Slavic Sociolinguistics in North America

University of Kentucky UKnowledge

Linguistics Faculty Publications Linguistics

2009 Slavic Sociolinguistics in North America: Lineage and Leading Edge Mark Richard Lauersdorf University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u.

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Repository Citation Lauersdorf, Mark Richard, "Slavic Sociolinguistics in North America: Lineage and Leading Edge" (2009). Linguistics Faculty Publications. 32. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/lin_facpub/32

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This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/lin_facpub/32

Slavic Sociolinguistics in North America: Lineage and Leading Edge*

Mark Richard Lauersdorf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

1. Introduction

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

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! F!G! 3.9+0! +%A,! ).! )$'2A! 7?! *.++,'19,! ')! )$,! H2%/,(&%)?! .4! I,2)9*A?C! J,'27'(%,! K.9$%,(DL%++.91$:?C!'20!,&-,*%'++?!)$,!*.,0%).(!.4!)$%&!/.+97,C!M9()!L..+$%&,(C!4.(! )$,%(!%2&%1$)49+!*.77,2)&!'20!&911,&)%.2&!.2!'2!,'(+%,(!0('4)!.4!)$%&!'()%*+,@! ;!N.(!'!&,(%,&!.4!4%(&)D-,(&.2!'**.92)&!.4!)$,!1,2,&%&!.4!)$,!4%,+0!.4!&.*%.+%219%&)%*&!%2! 5.()$! 67,(%*'2C! &,,! O'9+&).2! '20! #9*A,(! ;<R!.4!)$,!4%,+0!S8$9?!;<

Journal of Slavic Linguistics 17(1–2): 3–59, 2009. 4 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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�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�+ ',+ S"##"'=+ TB"%).+ S)".4/0+ P8Q;CU9VJ+ ,//+ S)".4/0+ 8QQ9W+ VHV+ ',+ *"./6+ "4+ 3)-0+ 899CW+ 8;R@+ A4+ .)/+ 3#'<"*+ *$4./K.>+ (&/*-&,$&,+ .$+ =$6/&4+ ,$*"$#"4F %-",."*+"4+b$&",+M@+ `'&"4>+'46+c"E.$&+_@+d"&=-4,E"N+'.+.)/+A4,.".-./+$1+T",*-&,"

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2. Lineage

2.1. Slavic Sociolinguistics in Professional Journals and Series

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
:*(?%""5!&$7! A&#$4&$!EFGMZ![(Q#$-B#!&$7!Y1@$%1!EFHPZ!Y1@$%15!*/;!R"
:*(?%""5!&$7!A&#$4&$!EFHMZ! \("%>%6-B#!%/!&";!EFKPZ!&$7!\("%>%6-B#!%/!&";!EFKMJ5!?./!/2%1%&)/%1!/2%@!&99%&1!&-!1%'."&1! #--.%-!()!/2%!!'4!#44%7#&/%"@!91%,%7#$'!/2%!R($'1%--!%+%1@!)#+%!@%&1-;! H!X2%1%! &1%! ,%1/&#$"@! 4&$@! (/2%1! +%$.%-! #$! 62#,2! 0(1/2! 34%1#,&$! *"&+#,! -(,#("#$: '.#-/-!2&+%!9.?"#-2%7!/2%#1!6(1B5!#$,".7#$'!/2%!>(.1$&"-!()!#$7#+#7.&"!*"&+#,!"&$'.&'%! 6 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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�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`*Z!(%)!:$,,!;!:$,,! (%)! _.4*`*Z! ;! ]$%-$W! ;! ]$3*%! ;! Q(2%$4! ;! a4*$)'(%/!bc!;!^*--#*&!;!Q*W&d!;!e$)$1YW&3*-!;!\4(L&0,W(!;!O&11$P,&%!;! Q(4,#(11/! Nc! ;<! a&4)! SHHS>! ](%2'(%! SHHS>! O&11$P,&%!SHHS>!Q(g0$11!SHHKL>!O#&'(,!SHHK>! X1$g(%)$4!SHHKh HB>!:.,#W&!SHHG>!N(%71$%W&!SHHM>!:4('$4!SHHM! 10 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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

2.2. Thematic Conference Proceedings and Special-Focus Collections

=>)?:L$O!T2')!['2?!'[!)$L>)2!O'0[)2)0O)!G2'\ O))1$0T4!'2!4G)O$:%\['O<4!O'%%)OL$'045!G2'&$1)!:!4S0O>2'0$O!40:G4>'L!'[! 4O>'%:2%S! L>$0;$0T! :01! :OL$&$LS! 1<2$0T! 4G)O$[$O! G)2$'14! $0! L>)! 1)&)%\ 'G?)0L!'[!:!2)4):2O>![$)%17!=>)S!L)01!L'!4>'3!G'$0L4!'[!>)$T>L)0)1! )?G>:4$4!'2!$0O2):4)1!['O<4!L>:L!4<2[:O)![2'?!L$?)!L'!L$?)!$0!L>)!T)0\ )2:%!2)4):2O>!4L2):?5!:01!:2)!L>)2)['2)!3'2L>!%'';$0T!:L!?'2)!O%'4)%S! :4!:!4)G:2:L)!G>)0'?)0'0!$0!L>)!%$0):T)!'[!N%:&$O!4'O$'%$0T<$4L$O4!$0! Q'2L>!/?)2$O:7! =2:O$0T!L>)!O>2'0'%'TS!'[!4!4G)O$:%!$44<)4!3)!4))!L>:L!L>)!T)0\ )2:%!G:LL)20!'[!)?G>:4$4!$0!N'!N%:&$O!])4G)O$:%%S!^V#N_!:?'0T! Q'2L>!/?)2$O:0!4O>'%:24!L>:L!3:4!$1)0L$[$)1!:P'&)!$4!O'0[$2?)1!:01! 2)$0['2O)1!PS!L>)!2)%:L$&)%S!):2%S!:01!2)G):L)1!:GG):2:0O)!'[! O'0[)2\ )0O)! G2'O))1$0T4! &'%! N%:&$O! 4'O$'%$0T<$4L$O! ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 11

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`4%7M 761! +,-[/! I1*&1J! +,-[7/! K5D*14! +,-[7/! W5O6#4! +,-[Y! Z1'"E! a4ObcdJ! +,-[/!K%&J61'1*!+,-[?(!Z0%61!*#"!#CC%&%566O!C#&3'18!#*!5!'#&%#6%*D3%'"%&! "01B1/! "01! a1'"'&04%C"! %*! 0#*#4! #C! A0#B5'! a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ʕ&"%#*'!71O#*8!&#*C141*&1!$4#&118%*D'(!)*! G#6(! ./! *#(! +<=! #C! "01! 1#,"$#%,(/#%&' $"0("2' /3' 4&%0(-' &(#)*(+,(-+/! 5! '$1&%56! "4%$61M%''31!#*!@A01!F65G%&!65*D35D1'!%*!1B%D45*"!&#BB3*%"%1'H!9F3'M '1e! +,[+?/! "L#! #C! "01! C#34! W#4"0! TB14%&5*! &#*"4%73"%#*'! 8156"! L%"0! F#3"0!F65G%&!65*D35D1'(+=/!+R!)*!5!@F$1&%56!%''31!#*!"01!F#G%1"!76#&H!"05"! 5$$15418!5'!G#6(!+./!*#(!+<;!#C!"01!5%#%6(%#'$"0("2'/3'+,*6("+'(#'#%,(/#%&7

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +;!U#3*"%*D!56'#!"01!&#*"4%73"%#*'!7O!*#*MW#4"0!TB14%&5*!'&0#654'/!.!#C!"01!+R!54"%&61'! 9*1546O! 056C! #C! "01! 54"%&61'! %*! "01! a1'"'&04%C"?! L141! '#&%#6%*D3%'"%&! %*! "01%4! 5$$4#5&0/! L0%&0!%'!*#"!5"!566!'34$4%'%*D!D%G1*!K5D*14f'!$4#B%*1*"!L#4J!%*!"01!C%168(! +=!T67%25*%g!+,[+!5*8!N5"14*#'"!+,[+(!]1*\6!+,[+5!8156'!L%"0!U\1&0Y!5*8!K5D*14!+,[+5! %'!5!6%"145"341!41G%1L(! +R!A01! 1#,"$#%,(/#%&' $"0("2' /3' 4&%0(-' &(#)*(+,(-+! 9+,-.<[+?! 56'#! $376%'018! 5! *3B714! #C! %*8%G%8356! &#*"4%73"%#*'! #*! F65G%&! '#&%#6%*D3%'"%&'! 7O! W#4"0! TB14%&5*! '&0#654'E! W5J0%B#G'JO!+,-.Y!h5*1J!5*8!i54*166!+,--(! 12 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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`18<1E!)*+*U!a031(/7G!)*+*@!='7^&'88!)*+*!61'7(!:3/$!b^1<$U!b%&031! )*+*!/01'/(!N;((3'8U!'86!#$%&'(!)*+*'!501(18/(!'8!%>10>31:@!_17'>3<$!<%8/38;1(!/$1! 63(<;((3%8!%2!$3(!/%53%7;&1!%2!/$1!('&1!c%;08'7!"_17'>3<$!)**R-@) )B!P8!)*+C.!38!'!<%771310(3/G!%2!d'901,!38! /$1!3((;1!%8![;9%(7'>3'@! ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 13

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`! '%(! Y'E-&_#)'! RSS5@9! A#)"$'! 3U'(-J'%-J$`! '%(! >'_-)! RSS5@9! Ca#2/! U#GD"E$2! 3,#MJ'G$E! '%(! b1#_)M-Jc! RSSd@9! 4DE&')$'! 3B-2D*! -%! 1$%-)$.+! E'%&D'&#! G-E$2+@! 30%&#E-J! '%(! >')*/'EE! RSST"@9! E'%&D'&#!2-%.'2.!"#.L##%!*1'EE!'%(!E')&#!AE'J$2!E'%&D'&#*!3>').$!'%(!,#MJ'G$E!RSSP@=! Q/#)#! /'*! 'E*-! "##%! '%! !#"$!$**D#!-%!e$(($*/!'*!H./#!B$B.##%./!AE'J$2!E'%&D'&#I! 3:$*/1'%!5665@=! 56!Z%!'(($.$-%!.-!./#*#!AE'J$2!E'%&D'&#Nf)#&$-%N*G#2$B$2!H.-G$2*!$**D#*I;!AE'J$2!*-2$-E$%N &D$*.$2!*.D($#*!/'J#!'E*-!'GG#')#(!$%!./#!%-%N./#1'.$2!$**D#*!-B!!#"$!$%!)#2#%.!+#')*V ./#!,-)./!01#)$2'%!2-%.)$"D.$-%*!$%2ED(#\!>')*/'EE;!g=!566T9!>'&%#)!RSS59!h'%&1'%! RSSR9!Q-EE#B*-%!RSSR9!>'WL#EE!RSSd"=!Q/#*#!L#)#!$%2ED(#(!$%!./#!('.'!)#G)#*#%.#(!$%! *#2.$-%!R=5!'"-J#=! RS!Z%!./$*!J-ED1#!L#!'&'$%!*##!'!A-D./!AE'J$2!B-2D*!L$./!B$J#!').$2E#*!-%!A-D./!AE'J$2! '%(!-%E+!.L-!-%!K#*.!AE'J$2V./#!,-)./!01#)$2'%!2-%.)$"D.$-%*!2-1$%&!$%!./#!)'.$-! -B!./)##!.-!-%#!3A-D./\!4'%'2!567[;!Z-J$%#!567[;!h#%2#M!567['9!K#*.\!AJ#_M-J*M^!567[@=! 0(($.$-%'EE+;!./#)#!')#!.L-!').$2E#*!"+!,-)./!01#)$2'%*!-%!C/D)2/!AE'J$2\!O-E("E'..! 567[;!>'./$#*#%!567[9!'%(!'!1#./-(-E-&$2'E!-J#)J$#L!3?$22/$-!567[@=! 14 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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2.3. Monographs on Slavic Sociolinguistics

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3. Leading Edge

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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ [\+_0"+$"3!%/&$+,&-+$65$"3!%/&$+#".#"$"&!"-+4"#"?+=%K+F/#"+$652%"(-$+/2+!#,-%!%/&,(+0%$` !/#%3,(`3/8.,#,!%1"+I(,1%$!%3$+=0%$!/#%3,(*+.0%(/(/'%3,(*+-%,("3!/(/')KD+=%%K+F/#"+$652%"(-$+ /2+ 2/#8,(M!0"/#"!%3,(+ I(,1%$!%3$+ =.0/&/(/')*+ $)&!,LfZ@M8%&%8,(%$8*+ $)&!,LfOHIZKD+ =%%%K+F/#"+$652%"(-$+/2+3/&!"&!`/#%"&!"-+I(,1%$!%3$+=-%$3/6#$"*+$"8%/!%3$*+3/'&%!%1"KD+=%1K+ F/#"+ ,-7,3"&!+ -%$3%.(%&"$+ =,3g6%$%!%/&*+ .$)30/(%&'6%$!%3$*+ (,&'6,'"+ !",30%&'KW+ I""+ http://www.indiana.edu/~slavconf/SLING2K/program.html*+(,$!+,33"$$"-+/&+9;+h6&"+<;;:W+ [R+U((+56!+!0#""+/2+!0"+/#%'%&,(+./$%!%/&+.,."#$+4"#"+$65$"g6"&!()+.65(%$0"-+%&+]$$6"+N+ =X,((+<;;RK+/2+!0"+/&(%&"+7/6#&,(+!"#$$#$+ihttp://www.seelrc.org/glossos/issues/8/j+=X#,&C$+"!+ ,(W+<;;Rk%$$6"+!%!("?+^I(,1%3+(%&'6%$!%3$+<;;;?+_0"+26!6#"+/2+I(,1%3+(%&'6%$!%3$+%&+U8"#` %3,a*+(,$!+,33"$$"-+9;+h6&"+<;;:KW+_4/+/2+!0/$"+!0,!+4"#"+&/!+.65(%$0"-+#"8,%&+,1,%(` ,5("+,!+!0"+3/&2"#"&3"+4"5$%!"?+ihttp://www.indiana.edu/~slavconf/SLING2K/j+=(,$!+,33"$$"-+ 9;+h6&"+<;;:KW+ ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 21

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3.2. Recent Dissertations

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!"#$%&"'()*%$+"'%#$+'*,$-%$)%%#./(#0$-1$2"-%$%3#&-)($4'(5.#$'6$2"#$ !"#$%&'( ")( *'&+,-( ',%.#,/0,-/$ *#3*#%#12$ /'2"$ 2"#$ (-1#)7#$ )10$ 2"#$ (#)0-17$ #07#$ '6$ 8()4-&$ %'&-'(-175-%2-&%$ -1$ 9'*2"$ :.#*-&);$ <)1=$ '6$ '5*$ &'1> 2*-/52'*%$ ")4#$ 3()=#0$ )$ *)($ *'(#$ -1$ %")3-17$ 2"#$ *#%#)*&"$ )7#10)%$ &'1%2-252-17$2"#$(-1#)7#$'6$2"#$6-#(0$)10$")4#$/*'57"2$-2$2'$-2%$3*#%#12$ %2)2#$+-2"$2"#-*$15.#*'5%$&'12*-/52-'1%$2"*'57"'52$2"#$=#)*%?$)10$)(($ '6$'5*$)52"'*%$%2)10$)2$2"#$(#)0-17$#07#$2"*'57"$2"#-*$&'12-15#0$ 7*'510/*#),-17$+'*,$)%$*#3*#%#12#0$-1$2"-%$4'(5.#?$)10$2"*'57"$ 2"#-*$ +'*,$ +-2"$ %250#12%$ *#3*#%#12-17$ 2"#$ 1#@2$ 7#1#*)2-'1$ '6$ 9'*2"$ :.#*-&)1$8()4-&$%'&-'(-175-%2%;$ A#$%##$-1$2"#$3*#%#12$4'(5.#$)$&'12-15)2-'1$'6$2"#$*#$2*#10$ 2'+)*0$/*')0$*#3*#%#12)2-'1$'6$2"#$8()4-&$()175)7#%$-1$%'&-'(-175-%2-&$ *#%#)*&"$-1$9'*2"$:.#*-&)?$+-2"$)*2-&(#%$'1$B'%1-)1?$B5(7)*-)1?$CD#&"?$ E5%%-)1?$ 8('4#1#?$ F,*)-1-)1?$ )10$ ()175)7#$ &'12)&2$ -1$ 3'%2>8'4-#2$ %2)2#%?$)10$+-2"$/'',$*#4-#+%$'1$B#()*5%-)1$)10$F,*)-1-)1;$A#$)(%'$ %##$-1$2"#$3*#%#12$4'(5.#$)$/(#10-17$'6$2"#$'(0#*$)10$1#+#*$)*#)%$'6$ *#%#)*&"$ 2")2$ +#$ 1'2#0$ -1$ '5*$ ('',$ )2$ 2"#$ (-1#)7#$ '6$ 8()4-&$ %'&-'(-1> 75-%2-&$+'*,$-1$9'*2"$:.#*-&);$G2$/#)*%$%2)2-17$2")2?$0#%3-2#$2"#$6).-(-> )*-2=$ '6$ %'.#$ '6$ 2"#$ %5/6-#(0%$ *#3*#%#12#0?$ 2"#$ 1#+$ +'*,$ 3*#%#12#0$ "#*#$-%?$'6$&'5*%#?$1'2$%-.3(=$)$*#")%"-17$'6$2"#$2"#'*-#%?$.#2"'0'('> 7-#%?$'*$0)2)$'6$3)%2$0#&)0#%;$G2$-%$/)%#0$'1$6*#%"$6-#(0+'*,$)10$)1)(=> %-%$ 510#*$ 1#+$ &'10-2-'1%$ -1$ 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

References

Journals Consulted in Section 2.1

!"#"$%"#& '(")*#%+& ,",-./01-)2-& +"#"$%-##-& $-/& /(")%/3-/& S!'4-$ TUOVW 8&()(2*X$ 5*(%"&/(")%+"$S5'-$TUYYWZYX$ 6#3-.#"3%*#"(&7*2.#"(&*8&'(")%+&(%#92%/3%+/&"#$&,*-3%+/&S6:';4-$TUOUWLMM[X$ 6#3-.#"3%*#"(&7*2.#"(&*8&3<-&/*+%*(*9=&*8&("#92"9-$S6:';-$TUY[W8&()(2*X-$ :*2.#"(&*8&'(")%+&(%#92%/3%+/$S:';-$TUUNW8&()(2*X$ '(")%+&"#$&-"/3&>2.*,-"#&7*2.#"($S'>>:-$TUOYW8&()(2*X$ ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 27 Series Consulted in Section 2.1

!"#$%&'() &*(+$%,-+%*(.) +*) +/#) 0(+#$('+%*('1) 2*(3$#..) *4) 51'6%.+.) 7!20258) ! !"#$%&'() &*(+$%,-+%*(.) +*) +/#) 0*-$+/) 1(+#$('+%*('2) 3*(4$#..) *0) 52'6%&%.+.7) 8*.&*97) 5#:+#",#$) ;<=>"! #$%&'(! )*+,-./012.304! 567861"! 952'6%.+%&) :$%(+%(4.)'(?)$#:$%(+%(4.:!;$"([email protected]! 567861"!952'6%.+%&):$%(+%(4.)'(?)$#:$%(+%(4.:!A="7)!-4-.+)IJ;AB)C*2-"#);D)E%(G 4-%.+%&) &*(+$%,-+%*(."[email protected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`"%"*'(0,1%/(`K"A'(a"9*;"(NK@PA]'( ,&/(aK&#"*(?@$,,*+@$:%/#'("/+.(3GHbT7(4'(':%'()&*(+$%-.+%*(/)+*)+0#) /#7#(+0) 2(+#$('+%*('3) 4*(5$#//) *1) 63'7%/+/8) Y'$/'G8) !.5./+) (29K#9&.(W63'7%/+%&);$%(+%(5/)'(:)$#;$%(+%(5/'(46I.Y( \98"]"^+P%'( _D%;&%"^'( Z/:K&/( `"%"*'( a"9*;"( NK@PA]'( ,&/( aK&#"*( ?@$,,*+@$:%/#'("/+.(3GHb67(4'(':%'()&*(+$%-.+%*(/)+*)+0#)#%50+0+)2(+#$, ('+%*('3) 4*(5$#//) *1) 63'7%/+/) Z['5$#-RC\.-3\'('8) AJQ>]B) D$':%+%*() '(:) %((*7'+%*()%()63'7%&)3%+#$'+.$#/8)3%(5.%/+%&/8)'(:)/+^3%/+%&/.(d##,^,>(),&C ,/%,&( E++9@%,#%9&( 9M( ?8,1%+#+.( 39D#,%&,D8"( M*9:( 4'(':%'() 63'7*(%&) ;';#$/7.( ?#,*#%&;(%&(GH6T(#$"(4'(':%'()4*(+$%-.+%*(/(198K:"+(,RR",*(,+(*";K8,*( %++K"+(9M(#$"(4'(':%'()63'7*(%&);';#$/LI#7.#)&'(':%#((#):#/)/3'7%/+#/( %::"/%,#"8A(R*"@"/%&;(",@$(<&#"*&,#%9&,8()9&;*"++(,+(M9889^+>(198.( 4I'(&9.(G(3GH6T7e&%&#$()9&;*"++'(f%"1(GH6Tg(198.(T5'(&9.(G(3GH667e #"&#$( )9&;*"++'( ?9M%,( GH66g( 198.( Th'( &9.( T( 3GHH47e"8"1"&#$( )9&C ;*"++'( !*,#%+8,1,( GHHTg( 198.( TH'( &9.( Tih( 3GHHb7e#^"8M#$( )9&;*"++'( f*,Pj^(GHH6g(198.(hI'(&9.(Gi4(3455T7e#$%*#""&#$()9&;*"++'(N]KD8],C &,(455Tg(198.(I5'(&9.(Gi4(345567eM9K*#""&#$()9&;*"++'(d$*%/(4556.( ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 29 Other Works Cited

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`6H! "=! %=%B@0)0! 'A! 0%B);=)0'("&(4$*(*$A,$%,4(>$2,4;)9B(EO(P%#%'>%2(EGHQ6! 7&,%2&),$"&).(R"02&).("-(!.)1$#(.$&/0$*,$#*()&;(+"%,$#*!QDbQ3H!3EP`41!! !!1!2DE5O6!F"!$%:)*%B!%<<;&c.$#),$"&*("-(,4%(=%*%)2#4(S2"0+(U"2(V02"+%)&(W$/2),$"&(32">.%'*,! D_1Z! "B;N%=:;$,!M'=;BB;1!234446!7&(4"&"2("-(;$1%2*$,9:(54%(.$&/0$*,$#(2%*"02#%*("-( ,4%( N).M)&*1! T'B.&#.0,! WXH! 9;c%$<&;==)?;$0)<@1!Y54%(X%&< &%,4(V6(Y)9."2(W%'"2$).(K%#,02%(!%2$%*($&(!"0,4(!.)1$#(K$&/0$*,$#*,!31Z! !!1! 2344QP344`6! Ff'0=)%=,! T$'%<)%=,! G;$#)%=H! W=;! B%=I.%I;! '$! <8$;;gL! [)*8%;B! G1! aB);$! ;)0'( $&( '%'"2$)'1! 7&,%2&),$"&).(R"02&).("-(!.)1$#(.$&/0$*,$#*()&;(+"%,$#*!``b`RH!DPQR1!! !!1!2344O%6!N"*&$)&B(J2"),$)&B(!%2>$)&B()(/2)'')2(8$,4(*"#$".$&/0$*,$#( #"''%&,)291![%:)0'=H!>=)?;$0)<@!'A!V)0*'=0)=!7$;001! 30 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

!"#$%&'#()* +,&#""#-*./00123*456%"#78,",9:;-*<8#=#&* >(%&?@*#8*%"-)*#'@-* !"#$%&' "%()*%+,%&+' -.../' 012' 3*,*42' 53' !"#$%&' "%()*%+,%&+' %(' 6724%&#-* 8"5++5+* A-* !=%6"%2"#* %8* http://www.seelrc.org/glossos/issues/8/ alexander.pdf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`./3Q* B1ETE0-** !&'(#L@)*a'&%-*.BEEE3*4F#&'#(*(,"#@*%&'*R#(7#R86,&Q*+D@@6%&*'6N6&DP 86=#@* 6&* '6@7,D(@#;-* _%(9%(#8* _6""@)* #'-* !"#$%&' )2(<24' "%()*%+,%&+D* !N@8#('%NQ*C,G&*W#&V%N6&@)*AUTBBB-* !&9#",=)*!&9#"*F-*%&'*5%=6'*>-*_%(@G%""-*./001%3*4b&8(,'D786,&Q*a8GP &,"6&9D6@867* N6&,(68:* "%&9D%9#* R,"676#@* 6&* WD"9%(6%* %&'* 8G#6(* W%"?%&* 7,&8#$8;-* !&9#"* F-* !&9#",=* %&'* 5%=6'* >-* _%(@G%"")* #'@-* N$24&57%()'7%(54%,H'"#()*#)2'>5"%&H'3#%"*42/'012'&#+2'354'O*")#4%#'#(<' ,12'O#"P#(+-*E(,24(#,%5(#"'?5*4(#"'53',12'+5&%5"5)H'53'"#()*#)2*BSEQ*BT/A-** **)*#'@-*./00123*N$24&57%()'7%(54%,H'"#()*#)2'>5"%&H'3#%"*42/'012'&#+2' 354'O*")#4%#'#(<' ,12' O#"P#(+-*1%#-*HG-5-*'6@@#(8%86,&)*W(:&*_%L(*K,""#9#-* W%&%7)* b=,-* .BEA`3* 4_%6&* 8(#&'@* 6&* 8G#* K(,%8* "%&9D%9#* eD#@86,&;-* +677%(',*H677G6,*%&'*]%(=#:*F,"'2"%88)*#'@-' 6+>2&,+' 53' ,12' !"#$%&' ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 31

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`(! 5W#! :1U(1L10&(0#! /L! 5W#! :#0/(7! 9/25W! 9.&'10!1(L.2#(0#!L/6!5W#!#'/.251/(!/L!5W#!M2::1&(!.15#6&6X!.&(U2&U#NA! N#*&4#"*+,#"!'@,%4#"!',E'6!"7+5'!+#$%+)*+5)'"#<'>,&*+5)!?;,!?O>@YA! !!A! G;=<@I! J+W#! 9.&'/(10! .&(U2&U#! 0/332(15X! &:! &! U#(#510! &(7! 5XV/./U10&.!0.&::NA!b#6&.7!95/(#!&(7!_#&(!c/65W)!#7:A!D3&' E,4/"I *+,#',E'*3&'6!"7,#+5'!+*&4"4H'!"#$%"$&)1'O4,5&&<+#$)',E'"'5,#E&4&'3&!<' +#'/&/,4H',E';,?&4*'F%*H'"#<'F##&'O&##+#$*,#'"*'PQE,4?O;A! E6&(U)! Q#5#6!&(7! F/(1\&! fg..1UA!G;=<;I!`,//&#*+&4*&'a+?!+,$4">3+&'Y%4' 6!"7+)53&#'6,Y+,!+#$%+)*+KA!O!'/.23#:A![6&(\L265,!Q#5#6!^&(UA!B6!"7+5"' b&!7&*+5")!;PAD! 32 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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`0'JD;%;>9'4%7@>%@#'24%7787@'87'!#4%">95'V7'#a%W87%;837' 3M' *"8;;#7' )89R3>"9#' 87' 2>b48R' 92%R#9U+' E")C%"C12 I/A,'(' [,-05' -c/Z I./+' ''+' ,-..c0' JN%7@>%@#' 9L8M;' 3"' W%87;#7%7R#T' V7' #a%W87%;837' 3M' 4%7@>%@#'>9%@#'%R"399'M3>"'@#7#"%;8379'%9'9#4MS"#23";#)'b:'>78O#"S 98;:'%@#'9;>)#7;9'87'!#4%">9U+'K/%;)"A2/=2H%A<,A,)C%"A2")32H%A<,'%A<%;B "A231F1A/IH1)<'-H,/05'/Z/d+' !"3*7#&' e%:4#9+' ,-..-0' L9"<2 ,#2 "2 #<")3";32 A")C%"C12 C//32 =/;M2 ")32 09/2 C1<#2;/"<,")+'_34>Wb>9&'1f5']#2%";W#7;'3M'D4%O8R'%7)'(%9;'(>"32#%7' N%7@>%@#9'%7)'N8;#"%;>"#9&'1L83'D;%;#'678O#"98;:+'CP912!1))1<92QD2 -"(A/;2R1H/;,"A2E1'<%;12@1;,1#2,)2@/%<92@A"F,'2E,)C%,#<,'#&'I+E' ''+' ,-..Y0' JD#"b3S_"3%;8%7' %7)' 8;9' 9>RR#993"9' 87' ;L#' 678;#)' D;%;#9U+'X%7<3'!>@%"9<8'%7)'_#48%'f%*<#9*3";L&'#)9+'E")C%"C12,)2 <912=/;H1;2S%C/#A"F2A")3#D'!433W87@;37&'=\5'D4%O8R%&'-dHZ`/+' !>b#78<&'Q8;+',/HHI0'J17';L#'%Rg>898;837'%7)'W%87;#7%7R#'3M'%'W873"8;:' 4%7@>%@#5' _$#RL' 87' _%7%)%U+' (O%' (R<#";&' #)+' :";,1<,1#2 /=2 >$1'9?2 @<%3,1#2,)2>$1'92#/',/A,)C%,#<,'#D'VW9;#")%W5'X3)328&'-Y/ZdI+' !>R<&' _L"89;32L#"' ]+' ,/HcY0' JKL#' X>998%7' 4%7@>%@#' g>#9;837' 87' ;L#' =W2#"8%4' VR%)#W:' 3M' DR8#7R#9U+' X8RR%")3' A8RRL83' %7)' f%"O#:' h34)b4%;;&'#)9+'G#I1'<#2/=2<912@A"F,'2A")C%"C12T%1#<,/)D2:/A%H12U?2Q"#<2 @A"F,'D'\#*'f%O#7&'_K5'i%4#'_37R848>W'37'=7;#"7%;837%4'%7)'V"#%' D;>)8#9&'/c`Z-II+'CS"A12V%##,")2")321"#<2Q%;/I1")2I%&A,'"<,/)#&'Yb+E' !>@%"9<8&' X%7<3' %7)' _#48%' f%*<#9*3";L&' #)9+' ,/HH-0' E")C%"C12 IA")),)C2,)2S%C/#A"F,"+'_34>Wb>9&'1f5'D4%O8R%+' ''&'#)9+',-..Y0'E")C%"C12,)2<912=/;H1;2S%C/#A"F2A")3#+'!433W87@;37&' =\5'D4%O8R%+' !>;4#"&'KL3W%9'j+',/H[H0'Jj#"7#B'k328;%"l9'"34#'87';L#'D#"b8%7'4%7@>%@#' R37;"3O#"9:U+'@A"F,'2")321"#<2Q%;/I1")2./%;)"A'/I,Y05'Y`HZcc+' ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 33

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`a>+'8K!`a>+'8!];:A&'.:$=!_'&..0! Q#,,:;.(!^&+'<&!P0!1233J5!6Q+,,+;!Q+%%+b#:-%!Qc&9*!-;8!"';+!9:$=! .M&&9*B0! XA-! X9T&'$(! &80! K+2%&"%&'( 0B( HL&/1E( !"#$%&'( %)( HL&/1( '0/%0? ,%).#%'"%/'5!E,.$&'8-,K!\+8+M:(!2LJId30! !!0!1HYYL5!6R:$&'-'=!Qc&9*(!Q+,,+;!Qc&9*(!-;8!$*&!:;.$'#,&;$-%! M%#'-%B0!M0#2)+,(0B(!,+=%/(,%).#%'"%/'!2J1H5K!Hd2I3d0! F-;=%&;T+(!E;8'::0! 1HYY45!6)*&!;&7!]T'-:;:-;!.$-;8-'8!%-;<#-<&!+>! 2d34K!)'-8:$:+;!A.0!:;;+A-$:+;B0!Q*':.$:;-!N0!"&$*:;!-;8!F-A:8!P0! "&$*&-(! &8.0! N7&2%/+)( /0)"2%:#"%0)'( "0( "1&( B0#2"&&)"1( @)"&2)+"%0)+,( H0).2&''( 0B( !,+=%'"'O( P12%$O( !&8"&7:&2( QRRS5( K0,#7&( TU( V%).#%'"%/'5! "%++,:;<$+;(!DeK!?%-A:9-(!L3IdG0! F:9T:;.+;(! /&;;:>&'! E;;0! 123335! V%B&( 0)( "1&( &$.&E( W)$&2'"+)$%).( '0/%+,( /1+).&("120#.1(&=&2;$+;(/0)=&2'+"%0)(%)(+(W-2+%)%+)(:02$&2(/077#)%";0! _*0F0!8:..&'$-$:+;(!];:A&'.:$=!+>!P:9*:<-;0! F:,:$'+A-(! ?$&>-;-0! 1233d5! *X,.+2'-%( &L%-0! `M+%&K! ];:7&'.=$&$! `M+%.T:(! D;.$=$#$!O:%+%+<::!_+%.T:&V0!Z?&':&.!F+A)0G'L&( $L%&A&( AY;L-ZG( '[0G%+\'-%/10[! 34 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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`9';5+! *,)! #A,! -.//.1! J"00"&4KE4-) 9"9'--#'4) 6/.<"() /.#$%.$-,! I[#7(+@!(''5#!9R!:#'-,#.'"+#./)G+%,#./)+9)'4-)&+("+/+$H)+9)/.#$%.$-!/.,! "9:A)! =5:6('! >:#$A9$)! `:,! -OPP.1! E4-) L,-IM8",'4) +9) N+&#".#O) ;+*2.,.'"<-) 2-,&2-('"<-&) +#) /.#$%.$-) 2/.##"#$) "#) N+&#".IP-,Q-$+<"#.,! ?;,B,! A(''#:6+6(9$)!L$(&#:'(6%!9R!V9:6;!=+:9@($+!+6!=;+[#@!J(@@,! !!,! -OPPO1! 23+$45+4#! [@+$$($4! ($! >9'$(+! +$A! J#:X#49&($+D! Q;#! .//0!>(;+\!I%8[9'(58<,!6/.<"().#0)-.&')1%,+2-.#)G+%,#./!_a-O1D!F_/H a.,! ":+#$C#@)!N:+$,!-.//F1!2L:K+$!E5'@(8!(A#$6(6%!($!E+7#A9$(+D!Q;#!($S 6#:[@+%!9R!b6698+$('8!+$A!85@6(@($45+@!$+6(9$+@('8<,!N:+$!":+#$S C#@!+$A!=;:('6($+!Y:+8#:)!#A',!!.#$%.$-)(+#'.('K/.#$%.$-)(+#9/"('3! V#W!T9:CD!?#6#:!3+$4)!OZH_.,! ":+#$C#@)! N:+$! +$A! =;:('6($+! Y:+8#:)! #A',! -.//F1! !.#$%.$-) (+#'.('K /.#$%.$-)(+#9/"(',!V#W!T9:CD!?#6#:!3+$4,!cN./R.#)6'%0"-&)!.,d! ":+$C')! I6#&#$)! NA$+! *$A:#W')! ]9$! "#@A'6#($)! +$A! M#9:4#! "9W@#:)! #A',! -OPPa1! 6/.<"() /"#$%"&'"(&) ?@@@O) E4-) 9%'%,-) +9) 6/.<"() /"#$%"&'"(&) "#) 7*-,"(.,!I[#7(+@!(''5#!9R!S/+&&+&!0,!*&+(@+K@#!+6!http://www.seelrc.org/ glossos/issues/8/)!@+'6!+77#''#A!.P!`5$#!OPP/,! ":(#A8+$)!B#K:+!*$$,!-OPPa1!LF-M"*.$"#"#$)'4-)#.'"+#O)!.#$%.$-)&+("./"I Q.'"+#) "#) 5R,."#".#) (/.&&,++*&,! ?;,B,! A(''#:6+6(9$)! L$(&#:'(6%! 9R! =+@(R9:$(+!+6!39'!*$4#@#',! 36 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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`$9'"-&$(-*.P*a='B#,*'(%*G':-* G<".9$'(*S'(><'>$:*'(%*S#-$"'-<"$:)*^F#.*a-'-$*b(#B$":#-A0*cN0(O (0,8'4I'?#;"/3'K0@/3%#"'G0&,*30'!03%0+'%('!/*,8'!"#$%&'G%()*%+,%&+)*20d* **0*15ZZNMZL6*7OF$*T.<(%'"#$:*.P*;'=V'(*a='B#,D0*Q#,F'$=*a0*!=#$"* $-* '=0)* $%:0* P0(3%6' M%3(:#*@' %(' @0@/3%#@0* D(,03(#,%/(#"' E/*3(#"' /2' !"#$%&'"%()*%+,%&+'#(-'./0,%&+*LLJLI?*2K2MRN0** **0*15ZZL6*7S'(><'>$*9='((#(>*'(%*:-'-<:*#(*-F$*8$9'":V#*'(%*@$=#'*_'WV$:W."-F)* $%:0*G#()*#)0'%(',80'2/3@03'F*)/+"#$'"#(-+I*;=..&#(>-.()*eH?*a='B#,')* 23RM5N20* !"AfghV)*Q#='(0*123R46*7OF$*-W.*.PP#,#'=*='(><'>$:*.P*@\$,F.:=.B'V#'D0* i#==#'&*80*a,F&'=:-#$>*'(%*OF.&':*!0*Q'>($")*$%:0*!/&%/"%()*%+,%&' .3/:"0@+' %(' Q70&8/+"/$#6%#<' P*()#3;<' R/@#(%#<' #(-' F*)/+"#$%#0'S/"%#' +"#$%&#*21N6?*NLNMI50** j']%')* a-'(#:k'W0* 15ZZ26* TU7;6' ./"+6%0* ^9.=$?* b(#W$":A-$-* ^9.=:V#)* e(:-A-<-*!#=.=.>##*Y.=:V#$]0*ca$"#$:*?#E(/5+70' -7%0E0' EU;76V5' +W/5%#X+6%&80d* j':9'".B)* ;."#:*Q0* 1234L6*7OF$* ='(><'>$*:#-<'-#.(*'(%*-F$* =#(><#:-#,* 9.=$&#,*#(* &#%U(#($-$$(-FU,$(-<"A*8<::#'D0*8#,,'"%.* Y#,,F#.*'(%* _'"B$A*j.=%T='--)*$%:0*Y+.0&,+'/2',80'!"#$%&'"#()*#)0'Z*0+,%/(I'[/"*@0' \1' 4#+,' !"#$%&I*H$W*_'B$()*@O?*X'=$*@.(,#=#<&*.(*e(-$"('-#.('=* ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 37

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a+cQ! EF&)G'&#! >NN+#F+,!I#+T'&,+)V!_&',,3! 8&"6F;,="-!`TF##'3!?@/02B!CP#!)G'!+#SN*'#<'!FS!)G'!d#LN+,G!N"#L*"L'! F#!D*,,+"#!"#$!_FN+,G-!"#$!d#LN+,G!+#)'&S'&'#<'!+#!)G'!);F! N"#L*"L',!",!,WF='#!F#!)G+,!'1#>"*"?%@ABCDE%F."+),)/*%"*+%)**/9"[ ,)/*%)*%8#"9)2%#),$.",'.$(?%#)*5')(,)2(?%"*+%(,G#)(,)2(H!P))";"Q!R"#"$+"#! %,,F<+")+F#! FS! (N"T+,),-! 0@1A03! ?F6)"+#"6N'! S&FH! 3"*"+)"*% 8#"9/*)2% I"0$.(3B! 8&''#6'&L-!a"&#)&F$*<)+F#J3!a"&/'.*"#% /7% ,4$% (/2)/#/5G% /7% #"*5'"[email protected]!@153!! !!-! '$3! ?@//06B! F4$% (/2)/#)*5')(,)2(% /7% 8#/9$*$3! (W'<+"N! +,,*'! FS! 6*,$.*",)/*"#%>/'.*"#%/7%,4$%(/2)/#/5G%/7%#"*5'"[email protected]! 38 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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`6?T#"( ^759#=47(Q?%648:#"8-( ((-( .IKKY2( 3,487*?"8#( 5$56;848G-( C+#@#$( M"5$R8( #+( 56-'( #98-( !"#$%&' "%(4.%+,%&+'BCCC='D5*'6.,./*'06'!"#$%&'"%(4.%+,%&+'%('E7*/%&#-(F"0++0+(1-( ^@5465%6#( 5+( http://www.seelrc.org/glossos/issues/8/grenoble.pdf'( 658+( 577#88#9(/K(_?$#(IKK0-(( !"4%%6#'( F:5"6#8( a-( ./0J12( 3F*==#$+5";( *$( +:#( b5b#"8( *<( `56*&E#"5( 5$9(V5;6*"G-(c46645=()-(C7:=568+4#&(5$9(B:*=58(M-(O5&$#"'(#98-( !0&%0"%(4.%+,%&' 1/0>"*7+' %(' @G*&50+"0$#<%#H' I.(4#/:H' J07#(%#H' #()' 8.40+"#$%#9(K0"%#'+"#$%&#(/.X2A(H1JL0/-(( !"4=8:5T'(^66#$(,-(./00W2(3B:#(7:5$&4$&(84+?5+4*$(*<( 8*74*64$&?48+47( "#8#5"7:(4$(+:#( <*"=#"(C*@4#+(\$4*$A(^( b#"8*$56("#594$&G-(_#<<"#;( S5"64&(5$9(Fd5%5(Q6e:'(#98-(L5*('-#+,'7*,'L*+,='!0&%0"%(4.%+,%&+'%(' ,5*'60/7*/'+0&%#"%+,'>"0&9(D#"64$A(O*?+*$'(HWLYI-( !?8+5@88*$'(C@#$(5$9(f9#$gR(C+5"h'(#98-(./00Y2(M%(0/%,:'"#(4.#4*+'%(' &*(,/#"'-./01*-(Cb#7456(488?#(*<(N(,*/(#,%0(#"'20./(#"'06',5*'+0&%0"04:'06' "#(4.#4*(/IK-( S5==#"'(]*?48#(D-(./00X52(3B:#(.,%0(+' ,0',5*'*"*$*(,5'N(,*/(#,%0(#"' @0(4/*++' 06' !"#$%+,+H' ;/#,%+"#$#H' E.4.+,P!*1,*7>*/H' QRRSH' "%,*/#,./*H' "%(4.%+,%&+H'10*,%&+-(F*6?=%?8'(ZSA(C65@475'(XKXLK0-( ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 39

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!"#$%&'( )$*+&,+( -.( /01234( 567&( 8!,,9:$+%( ,+%;<+;&=( +%>( ?7&( ,+%;<+;&( @<&A?$"%(+B"%;(?7&(A"(&$;7?C &&%?7(*&%?<:$&AD.(E$**+:>"(F$**7$"(+%>(G+:#&9(H",>I,+??'(&>A.!"#$ %&'(#!)*!(+&!,-./0'!-.123.2&!43&#(0)15!6)-37&!89!:+3;'+!,-./)10'<,)3(+! ,-./0'<=&#(! ,-./0'5(J&K(G+#&%'(L6M(N+,&(L"%*$,$( O:&+( -?<>$&A'( 0P0QRS.( T>.-&!?3##0.1!.1@!&.#(!A3;)%&.1! %3B-0'.(0)1#'(3+.U( !A:+&,$'(O,$%+.(/011S4(5V$A*"<:A&(+%+,9A$A("W(E+'(Z+<:+(O.(/01114(5[7&%*&(#$:$,$?9\(67&(:$A&("W(+(%&K(;&%>&:(>$AC ?$%*?$"%( $%( ?7&( 7$A?":9( "W( -,+#$*D.( )+:;+:&?( )$,,A'( &>.( ,-./0'!2&1@&;! -01230#(0'#5(OBA?&:>+BM(Y"7%(]&%^+B$%A'(_P0Q_2.( ((.(/_PPS4(5L";%$?$#&(,$%;<$A?$*AD.(-?&#&%(`:+%aA(&?(+,.'(&>A.(,-./0'! -01230#(0'#!DEEE9!F+&!*3(3;&!)*!,-./0'!-01230#(0'#!01!"7&;0'..(G-)##)#(2.( O#+$,+I,&( +?( http://www.seelrc.org/glossos/issues/8/janda.pdf'( ,+A?( +**&AA&>(0P(Y<%&(_PP1.(( Y+%$*a$'( b+:",'( &>.( /01214( ,)'0)-01230#(0'#! 01! H)-.1@.( -X&*$+,( $AA<&( "W( I1(&;1.(0)1.-!J)3;1.-!)*!(+&!#)'0)-)2K!)*!-.123.2&(c2.( Y&,+#$*7'(L7+:,&A.(/01214(5J+?$"%+,$AB(+A(:&W,&*?&>($%(?7&(?&d?I""aA("W( ?7&( -".( ,%&'0.-!0##3&!)1!(+&!,)/0&(!B-)'.( :[email protected]!;&/0&L!)*!#(3@0&#!01!1.(0)1.-$ 0#7M?&/3&!'.1.@0&11&!@&#!N(3@&#!#3;!-&!1.(0)1.-0#7&(0S/0Q_4M(0RQe3.(( ((.( /011P4( 5-&:I$+%( %+?$"%+,$AB( +%>( ?7&( L:"+?AM( fg$h=A( $%W,<&%*&("%(-&:I$+%(?&d?I""aAD.(:[email protected]!;&/0&L!)*!#(3@0&#!01!1.(0)1$ .-0#7M?&/3&!'.1.@0&11&!@&#!N(3@&#!#3;!-&!1.(0)1.-0#7&(0c/0Q_4M(e0Q3_.( Y&:B",&%a"'( -#$?,+%+.( /01114( OP;.J01#QP.! 7)/..( iX",&M( j%$K&:A9?&?( iX",Aa$'(!%A?9?( Y"A&X7( `.( b&AA.( /01c24( 5-"*$",$%;<$A?$*( >$B&%A$"%A( "W( :&AX&*?W<,( +>>:&AAM( O( *"BX+:+?$#&( A?<>9( "W( %+?$#&( +%>($BB$;:+%?(L:"+?$+%D.(mI$;%$&K(`",&^&KAa$(&?(+,.'(&>A.(:[email protected]! ')1(;0B3(0)1#! ()! (+&! &02+(+! I1(&;1.(0)1.-! :)12;&##! )*! ,-./0#(#! XY.2;&BZ [J3B-J.1.\!8]^_`9!F;.@0(0)1!.1@!011)/.(0)1!01!,-./0'!-0(&;.(3;&#\!-01230#Z (0'#\!.1@!#(K-0#(0'#.(i??+K+M(L+%+>$+%(OAA"*$+?$"%("W(-,+#$A?A'(0PeQ0S.( /"I?+$%+I,&(W:"B(:[email protected]!,-./)10'!H.%&;#.4( b+;+%( i,;+.( /_PPS4( 5!%?:"><*?$"%n?7&( ,+%;<+;&( %":B( +%>( ,+%;<+;&( +??:$?$"%( W:"B( +( X&>+;";$*+,( X&:AX&*?$#&D.( 6:+*9( G",,"K+9( b$%;( +%>( )+:$+( F",$%Aa9'( &>A.( a:)--&'(0)1! )*! .;(0'-&#! )1! b"7&;0'.1! ?3#$ #0.1cd5(C)3;1.-!)*!,-./0'!-01230#(0'#(03/_4M(0SeQS2.(( ! SLAVIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS IN NORTH AMERICA 41

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`(!V#$,!-.//U1!H#.IJ)G'KLI,!HW&96;!a$+]6'7M%6%!HW&97G+(!b$7%M%5%! X+9&9&:++!^&97G+6c,!d?6'+67!M'G(*N.K#)?K%#G#)GOLKIPN).Q*N%'R.I%&/,e! "&f5%+\(! C#@&*#$,! -./.R1! S$'"'+%I') $-.I*4) G#K%I'T) 2) S0'.*1%,! d.7%! -#D&'%6@1!6@+%+&$;!Z69:'#@6(!./.Rg!J$@!-'6*+76@1!6@+%+&$;!^6%'&:'#@(! ././g!0'@!-'6+7756!&8!.7%!5$'6*+76@1!6@+%+&$;!Z69:'#@6(!./T/e,! "'#@+$&*#(! N#'+7#,! -JKKS1! CU/'+V.) ;$#'&/#?W) 1.X) CN/'+V.) ;$'&+%&#?WT) Y'(4-'4#) 1%#N.) '(?) 5'"%0L) 0'(4-'4#) ;$'&+%&#.) %() A-..%'(:F(40%./) ,%0%(4-'0)5'"%0%#.,!^=,h,!@+776'%#%+&$(!a$+*6'7+%M!&8!3'+i&$#,! "'#F6'(! <='+7%+$#! P,! -.//01! 2N#$:5#:6! +$! 6j+96;! E=6! )#>6@&$+#$7! +$! E&'&$%&(! <#$#@#B,! P'#$! X'#6$G69! #$@! <='+7%+$#! "'#F6'(! 6@7,! Y'(4-'4#)&*(+'&+Z0'(4-'4#)&*(50%&+X!k6]!l&'G;!^6%6'!N#$:(!.OSLU0,! !!,! -JKKR1! 23>>&FF&@#%+$:! @+#96>%! 7W6#G6'7! +$! %=6! >9#77'&&F;! ?&>+&9+$:5+7%+>! #7W6>%7! &8! %6j%D&&G! ]'+%+$:B,! 3'('?%'() 60'1*(%&) ;';#$.@A#1-#)&'('?%#((#)?#.).0'1%.+#.)RT-.LJ1;!O/LSJ,! !!,! -JKKU1! 2A'+%+$:! 7%#$@#'@;! ^'&>677! &8! )#>6@&$+#$! 9#$:5#:6! 7%#$@#'@+i#%+&$B,!3'('?%'()&*(+$%,-+%*(.)+*)+/#)5*-$+##(+/)2(+#$('+%*(7 '0) 3*(4$#..) *5) 60'1%.+.8) [/$%?8) \'&#?*(%'8) ]^^_X! 3'('?%'() 60'1*(%&) ;';#$.@A#1-#)&'('?%#((#)?#.).0'1%.+#.)OK-.LJ1;!0SLO0,!! "'6+$@96'(!b7#D6996(!6@,!-./UJ1!`/#)&/'(4%(4).+'+-.)*5)A-..%'()%()+/#)6*1%#+) a(%*(,! ?W6>+#9! +7756! &8! 2(+#$('+%*('0) G*-$('0) *5) +/#) .*&%*0*4L) *5) 0'(4-'4#!00,! 42 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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email protected]!2.3!^-2.!\4:@B"!-3J+!P0%* +#.1-'(#)*#+*'0%*A$-9#)(&*$('%.-.S*$-)34-3%/I*O.#&%%8()3/*#+*-*&#)+%.%)&%* 0%$8*()*1%1#.S*#+*<#?%.'* >4'S* -)8* >))%* O%))()3'#)*-'* TU+#.8B*VWDD* X4$SB*DEFD7!I4<>;7>J"!KL'!H<2M?/2"!)5(N#+!ZY"J>*A$-9(&*A'48(%/"!##+[! !!+!%#565&!8OB-!:4<-!4A!J4/?4?J@?/J! ?.!@B-!-M4<>@?4.!4A!H<2M?/! ?J@?/! .2@?4.2++-(./B* "#$41?(-* Y)(9%./('SB* ^%:* N#._`+! HD-/?27<-!?JJ>-!4A!a%)%.-$*$()34(/'(&/!#]%X()&+! ,-M?."!_><-J!9+!%#5Y6&!8K.=4?.=!/B2.=-!?.!1>JJ?2.!3?2<-/@J!?.!?J@?/JF+! L-.:?0! `?:.72>;"! -3+! >1%.(&-)* &#)'.(?4'(#)/*'#*'0%*%(30'0*@)'%.)-'(#)-$*"#)3.%//*#+*A$-9(/'/B*b-3.%?*-)8* Jc4?$c-)-B* A%,'%1?%.* GWEB* DE\F7* H#$41%* DI* J()34(/'(&* -)8* ,#%'(&/+! I4<>;7>J"!KL'!H<2M?/2"!**5(]*+! !!+! %X$$)&! 8OB-! T4:@B! H<2M?/(,?@B>2.?2.! /4.@2/@! 2:-2'! G>@>2-./-!2.3!:-J?J@2./-F+!147-:@!Q+!G2=>?:-!2.3!Q<2.!O?;7-:<20-"! -3J+!>1%.(&-)*&#)'.(?4'(#)/*'#*'0%*'0(.'%%)'0*@)'%.)-'(#)-$*"#)3.%//*#+* 44 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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`9$$9?J!a1!234S56!HIJ9!9'=?9+$!&'+#'$?!%V!E9+K%W+%'?#'$!'=!?J9! 8*(B>#! 4'KK>(*)! %V! b*B%=/'&#'N1! c#//#'X! [1! EWJX'/=?#9B! '$G! IJ%X'=! A1! "'B$9+-! 9G=1! 7'4*'8*(B>*)?*4! :;'@8%K)! *(! 6,%45')8'9#$*#E! L>(B#;0E!='K#(*#E!#(&!M>B')8#9*#J!N'8*#!)8#9*4#!32P6:!OYRQR51!! !!1!2345T6!HE9+K%(d+%'?#'$N1!\/9L'$G9+!"1!EWJ9$,9+!'$G!aG<'+G! E?'$,#9<#WZ-!9G=1!O5%!78#9*4!8*?%;#;0!8#(B>#B%)J!^9))*#(! #(&!%#)?!P>;':%#(!:>@8*4#?*'()-!31F! !!1! 2344U6! HIJ9! =%W#%/#$B*#=?#W! =#?*'?#%$! #$! b*B%=/'&#'-! <#?J! =89W#'/! 9X8J'=#=! %$! E9+K%(d+%'?#'$N1! ['$,%! M*B'+=,#! '$G! d9/#'! e'<,9=<%+?J-! 9G=1! F#(B>#B%! :8#((*(B! *(! M>B')8#9*#J!d%/*XK*=-! 7e:!E/'&#W'-!5TQ4U1! ^9G'=J,#&=,'-! \//'1! 2UTTU6! Hd%XX*$#W'?#$B! <#?J! ?J9! 8+9==:! f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g9+?>! G#B/%==##!&!=+9G$9&9,%&$>L!?9,=?'L!8+'&%=/'&$>L!=/'&0'$N1!\/9L'$( G9+!"1!EWJ9$,9+-!9G1!SK%;*4#(!4'(?;*@>?*'()!?'!?5%!?%(?5!A(?%;(#?*'(#8! 48 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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`(3'7*5!.]0SC0"! #2%))2,>75! _%44%! Z"! /9::01! L' )((0' ,+' 0V(' V(%-3&F' 8T%#,+,#+' ,GG,.%#+0&' +$.(0,#0,+.' #' -,0$%#0$' ,3$+0,05"! ;2"<"! ='**%>4(4',75! O'&2'I(7! #4(4%! ?7'@%>*'4A"! #2%@%),@5! 8%,>I%! a"! /.VCC1! W,$' 8T%#,+,&*2$' 7*2%,)0&"%#*2$' @BAX<@A=YP' Z2%$' 1+0V,*T-/+.' /+0$%' 3$G' 1,+)-/[' 3$%' W,#-$T0$"! ['%*G(=%7R! b44,! K(>>(**,M'4Y"! !!"! /.VT:1! D?P>('7'(7J"! ^)%c(7=%>! O"! #&2%7P%>! (7=! 6=M(>=! #4(7P'%M'&Y5!%=*"!R2$'7-#6,*'-,0$%#%5'-#+./#.$&P!d%M!K(@%75!BER!a()%! B,7&')'+3!,7!W74%>7(4',7()!(7=!^>%(!#4+='%*5!.Q0SC:"!e\#-$'H/&&,#+' #+3'$#&0'1/%("$#+'"/?-,*#0,(+&5!."f! !!"! /.VTV1! R2$' 8T%#,+,#+' -#+./#.$' ,+' 02$' ),%&0' 2#-)' ()' 02$' 0V$+0,$02' *$+0/%5' !@A]]<;@CF' Z0&' &0#0$' #+3' &0#0/&"! B(3G>'=I%5! O^R! K(>@(>=! ?7'@%>*'4A!;>%**"!e^#%6#%3'&$%,$&',+'8T%#,+,#+'&0/3,$&"f! #2+A5! U,I%>! ["! /.VVX1! D^! G>'%-! 2'*4,>A! ,-! ^3%>'&(7! *,&',)'7I+'*4'&*5! .VQVSTVJ"!B2>'*4'7(!_>(44!;(+)*4,7!(7=!8"!U'&2(>=!E+&P%>5!%=*"!R2$' $#%-5' 3#5&' ()' &(*,(-,+./,&0,*&F' _$G(%,$&' #+3' %$)-$*0,(+&"! <())(*5! EgR! #+33%>!W7*4'4+4%!,-!\'7I+'*4'&*R!..S09"!e7/GG$%'Z+&0,0/0$'()'S,+./,&M 0,*&9'4/?-,*#0,(+&',+'&(*,(-,+./,&0,*&5!9h!U%$>'74%=!->,3!^,&0(%,(.%#"2,#' -,+./,&0,*#!.X/.S91R!.T0S9:V5!.VV:"f! 54 MARK RICHARD LAUERSDORF

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