PSLV-C19 RISAT-1 PSLV-C21 GSAT-10 PSLV-C20 SARAL dm{f©H {anmoQ© ANNUAL REPORT Panoramic view of SARAL (top) and smaller satellites (below) attached to the fourth stage of PSLV-C20 dm{f©H {anmoQ© ANNUAL REPORT CITIZENS’ CHARTER OF DEPARTMENT OF SPACE Department of Space (DOS) has the primary responsibility of promoting the development of space science, technology and applications towards achieving self-reliance and facilitating in all round development of the nation. With this basic objective, DOS has evolved the following programmes: • Indian National Satellite (INSAT) programme for telecommunication, television broadcasting, meteorology, developmental education, societal applications such as telemedicine, tele-education, tele-advisories and similar such services • Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) programme for management of natural resources and various developmental projects across the country using space based imagery • Indigenous capability for design and development of satellite and associated technologies for communications, navigation, remote sensing and space sciences • Design and development of launch vehicles for access to space and orbiting INSAT, IRS satellites and space science missions • Research and development in space sciences and technologies as well as application programmes for national development The Department of Space is committed to: • Carrying out research and development in satellite and launch vehicle technology with a goal to achieve total self reliance • Provide national space infrastructure for telecommunications and broadcasting needs of the country • Provide satellite services required for weather forecasting, monitoring, etc. • Provide satellite imagery required for the natural resources survey, management of natural disasters, public good services and monitoring of environment in the country • Provide satellite imagery and specific products and services required for the application of space science and technology for developmental purposes through Central Government, State Governments, Quasi Governmental Organisations, Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) and the private sectors • Undertake proof of concept demonstration of space applications • Promote research in space sciences and development of applications programmes as per national needs While implementing the above objectives, the Department of Space will: • Provide the required satellite transponders and facilities to meet the communications, television broadcasting and security requirements of our country • Provide adequate earth observation capability in spectral, spatial and temporal domains • Provide launch services to meet national requirements and commercial needs • Provide its products and services in a prompt and efficient manner to all the users/clients CONTENTS Highlights 7 Organisation 11 Communication and Navigation Satellite System 23 Earth Observation System 30 Space Applications 37 Space Transportation System 60 Space Sciences 68 Sponsored Research 79 Indian Space Industry 82 Space Commerce 89 Systems Reliability and Safety 91 Human Resources 94 International Cooperation 101 ‘Space’ in Parliament 104 Space Programme Publicity 105 Right to Information 108 Performance Evaluation of Department of Space Based on Result Framework Document (2011-12) 109 Audit Observations 110 Milestones 114 Acronyms 120 HIGHLIGHTS 2012 was a memorable year for the Indian Space programme with two successful launches of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) from Sriharikota, of which one orbited India’s Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) and the other a French Remote Sensing Satellite SPOT-6 and the Japanese satellite PROITERES. The successful launch of SPOT-6 and PROITERES had the added significance since PSLV-C21 mission that launched them was the 100th Indian space mission. Besides, it was the twenty first successive successful launch of PSLV. The Honourable Prime Minister of India witnessed this historic launch live from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota. An advanced Indian Communication Satellite GSAT-10, which is the heaviest Indian satellite to be built by ISRO, was launched from French Guyana using the European Launch vehicle ARIANE-V. RISAT-1, GSAT-10 as well as the two foreign satellites launched by PSLV are functioning well. RISAT-1 and GSAT-10 have significantly enhanced our national capabilities for various space applications. • RISAT-1, launched on April 26, 2012, is state-of-the-art remote sensing satellite to provide data to Indian user community. It is the first microwave Radar Imaging Satellite built by ISRO. RISAT-1, using an active radar sensor system, namely, a C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar imager, is an important microwave complement to its optical IRS series of earth observation missions. RISAT-1 can image the Earth’s surface day and night as well as in adverse weather conditions. The1858 kg RISAT-1 is the heaviest satellite launched by PSLV so far. • India’s advanced communication satellite, GSAT-10, carrying a total of 30 communications transponders in C, Extended C and Ku-bands as well as a two-channel GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) payload operating in L1 and L5 bands, was launched by European Ariane-V launch vehicle on September 29, 2012. The satellite was later placed in the intended geostationary orbital slot of 83 degree E longitude. The transponders are in the process of augmenting the capacity of the INSAT system while the GAGAN payload is intended to provide the Satellite Based Augmentation System through which the accuracy of the positioning information obtained from the GPS Satellites is improved. • ISRO currently has a constellation of 9 communication satellites, 1 Meteorological satellite, 10 Earth observation satellites and 1 scientific satellite. Launch Vehicle Programme • Activities for the realisation of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark II with indigenous cryogenic engine and stage for launching communication and meteorological satellites of two ton class into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit and GSLV-Mark III capable of launching four ton satellites are progressing well. 7 • SARAL, an oceanographic satellite built jointly by ISRO and the French space agency CNES was successfully launched on February 25, 2013 by PSLV-C20. The Honourable President of India was present at Satish Dhawan Space Centre to witness the launch. SARAL carries a Ka-band altimeter and ARGOS data collection system payload. • Research and development activities in semi-cryogenic propulsion engine, air breathing propulsion and re-usable launch vehicle technology are also being pursued vigorously in an effort towards reducing the cost of access to space. Development of critical technologies for undertaking human spaceflight has also made further progress. Satellite Programme Following the launch of GSAT-10 and its subsequent placement in its designated geostationary orbital slot during the year, the following satellites are being built for meeting the country’s future requirements. • GSAT-14 satellite, envisaged to enhance extended C-band and Ku-band communication transponder capacity, carries 6 Extended C-band and 6 Ku-band Transponders as well as 2 Ka-Band Beacons and is planned to be launched in the forthcoming launch of GSLV-D5 in 2013. • IRNSS-1A, the first satellite of Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) constellation is planned to be launched onboard PSLV in 2013. • GSAT-7, a multi-band satellite, is planned to be launched onboard a procured launcher during 2013. • INSAT-3D is a state-of-the art meteorological satellite with 6 channel Imager and 19 channel Sounder payloads. The satellite will be located at 82 degree E longitude in geostationary orbit. The satellite is planned to be launched onboard a procured launcher during 2013. Space Science Programme • Hectic Efforts are on to realise the Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft for launch in October 2013 onboard PSLV. After leaving Earth orbit in November 2013, MOM spacecraft will cruise in deep space for 10 months and will reach Mars in September 2014. The spacecraft subsequently, is planned to enter into a 500 X 80,000 km orbit around Mars. The 1350 kg MOM spacecraft will carry five instruments to study Martian surface, atmosphere and mineralogy. • Chandrayaan-2 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-1 with an Orbiter, Lander and Rover. Chandrayaan-2 is designed to collect samples of lunar soil and conduct in-situ studies of chemical and mineralogical content that lunar soil. Chandrayaan-2 is to be launched onboard GSLV. Societal Applications • The hallmark of Indian space programme has been the application-oriented efforts and the benefits that have accrued to the country. The societal services offered by INSAT satellites in the area of 8 tele-education and telemedicine were continued during the year. Today, tele-education network has about 56,000 class rooms connected to various academic institutions and universities. ISRO Telemedicine network facilities cover 389 hospitals connecting 311 rural hospitals and 18 mobile vans to 60 super speciality hospitals providing health care to citizens, especially in rural areas Infrastructure development • To meet the requirements of increased launch frequency of 5 / 6 launches per year, infrastructure at SDSC SHAR is being augmented. As part of this endeavor, many new facilities were commissioned Space Commerce • Antrix Corporation, the commercial arm of Department of Space, has been marketing the Indian space products and services in the global market. Under a commercial contract with Antrix,