuel load parameters, namely: 1) canopy fuel weight; 2) canopy bulk density; and 3) foliage moisture content. These estimates can be compared directly to plot level measurements with literature found accuracies ranging from 70-85%. It is expected that, S-band and L-band SAR in NISAR mission specifically, with greater penetrability, will be able to generate better fuel parameters.
4. Estimation of Above-Ground Biomass of a Tropical Forest Site using Polarimetric SAR – Hitendra Padalia & M. Mustaffa, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (ISRO), Dehradun ([email protected])
To predict future CO2 levels in the atmosphere, Earth’s global carbon cycle has to be accounted accurately. About 1 to 2 billion tons of carbon is missing from the total 7 billion tons of carbon released into the atmosphere. The carbon content of ocean and atmosphere is almost accounted and so the “missing carbon” has to be accounted in the terrestrial environment. Studies showed that tropical forest have very high biomass, but measuring it with accuracy is much challenging due to varying climate, topography, species diversity, foliage denseness etc. Estimating tropical forest AGB is important as it has direct implication with REDD+. NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐2
A pilot study is conducted in the Thano forest range, Dehradun, India to estimate forest woody AGB. Study area comprises sal and sal-mixed moist deciduous forests with high biomass ranging between 200t/ha to 600 t/ha. Using data from Japan’s ALOS-PALSAR, the study used enhanced Water Cloud Model (e-WCM) - a semi-empirical model to retrieve forest biophysical parameters. AGB was estimated using measurements of CBH and stand height from 24 forest plots at Thano forest range during 2013 as inputs to published volumetric equations. Polarimetric decomposition and orientation angle shift compensation done to acquire target scattering information which is further used in the inversion model to estimate forest AGB The semi-empirical enhanced WCM resulted in R2 of 0.6528 for in-situ stand volume and modelled stand volume with RMSE value of 42.75 m3/ha, and R2 of 0.6522 for measured and modelled AGB with a RMSE value of 26.816 t/ha for sectors having AGB range below 400 t/ha. An estimate of AGB of 775.099 Mt was obtained in this study for Thano-forest range, Dehradun. The heterogeneity of forest structural types and undulating terrain were identified as a potential source of uncertainty in the present study. Using PolInSAR information the model is expected to be improved in future studies. Keywords: Above ground biomass (AGB), Polarimetric decomposition, enhanced Water Cloud Model (e-WCM)
5. Characterizing Ecosystem Stress Using SAR Remote Sensing for Optimized Agricultural Management – Bimal K. Bhattacharya, SAC ([email protected])
The occurrences of large-area abiotic and biotic stresses characterize ecosystem stress. While the availability of water and nutrients governs the abiotic stresses the infestation of pests and diseases above critical limits influences biotic stresses. The nutrient availability is tightly coupled to water availability. Deficit in water supply with respect to vegetation water demand leads to water stress. Surface soil wetness plays important role to modulate surface humidity and thereby the onset and spread of pests and diseases. The applications of water, fertilizers and other farming operations in a growing season depend on system moisture status and phenology. In irrigated agriculture, water supply is met through canal-command, tanks or ground water pumping. In India, farmers apply life- saving irrigation in rainfed agricultural system too by creating provisions through ground water pumping specially in semi-arid and arid climate. These water management practices many a times cause irrational water usages due to lack of large-area real-time updates on soil moisture status, its likely impact on crop phenology and ultimately growth and yield. Lack of optimization of resources in terms of water, fertilizers, labour increases the cost of cultivation and sometimes causes crop loss. An integrated framework of Agromet-Advisory Services (AAS) is in place in India to help farmers in decision making to optimize farming cost and minimize crop loss. The remote sensing data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in dual frequencies (L and S) from NISAR would be able to provide high-resolution assured coverages in all weather conditions with a fixed repeat cycle (~ 13 days) which is better than global high-resolution optical-thermal (e.g. Landsat, ASTER) or hyperspectral sensors (~ 16 days). The higher penetrability of these two microwave bands and sensitivity on surface dielectric properties made the NISAR unique to determine surface soil moisture or soil wetness as well as phenology which are crucial to characterize and quantify ecosystem stress.
6. Investigation of NI-SAR for biodiversity assessment - G. Sandhya Kiran1, Mudaliar Ashwini1, Jayrajsinh D Jadeja1, Shiv Mohan2, Y.S. Rao3, 1M.S. University- Vadodara, 2PLANEX- PRL, 3IIT-Bombay
The need of ecosystem and global approaches in bio-diversity conservation is becoming essential with increase in threat to this resource. Under such circumstances the utility of remote sensing and more specifically microwave data in biologically meaningful way has become imperative. The advantage of this data in penetrating the clouds aids in maintaining the continuity in a reliable data acquisition. The present study has made an humble attempt to understand the changes in frequency response in different bands viz., L-Band and C-Band in correlation with the biodiversity status. Different sites with variation in their biodiversity status were identified through intense field work and temporal
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐3 remotely sensed data for differential bio-diversity region could be acquired. This is one of an important input for characterization of plants. It has been observed that radar backscatter of different species show significantly different temporal pattern, this pattern is related to various environmental conditions. As demonstrated earlier Variations in frequency response for these areas were studied using Radar Vegetation Index (RVI). RVI provided a critical and reliable perspective on phenological patterns for Tectona grandis Linn. f., and Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. The responses have also been checked using optical LISS data sets where Normalized differential vegetation index and Fraction vegetation cover were used to monitor the bio-diversity and for understanding the phenological status. To understand such observation, we propose to use temporal L-band and S-band SAR data for characterizing vegetation cover, this observation along with C-band data optical data would help us in identifying optimum frequency for characterizing plant parameters. Such understanding can further be explored using NISAR S band data. Such finding will be one of significant finding in the present world-wide efforts on biodiversity conservation. Keywords: Biodiversity, NDVI, SAR, NISAR, RVI.
7. Forest Above Ground Biomass Estimation And Forest / Non-Forest Classification For Central Indian Deciduous Forests Using L-Band ALOS PALSAR Data - T.R. Kiran Chand, M. Suresh, Rakesh, G. Rajashekar, C.S.Jha and V.K.Dadhwal, NRSC-Hyderabad ([email protected])
Tropical forests contribute to approximately 40% of terrestrial carbon storage and play an important role in global carbon budget. In this context, accurate and reliable estimation of carbon stored as biomass and the extent of the forests in which it is stored is required at different spatio-temporal scales to reduce uncertainties in carbon budgeting. The present study has 2 major objectives – 1) forest above ground biomass (AGB) estimation and 2) forest/non-forest (FNF) classification using L- band ALOS PALSAR data in concurrence with field sampled (plot) data for forests of Madhya Pradesh, India. Digital numbers of PALSAR data sets (HH, HV) were converted to sigma naught (σ0) values and were empirically modelled with plot-level AGB estimates computed using field inventory data. The empirical relationship between σ0 (HV) and field based AGB (R2 of 0.509) was used to estimate spatial AGB. Results suggested a total AGB of 367.4 Mt for forests for M.P. state.
Further, Support Vector Machines (SVM) based classification technique was employed to carry out FNF classification. Inputs used are ‘Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix’ based texture measures derived from HH, HV backscatter coefficient images and field inventory data. Results suggested overall classification accuracy of >85% and good agreement with reference maps.
8. Crop Land Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar - Alpana M. Shukla, Rajsi Kot, M.G. Science Institute, Gujarat ([email protected], [email protected])
One of the major goals of remote sensing research is to provide accurate and timely estimates of agricultural resources. There are two specific tasks: the first is to discriminate, classify and map different crop types within a specific physiographic region and the second is to monitor crop growth variables. The crop identification capability of radar frequencies demonstrated that crop type significantly influences radar return signals therefore discrimination and classification is indeed possible. It is also possible to acquire data in cloud cover conditions and at night by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations. SAR is also sensitive to crop geometry and moisture. Thus it is possible to monitor crops in ‘Kharif’ season. SAR sensitivity to crop geometry and many biophysical parameters like canopy moisture, leaf area index and penetration within vegetation allows the studies related to agricultural resources. Moreover, it is equally important to understand the interaction mechanism for crop applications. In future, it is important to examine different techniques required for image classification.
9. Applications of NISAR in Studying Bird Migration Flight Altitudes – Sneha Chopda, NIO, Goa When many of us think about migration, the image of geese winging their way south in their wrinkled V-shaped flocks is one that often comes to mind. Birds migrate to move from areas of low or
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐4 decreasing resources to areas of high or increasing resources. The two primary resources being sought are food and nesting locations. Bird migration is essentially a cross border phenomenon, which intimately responds to the larger scale (synoptic) weather conditions. Comprehensive monitoring of bird migration at continental scales can provide fundamental insight into migration patterns, the impact on migratory flight of synoptic scale factors like weather and orography and the selection of stop-over areas by migratory birds. Strong potential exists for the applied use of continuous bird migration observations, for example in aviation for purposes of improving flight safety. In particular, military low-level flying has a high risk of en route bird strikes and spatial bird migration information is essential for generating reliable flight warnings to pilots. Other warning systems could be envisioned to reduce the collision risk of birds with wind farms, off-shore platforms and other man- made structures, by allowing people to predict and adapt to specific mass migration events. Radar has had an immense impact on ornithology and the study of bird migration, because of its unique ability to monitor bird movements up to high altitudes and distances during both night and day. Quantitative bird migration information from a weather radar network can provide essential information for bird migration forecast models, analogous to the meteorological data assimilated by numerical weather prediction models. A reliable forecast is a badly needed operational extension of the present bird warning systems. Even more promising than Doppler radars for detection of bird migration using operational radar networks are the so-called dual-polarization weather radars which are slowly becoming the new operational standard. These radars measure the scattering from atmospheric targets in horizontal and vertical polarization. This enables a classification of the scatterers into different types of (non)hydrometeors. A bird migration recognition algorithm should be developed extracting bird density, speed and direction as a function of altitude. For early-warning systems of bird migration, operational bird density forecasts are essential, which could be made in combination with spatially explicit bird migration models. Such models may account for the inherently non-local character of bird migration and deal with the sparseness of radar observations, but will depend on data assimilation of areal bird density information. In meteorology, the integration of models and observations has become common practice and has greatly improved weather prediction. We can expect that a similar synergy between bird migration observations by dual-polarization weather radar and migration models will greatly improve the description and predictability of bird movement.
10. Biomass estimation using SAR data – Himanshu Maurya, IIT-Roorkee
Carbon exists as carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and constitutes about 0.04% of the atmosphere. Recently, it has gained a lot of attention as a greenhouse gas, as it has potential to influence the climate pattern of the world. Anthropogenic activities like deforestation, forest degradation, industrialization and burning of fossil fuel, has caused an increase in the level of carbon in the atmosphere and disturbed the global carbon cycle. However, nature has its own mechanism of sequestering and storing the carbon in its ‘reservoirs’ or ‘sinks’. Forest plays an important role in the global carbon cycle as carbon sinks of the terrestrial ecosystem. The carbon sequestered or stored on the forest trees are mostly referred to as the biomass of the tree or forest. The synthetic aperture radar data can be used to estimate the biomass by relating radar backscatter values to the field data. Multiple regression modeling is the most widely used method for relating ground truth to backscatter values of a single wavelength and polarization or of multiple wavelength and polarization. However, these models have their own limitations and saturates at some biomass level. Saturation is an important problem in all types of polarization and wavelength. Saturation level not only depends on biomass quantity but also on forest structure and ground conditions. It was observed that saturation limits of radar backscatter increase with the wavelength. Polarization has also an effect on estimation procedure. It has been found that cross-polarizations are more correlated to forest biomass than that of co-polarized data. The estimation beyond the saturation level was observed by using a combination of different bands. This is due to different scattering behaviours of different wavelengths that enhance the estimation procedure. Also, the backscattering ratio of two bands for cross polarization enhances the correlation with the forest biomass. The ratio of different bands provides better results than using only single band data. The backscattering ratio image can also be used for discriminating different categories of forests in respect of biomass level (whether high or low biomass region) which is also an important factor in biomass estimation as the knowledge of biomass level of forest can help in selection of
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐5 suitable parameters. Hence, with the help of dual frequency data the biomass estimation accuracy can be increased in comparison with using only single frequency data. Therefore, the research should be focused on the integration of multisource data that involves the integration of field measurements with different wavelengths and different polarimetric configurations (compact-Pol and quad-Pol) for the development of an effective procedure to estimate the above ground biomass.
11. Microwave Emissivity and Land Surface Variable Estimation: In the context of Uttarakhand - Sanjeev Kimothi, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun
The land surface soil moisture integrates the local precipitation and surface evaporation, which in turn influences the land-atmospheric energy exchange and the weather and the climatic variation. Due to the effects of moisture on the dielectric constant and emissivity of soil, microwave measurements happen to be quite meaningful for soil moisture. In this proposal the estimations of complex dielectric constants and scattering coefficient at the different levels of volumetric Soil Moisture Content (SMC) of soil and at the VWC value corresponding to the different stages of vegetation are emphasized. Dielectric constant may be determined at a specified microwave frequency using the method of shift in minima of standing wave pattern inside the slotted section of rectangular wave guide. The back scattering coefficient and emissivity is very important from the point of view of microwave remote sensing as these parameters are required for designing passive and active sensors and can be determined using experimental values of complex permittivity of soil. The Fresnel reflectivity of the soil may be computed from the knowledge of the complex dielectric constant and the surface boundary condition. The soil moisture samples and other soil surface parameter information related to soil texture, bulk density, surface roughness and vegetation cover, are highly required to validate the space borne products.
12. Exploring SAR data for biophysical retrieval to enhance agricultural monitoring - Rahul Nigam, SAC, Ahmedabad ([email protected])
Agriculture productivity at spatial and temporal scale can be modeled through quantification of biophysical and radiation parameters. The development of remote sensing technology gives us opportunity to monitor crops growth in quick time for a large area. The biophysical parameters (leaf area index, leaf water content, plant height etc) monitored by remote sensing, are the basis of monitoring crops condition, yield and stresses. The numerous models such as physical, empirical and semi-empirical have been developed to retrieve biophysical parameters. These research are mainly centered on optical remote sensing domain. The optical remote sensing has limitations itself as it is affected by atmospheric conditions. This will hinder regular monitoring of crop growth in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The active radar remote sensing i.e. Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) begins to attract more attention owing to its unique advantages to provide data in clear and cloudy sky. To estimate biophysical parameters using SAR data is emerging as a new thrust area in agricultural monitoring. The attempts were made to retrieve biophysical parameters using radar based vegetation indices over few crops such as rice, cotton and jute. But there is need to explore SAR data over other crops like wheat, mustard and potato using vegetation indices as well as radiative transfer simulation. The SAR data was explored based on the relationship between backscattering coefficient and biophysical parameters. However, polarimetric parameters extracted using fully polarimetric SAR data has not received its deserved attention and has not been excavated fully. The optical remote sensing along with additional information provided by polarimetric SAR data will enhance our understanding about crop growth. Full polarimetric radar observations provide a new perspective and means to analyze essential characteristics of crop surface. This will also provide opportunity to fuse high temporal and spatial resolution SAR based retrieval of biophysical parameters with optical data to monitor crop growth at every crop pheno-phase irrespective of atmospheric conditions.
13. Identification of areas vulnerable to water-logging in irrigation command areas using L & S band airborne SAR data – R.L. Mehta, SAC, Ahmedabad ([email protected])
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐6
SAR sensor can be used to study the shallow water table fluctuations needed for water-logging risk assessment due to its penetration capability. Many experiments demonstrated that low-frequency radar has penetration capabilities especially under dry soil condition. This can be used to map subsurface heterogeneities such as geological interfaces or wet layers. The experiment proves that the maximum penetration depth of L band wave to dry sand can reach 2.82 m, and the penetration depth is in inverse proportion to water content of sand. Few studies have used the phase information from SAR data to detect sub surface moisture changes. These moisture bearing structures are useful in the assessment of ground water of an area. The analysis of RISAT-1 and ERS-1/2 SAR data covering the western Rajasthan, India led to identification of unknown buried channels, relict valleys and shallow sand covered limestone areas. The shallow sand covered buried channels could be detected due to penetration up to 1 m, high backscatter due to sub-surface soil moisture and subsurface roughness due to fluvial sediments. This study is taken up to assess the critical shallow ground water rise in the canal seepage/ irrigation command areas, so that the water logging/ flooding incidence can be identified before the hazard take place. RISAT CRS and Landsat optical images were used to study the spatial distribution of seepage from the IG canal in parts of Bikaner district, Rajasthan.
14. Crop Biomass Retrieval for Gujarat using L and S band SAR data – Rucha Dave, AAU, Anand
In reviewing ecological applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter the radar appears to offer the greatest promise of sensing techniques for estimating the forest biomass since long. The monitoring of crop biophysical variables is also a very important task in agricultural management and yield forecasting in which crop biomass is a key indicator of crop growth contributing highest to yield. The backscattering of crops and the vegetation biomass depend on plant type, and that there are different trends for low and high biomass crops. Multi-temporal C-Band (5.35 GHz) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) gives appropriate results for evaluation of low biomass crops. Due to restriction in penetration depth, high biomass crops are difficult to monitor using C band. Multi- frequency and multi-temporal L -band (1.5 GHz) and S- band (3.2 GHz) data by means of airborne and space borne SAR reveals new dimensions due to its greater resolution and higher penetration depth interacting with entire crop canopy relatively for moderate to high density agricultural crops. Cotton and sugarcane are important cash crops of Gujarat contributing higher in national production which give high back scatter during peak vegetation stage due to volume scattering with high biomass. Selected area of Vadodara district where crops near proximity can be used in the study biomass estimation. Key Words: Crop Biomass, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Multi-temporal, Multi-frequency
15. Ground Truth Collection using Ground Based Polarimetric Scatterometer with multiple polarization operating at L-Band (1215-1300MHz) and S-Band (3162- 3237.5 MHz) – OPN Calla, ICRS, Jodhpur ([email protected])
The mission NISAR is a unique Microwave Remote Sensing opportunity for all those who are and have been involved in the utilization of microwave remote sensing tools for different applications. These applications have been in the Land, Ocean, Cryosphere and Atmosphere. The satellite based applications have to be supported by Airborne campaigns as well as by ground truth data. The ground truth data is collected by using similar ground based equipment (Hardware) that will give the fundamental parameter that is scattering coefficient of the target, in present case it could be soil moisture, crop, snow, water bodies etc. For this we have to use a ground based scatterometer having similar frequency L band (1215MHz to 1300MHz) and S Band (3162.5MHz to 3237.5MHz) and the modes of polarizations to match with airborne SAR and NISAR. At ICRS we propose to develop this multipolarization (Polarimetric) Scatterometer in L and S Band and collect extensive ground truth all over India independently and develop a database giving scattering coefficient related to electrical and physical properties of the target material. The ground truth campaign will be done after the hardware is developed. The development of hardware will take two years. Then the extensive ground truth campaign will be done over different terrains. The ground truth campaigns will be done in two phases. In one type of campaign the ground
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐7 truth data collection will coincide with airborne SAR campaigns. Also wherever the air borne campaign are not being planned at those places also ground truth using ground based scatterometer will be conducted and the data base giving the scattering coefficient and the terrains electrical and physical properties will be generated. For better utilisation of NISAR for all the planned applications the ground truth campaigns are must. Also after the launch of NISAR in 2020 for validation of the data as well as for determining the quality of data obtained from NISAR these ground truth data base generated before the launch of NISAR will provide significant inputs for the success of NISAR. I would like to add for the consideration of the scientists involved in development of NISAR to look into the possibility that at times the NISAR could be operated in- (1) Non Imaging Radar (Scatterometer) mode (2) Non Imaging Altimeter mode and (3) Microwave Radiometer (Passive) mode. If we can do this then the utilization of NISAR will increase MANIFOLDS. At end I would like to sincerely congratulate ISRO Scientists who are involved in this joint venture with NASA team would like to pay my regards to NASA team who are jointly developing in collaboration the latest and excellent configuration of Microwave sensor in space. The benefits that will be provided by NISAR to the Common Man will be of the level that will be of very high value. ICRS will be grateful to the authorities if ICRS is given chance to participate in utilization of NISAR starting from ground truth collection to the actual utilization after NISAR is launched in 2020.
16. Retrieval of high resolution surface soil moisture over India using NISAR - OPN Calla, Kishan Lal Gadri, Shubhra Mathur, Abhishek Kalla, Shruti Singhal, Amit Kumar, ICRS, Jodhpur ([email protected])
Surface Soil Moisture is one of the most important factors in climate prediction and crop forecasting models. Understanding and predicting variations of surface temperature, precipitation, drought and floods depend critically on knowledge of soil moisture dynamics. Various hydrological and weather prediction models directly or indirectly depends on this factor. Thus, to improve the efficiency of these models, appropriate mapping of spatial and temporal distribution of surface soil moisture is needed. At global level, mapping of soil moisture distributions is not feasible manually, as it is a time consuming process. Therefore, this task can be accomplished by using satellite remote sensing techniques. A lot of work has been done in this area over a last 3 decades. Significantly, space borne Passive Microwave Remote Sensing has played a vital role in mapping surface soil moisture at global scale. L-Band (1.4 GHz) is considered as the best frequency to estimate surface soil moisture from space mission. ICRS has successfully completed a project entitled, "Determination of Soil moisture over India using Space Borne Passive Microwave Sensors onboard SMOS", sanctioned by India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi. ICRS team have effectively worked on downscaling of SMOS derived low resolution (~20km) soil moisture data to higher resolution (1km) soil moisture data by synergistically combining low resolution soil moisture data from SMOS with high resolution IR/Optical data from MODIS and validated simulated high resolution (1km) soil moisture data with ground truth data. With this experience of passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture, ICRS wants to extend its work in retrieval of soil moisture at high spatial resolution using NISAR data. In addition, ICRS would like to develop algorithms to capture surface soil moisture variability at high spatial and temporal resolution by fusion of Space Borne Microwave RADAR and Radiometer data. SAR data are not affected by cloud covers as in case of optical/IR data thus, downscaling by fusion of RADAR data with Microwave Radiometer data will provide high resolution soil moisture maps in all weather conditions.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐8
ICRS is also planning to make ground based scatterometer at L band (1215MHz to 1300MHz) and S Band (3162.5MHz to 3237.5MHz). These ground based scatterometer will be used to collect scattering coefficient data along with its corresponding ground truth soil moisture data. These activities will greatly help in developing and improving models to retrieve surface soil moisture from NASA-ISRO NISAR mission. ICRS is already having experience for ground truth data collection for SMOS soil moisture product validation. Thus, ICRS would like to use its experience for NISAR mission. Ground Truth data will be collected at tentative test site locations all over India covering different topographies, climatic conditions and soil types. Scattering coefficient data from both ground based scatterometers and existing SAR mission like ALOS-PALSAR, SMAP etc will be procured along with corresponding ground truth soil moisture data. Then inversion radiative transfer models will be implemented to retrieve soil moisture from scattering coefficient data and then it will be compared with ground truth soil moisture data. In addition to this interferometric SAR (InSAR) data will be used to study soil moisture parameter and along with this generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) will also be carried out. This activity will help in developing, validating and improving models to retrieve soil moisture from SAR data. In conclusion, pre CAL/VAL activities for soil moisture estimation from L-Band & S-Band Microwave SAR data will greatly help in improving and firmly accomplishing NISAR mission objectives.
17. PolSAR Image Classification for various Land Cover Features - Varsha Turkar, Vidyalankar Institute of technology, Mumbai ([email protected], varshaturkargmail.com)
PolSAR systems can collect data in day or night, and also under all weather conditions. With time, the resolution of SAR is improving. Multi-frequency, multi-polarized and multi-temporal data are also available operationally. The data is available from different past and present PolSAR systems like SIR-C, ENVISAT-ASAR, ALOS-PALSAR, TerraSAR-X, RADARSAT-2 and RISAT-1. It is shown by many researchers that the SAR data can be effectively used to extract geophysical parameters of the Earth. Classification of PolSAR images has become a very important topic after the availability of data from various satellites. Several studies have reported the use of PolSAR data to map various land covers. The classification of images helps to monitor the growth of settlement, urban planning and development, crop acreage estimation, deforestation, wetlands etc. Different classification approaches using SAR data were proposed by several researchers. Many of them have used AIRSAR data which has good resolution and good signal to noise ratio, with not much diversity in the land covers. They have worked on one type of land cover at a time like crops (Lee et al. 2002, Ainsworth et al. 2009) or settlement (Cloude-Pottier 1997) and the data used was ideal (planned crops or forest or settlement). In past, the work is done on multi-frequency and multi-polarization data, but the data was acquired from SIR-C (Bourgeau-Chavez et al. 2001) and AIRSAR (Lee et al. 2002, Ainsworth et al. 2009) sensors having same resolution and same incidence angle. The proposed work intends to find out the effective technique for the classification of variety of land-covers, when the data is acquired from different satellites with different resolutions and different incident angles. Classification of settlement is one of the most important applications of PolSAR. Other researchers (Yamaguchi et al. 2004, Yamamoto et al. 2007) also suggested different techniques to detect and classify man-made targets using circular correlation coefficient (CCC). But there is no effective method to classify randomly oriented dense settlement with the existing low resolution data. This paper suggests an effective technique for classifying the urban area which is not orthogonal to radar line of sight by using Polarization Orientation Compensation (POC). After the launch of Indian RISAT-1 in April 2012, hybrid Pol SAR data are available. The work in this area was confined to simulated hybrid pol data from full pol data for classification (Ainsworth et al. 2009). The analysis of classification capabilities of RISAT-1 hybrid data for various land covers is done in this work. Further the classification accuracy of optical and PolSAR data is compared and also studied the synergy of both remote sensing techniques.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐9
Keywords: PolSAR, Decomposition, Multi-frequency, Classification
18. Biophysical Parameters Assessment of vegetation Using dual frequency SAR data - Pooja Rana, Shivani M Shah, Dipanwita Haldar, Pushplata B Shah and Manab Chakraborty, SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad.
Agricultural is the backbone of Indian economy, providing livelihood to the maximum population and contributing to the Gross National Product. Timely estimates and seasonal crop acreage and production estimates are important for formulation of marketing strategies such as export/import, price fixation, and public distribution. Conventional techniques to provide this information are highly tedious, time consuming, more often subjective, whereas polarimetric SAR (Pol-SAR) has the requisite potential to provide the information about quantitative bio-physical agricultural parameters on a regular, synoptic, temporal, timely and in a more objective manner. An attempt can be made for the separability of vegetation according to intra-class and Interclass by using multi-polarization and multi-temporal dual frequency SAR data. We can examine the Entropy-Alpha-Anisotropy approach to radar polarimetry and can relate the polarimetric parameters with agricultural bio-physical parameters to understand the interaction of microwave signal with vegetation in terms of change in entropy (H), anisotropy (A) and alpha (α) angle as crop growth progress. Metrological events can also be evaluated using L-band SAR data which will focus on the study of vegetation. Other parameters can be investigated like HH-VV phase difference, amplitude ratio, polarization indices, polarimetric signatures, monitoring of biophysical parameters, soil moisture estimation, vegetation monitoring etc.
19. Retrieval of crop biophysical parameters from NISAR - Ramandeep Kaur M. Malhi and G. Sandhya Kiran, M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara ([email protected])
The knowledge of crop biophysical variables is of prime interest in many applications including crop function modeling, evapo-transpiration, crop growth modeling and yield prediction. Even at a much smaller scale, as in precision farming and water management, biophysical parameters play a critical role to describe the state of crop development and water needs. Measurement of these parameters during the growing season also provides an opportunity for improving grain yields and quality by site- specific application of fertilizers. Direct field techniques for estimating these parameters require frequent destructive harvesting. Such techniques are difficult, extremely labour intensive, and costly in terms of time and money. They can hardly be extended to cover large areas. In order to handle these problems, RS technology offers numerous advantages over traditional methods in retrieval of these parameters. The main sources of remote sensing data are optical and microwave sensors. Optical data has proved its potential in the crop parameter retrieval and its use is simple and non-complex. But unfortunately its use is often limited by certain factors. This data is vulnerable to data gaps during critical crop growth stages due to its dependency on atmospheric conditions such as cloud, haze, rainfall etc. At this point it was interesting to study the potential of SAR data in crop parameter retrieval of field crops. All weather capability and sensitivity of this data to canopy structure and moisture increases its utility for retrieving the crop parameters. SAR data images of the agricultural fields during kharif season have their own significance as it can penetrate through the clouds very easily. This is a common hindrance for the optical data. In the present study, the sensitivity of C-band Envisat ASAR backscatter to cotton and banana biophysical variables viz. LAI has been investigated. Results showed poor correlation between C-band HH and VV backscatter with LAI while VV/HH ratio showed quite good correlation with LAI. In continuation with this understanding, we intend to extend our studies for L and S-band in the NISAR data. These bands may prove their potentials in identifying and optimizing the band for the estimation of the crop biophysical parameters. Keywords: crop, biophysical parameter, optical, SAR
20. Use of Satellite Observations in the Soil Moisture Assimilation System at NCMRWF - John P George, A. Lodh, Swapan Mallick and E N Rajagopal, NCMRWF, NOIDA ([email protected])
Soil moisture is a key variable which describes the exchange of moisture and heat between the land surface and the atmosphere. So it is important to provide accurate soil moisture initial condition to the atmospheric models used for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). Since it is extremely difficult to NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐10 get the in-situ soil moisture observations in real time, various methods are being adopted by different modeling communities to initialize the soil moisture in the models. NCMRWF is using Unified Model (NCUM) for the global NWP. A soil moisture assimilation system has been implemented at NCMRWF recently. This system, adapted from Met Office, UK, is based on the nudging technique which uses the screen level atmospheric temperature and humidity observations to derive the soil moisture tendencies. Surface soil wetness observation from ASCAT (Advanced scatterometer instrument) is also used in the assimilation system. Six hourly soil moisture analysis is being prepared at NCMRWF routinely and used to initialize the soil moisture in the NCUM model. The presentation describes the use of ASCAT observation in the soil moisture assimilation system as well as the future plans.
21. Impact of Sea Level Rise on Lakshadweep Islands Ecosystem - Ashutosh Saidawat, J. Sundaresan, CSIR-NISCAIR, New Delhi ([email protected], [email protected])
Lakshadweep islands are situated in Arabian sea between latitude 8ºN and 12º 30' N and between longitude 71º E and 74º E. This archipelago consists of many atolls and submerged banks. Lakshadweep islands are very small with maximum area 5 km2 and minimum area 1km2. It consist 36 islands, islets, reefs and sand banks with total area of 32km2. Ten islands (area 28.5km2) in this archipelago are inhabited. Sea level rise will have specific effects on ecosystem of these islands since height of these islands (maximum height is less than 5meter) is very less. Fresh water aquifers available at these islands are the only natural sources of potable water. Present study examine fresh water potential of selected islands of this archipelago using Ghyben-Herzberg relation. Shoreline changes of islands with sea level rise were estimated using Brunns' rule. Coastal settlement and important location were surveyed and height from mean sea level were measured with Electronic Total Station and DGPS. Thematic maps of islands were preparing using GeoEye images.
22. Climate Change and Capacity Building for Small Island - Lakshadweep Islands - Pranay Kr. Singh, Sundaresan J, CSIR-NISCAIR, New Delhi
Small Islands are unique due to size, natural resources, population, remote location and vulnerable position to natural disasters, accessibility for economic growth and dependability for livelihood on main lands. Climate Change will have transitional impacts on small Islands due to increasing extreme events happened on the various part of the world for the last one decade. Lakshadweep Islands are tiny islands, remotely located and scattered in Arabian Sea (Latitude -8 and 13N & Longitude- 71and 74E). Natural resources of these islands are limited to coconut and tuna fishing. Present study consist the impact of climate change on various natural resources and the livelihood of the inhabitants of Lakshadweep Archipelago. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and total stations were utilized to conduct survey several resources. Geo-Eye Satellite Imageries are applied to map resources and establishments of selected Islands. Present study also consist the application of Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICM) and Ecosystem Based Ocean and Coastal Management (EBM) as important tools for Capacity Building of the stakeholders as a part of the Adaptation to Climate Change.
23. Potential Applications of NISAR L-band Data in Forest Ecosystem - Alpana Shukla, Mitali Gautam, M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad - 380019
Forests constitute pools of terrestrial carbon and are considered as global sinks of atmospheric CO2 attenuating greenhouse effect. Human activities in the forest zone are however reducing the size of the carbon pool and thus triggering climate change and change in natural equilibrium. Given their global importance, there is need to map and monitor the forest ecosystems using space borne sensors. The paper has reviewed existing literature on state-of-art related to potentials of SAR data in general and L-band as well as polarimetry applications to understand forest ecosystem and biomass estimation in particular. The sensitivity of SAR data to forest stem volume increases significantly as the radar wavelength increases. In L-band, the Radar waves penetrate through the primary, secondary branches, trunks and ground. Using L-band SAR, biomass can be retrieved up to 100–140Mg/ha. Change detection through multi-temporal comparison of data proved useful for mapping
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐11 deforestation/regeneration and forest dynamics. It has been found that multipolarization L-band SAR data were useful for Above Ground Biomass estimation of forest stands. It has also been stated that L- Band SAR image was more suitable to discriminate different levels for estimating biomass of regenerating forests in tropical regions. The applications of L-band SAR to forest fire scar detection, through change detection and polarimetric signature analyses, has also been successfully achieved. Thus, these studies quite evidently state the potentials of better research and studies for various forestry applications using L-band SAR. The synergistic applications of NISAR L-band SAR with other remote sensing datasets can be explored further.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐12
GEOSCIENCES AND HAZARDS:
24. Flood Assessment, Monitoring and Management using SAR - M.V.S.S. Giridhar, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad ([email protected])
As SAR systems in general have good cloud penetration capabilities they are the preferred tool to observe flood situations from space, as these often occur during long lasting precipitation and cloud cover periods which, in many cases, hamper an observation by optical remote sensing instruments. The new class of high resolution L and S band SAR sensors offers great potential in the field of flood mapping however, they are also new challenges for processing and analysis of these sets. These issues need to overcome in the improved digital image processing. Flood maps derived from SAR data can play an important role for improved flood assessment, monitoring and management in coupled with GIS data sets. If the SAR data is available with high resolution, we can develop, demonstrate, and validate a decision support system for cost effective flood assessment, monitoring and management using space borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, hydrological and hydraulic models, and in- situ data. The prototype system can provide near real-time information on the flood event, flood levels, better flood forecasting, and to improve best practices for management of rivers, their catchments and command areas. Further, water levels from the flood maps can also be derived from these data sets in coupled with GIS flooding simulations.
25. Crustal deformation studies using advanced InSAR time series techniques - K.M. Sreejith, Ritesh Agarwal, A.S. Rajawat, SAC, ISRO
SAR Interferometry (InSAR) has become an important remote sensing tool for measuring crustal deformation due to various geophysical processes earthquake, volcanoes, landslide, water and oil extraction and glacier flow. Conventional InSAR is reliable in measuring large amplitude deformations caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruption. However, lack of data availability and loss of coherence produced by various decorrelation effects provide constraints in using InSAR techniques for measuring low amplitude deformation such as post-seismic and interseismic deformations. Recently developed InSAR time series techniques like Persistent Scatterer interferometry (PSInSAR), Small Baseline Subset Interferometry (SBAS) and Multiscale InSAR Time-Series (MInTS) have given promising results for monitoring long term surface deformation. Among these techniques, we discuss the PSInSAR technique with special reference to the post-seismic deformation of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake.
26. SAR Measurements for Earthquake Studies in India - B K Rastogi, Pallabee Choudhury and Rakesh Dumka, Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382009 and K.M. Sreejith, SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad ([email protected],dg- [email protected])
In India SAR studies have been done for some earthquakes in Himalaya and Kutch. The Himalaya and Andaman plate boundary is active with several earthquakes of magnitude up to 8.5 occurring at ~50yr interval and even 2004 M9.2 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. An intra-plate Kutch region also experiences up to M7.8 earthquake (1819 and 2001). Some SAR anomalies were observed for M6.5 earthquakes in Himalaya in 1991 and 1999. GPS and SAR studies have revealed pockets of high strain rates for more than a decade after the2001 M7.7 Kutch earthquake near several faults activated up to distances of 250 km north and south with M4-5.6 earthquakes. Dense network of 22 GPS stations (supplemented by 11 campaign mode stations) indicates horizontal deformation of 2-5mm/yr and vertical deformation up to 13 mm/yr. SAR indicates pockets of high vertical deformation of 1- 27mm/yr (which is higher than that in Himalaya). ENVISAT ASAR data has been used for the periods of 2004-2007 and 2008-2009 while ALOS PULSAR data during 2007-2010. Five corner reflectors were deployed for some period. The estimated horizontal compressional strain rates/yr are 0.06 micro-strain. Vertical strain rates are to be estimated. Most of the pockets of high strains are matching with the post-seismic Coulomb stress changes. It is surmised that the large stress drop due to 2001 earthquake spawned a stress pulse that travelled at 25km/yr on the basis of migration of seismicity with moderate earthquakes.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐13
27. Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) for Seismic Hazard Studies – John Mathew, Ritwik Majumdar, K. Vinod Kumar, NRSC, ISRO, Hyderabad ([email protected])
Seismic events result in the release of accumulated stress in the earth's crust and can cause surface deformation in the form of surface rupture, subsidence and / or upliftment close to the epicentre. Quantification of the inter-seismic tectonic deformation in the seismogenic zones helps to evaluate the strain in such areas in view of anticipated future earthquakes. At the same time, co-seismic deformation estimation is helpful for the seismic source characterisation, evaluation of the released stress against the accumulated stress and for deriving indications about future seismic events. When earthquakes occur along regional tectonic features, such estimates help to identify locked segments which might stand higher chances for future earthquakes. Finally, evaluation of the post-seismic deformation also is important to understand the visco-elastic rebound in the source zone. Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) Interferometry is a technique that is capable of delineating sub- centimetre level surface deformation in the line of sight (LOS) direction of SAR acquisition.
The interferometric phase of coherent pairs of SAR images contains the contributions from topographic, atmospheric, environmental and error contributions in addition to the contribution from surface deformation. By removing the extraneous contributions, the surface deformation component related to the event of interest could be extracted. The co-seismic, inter-seismic and post-seismic deformations in seismogenic zones can be quantified using DInSAR technique. It can be used in seismic hazard studies for source characterisation by deriving the position, orientation and slip distribution along the seismogenic structure by inverting the observed deformation through linear or non-linear models. The DInSAR based deformation estimates could be verified using concurrent GNSS-based ground observations.
28. Source based Maximum Magnitude Estimation Considering Remote Sensing Data, Micro earthquakes and Field Study - P.Anabzhagan, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore; J.V. Thomas and A. Arunachalam, EOS, ISRO HQ, Bangalore
Seismic sources and micro earthquakes play a very important role in the study of seismic activity and future seismic hazard in a region. Most of the seismic hazard analyses in India are being carried out considering a seismic source having a moment magnitude (Mw) more than 4. Micro earthquakes are indicative of seismic activity in the region, and many a time these are ignored because of a poor relationship with the existing seismic sources. The investigators currently applied for a project (under RESPOND 2015-17) to identify the rupture characteristic of a region through sequence of change in surface signature using remote sensing images recorded since 1972and associate the same with micro earthquakes. These data will be used to refine the potential of seismic sources for future earthquake, i.e. active seismic sources. The seismically active areas identified in the above study will be further explored using NISAR interferometric data and accurately estimate the surface deformations. Surface features identified in NISAR will be cross verified by carrying out geophysical investigations such as seismic surface wave survey, Ground penetrating radar survey and resistivity imaging survey. Field measurement at active region will be compared and correlated with NISAR interferometric data. Refined active seismic sources will be used to derive rupture character of the region, which will be further used to estimate Maximum magnitude (Mmax). This source based maximum magnitude estimated based on study will be compared with conventional maximum magnitude estimations. Further seismic hazard of the region will be estimated from the active seismic sources identified in this study and compared with seismic hazard of analysis by conventional method by considering the seismic source having magnitude Mw ≥ 4.
29. Impact of thermal expansion on Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Products – Shweta Sharma, SAC, ISRO ([email protected])
Permanent scatterer interferometry (PSI) technique is an advanced differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) technique for measuring land deformation. It overcomes the limitations associated with conventional InSAR and utilizes the pixels that remain coherent over a sequence of interferograms. The outcome of PSInSAR includes land deformation velocity map and deformation times series. Apart from the two unknown parameter of interests viz. deformation velocity and DEM residual, PSI observations are influenced by one more unknown parameter: NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐14 thermal expansion parameter which is a consequence of the displacement caused by the temperature differences in the imaged area. This displacement between two SAR acquisitions gives rise to an additional phase term called as thermal expansion component in PSI phase observations. Thermal expansion can have strong impact on the PSI products if it remains unmodeled. The deformation caused by thermal expansion can be wrongfully incorporated within the deformation velocity maps. This component of PSI observations is particularly important in the urban environment where thermal dilation and contraction of high rise buildings is common. In order to avoid misleading results, in this study impact of thermal expansion on PSI products is proposed.
30. Subduction Zone Island arc volcanism – Active tectonic constraints from Andaman Nicobar archipelago using NISAR - Anil Earnest, CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka.
Satellite interferometry can be used in monitoring ground-surface deformation on Barren and Narcondam volcanoes of A&N Islands in Indian territory. This offers several advantages, compared to conventional volcano surveys that use electronic distance meters, as satellite based observations does not require lines-of-sight between benchmarks so they can be located almost anywhere as long as the site has a clear view of the sky. Another advantage is that measurements can be made in almost any weather condition. Both horizontal and vertical changes in position can be measured to an accuracy of a few millimeters (horizontal) to several millimeters (vertical). Finally, remotely sensed data is reducing the chances of human causality in working in such a risky terrain and the logistical issues in conducting such a field operation. Repeated satellite measurements can be made to detect the surface deformation and in order to the magma rising toward a volcano's surface. This will improve our warning capabilities. The direction in which surface deformation happens and the rates of deformation often enable us to estimate the source of the deformation through numerical simulations. On volcanoes, however, an accuracy of a few centimeters or less is extremely important for detecting the build up of stress and pressure caused by magma rising toward the ground surface. To obtain this kind of accuracy in our measurements, we need to take other factors into account, including the variation in the speed of the signal transmitted from the satellite as it travels through the atmosphere and the uncertainty in the position of the satellite. A common way of eliminating these potential errors is to set up GPS receivers over several volcano benchmarks at the same time so that we can simultaneously collect data from satellites. Since most of the error associated with the delay of the signal through the atmosphere and the location of the satellites becomes the same for all sites, we can determine their positions relative to one another to less than a centimeter.
31. Study of Terrestrial Planetary Analogues using NISAR - Shiv Mohan and S. Vijayan, PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad ([email protected]) Radar has become an increasingly important tool in the investigation of a wide range of objects in the solar system, including the terrestrial planets, the Moon, Mars, Venus, asteroids and comets, and the icy satellites of the outer planets. It is also one of the important tools for planetary ice detection and buried features detection. Earlier planetary missions like Mini SAR in Chandrayaan-1 and Mini-RF in LRO used polarimetric SAR imaging for the detection of ice buried under regolith in polar region of lunar surface. Also, some of the buried features on lunar surface were detected using Chandrayaan-1 S-band SAR. Other planets like Mars is probed by deep probing radar named as SHARAD and MARSIS working at few of meters wavelength. These radars have shown evidence of subsurface ice at deeper layers extending up to few km. Also indications of buried basins, lava flow, channels, and debris covered glaciers are very strongly indicated by various sensors and models. Venus radar probed surface of Venus and provided information of surface for the first time. Cassini radar had been used for imaging various features on planetary surface as flyby covering Saturn and its moons like Titan, Enceladus etc. In addition, future SAR includes dual frequency S- and L-band SAR on-board Chandrayaan-2 during 2016-17 time frame. PLANEX Science group has recently suggested a need of dual frequency SAR for Mars surface imaging mainly for buried ice and feature detection. NI SAR is the first earth orbital SAR, which would provide data at S- and L-band covering various parts of earth. Terrestrial analogue studies have been particularly useful in investigating the planetary surfaces. Planetary analogues on earth serve a great scientific purpose in establishing the methodology and
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐15 verification of various processes. Acquiring data from this sensor would help in understanding and developing methodologies for the investigation of planetary data in future. Nearly one third of Martian surface is obscured by layers of dust deposited by Aeolian processes. Ash and sedimentary deposits, produced by volcanoes and flowing water, can be quite thick, but wind- blown dust deposits are likely on the order of meters in depth. Beneath these mantling deposits are geologic features of considerable importance and ice which is important in the study of climate change and may harbour evidence of past or present life. In addition SAR imaging of dunes would help us in identifying dune and its type and its relation with wind. Dunes are considered to be important indicators of local and regional changes associated with Aeolian activities. Such activities exist on Mars and Titan surfaces. Venus also indicates presence of dunes. Buried features in regions covering parts of desertic terrain in India would be used for assessing potential of dual SAR for imaging such features and depth estimation. Such conditions are known for Mars and Moon surfaces. In an effort to establish an analogue for debris-covered ice features in the mid-latitudes of Mars, it is required to investigate lobate glacial feature for understanding and estimation of ice volume using SAR data. In addition, sites covering Antarctic Maitry station in Antarctic region represents extreme condition of temperatures therefore, data over this site would be useful for investigating permafrost region, subsurface scattering and dielectric properties. In summary, terrestrial planetary analogues would be studied using dual frequency NI SAR, which would help in investigating and understanding SAR data from various planetary missions.
32. Mapping of flows of Mount Sinabung volcano using RISAT-1 CFRS-1 data - Sandhya Rani Pattanaik, Sushil Kumar Singh, I.M.Bahuguna, A.S.Rajawat, Manab Chakraborty and Tapan Mishra, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad
Remote sensing techniques have been used as a promising tool for observing active volcanoes throughout the world. Potentials of optical and thermal data are well established in volcanic studies. However, due to haze and smoke over volcanoes, optical data sometimes is not suitable for mapping of flows. Microwave data due to its penetration capability through atmosphere and sensitiveness to topography, has been found useful to identify map and monitor the volcanic flows. Surface roughness and dielectric constant make it possible to identify the different composition of flows. RISAT-1 CFRS-1 SAR data (3m spatial resolution) of 05 Nov 2013 over Mount Sinabung, an active volcano in Sumatra, has been used to study the volcanic flows of different period and their possible composition. SRTM DEM was also used for determination of height of the dome and respective lava flows. Numerous lava flows have been mapped using their backscattering response. SAR backscattering coefficient clearly indicates that the nature of lava flows are of the intermediate type (Andesite). Scattering mechanism is used to interpret the physical surface of the target. Hybrid decomposition image confirms the rough nature of the lava flows based on surface scattering mechanism which also indicate the possibility of intermediate magma. Availability of high temporal and spatial resolution polarimetric data in L & S band under NISAR mission will further enhance our understanding about the nature of volcanic lava along with additional information on land surface changes using interferometric techniques, especially in the case of active volcano.
33. Impact of Urban Canopies on Heat Islands: A case-study of megacity Delhi using Remote Sensing data - Anurag Kandya1 and Manju Mohan2 (1Indus University, Ahmedabad; 2Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi)
With the rapid rate of urbanization and industrialization which the entire globe is undergoing, Urban Heat Island (UHI) emerges as one of the most challenging environmental problems of the 21st century. Delhi, the capital of India, has more than 53% of its area as built-up and is rapidly urbanizing. With this background, the present study of comprehensively assessing the spatio-temporal variation of the nighttime and daytime UHI intensities across Delhi during 2001-2011 has been undertaken. Annually averaged Land Surface Temperature (LST) of both nighttime and daytime for the study area was retrieved from the Monsoon Asia Integrated Regional Study program which utilizes Terra and Aqua Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) with 1 km spatial resolution. Each dataset contained 1863 data points. With reference to the lowest annually averaged LST for the given year the respective UHI intensity for the entire study area was computed and mapped for the study duration (2001-2011). These maps were quantified in terms of geographical area coming under each
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐16
UHI intensity range. For correlating the impact of the changing land use / land cover on the UHI intensity, 36 locations representing the 5 types of prominent land-use / land-cover viz. urban built-up areas, green areas, open areas, riverside areas and urban outskirts (resembling rural areas) existing in Delhi were considered. Mann-Kendall trend test was done over the annually averaged nighttime and daytime UHI intensities of these locations. In addition to this, the UHI maps were also analyzed along with the population density and population growth maps of the city.
The paper thus quantifies the impact of the urban canopies on ‘heat islands’ and in the background of the accelerated rate of urbanization, calls for multi-level heat island mitigation measures.
34. Application of L-band SAR data for deriving vital Hydrogeological inputs for Groundwater Management - G. Sreenivasan, A. K. Joshi, RRSC-Central, NRSC, ISRO, Amravati Road, Nagpur
The increasing pressure on ground water due to rise in population, more use of groundwater for irrigation, reduction in the average rainfall and its erratic pattern in the arid and semi arid agro- climatic regions of India has created an urgent need for sustainable management of the groundwater resources in many parts of India. The estimation of groundwater resources of an area and its management requires the mapping/derivation of a number of vital parameters viz., identification of recharge & discharge zones, geological structures, landforms, litho units, nature of weathering and inventory of the already existing water harvesting structures. Earlier results have shown that SAR data from different satellites across the globe have been very useful for litho unit differentiation, mapping of geological structures, extracting geomorphic features and identification of different regimes of soil moisture. L-band multi-polarization SAR has unique advantages in interpreting the hydrogeological parameters such as geological structures, landforms, recharge & discharge areas required for planning groundwater management strategies, and will be able to give better results in comparison to the C- band and X-band SAR. L-band SAR, due to its better penetration capability, is better suited for mapping soil moisture, and thus useful in deciphering recharge and discharge zones. The penetration capability of the L-band SAR in arid and semi-arid terrains along with other inherent properties of SAR such as side-looking geometry, backscatter controlled by terrain roughness and imaging capability in different look directions and incidence angles can highlight the specific landforms and geological structures. Mainly it is found useful in identifying and mapping the quaternary geomorphic units such as palaeo-channels and other fluvial landforms, and sub-surface lineaments. An additional enhancement by image processing of SAR data through fusion with multi- spectral optical data is able to enhance the interpretability of the hydrogeological parameters vital for framing the groundwater management strategies. The polarimetric decomposition of SAR data and analysis of the resulting images is helpful in better highlighting the quaternary geomorphic units by bringing out contrast between landform boundaries which are not discernible from comparable optical remote sensing data. The hydrogeological parameters derived using SAR data form vital inputs for the geospatial models developed for suggesting the strategies for groundwater management, such as identifying sites for groundwater recharge structures
35. Data Quality Evaluation and Monitoring Approach for SAR Sensors - Maneesha Gupta, Anuja Sharma and B. Kartikeyan, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, 380015
Data quality evaluation and calibration of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) products is essential with respect to payload health and reliability of the data products for users. In this poster, systematic approaches have been presented for evaluating and monitoring the SAR data from Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1). RISAT-1, a C-band SAR, has multi-mode imaging capability and provides data in varying resolution in single, dual, quad and hybrid polarizations [1]. Here, four aspects have been shown - first is the onboard calibration data analysis for monitoring the variation in the phase and power of all the TxRx modules. Second is the evaluation and monitoring of quality parameters
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐17 directly from the raw signal data such as Doppler centroid estimation, echo data statistics in terms of bias in the mean of I/Q Channels, power imbalance and phase imbalance. A novel approach is adopted to estimate the 3dB qualified swath from the basic raw data [2]. Third aspect is to assess the image quality, using Level-1 single look complex data carrying passive corner reflectors as point targets. GUI based analysis is shown to measure the 2D IRF and the derived parameters such as geometric resolution, PSLR, ISLR for the deployed corner reflectors [3]. The absolute calibration is carried out by measuring the observed RCS and comparing it with the theoretical RCS. Finally, methodology is presented for radiometric evaluation of ground projected data (Level-1 GR) in terms of γ0, σ0, radiometric resolution, NESZ and speckle index using the homogeneous extended targets such as Amazon Rainforest. For analysing these parameters, software modules such as SAR Raw Data Quality Evaluation Software Tool (SAR-RQuEST), RISAT-1 Point Target Analysis (RI-PTAN), Radiometric Data Quality Evaluation (RDQE) have been developed and are operational for RISAT-1 SAR mission. This approach can further be adopted for upcoming SAR missions.
[1]. Misra, T., S. S. Rana, N. M. Desai, D. B. Dave, R. Jyoti, R. K. Arora, C. V. N. Rao, B. V. Bakori, R. Neelakantan, and J. G. Vachchani 2013.“Synthetic Aperture Radar Payload On-Board RISAT-1: Configuration, Technology and Performance.”Current Science (00113891) 104 (4): 447–461; [2]. Gupta M., B. Kartikeyan and Santanu Chowdhury, "An approach to evaluate and monitor RISAT-1 SAR from level-0 raw data", Vol.35, No. 16, 6043-6059, International Journal of Remote Sensing; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.943323/ [3]. Gupta M., Anuja Sharma and B. Kartikeyan, "Image quality assessment of RISAT-1 SAR using trihedral corner reflectors in different beams", Vol 8 No. 2 October 2014, 130-139, Journal of Geomatics.
36. “ITG-Tool”: A GUI based Software for Interferometric SAR processing for monitoring surface deformation - Biswajit Manna1, Tapas Kr. Dey1, Debashish Chakravarty1, Arundhati Misra2 & Biswajit Samanta1, 1IIT-Kharagpur, 2SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad
Study of spatio-temporal changes of earth surface due to man-made activities or natural catastrophe is of great importance to identify cause-effect relationship of those activities. Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) is one of the useful techniques to measure spatio- temporal changes due to glacier dynamics and ice motions, volcanic eruptions, earthquake deformations, landslides and mining subsidence etc. “InSAR processing Tool for Ground observation (ITG-Tool)”, which is a GUI based software as shown in Figure1, has been developed by Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur along with SAC, ISRO, during the tenure of a purely R&D project sponsored by ISRO. This software has been designed in such a way, that remote sensing users with a preliminary knowledge of InSAR processing, can process interferometric mode SAR data using step by step processing to generate a Differential DEM (DDEM) or a deformation map of a particular area of interest for a definite time interval. This tool can process raw SAR data showing intermediate results during every processing step. Output results at each step can be obtained and data analysis can be done to interpret the results. During the development stage, few resources have been adopted from Repeat Orbit Interferometry PACkage (ROI_PAC), JPL NASA, for the implementation and modification of the open source codes. To check the efficacy of the developed software, one set of ERS tandem SAR data of Maithon – Panchet, Asansol area has been processed and the end result (geo-coded phase unwrapped image) is shown in Figure 2. As the time gap between two acquisitions is one day (1996.05.01-1996.05.02) no significant surface changes are observed, as is expected. The L band ALOS-PALSAR processing will also be done through this tool for further analysis. NISAR system is envisaged to have both L and S band SAR data. The developed tool will be extended for processing interferometric mode data sets for deformation studies and long time series zonations of the NISAR data. Synergistic use of the two frequency bands data may also open up interesting possibility for deformation studies.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐18
37. A Study on Urban Demographic structure of Coimbatore City - A.Ilanthirayan, Assistant Professor in Geography, Govt Arts College, Karur-5 (TN)
The urban development is one of the growths by influence of physical, socio-economic, demographic, and cultural and Technological factors. The level of urbanization is force of Socio-Economic improvement and as well as the level of population. The percent paper concentrated level of demographic structure of coimbatore city, Tamilnadu, Coimbatore city is one of the portions of the coimbatore district from the Tamilnadu state spreads over an area of 105.6059km. It is located at distance of 500km from the Chennai. By the geographical locations of the river Noyyal rising from the vilhingiri hills on the west. It is surrounded by the Nillingiri, a rich tea producing hinterland in the north, Pollachi and the receiving centre for forest production in the south and the Cochin harbor in the southwest To study spatial distribution of population of the Coimbatore city .To bring the status of population improvements Industrial development and growth trends. Finally overlap over all demographic structure and socio-Economic status of the city through the innovative approaches through GIS.
38. Study of Ground Deformation of Bhuj Area using PSInSAR - Koushik Biswas1, Arundhati Misra2, Debashish Chakravarty1 and Pabitra Mitra1, 1IIT-Kharagpur, 2SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) is a powerful technique which can provide precise measurements of ground deformation from satellite observations at millimetre level. This technique can estimate vertical ground displacements by generating mean line of sight (LOS) velocity map and deformation time-series of the target area. Persistent scatterers typically can be man-made objects (e.g. individual buildings, bridges etc) whose scattering behaviour remains unchanged over time. PSInSAR overcomes the decorrelation problems of differential InSAR (DInSAR) by identifying certain pixels whose scattering is dominated by a single scatterer in a series of generated interferograms. StaMPS (Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers), an open-source tool is used for this current study. PS-InSAR technique requires the processing of significant number of interferograms over the same ground area to identify temporally-stable, highly reflective ground features –also known as persistent scatterer (PS) pixels. In this study, 8 ERS 1/2 acquisitions (covering from period April 1996 to February 2002) of Bhuj (23.25 N, 69.67 E), located at Gujarat, India were analysed. The area is known for past seismic activities like 2001 Bhuj earthquake. The average deformation rate along the satellite line of sight (LOS) is found to be in range of -9 to 9 mm/year.
Fig.: Mean line of sight (LOS) velocity of Bhuj area
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐19
CRYOSPHERE:
39. Snow and glacier studies highlights using L and C-band SAR data and future hydrological applications using SAR data in part of North Western Himalayas - Praveen K. Thakur and S.P. Aggarwal, IIRS,ISRO, Dehradun ([email protected])
The work present two studies, first study highlight use of L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for snow density retrieval, second study highlight use of hybrid and fully polarimetric RISAT-1 data for snow and glacier studies and third section is discussion on use of integrated S and L-band SAR data for hydrological studies. First study has used polarimetric SAR data to derive the dry snow density in Manali sub-basin of Beas River located in state of Himachal Pradesh, India. SAR data from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS)-Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) has been used. The SAR based inversion models were implemented separately for fully polarimetric PALSAR in Mathematica and MATLAB software and have been used for finding out dry snow dielectric constant and snow density. Forest, built area, layover and shadow were masked out from study area, and remaining area was used to retrieve dry snow density. Overall accuracy in terms of R2 value and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was calculated as 0.93 and 0.08 g/cm3 for snow density retrieved using modified and original Shi and Dozier (2000) algorithm. The retrieved snow density is highly useful for snow avalanche and snowmelt runoff modeling related studies of this region. The second section shows the results from analysis of RISAT-1 SAR data in MRS (HH/HV) and Hybrid (RH/RV) modes for snow and glacier studies in part of North West Himalayas, mainly in Gangotri glacier and Beas-Chenab areas of NWH. The backscatter threshold method is used for finding the 1st level wet SCA. The basic principle for mapping wet snow is derived from the fact that wet SCA has major backscatter contribution from top surface and some from volume, and due the presence of water around ice crystals in snow the relative backscatter from wet SCA is much less than as that of dry snow or other land use land cover classes. The RISAT-1 data in FRS-1 RH/RV mode, dated 09 January 2013 of Gangotri glacier was processed to derive the various hybrid polarimetric decomposition parameters such as m-delta and m-chi decompositions over main Gangotri glacier area to derive various glacier features. The glacier displacement using RISAT-1 and other data for Gangotri glacier is also given. Lastly, discussions on utilization of integrated S and L-band SAR data for hydrological parameter retrieval is given. The S-band SAR data was first made available by miniSAR (wavelength 12.6 cm) data onboard chandrayaan-1 for Lunar poles. This data was in circular polarimetry (CP) and was used for lunar ice characterization using circular polarimetry ratio (CPR) methods. Similar attempt can be done using S-band SAR data to study various snow and glacier surface and sub-surface related properties. The SAR data in all the frequencies have specular scattering in case of water, therefore S- band SAR data can also be used for mapping of flooded area during monsoon season. Similarly, penetration capability of S and L-band SAR data can also be used for retrieving snow depth, snow wetness, surface roughness and soil moisture.
40. Monitoring of glacial zones and transient snowlines of Chhota Shigri glacier using dual-polarized C band SAR data - Sanchayita Kundu, Manab Chakraborty, SAC, ISRO, Ahmedabad – 380015 ([email protected])
The Himalayan glaciers, situated at low latitude tropical climatic belt and high altitude terrain, are unique and interesting to study. The Himalayan glaciated region, occupying 3x104 sq km area which is 17% of the Himalayan mountainous area, is the largest cryosphere outside the polar region. It has a great impact on climate, hydrology and ecosystem of the Indian sub-continent. The metamorphosis of the glacial zones is a key indicator of climatic impact on forming and evolving the glacier. The glacial zones are classified based on the physical properties of the mass, like, liquid water content, grain size, surface roughness, etc. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interacts differently with each of these properties. Use of SAR data to delineate the glacial zones provides opportunities to study seasonal evolution of snowpacks round the year and transient wet snowlines (TSLs) uninterruptedly during the ablation season.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐20
Chhota Shigri glacier, situated at Chandra basin of Himachal Pradesh, has been selected to study using temporal dual-polarized (HH, HV) Radar Imaging SATellite-1 (RISAT-1) Medium Resolution SAR (MRS) data. Data from August, 2012 to Nov, 2014 has been analyzed and TSLs are identified from lower boundary of wet snow glacial zone. Acute melting season starts from June onwards. A decrease in SAR backscattering from over all glaciated area has been observed during this time. Profile of SAR backscattering with altitude shows a sharp fall in the wet snow zone. The minimum altitude of this zone is considered as TSL for each date. The highest TSL altitudes for the year 2012 and 2013 are 5053 m and 4928 m respectively. The wet snowlines attained highest altitude around 240-260th day of the year. During November month a small peak at snowline altitude has also been observed. This smaller peak could be associated with temporary increase of insolation due to the decrease in cloud cover after recession of south-west summer monsoon. The SAR derived snowline altitudes are comparatively studied with the snowline altitudes obtained from optical remote sensing. The study shows a good matching of the two results. The optical data are affected by cloud cover restricts the study. Uninterrupted C band SAR data provides regular monitoring of snowlines during ablation season. The altitude of end of ablation season snowline provides information about the glaciers mass balance. In the absence of field measurements, use of SAR data to monitor the snowline can surrogate the ground measurements.
41. Application High Resolution SAR Imagery for Snow Physical Parameter Estimation - Sanjeev Kumar and Snehmani, SASE, DRDO, Dehradun ([email protected])
Active microwave images are generated through signal processing using the data collected by the SAR system from the target scenes on earth surface. However, the SAR images generated may contain geometric errors or distortions which cause the data in the present image to be inaccurate. In the rugged and vast inaccessible terrain of Himalayan region the topographic relief is very high. Topographic corrections of the satellite data are very important for accurate assessment of various parameters of terrain, snow cover/pack. In Himalayan region, very few studies have been carried out using active microwave satellite data. In this study, our focus is on the accurate mapping and estimation of different topographic effects viz. layover & shadow and assessment of snow wetness in the snow cover. The study area is Manali Sub-Basin of Beas River lies in the parts of Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh. In order to carry-out this study, we use Spot high resolution TerraSAR-X data. Theoretical, for processing of high resolution satellite (optical or microwave) data high resolution DTM is required. But in practical, we have limitations such as non availability of high resolution DEMs, master and proper geo-referenced imagery data. With the advances in the satellite technology, now a day’s getting very high resolution aerial and space-borne satellite (optical and microwave) imagery. At our institute, we have developed high resolution aerial digital photogrammetry DEM with resample size of ~1m (GSD~20cm) and DEM from Cartosat stereo data~10m. In this study, we used different resolution digital elevation models (DEM) along with these. Also, we have generated a high resolution mask for forest area in the study domain using aerial data and used in the processing, for segregation of forest area as it results in erroneous estimation of snow parameters. After implementation, we can accurately classify the imagery for layover, shadow and no classified area. Then snow wetness is estimated using Integral Equation model (IEM). Validation of the results is carried out using the field data. This data is collected at our observatories and nearby areas at distributed points during the satellite overpasses. These types of research studies will enhance our understanding of the Cryosphere and accurate mapping and monitoring snow parameter in Himalayan region. It can also fill the gaps in our analysis and understanding of the high resolution SAR imagery for accurate assessment of parameters.
42. Generation and Validation of the Interferometric SAR DEMs from TanDEM-X data for Indian Himalayan glacier - Ankur Pandit, IIT-Bombay
TanDEM-X SAR mission was launched in June, 2010 with an aim to generate high resolution global DEMs of HRTI-3 specification. Considering this, it is very important to evaluate the accuracy of the DEM generated using TanDEM-X InSAR data over the rugged terrains of Indian Himalayas. This paper presents the results of an evaluation study of the DEMs generated through interferometric technique using TanDEM-X data over two Indian Himalayan glaciers viz. Hamtah and Gangotri. The two generated DEMs have been compared with the corresponding accurate Differential Global
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐21
Positioning System (DGPS) values. On the basis of comparison of the elevation values between TanDEM-X DEM and DGPS data, it is observed that the Hamtah and Gangotri glacier DEMs show RMSE values 7.0 m and 8.2 m respectively. To evaluate the performance between TanDEM-X DEM and SRTM DEM, the SRTM DEM of the Hamtah glacier has also been compared with the DPGS points of Hamtah glacier and found to have a RMSE of 13.5m. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the generated TanDEM-X DEMs are of superior quality.
43. The Applications of L-band and S-band Radar Measurements to Monitor Cryosphere - OPN Calla, Shubhra Mathur, Kishan Lal Gadri, Shruti Singhal, ICRS, Jodhpur ([email protected])
Snow and ice are the main ingredients of the cryosphere and may be found in many forms, including snow cover, sea ice, freshwater ice, permafrost, and continental ice masses such as glaciers and ice sheets. They help in reducing the earth’s surface temperature by reflecting a large amount of sunlight. It stores fresh water for millions of people, and provides habitat for many plants and animals. Scientists in the field of cryospheric studies are often hindered by the lack of accessibility of ground measurements due to the rugged terrain, navigational hazards and inhospitable environment. In such cases, remote sensing technologies play an important role in cryospheric research. These techniques are imperative for researchers studying glacial retreat and mass balance change in relation to global climate change. Microwave observations from space-borne platforms have become an important tool for monitoring Cryosphere continuously. Their unique capabilities help to provide measurements unaffected by cloud cover, in absence of daylight and year-round with short repeat cycles. Longer wavelength (L band - 1.2 GHz) allows deeper penetration in snow or ice. These signals are less sensitive to near-surface changes of the snowpack and yields higher coherence between measurements with a longer temporal offset. This provides an advantage for examining the glacier flow velocity with interferometric SAR, since image coherence is less influenced by the quickly changing surface conditions. L-band (1.2 GHz) and S-band (3.2 GHz) microwave radar observations can help to measure properties of snow cover on land by providing information about the soil-snow boundary condition. In this proposal, we would like to examine the sensitivity of microwave radar measurements to soil and snow characteristics, and we will compare existing models with previously published data. It is also observed that thermal insulation provided by snow cover can have a powerful effect on the soil-snow boundary by altering the soil temperature and therefore changing the dielectric contrast. ICRS is working on the SAR data from last 2.5 Years in the field of planetary exploration. ICRS has also worked on Land, Ocean and Cryospheric Applications using scatterometer and radiometric data. But now ICRS wants to explore field of Cryospheric studies using SAR onboard NISAR which will provide high spatial resolution datasets. The main objective for this work will be Sea Ice monitoring over Arctic and Antarctica, Mapping of ice sheet flow velocity, Extraction of grounding line, Applications to mountain glacier Mapping and Monitoring of Surging glacier. Till the launch of NISAR, ICRS would like to develop new models and methodologies for cryospheric studies using ALOS-PALSAR datasets (due to availability of the similar frequency data). The new developed methods and Techniques will be focused on the above said objectives. Along with this, it will also focus on snow depth measurement, snow water equivalent and glacier mass balance estimation. Glacier mass-balance will be studied by interferometric SAR (InSAR) mode that measures ground movement and/or topography by comparing two or more SAR scenes with a spatial or temporal offset to each other. Along with this generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) will also be carried out. Validation of the new developed methods and techniques will be carried out using ground truth scatterometer data or airborne SAR campaigns data. This ground truth scatterometer will be developed at ICRS which will match the specification of SAR used in NISAR satellite. These developed techniques once validated can be used in achieving NISAR goals. This will ultimately benefit the common man living in the snow bound areas.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐22
44. Identification of Major Hot Spot Areas in selected parts of Antarctica with respect to spatiotemporal change of Land covers using Microwave Remote Sensing Data - Sandeep R. Oza, Jayaprasad,P, R. Rajak,SAC (ISRO) and Sarvesh Palria and Santasheel Chakraborty, M,D,S, University, Ajmer (Rajasthan) Antarctica is the earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89 °C (−129 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. New precise measurements taken by satellite shows that the Antarctic ice sheet is losing 159 billion tons of ice each year—twice as much as when it was last measured. Overall, the pattern of imbalance continues to be dominated by glaciers thinning in the coastal parts. Due to climate change and some morphological causes the ice sheets of Antarctica are changing their dimensions over decades. The present study is aimed with finding out the major hotspot regions in terms of area change in the coastal regions of Antarctica based on the available SAR data set and analyzing the causes of area change of the regions in terms of morphological aspect using change detection analysis. In recent years Microwave Remote Sensing has become a widely used technique for measuring and identifying the topographical displacement and change analysis at the earth’s surface. This study has given emphasis on detection of major hot spot areas in the coastal parts of southern Antarctic region through analysis over temporal Microwave datasets from 1997 to 2013. some major facts are observed like down ward movement of ice sheets in the influence of slope and gravitational force, movement of glacier tongue, glacier calving, ice berg formation and drifting away by ocean currents. It is observed that when the ice sheet is attached to a bed below sea level, ocean currents can deliver warm water to glacier grounding lines, the location where the ice attaches to the bed. Scientists recognized that this is the first step in a potential chain reaction. Ocean heat eats away at the ice, the grounding line retreats inland and ice shelves lose mass. When ice shelves lose mass, they lose the ability to hold back inland glaciers from their march to the sea, meaning those glaciers can accelerate and thin as a result of the acceleration. This thinning is only conducive to more grounding line retreat, more acceleration and more thinning. In this equation, more ice flows to sea every year and sea level rises. In this particular study the main aim is to detect some vulnerable areas in some part of coastal areas of Antarctica using advanced remote sensing database.
45. Energy balance partitioning and glacial processes: Role of SAR remote sensing - Nilendu Singh and Pankaj Chauhan, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India
Himalaya has its own peculiar energy–water fluxes and balance behavior. In order to understand the processes affecting the glacier dynamics, it is necessary to continuously monitor the glacier environment. A glacier environment comprises not only of glacier itself but also of local vegetation. Characterization of glacial surface energy and mass exchange processes can predict melt-driven stream flow, peak/extreme flows and can improve the temporal resolution of melt models. The combination of in situ surface energy balance measurements and assured cloud-free coverage space- based observations can help in characterizing and predicting glacial processes over large area. Thus, it is proposed to carry out a first-of-its-kind micrometeorological study in the Indian mid- altitudinal western Himalayan glacier named 'Pindari'. Micrometeorological measurements, profiling, and modelling techniques will be applied to study the radiation and energy budget of the given glacier near the line of equilibrium (ELA) in relation to vegetation controls. This study will help in understanding the dynamics of diurnal to inter-annual energy exchange processes. The uniqueness will be the quantification the energy partitioning and energy closure behavior by utilizing two different micrometeorological techniques namely: Bowen Ratio Energy Balance system (BREB) and Aerodynamic Flux Profile method (ADFP) at the same time and site. The point measurements on energy balance and partitioning would help in computing snow-melt and melt-driven stream. These will be upscaled with high-resolution L-band and S-band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data from NISAR to map these rate variables over the entire glacier.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐23
In summary, it may be stated that real-time continuous wireless monitoring of glacier environment and energy-exchange processes may help in water resource management and avoiding hydrological disasters.
46. Snow Parameters Estimation from backscattering measurements in the Central Himalayan region - Asha Thapliyal, Uttarakhand Space Application Centre, Dehradun Various approaches are used worldwide toquantify the interactions between the major components of the Earth system, namely the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surfaces and the biosphere, and for assessing anthropogenic impacts on climate and ecosystems. These approaches/models are also essential for assessing the present availability and expected climate induced changes of vital resources such as fresh water. The understanding of climatic and environmental processes has tremendous advancementin the last few years but still significant necessity for more dominant processes in the context of glacial areas. Scientific and technical feasible studyis proposedto investigate the retrieval of snow physical properties from SAR data. In microwave, Ku-band is more sensitive to shallow snow, whereas X-band provides greater penetration for sensing deeper snow. Aim of this study is to investigate the impact of vegetation in the retrieval of snow parameters from backscattering measurements. The sensitivity analysis to vegetation parameters is emphasized and scattering may be computed as a function of shape and size using different approaches. The identification of the key vegetation types in snow covered region will be carried out on the basis of available database/ground truth.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐24
ATMOSPHERE, OCEAN & COASTS:
47. Ocean response of air bone L band SAR - Sasamal SK and Bhuban Chandra, NRSC, Hydeabad
L band SAR data collected by air borne DLR flight off Diu, Gujarat was studied. Two oil spills and four fishing trawlers deployed to test the SAR multi-polarisation and mult-view modes. C band data collected in dual polarization modes were also compared. The ocean features were stranger in L band than C. The ocean response was linear in like polarization modes. The VV polarization modes of L band was found to be a choice for oil spread area assessment, the HH polrisation found suitable to identify the boat location. The combination of like polarized modes and cross polarization helped to distinguish the structure of the boat. The cross polarization of C band carried the least contrast between oil and sea surface response. However the cross polarized contrast in L remained significant to discriminate objects at the sea.
48. Monitoring of Marine Oil spill from SAR images: Automatic detection and classification of oil spills - Ratheesh Ramakrishnan, Ritesh Agrawal, A.S Rajawat and T.J Majumdar, SAC (ISRO), Ahmedabad
Large spills of oil and related petroleum products in the marine environment can have serious biological and economic impacts. In monitoring oil spills, space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is found to be more efficient than the other techniques used in remote sensing. Oil slick dampens the short gravity-capillary waves reducing the dynamic roughness of the ocean which results in dark appearance of the slick region in comparison with the surroundings. The gravity-capillary waves are also dampened under the presence of natural biogenic surfactants or natural films; reducing the backscatter and giving an impression as oil spill in the radar images. Classifying oil spill from look-alike in SAR image still faces challenges owing to the discrepancy of a proper guideline to extract different feature from the suspected oil spill. In the present work new features are extracted for classifications, which could possibly increase the performance of the classification models. Threshold defined for detection of dark spot is obtained from bimodal histogram analysis and from empirical formula developed from the scene statistics and wind data. In feature extraction a centerline concept is introduced which bisects the slick along the major axis. This is further used to determine the width, shape and orientation, abrupt turn, and curving of the suspected slick. According to the characteristic of each feature, separate membership functions were assigned to obtain its fuzzy set. Few features were identified to have high discriminatory power, whose values were having marked contrast for oil spill and look alike.
49. Oceanic Internal Waves from SAR Imageries in Bay of Bengal – KVSR Prasad, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam
Internal wave signatures in SAR imagery are affected by many factors, such as radar parameters, internal parameters, dynamic characteristics of the interior ocean, wind conditions, surface film etc. Internal wave signatures can be characterized by three different types. Clear understanding the types and correctly interpreting internal wave signatures is very important, especially in the areas where in- situ measurements are not available. Numerous internal waves imaged SAR profiles were collected from 1995 to 2012, which provided enough data to do statistics on internal wave signatures in the Bay of Bengal. The first scientific reports of synthetic aperture radar imaged internal waves in Bay of Bengal appear to have come from Prasad and Rajasekhar (2006, 2011). We reported, Internal wave activity along the continental shelf areas along the adjacent landmasses over North West Bay of Bengal based on ERS/ENVISAT SAR images. The observed internal waves appeared to be typical fine scale continental shelf waves, propagating shoreward from the shelf break. Since the Bay of Bengal is located in the tropics they reported that internal waves are observed all year round as they do in the adjacent Andaman Sea. From the available information/literature, if we are to focus the region of
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐25 dominance of internal waves in the Bay of Bengal and the adjoining seas, we find that the Northern Bay and the western side of the Andaman Sea are potential sources of internal waves. Surface signatures of internal waves in the shallow continental shelf waters as well as in deep waters are observed in North Bay of Bengal imaged by SAR profiles. Short period, long groups of internal wave packets are revealed at shelf break on Envisat ASAR images having with large crest lengths. Initially single wave of depressions (Nascent Solitons) propagate toward the coast, and those evaluated as rank ordered internal wave packets by interaction with the shelf edge slope exhibit the non-linear dispersive wave nature. The observed substantial signatures on the SAR profiles are the modulation by IW-induced surface currents to surface capillary waves, which are major backscattered energy of the transmitted pulse of the SAR antenna. The stronger modulation current is the greater gray level contrast or backscattering coefficient in the imagery. On the other hand, the modulation current depends on the amplitude of the internal wave.
50. NISAR Coastal Watch Applications and Demonstration - OPN Calla, Shruti Singhal, Shubhra Mathur, ICRS, Jodhpur ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected])
The growing pressure on natural resources, infrastructure and land in the coastal areas of developing countries as a result of increasing population and growing commercial, industrial, and other development has emphasized the urgent need to manage these coastal areas in an optimal and considerate manner. These zones are important because a majority of the population inhabit in such zones. Accurate and comprehensive information acquired frequently, is obviously an essential pre- requisite for all efforts aimed at optimizing and managing such coastal area. The synoptic, repetitive and multi-spectral data available from different Remote Sensing Satellites can provide meaningful information on both natural and man-made processes in the coastal areas. India is unique among the coastal countries. It is bound by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east and contains within its coastal boundary a great diversity of marine and freshwater areas. Although man has conquered the outer space, he has not yet fully understood the oceans land interface. There are still many gaps in our understanding and several mysteries yet to be revealed. The research and development on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications to oceanography and land sea interface have matured to a certain level in past few years. SAR illuminates the earth independently of the availability of sunlight, penetrate clouds, and with the help of special reception and processing methods, produce high resolution images of the rough surface of the ocean. Backscattering from Sea Surface is predominantly surface scattering, and depends on surface roughness and dielectric constant of the water. With high-resolution SAR images of the ocean surface can be recorded also under storm clouds or at night, and from their intensity and structure, wind fields and wave heights can be derived. This information can then be used to improve sea weather forecasts and thereby reduce the number of shipping accidents. The resolution of SAR images of ocean waves is so superior that even individual wave crests can be detected and measured. The lower the frequency higher the penetration increases. Smooth surfaces such as freshly-frozen ocean ice or oil pollution appear dark on SAR images, helpful in before time detection of surface oil spill. SAR data are also used to provide guidance about shipping passages on icy routes. Because of the high reflectivity of metal and the high resolution of SAR, they are also used to detect ships. The largest single error source, roughness effects due to wind and waves during radiometric measurement is also resolved using L-band (1.26 GHz) radar scatterometer that can measure simultaneous oceanic backscatter in the footprint. The significance of the proposed project is to utilize the microwave sensor onboard NISAR operating at L band and S band for Direct Benefit to society. As microwave radars can work round the clock in all weather conditions, they facilitate continuous monitoring of winter storm and hurricane studies. They can aid in early detection of disasters, ultimately help in protection of coastal area and monitor the health of the ocean. The data obtained from NISAR can be fused with either optical or radiometric to refine the estimation of coastal parameters. ICRS is already having skill for radiometric data
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐26 analysis for ocean salinity estimation as well as monitoring and tracking cyclones and Oil Spill. Thus, ICRS would now like to use its experience and knowledge using NISAR mission. Coastal ice analysis, Vessel position detection, fishery surveillance can also be made with help of SAR operating at lower frequencies. Development Identification of natural and man-made oil slicks, Internal wave measurements, mapping of algal blooms, Iceberg detection/tracking, Potential Wave measurements for maritime safety, river ice jams and associated flooding, Monitoring of glacier- dammed lakes and lastly Geographic Detection and potential Mapping of coastline changes are major areas of research using NASA-ISRO NISAR. It opens new doors of challenges to understand increased sea level, rapid change in processes as ocean temperature and salinity, tropical storm intensity and precipitation/runoff patterns. This advancement will moreover significantly contribute to our understanding of economic development and social impact of the coastal environment.
51. Mud flat/mud bank monitoring using advanced Radar imaging – R.K. Sarangi, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, 380015
During the monsoon and inter monsoon phases the Kerala and Goa coast experiences mud flat or the mud bank formation and it is very easy and interesting to locate visually from the ground truth. Even the Optical and infra-red sensor datasets have been used to locate and observe the mudflat area around Kerala and Goa coasts, which is the habitat for many marine invertebrates, fishes, many organisms and faunal diversity and their grooming habitats. The mechanism of mud bank formation is very interesting and is linked to the tidal forces and winds during monsoon and the deposition from the terrestrial fluxes too. The coastal muddy shore-substrates get pushed towards shore land and are formed, covering several kilometers with a height of about 2-3 meters from water level. The accurate size and area of the mud bank can be monitored in different time scales. So, The advanced SAR technology with the S and L band datasets would be useful to observe and monitor the sequences of the formation and degradation processes during inter and intra annual scale morphology of the mud banks and their migrations. This can be linked to wind speed information as a causative reason for mud bank formation. The wave based erosion causing to the mud banks can be studied. This concept can be applied to study the other prominent river mouths, even deltas and associated mud banks along coastal zones of India. Even the mud flat DEM can be generated with respect to its undulation and height and studied using interferometry techniques. Even different polarizations might be useful in differentiating surface conditions.
52. Applications of SAR in Ocean Observations: National Data Buoy Program – Jay S. Upadhyay, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai The buoy program maintained by NIOT plays a major role in closely monitoring the meteorological and oceanographic parameters in the northern Indian Ocean which are useful in various applications including prediction of cyclones and other oceanogenic hazards, monitoring of surface wave dynamics etc. These datasets are periodically validated by NIOT with various other types of observational platform like ship borne CTD, RAMA buoy, Argo and Drifters and are certified to have good correlation. New collaborative initiative with SAC for the validation of ocean colour sensor and geophysical products have been operational at Kavaratti under the CALVAL program. The long time series data from the optical buoy is the potential source for vicarious calibration of ocean color sensors1. Validation of significant wave height (SWH) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) was done by comparing the data from AltiKa, Jason-2 and EnviSAT with NDBC buoy observations and NIOT BPR. The results show that SARAL/Altika is providing data of excellent quality and performs much better in calm sea state and over sea ice region2. But for the sub-surface data we cannot rely on satellite for that we do in situ CTD measurements in close proximity to the buoy location. They both data correlate well which ensures the good quality of the subsurface CT sensor data collected from the OMNI buoys. Validation of satellite data with in situ buoy measurement is very much important since they are the only source of long time series data from a particular location especially in the open ocean. The abstract describes the possibility of datasets available from buoy (the only ground truth and point of source measurement available at sea) can be correlated/ validated with SAR data. These validation exercises will yield high quality data products usable for practical applications.
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | ABSTRACTS B‐27
Appendix - C
Total list of Registered Participants of NISAR Science Workshop
Sl. Name Designation Oraganization email 1 A.M. Jha Deputy Director, MESA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 2 A.S. Kirankumar Director Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Head, Geo-Sciences Division, 3 A.S. Rajawat Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Sci./Engr. G
4 Abdul Qadir Scientist 'SC' NESAC, DOS-ISRO, Shillong [email protected]
5 Abha Chhabra Scienist-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
6 Abhijit Sarkar SCIENTIST - H Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
7 Abhilash Yellala Student University of Madras, Chennai [email protected] Abhinav Mahendra BCRLI Project, Gir Sanctuary and National
8 GIS Specialist [email protected] Mehta Park, Sasan Gir, Junagarh 9 Abhinav Srivastava Assistant Manager ADCC Info Cad Ltd., Nagpur [email protected] 10 Abhineet Shyam Scientist/Engineer-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
11 Abhisek Chakraborty Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 12 Aditi BipinValgotar Asst. Professor Neotech Technical Campus, Vadodara [email protected]
13 Aditya Chaudhary Scientist 'SC' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
14 Aditya Kumar Dagar Scientist 'SC' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 15 Aditya Kumar Sharma Sci/Engr SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 16 Aditya Mohanty Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 17 Aditya Shastri Consultant Ericsson India Global Services Pvt. Ltd, Noida [email protected]
18 Ajay Kumar Singh Sci/Engr- SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Ambah Autonomous College, Jiwaji University, 19 Ajay Tiwari Ph.D. Student [email protected] Gwalior, MP
20 Ajish P. Saji Research Scholar Indian institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai [email protected] 21 Akansha Patel Trainee Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 22 Akarsh A Senior Research Fellow IIT Gandhinagar [email protected] 23 Alok Chatterjee Mission Interface Manager Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA alok.k.chatterjee@jpl.nasa.gov 24 Aloke K Mathur Scientist-SG Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Associate Professor & Head of Botany
25 Alpana Shukla M. G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad [email protected] Dept. NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐1
26 Alpana V. Revdandekar Research Fellow The M.S. University of Baroda [email protected]
27 Ami J. Desai Post Doctoral Fellow PRL, Ahmedabad [email protected]
28 Amit Kumar Dubey Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
29 Amit Shukla Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 30 Amita A.Shah Scientist / Engineer "SE" Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
31 Aniket Arvind Umale PhD Scholar Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected] CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute (Earlier CSIR 32 Anil Earnest Scientist [email protected] C-MMACS), Bangalore Remote Sensing Applications centre, MPCST,
33 Anil Khare Principal Scientist & Head [email protected] Bhopal (M.P.)
34 Anil Sood Head, ACM Division Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana [email protected]
35 Anitha Gera Scientist 'SD' NCMRWF, MoES, GOI [email protected] [email protected]/anjanavyas@y 36 Anjana Vyas Professor & Acting Dean CEPT University, Ahmedabad
ahoo.com 37 Ankur Pandit Research Scholar IIT Bombay [email protected]
38 Anuja Sharma Sci/Engr-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
39 Anup Kumar Das Scientist-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
40 Anurag Kandya Assistant Professor Indus University, Ahmedabad [email protected] 41 Aparna Dwivedi Remote Sensing Analyst Madhya Pradesh Forest Department [email protected] 42 Apurva Tiwari Student Institute of Technology, Nirma University [email protected]
43 Arun Kumar Sharma Scientist 'SC' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 44 Arundhati Misra Sci/Engr -SG Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] [email protected] , 45 Arunima Dasgupta Research Associate 1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
46 Arvind Kumar Singh Scientist-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
47 Arvind Sahay Sci/Engr-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Uttarakhand Space Application Centre,
48 Asha Thapliyal Scientist [email protected] Dehradun
49 Ashutosh Saidawat Research Scholar CSIR-NISCAIR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi [email protected] Aurobindo Kumar
50 Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Basantaray 51 B S Raman Head, MSCED/MSDG/MRSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
52 B. Asha Rani Scientist 'SE' ADRIN, DOS, Hyderabad [email protected] 53 B. Gopalkrishna Group Director, SPDCG/SIPA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐2
54 B. K. Rastogi Director General ISR, Gandhinagar [email protected]
55 B. Kartikeyan Scientist-G Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
56 B. S. Raman Head, MSCED/MSDG/MRSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 57 B.S. Gohil Group Director, ADVG/EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 58 Benjamin M. Holt Research Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA [email protected] 59 Bhanu Prakash Rathore SC/ENGR "SE" Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Bhuriya Deepakbhai 60 Student Gujarat Technological University, Mehsana [email protected] Ramanbhai Bimal Kumar
61 Scientist-SG Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Bhattacharya 62 Bindi Satyam Dave PhD Scholar CEPT University, Ahmedabad [email protected]
63 Biswajit Manna Senior Research Fellow IIT, Kharagpur [email protected] 64 Bradford H. Hager Professor of Geophysics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA [email protected]
65 Brijendra Pateriya Director Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana [email protected] 66 Buddhi Prakash Jangid Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 67 Bushair MT Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 68 C H V N Rao Group Head, MSTG/MRSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 69 C M Kishtawal Scientist - G Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
70 C. K. Unnikrishnan Project Scientist NCMRWF, NOIDA, UP [email protected]
71 C. Patnaik Scientist-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 72 C.S. Jha Scientist - G NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected]
73 C. Suresh Raju Scientist-SF SPL, VSSC, Trivandrum [email protected] 74 Chaitali Abhijit Laulkar Associate Professor Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune [email protected]
75 Chandra Mohan Bhatt Scientist-SE NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected] 76 Chandra Prakash Singh Scientist/Engineer-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
77 Chejarla Raghunathababu Junior Research Fellow Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP [email protected] 78 D. Kiran Research Scholar National Institute of Technology, Warangal [email protected]
79 D. B. Dave Scientist/Engineer-G Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 80 D.K. Das Deputy Director, SNPA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
81 Danish Hussain Scientist-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 82 Debajyoti Dhar Head, MSDPD/DPSG/SIPA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
83 Debashish Chakraborty Associate Professor IIT, Kharagpur [email protected]
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐3
84 Debojyoti Ganguly Scientist-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 85 Deepak Kumar Senior Research Fellow[DST-INSPIRE] Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga [email protected]
86 Deepak Patil Senior Research Fellow Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected]
87 Deepak Putrevu Head-MSSD/MSIG/MRSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 88 Devesh Kumar Maurya Sci/Engr. SC NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected] Dharmendra Kumar
89 Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Pandey 90 Dharmendra Mathikar PRO Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
91 Dhaval Avinash Vartak Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
92 Dhyey Bhatpuria Senior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 93 Dinesh Kumar Agrawal Head, EFPD/ESSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 94 Dipanwita Haldar Scientist-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 95 DNVSSN Murty Sci/Engr.SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 96 Dr. Ajai Professor Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
97 G. Greeshma Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
98 G. Rajasekhar Scientist-SF NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected] 99 G. Sandhya Kiran Head And Professor The M.S. University of Baroda [email protected]
100 G. Sreenivasan Head & Scientist-SF RRSC-Central, NRSC-ISRO, Nagpur [email protected] 101 Gajendra N. Patel Senior Scientific Assistant-B Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 102 Gargi Dadhich Trainee Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 103 Gaurav Jain Sci./Engr.-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
104 Gaurav Jain Scientist 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
105 Gaurav Uttamrao Karad PhD Scholar Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected] 106 GauravShukla Research Scholar Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee [email protected]
107 Geetika Tyagi Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 108 Gerald W. Bawden Senior Research Scientist USGS, USA [email protected] Remote Sensing Applications centre, MPCST,
109 Govind Das Bairagi Principal Scientist & Head [email protected] Bhopal (M.P.)
110 Gugloth Ramesh Student JNTU, Hyderabad [email protected]
111 Gunjan Motwani Research Associate-I Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
112 Gunjan Rastogi Scientist-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Scientist/Engineer - SG, MESA- 113 H S Bhalodi Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] MCMG-MPMD NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐4
114 H. C. Lekhadarshini Range Forest Officer Karnataka Forest Department, Bangalore [email protected] H. S. V. Usha Sundari
115 Scientist-SF NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected] Ryali 116 Hari Sankar Mishra S&P Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-
117 Harsh Oza Student [email protected] Gujarat
118 HarshitaTolani Scientist - SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 119 Himanshu Maurya Research Scholar IIT Roorkee [email protected] 120 Himanshu N. Patel Scientist/Engineer-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 121 Hiren M. Bhatti Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 122 Hitendra Padalia Scientist/Engineer SE Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun [email protected]
123 Hrishikesh Kumar Scientist-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 124 Ian R. Joughin Senior Research Scientist University of Washington, USA [email protected]
125 Indrani Chaudhary Research Scientist DAIICT, Gandhinagar [email protected] 126 Internal Finance Advisor Internal Finance Advisor, SAC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
127 Ishani Shah Student SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat [email protected] 128 J. G. Patel Scientist-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
129 Jagdish Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Scientist/Engineer - SG, SRA-QAEG- 130 Jagdish Bhatt Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] QACD 131 Jaimin h. Tanna Sci/Eng-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 132 Jakesh Mohapatra Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
133 Jay Shankar Upadhyay Project Scientist-I ESSO, NIOT, Chennai [email protected]
134 Jayaprakash V. Thomas Program Manager(DMS) ISRO HQ, Bangalore [email protected] 135 Jayesh H. Patel Scientist/Engineer - SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 136 Jayrajsinh Jadeja Research Fellow The M.S. University of Baroda [email protected]
137 Jinya John Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
138 Jitendra Kumar Engineer Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
139 John Mathew Scientist-SF NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected]
140 John P. George Scientist-SF NCMRWF, MoES, GOI, Noida (UP) [email protected]
141 Jolly Dhar Head, MSTD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Woods Hole Research Center, Massachusetts, 142 Josef M. Kelindorfer Senior Research Scientist [email protected] USA NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐5
[email protected]/ 143 Jyotirmayee Satapathy Research Associate Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad
144 K V S RPrasad Professor Andhra University, Visakhapatnam [email protected]
145 K. N. Babu Sci./Eng. - SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
146 K. Nanthini Devi Research Associate -1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
147 K. V. Ramana Scientist-SG NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected]
148 K.M. Sreejith Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 149 K.N. Saraswathi Sr. Head, P&S Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 150 K.R. Manjunath Head, CAD/BPSG/EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 151 K.S. Parikh Deputy Director, SNAA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] [email protected]/drkamleshpatha 152 Kamlesh N.Pathak Associate Professor SVNIT, Surat-Gujarat
153 Kandarp Shivpuri Assistant Professor Nirma University, Ahmedabad [email protected] Kashyap Deviprasad
154 Student [email protected] Pandya 155 Kaushik Gopalan Sci/Eng-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 156 Kirti Padia Head, AIPD/DPSG/SIPA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
157 Kishan lal Gadri Scientist ICRS, Jodhpur [email protected]
158 Koyel Sur Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
159 Krishna Murari Agrawal Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
160 Kruali Soni Student [email protected]
161 Krunal Jayeshbhai Joshi Sci/Engr-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
162 Krunal Prajapati GIS Analyst Nascent info Technologies, Ahmedabad [email protected] Kuldip Kumar Jayatilal
163 Student L. D. Engineering College, Ahmedabad [email protected] Bumtariya
164 Kumari Rina Assistant Professor Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar [email protected] 165 M. K. Kripa Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] M. Sithartha Muthu CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Pusa Campus, 166 Sr. Scientist [email protected] Vijayan New Delhi 167 M.M. Joseph Head, P&GA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad
168 M.V.S.S. Giridhar Assistant Professor JNTU, Hyderabad [email protected]
169 Mahadevaswamy B. Range Forest Officer Karnataka Forest Department, Bangalore [email protected] 170 Mahesh C. Sci/Eng-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐6
171 Mallika Mahajan Controller, SAC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 172 Mamta Chauhan Research Associate Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
173 Manab Chakraborty Group Director Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 174 Maneesha Gupta Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 175 Mangala Narendrashah Associate Professor The M.S. University of Baroda [email protected] [email protected], 176 Mani Murali R. Senior Scientist National Institute of Oceanography, Goa [email protected] 177 Manish Kumar Sci/Engr-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
178 Manoj Joseph Scientist 'SD' RRSC-West, NRSC-ISRO, Jodhpur, Rajasthan [email protected]
179 Manoj Vijay Kulkarni PhD Scholar Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected] 180 Mayank Mishra Project Scientist Nirma University, Ahmedabad [email protected]
181 Mayur PratapPatil Student [email protected]
182 Meghal Shah Research Associate Gujarat University, Ahmedabad [email protected]
183 Mini Maurya Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 184 Mitali D. Gautam Junior Research Fellow M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad [email protected] Mogaraju Jagadish National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use
185 Senior Research Fellow [email protected] Kumar Planning, Nagpur 186 Mohammad Suhaill Ph. D. Student Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh [email protected]
187 Mohd. YousufRather Research Scholar Pondicherry University [email protected] 188 Mohit Arora Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
189 Mohit Kumar Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 190 Ms. Neetu Scientist-SD MNCFC, New Delhi [email protected] 191 Mudaliar Ashwini N Research Associate-1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
192 Mukesh Patel Scientist 'SG' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Muthukumarasamy
193 Research Scholar Anna University, Chennai [email protected] Iyyappan
194 Muzafar Ahmad Sheikh Research Scholar Central University of Gujarat, Ahmedabad [email protected] 195 N M Suthar Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 196 N. C. Prajapati JUNIOR ENGINEER Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
197 Nandini Harinath Sci/Engr "SF" ISAC, Bangalore [email protected]
198 Naren Naik Assistant Professor IIT Kanpur [email protected] Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur
199 Narvikram SinghTomar Research Scholar [email protected] (Rajasthan)
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐7
200 Neeraj Parihar Ph. D. Student Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi [email protected] Vikram Sarabhai Community Science Centre,
201 Neha Nandkeolyar Scientist [email protected] Ahmedabad
202 Nidhi Chaubey Scientist 'SD' ADRIN, DOS, Hyderabad [email protected]
203 Nikhil Lele Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
204 Nikunj Jatinkumar Modi Student Gujarat Technological University, Mehsana [email protected]
205 Nilanjan Dasgupta Associate Professor Presidency University, Kolkata [email protected] Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 206 Nilendu Singh Technical Officer (Jr.) [email protected] Dehradun 207 Nilesh Desai Group Director, MSDG/MRSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
208 Nilima Rani Chaube Scientist 'SF' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
209 Nirmala Jain Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
210 Nishi Gandha Patil Research Scholar IIT Kanpur [email protected] 211 Nitin B. Bhatt Junior Engineer Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
212 OPN Kalla Director & Professor ICRS, Jodhpur [email protected] 213 P. Gopi PG - Student Anna University-Chennai [email protected] 214 P. Jayaprasad Scientist SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 215 P. K. Garg Professor Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee [email protected]
216 P. Manjusree Scientist - SF NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected]
217 P. Srinivasulu General Manager NRSC, Hyderabad [email protected] 218 P.B. Shah Head, DWD/ADVG/EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 219 P.K. Champati Ray Scientist- SG IIRS (ISRO), Dehradun [email protected] 220 P.K. Pal Deputy Director, EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
221 Pabitra Mitra Associate Professor IIT, Kharagpur [email protected]
222 PalanisamyThanabalan Research Scholar Anna University-Chennai [email protected]
223 PallabeeChoudhury Scientist-SC ISR, Gandhinagar [email protected]
224 Pankaj Kanti Nath Sci./Eng. - SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
225 Pankaj Khodifad Engineer e-Info Chip Pvt. Limited, Ahmedabad [email protected] [email protected] / 226 Parag Sanjay Khopkar Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
227 Parul Patel Scientist 'SG' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 228 Paul A. Rosen Project Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA [email protected]
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐8
229 Paulami Sahu Assistant Professor Central University of Gujarat [email protected]
230 Pooja Rana Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
231 Pooja Shah Assistant Professor Nirma University, Ahmedabad [email protected]
232 Prabakaran C. Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
233 Prabhakar Nilkanth Kore PHD SCHOLAR Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected]
234 Pradeep Kumar Geologist Geological Survey of India, Lucknow [email protected]
235 Pradeep Mukunda Sangle PhD Scholar Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected] 236 Prakash Chauhan Group Head, BPSG/EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] CSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative 237 Pranay Kumar Singh Doctoral Research Fellow [email protected] Research, New Delhi 238 Prasanta Das Sci./Eng. - SF, MESA-STG-TED Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Prashant Govind 239 Senior Technical Assistant-'A' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Bhaihedau
240 PratikMevada Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
241 Praveen Gupta Scientist-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 242 Praveen K. Thakur Scientist/Engineer 'SE' IIRS (ISRO), Dehradun [email protected]
243 Pravinsinh KParmar PhD Scholar Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected] 244 Preeti Rajput Sci./Eng.-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Pritam Omprakash 245 Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Bhutada
246 Priya R. Senior Scientific Assistant Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
247 Priya Sharma Trainee Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 248 Priyanka Mehrotra Sci/Engr - SD, MRSA-MSIG-MSICD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 249 Puja Srivastava Sci/Engr-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 250 Punam P Tyagi Head, MSRD/MSTG/EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 251 R. Arya Research Associate 1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 252 R. J. Bhanderi Scientist-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
253 R. K. Sarangi Scientist-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 254 R. M. Gairola Scientist-G Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
255 R. P. Prajapati Scientist 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 256 R. Phani Rajasekhar Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 257 R. Ramakrishnan Group Director, DPSG/SIPA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐9
[email protected], 258 R. Ramchandran Associate Director ADRIN, DOS, Hyderabad [email protected] 259 R. S. Chatterjee Sci/Engr 'SF' IIRS (ISRO) Dehradun [email protected]
260 R. Senthil Kumar Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 261 R.K. Arora Deputy Director, ESSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 262 R.L. Mehta Scientist 'SG' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 263 R.M. Parmar Deputy Director, SRA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 264 R.P. Singh Head, EHD/BPSG/EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 265 R.S. Acharya Public Relation Officer, SAC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New 266 Rabi Narayan Sahoo Senior Scientist [email protected] Delhi Head, Library & Documentation 267 Rachna Patnaik Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Division 268 Raghav Mehra Sci/Engr - SD, SIPA-DPSG-AIPD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Raghubir Singh 269 Research Scholar National Law University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) [email protected] Chauhan 270 Rahman Alam Student SVNIT, Surat-Gujarat [email protected] 271 Rahul Nigam Scientist-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 272 Raj Kumar Group Director Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 273 Rajasekhar Meka Scientist SDSC, SHAR ISRO, Sriharikota (AP) [email protected]
274 Rajeev Jyoti Scientist-H Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 275 Rajendra N Gaikwad SCIENTIST Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 276 Rajesh Ranjan Group Head, CMG Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 277 Rajesh Sikhakolli Scientist/Engineer - 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 278 Rajib Kumar Panigrahi Assistant Professor IIT Roorkee [email protected]
279 Rajsi Udayan Kot RESEARCH SCHOLAR M. G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad [email protected] 280 Rajtantra Lilhare Senior Research Fellow IIT Gandhinagar [email protected]
281 Rakesh Dumka Scientist 'SB' ISR, Gandhinagar [email protected]
282 Rakesh Kumar Bhan Sci/Engr-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Ramandeep Kaur M. 283 Research Fellow The M.S. University of Baroda [email protected] Malhi
284 Ranjan Jana Assistant Professor SVNIT, Surat-Gujarat [email protected]
285 Rashmi Sharma Sci-SG & Head OSD/AOSG/EPSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
286 Ratheesh Ramakrishnan Sci/Eng SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐10
287 Ravi Meena Student SVNIT, Surat-Gujarat [email protected] 288 Ravinder Dhiman Senior Project Fellow National Institute of Oceanography, Goa [email protected]
289 Reshma K. N. Project Assistant-II CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa [email protected] 290 Revati S More Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
291 Rimjhim Bhatnagar Singh Scientist-SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] [email protected]; 292 Rinki Deo PhD STUDENT IIT, Bombay [email protected] 293 Rinku Agrawal Sci/Engr 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 294 Rishi Kumar Gangwar Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 295 Ritesh Agrawal Sci/Engr 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 296 Ritesh Kumar Sharma Sci./Engr. 'SF' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
297 Riyas M. J. Project Fellow (PA-III) CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Goa [email protected]
Department of Climate change studies, Gujarat
298 Rohan Thakker Junior Research Fellow [email protected] University 299 Rucha Dave Assistant Professor Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected] M.G. Science Institute, Gujarat University 300 Rupal Brahmbhatt Research Associate [email protected] Ahmedabad 301 S. K. Patra Scientist-G ADRIN, DOS, Hyderabad [email protected] 302 S. L . Dhaker Sci/Engr "SF" Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
303 S. Mahalingam Scientist 'SE' ADRIN, DOS, Hyderabad [email protected]
304 S. Mohamed Musthafa Junior Research Fellow IIRS (ISRO), Dehradun [email protected] 305 S. N.Bhatt Scientist/Engineer `SF` Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] S. Nagakishore
306 Assistant Professor Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur [email protected] Bhavanam
307 S. P. Aggarwal Head (Water Resources) & Scientist-SF IIRS (ISRO), Dehradun [email protected] Divecha Center for Climate Change, Center for 308 S. P. Satyabala Visiting Scientist Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian [email protected] Institute of Science-Bangalore 309 S. P. Vyas Scientist SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 310 S. S. Ray Director MNCFC, New Delhi [email protected] 311 S.V.S. Murty Senior Professor Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad [email protected] 312 Sahil Sahni Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐11
313 Saji A. Kuriakose Deputy Director, SEDA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
314 Saleem Ahmad Yatoo Research Scholar Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar [email protected] 315 Samidha Jain Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
316 Samriti Kumar Garg Scientist 'SF' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
317 Sanchayita Kundu Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
318 Sandep Oza Scientist-SG Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 319 Sandhya Rani Pattanaik SRF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
320 Sangeeta Rout Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 321 Sanghamitra Dutta Program Executive NASA Headquarters, USA [email protected] Rajasthan Institute of Engineering and
322 Sanjay Lakshminarayana Student [email protected] Technology
323 Sanjay Trivedi Scientist 'SF' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
324 Sanjeev Kimothi Assistant Professor Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun [email protected]
325 Sanjeev Kulshrestha Scientist 'SG' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 326 Sanjeev Kumar Scientist C Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment [email protected]
327 Santanu Basu Senior Manager IORA Ecological Solutions, New Delhi [email protected] 328 Santanu Chowdhury Deputy Director, SIPA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
329 Santasheel Chakraborty JUNIOR RESEARCH FELLOW M. D. S. University, Ajmer [email protected] 330 Santosh Choudhary Project Associate PRL, Ahmedabad [email protected] 331 Saroj Maity Scientist-Engineer "SF" Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
332 Sarvesh Palria Professor M. D. S. University, Ajmer [email protected] 333 Sasmita Chauasia Scientist/Engineer-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
334 Saswati Mishra Conservator of Forest (ICT) (IFoS) Karnataka Forest Department [email protected]
335 Satadru Bhattacharya Scientist 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 336 Satya Prakash Shukla Superintending Geologist Geological Survey of India, Faridabad [email protected] 337 Scott Hensley Radar Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA [email protected]
338 Shahsikant Patel Research Associate -1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 339 Shalini Gangele SCI/ENGR - SE Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), 340 Shashi Kumar Scientist/Engineer 'SD' [email protected] ISRO, Dehradun 341 Shashikant A Sharma Scientist-SG Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
342 Shaunak De Research Scholar IIT Bombay [email protected]
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐12
Department of horticulture, RCA, Maharana
343 Sheetal Tak Research Scholar Pratap University of Agriculture and [email protected] Technology, Udaipur Scientist-Engineer - SD, SIPA-DPSG- 344 Shikha Sharma Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] AIPD Electronics And Telecommunication 345 Shiv Kumar Student [email protected] Engineer 346 Shiv Mohan Visiting Scientist Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad [email protected]
347 Shradha Mohanty Trainee Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
348 Shridhar D. Jawak Senior Research Fellow NCAOR, Goa [email protected]
349 Shruti Desai SRF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
350 Shruti Sinha Scientist 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 351 Shrutika Parihar Research Associate Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad [email protected]
352 Shubhra Mathur Scientist ICRS, Jodhpur [email protected]
353 Shweta Mishra Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
354 Shweta Sharma Scientist 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 355 Sneha M Chopda Project Assistant II National Institute of Oceanography, Goa [email protected]
356 Sneha Thakur Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Snow & Avalanche Study Estt. (SASE), [email protected], 357 Snehmani Scientist - F, Joint Director Dehradun [email protected] 358 Sofi Zubair Ahmad Research Scholar IHCAP (2nd Indo-Swiss Glacier workshop) [email protected] Soumyabrata
359 Head (MSAD/ASG) Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Chakraborty
360 Sridevi Thirunagari Research Associate -1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 361 Sriram Saran Research Associate -1 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
362 Subham Mishra Student SVNIT, Surat-Gujarat [email protected] 363 Sujata Dash Scientist - E DTRL, DRDO, New Delhi [email protected]
364 Sujay Dutta Scientist-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
365 Suman Aich Scientist 'SD' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
366 Suman Deb Assistant Professor NIT, Agartala [email protected] 367 Sumit Pathak JUNIOR RESEARCH FELLOW Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 368 Sunita Singh RESEARCH SCHOLAR NIT Raipur [email protected] Surisetty. V. V. Arun 369 Sci./Eng.-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] Kumar
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐13
370 Sushil Kumar Singh Scientist 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 371 Swati Priya Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
372 SWATI Rawat Research Associate Punjab Remote Sensing Centre [email protected]
373 Swinky Dhingra Research Scholar IIT, Bombay [email protected]
374 Syed Moosa Ali Sci./Eng.-SC Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
375 T. J. Majumdar CSIR Emeritus Scientist Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 376 T.P. Srinivasan Head, HRDPD/ SPDCG/SIPA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
377 Tapan Misra Outstanding Scientist & DD, MRSA Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
378 Tapas Kumar Dey Senior Research Fellow IIT, Kharagpur [email protected] Institute of Technical, Education and Research, 379 Tarun Sahoo Student [email protected] SOA University, Odisha
380 TJVD Suneela Scientist-SD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 381 Trishit Ruj Junior Research Fellow Presidency University, Kolkata [email protected]
382 V. Pompapathi Junior Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
383 V. Ramanujam Scientist-SF Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
384 V. S. Rathore Assistant Professor BIT, Mesra [email protected]
385 Vabya Kumar Pandit Project Research Assistant IIT, Bombay [email protected] 386 Vaibhav Upadhyay Sci./Eng.- SE, MESA-MCMG-MPMD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 387 Varunika Jain Research Fellow Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
388 VershaTurkar Associate Professor Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai [email protected]
389 Vijayan S. Post Doctoral Fellow PRL, Ahmedabad [email protected] 390 Vikas Patel Group Head, PPG Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 391 Vikram N. Desai Director DECU, ISRO, Ahmedabad [email protected]
392 Vinit Kumar Scientist 'SE' Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 393 Vinit Kumar Sci./Eng.-SE, MRSA-MSTG-MSRD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
394 Viral A. Dave Junior Research Fellow Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat [email protected]
395 Y. S. Rao Professor Indian Institute of Technology Bombay [email protected]
396 Y. Shiva Kumar Trainee Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected] 397 Yashashree Garge Research Fellow The M.S. University of Baroda [email protected] 398 Yogesh Tyagi Sci./Eng.- SC, ASG-MSAD Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad [email protected]
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Participants C‐14
Appendix - D
List of Institutions Participated in the Workshop:
Sl. Institutions / Entity Sl. Institutions / Entity 1 Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP 45 JNTU, Hyderabad 2 ADCC Infocad Ltd., Nagpur 46 Karnataka Forest Department, Bangalore 3 ADRIN, DOS, Hyderabad 47 L. D. Engineering College, Ahmedabad 4 Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (UP) 48 M. D. S. University, Ajmer 5 Ambah Autonomous College, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 49 M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad 6 Anand Agriculture University, Gujarat 50 M.S. University of Baroda 7 Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam 51 Madhya Pradesh Forest Department, Bhopal 8 Anna University-Chennai 52 Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 9 BCRLI Project, Gir Sanctuary and National Park, Sasan Gir, Junagarh 53 Mahalonobis National Crop Forecasting Center (MNCFC), New Delhi 10 Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 54 Nascent info Technologies, Ahmedabad 11 BIT, Mesra 55 National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur 12 Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 56 National Institute of Oceanography, Goa 13 Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga 57 National Institute of Technology, Warangal 14 CEPT University, Ahmedabad 58 National Law University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) 15 CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bangalore 59 NCAOR, Goa 16 CSIR-NISCAIR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 60 NCMRWF, MoES, Noida 17 DAIICT, Gandhinagar 61 Neotech Technical Campus,Vadodara 18 DECU, ISRO, Ahmedabad 62 NESAC,DOS-ISRO, Shillong 19 Department of Climate change studies, Gujarat University 63 NIOT, Chennai 20 DTRL, DRDO, New Delhi 64 Nirma University, Ahmedabad 21 e-Infochip Pvt. Limited, Ahmedabad 65 NIT Raipur 22 Ericsson India Global Services Pvt Ltd, Noida 66 NIT, Agartala 23 Geological Survey of India, Faridabad 67 NRSC, Hyderabad 24 Geological Survey of India, Lucknow 68 Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 25 Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 69 Pondicherry University
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Institutions D‐1
26 Gujarat Technological University, Mehsana 70 Presidency University, Kolkata 27 ICRS, Jodhpur 71 Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana 28 IIT Bombay 72 Rajasthan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore 29 IIT Gandhinagar 73 Remote Sensing Applications centre, MPCST, Bhopal(M.P.) 30 IIT Kanpur 74 RRSC-Central, NRSC-ISRO, Nagpur 31 IIT Roorkee 75 RRSC-West, NRSC-ISRO, Jodhpur,Rajasthan 32 IIT, Bombay 76 Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 33 IIT, Kharagpur 77 SDSC, SHAR, Srihaikota 34 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 78 Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune 35 Indian institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai 79 Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment, Dehradun 36 Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad 80 Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad 37 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun 81 SPL, VSSC, Trivandrum 38 Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 82 SVNIT, Surat, Gujarat 39 Indus University, Ahmedabad 83 Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun 40 Institute of Technical, Education and Research, SOA University, Odisha 84 Univeristy of Madras, Chennai 41 IORA Ecological Solutions, New Delhi 85 Uttarakhand Space Application Centre, Dehradun 42 ISAC, Bangalore 86 Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai 43 ISRO HQ, Bangalore 87 Vikram Sarabhai Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad 44 Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) 88 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology , Dehradun
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Institutions D‐2
WORKSHOP PHOTOGRAPHS
Photographs
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Photographs P ‐ 1
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Photographs P ‐ 2
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Photographs P ‐ 3
NISAR Science Workshop ‐ 2014 | Photographs P ‐ 4
NISAR SCIENCE WORKSHOP Inviting New Ideas on SAR Applications Organised at SAC, ISRO Ahmedabad, India 17-18 November 2014 http://www.sac.gov.in/nisar