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Proefschrift-Van Den Broecke.Indd 1 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Nederlandse Geografische Studies / Netherlands Geographical Studies Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (1570-1641) proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 1 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Nederlandse Geografische Studies / Netherlands Geographical Studies Redactie / Editorial Board Drs. J.G. Borchert (Editor in Chief ) Prof. Dr. J.M.M. van Amersfoort Dr. P.C.J. Druijven Prof. Dr. A.O. Kouwenhoven Prof. Dr. H. Scholten Plaatselijke Redacteuren / Local Editors Dr. R. van Melik, Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht Dr. D.H. Drenth, Faculteit der Managementwetenschappen Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen Dr. P.C.J. Druijven, Faculteit der Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Drs. F.J.P.M. Kwaad, Fysich-Geografisch en Bodemkundig Laboratorium Universiteit van Amsterdam Dr. L. van der Laan, Economisch-Geografisch Instituut Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Dr. J.A. van der Schee, Centrum voor Educatieve Geografie Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Dr. F. Thissen, Afdeling Geografie, Planologie en Internationale Ontwikkelingsstudies Universiteit van Amsterdam Redactie-Adviseurs / Editorial Advisory Board Prof. Dr. G.J. Ashworth, Prof. Dr. P.G.E.F. Augustinus, Prof. Dr. G.J. Borger, Prof. Dr. K. Bouwer, Prof. Dr. J. Buursink, Dr. J. Floor, Prof. Dr. G.A. Hoekveld, Dr. A.C. Imeson, Prof. Dr. J.M.G. Kleinpenning, Dr. W.J. Meester, Prof. Dr. F.J. Ormeling, Prof. Dr. H.F.L. Ottens, Dr. J. Sevink, Dr. W.F. Sleegers, T.Z. Smit, Drs. P.J.M. van Steen, Dr. J.J. Sterkenburg, Drs. H.A.W. van Vianen, Prof. Dr. J. van Weesep ISSN 0169-4839 proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 2 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Netherlands Geographical Studies 380 Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (1570-1641) Characteristics and development of a sample of on verso map texts Marcel Peter René van den Broecke Utrecht 2009 Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 3 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Promotoren: Prof. dr. Á.P. Orbán Prof. dr. E.M.P. van Gemert Co-promotor: Dr. P.C.J. van der Krogt ISBN 978-90-6809-423-7 Graphic design and figures:GeoMedia (Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University) Cover illustration: Marike Stokker Copyright © Marcel van den Broecke Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie of op welke andere wijze dan ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgevers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, by print or photo print, microfilm or any other means, without written permission by the publishers. Printed in the Netherlands by A-D Druk b.v. – Zeist proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 4 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Contents Figures 9 Tables 10 Acknowledgements 13 1 Introduction 15 1.1 Introduction to this study 15 1.2 Ortelius’ introduction to his atlas 19 Notes 24 2 The corpus of map texts and their derivations from Theatrum editions 27 2.1 Editions 27 2.2 Types of text and Ortelius’ knowledge of languages 30 2.3 Individual maps and their texts 32 2.4 Translation procedure 33 2.5 Textual developments after Ortelius’ death 35 2.6 Textual similarity between the various editions and Additamenta 36 2.7 Edition identification for loose maps 37 Notes 39 3 The translations of 10 map texts from all editions in which they occur 41 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2.1 Ort8, Africa 41 3.2.2 Ort18, Scotland 49 3.2.3 Ort58, Low Countries 58 3.2.4 Ort129, Como-Rome-Friuli 65 3.2.5 Ort150, Hungary 74 3.2.6 Ort160, Northern Regions 80 3.2.7 Ort162, Russia 88 3.2.8 Ort166, East Indies 95 3.2.9 Ort211, Ancient Sicily 101 3.2.10 Ort215, Ancient Greece 107 Note 112 4 Text on the map and its relation to its text on verso 113 4.1 Introduction 113 4.2 What text can be found on each map? 113 4.3 Text blocks mentioned or elaborated on in the texts on verso and referrals from texts on verso to text blocks on map plates 114 5 proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 5 6 01 2009 8:13:37 5 Characteristics, developments and transparence of translated map texts 119 5.1 Introduction 119 5.2 Word counts and textual characteristics 119 5.3 Characteristics of text modifications 122 5.3.1 Additions 122 5.3.2 Omissions 123 5.3.3 Replacements 123 5.4 Discussion of scholarly vs. vernacular map texts 132 5.5 Discussion of editions and their development 135 5.5.1 The 1606 English edition 135 5.5.2 The 1608/1612 Italian edition 137 5.5.3 The Spanish editions 137 5.5.4 The German editions 137 5.6 Development of carto-bibliographical sources in the map texts of successive editions 137 5.7 Orthography, nomenclature and transparence of semantic fields in translated 140 map texts 5.7.1 About translation 140 5.8 The transparence of the on verso map text translations 141 5.9 Differences in the text material 143 5.9.1 First word category: Names of carto-bibliographical sources 143 5.9.2 Second word category: Geographical concepts and expressions 144 5.9.3 Third word category: Content words 145 5.9.4 Variations within a language 146 5.10 Analysis of data 146 5.10.1 Africa Ort8 148 5.10.2 Scotland, Ort18 153 5.10.3 Low Countries, Ort58 158 5.10.4 Como, Roma, Friuli, Ort129 161 5.10.5 Hungary, Ort150 162 5.10.6 Northern regions, Ort160 164 5.10.7 Russia, Ort162. 167 5.10.8 East Indies, Ort166 170 5.10.9 Ancient Sicily, Ort211 173 5.10.10 Ancient Greece, Ort215 175 5.11 Results 177 5.11.1 Discussion of the word category Carto-bibliographical Names 177 5.11.2 Discussion of the word category Geographical Names 179 5.11.3 Discussion of the word category Content Words 180 5.12 Conclusions 181 5.12.1 Category 1. Carto-Bibliographical names 181 5.12.2 Category 2. Cartographic Names and Concepts 182 5.12.3 Category 3. Content words 182 Notes 183 6 proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 6 6 01 2009 8:13:37 6 Ortelius’ sources 185 6.1 Introduction 185 6.2 Ortelius’ library 187 6.3 List of authors and references to them, and other names in the 10 map texts analysed 188 6.4 List of authors mentioned in the 10 map texts analysed 190 6.5 Results 215 6.6 Accuracy of references and quotations 217 Notes 220 7 Comparison of Ortelius’ map texts with those of his contemporaries and successors 223 7.1 Introduction 223 7.2 Comparison between the map texts written by De Jode and Ortelius 223 7.2.1 Text blocks on the maps 225 7.2.2 Size & appearance 225 7.2.3 Contents 225 7.2.4 Cyprus-Creta texts compared 225 7.2.5 Similarities 228 7.2.6 Differences 229 7.2.7 Europe texts compared 229 7.2.8 Style 232 7.2.9 Similarities 232 7.2.10 Differences 233 7.2.11 References 233 7.2.12 Conclusion 234 7.3 Comparison between the map texts written by Bouguereau and Ortelius 234 7.3.1 Poitou texts compared 235 7.4 Comparison between the map texts written by Mercator and Ortelius 238 7.4.1 Similarities between the on verso texts by Mercator and Ortelius 242 7.4.2 Dissimilarities between the on verso texts by Mercator and Ortelius 243 7.5 Comparison between the map texts written by Hondius/Janssonius and Ortelius 244 7.5.1 Europe texts compared 244 7.5.2 Ancient Greece texts compared 248 7.6 Comparison between the on verso texts written by Blaeu and Ortelius 252 7.6.1 Low Countries texts compared 252 7.6.2 Brabant texts compared 255 7.6.3 Namur texts compared 259 7.6.4 Texts of Namur (again) compared 263 7.7 Conclusions of the comparison of Ortelius map texts with those of his contemporaries and successors 266 Notes 267 8 Conclusions 269 7 proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 7 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Summary 279 Samenvatting 281 References in this study 283 Ortelius bibliography (with occasional comments) 287 Appendix 1 Digital images of all maps and texts referred to in Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 299 Curriculum Vitae 300 Stellingen 301 8 proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 8 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Figures 2.1 Relatedness of text and number of copies printed for all atlas editions and 36 additamenta. The vertical axis represents time, bar-length indicates number of copies printed 5.1 Relatedness of text and number of copies printed for all atlas editions and 122 additamenta. The vertical axis represents time, bar-length indicates number of copies printed 5.2 Number of new carto-bibliographic sources introduced in each edition 138 5.3 Cumulative number of carto-bibliographic sources over successive editions 140 5.4 Merged results over 10 map texts for the category. Carto-bibliographical Names 177 5.5 Merged results over 10 map texts for the word category Geographical Names 179 and Concepts 5.6 Merged results over 10 map texts for the word category Content Words. 180 7.1 Mercator’s contribution to Ortelius’ Album Amicorum 241 7.2 Coins presented in Ortelius’ Parergon texts of Ancient France according to 262 Caesar (Ort194), followed by the copies of these coins presented in Blaeu’s map texts 9 proefschrift-van den Broecke.indd 9 6 01 2009 8:13:37 Tables 2.1 Survey of atlas editions used for translation of their map texts 28 2.2 Inventory of 10 selected atlas maps occurring over all editions with period of 32 their usage, number of editions in which each map is included and number of text templates (about which more below) for each map 4.1 Schematic representation of a double folio map sheet divided into 15 labelled 114 areas indicative of the location of place names on a map 4.2 Inventory of maps and their text blocks 115 5.1 Word count of 10 map texts as a function of edition (earliest/latest) and text 120 version (scholarly/vernacular) 5.2 Distribution of modifications as a function of type and time for the scholarly 124 map texts of Africa 5.3 Distribution of modifications as a function of type and time for the vernacular 124 map texts of Africa 5.4 Distribution of modifications
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