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The History of Cartography, Volume 3 THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY VOLUME THREE Volume Three Editorial Advisors Denis E. Cosgrove Richard Helgerson Catherine Delano-Smith Christian Jacob Felipe Fernández-Armesto Richard L. Kagan Paula Findlen Martin Kemp Patrick Gautier Dalché Chandra Mukerji Anthony Grafton Günter Schilder Stephen Greenblatt Sarah Tyacke Glyndwr Williams The History of Cartography J. B. Harley and David Woodward, Founding Editors 1 Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean 2.1 Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies 2.2 Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies 2.3 Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific Societies 3 Cartography in the European Renaissance 4 Cartography in the European Enlightenment 5 Cartography in the Nineteenth Century 6 Cartography in the Twentieth Century THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY VOLUME THREE Cartography in the European Renaissance PART 1 Edited by DAVID WOODWARD THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS • CHICAGO & LONDON David Woodward was the Arthur H. Robinson Professor Emeritus of Geography at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2007 by the University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2007 Printed in the United States of America 1615141312111009080712345 Set ISBN-10: 0-226-90732-5 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90732-1 (cloth) Part 1 ISBN-10: 0-226-90733-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90733-8 (cloth) Part 2 ISBN-10: 0-226-90734-1 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90734-5 (cloth) Editorial work on The History of Cartography is supported in part by grants from the Division of Preservation and Access of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Geography and Regional Science Program and Science and Society Program of the National Science Foundation, independent federal agencies. For a complete list of financial supporters, see pages vii–x of part 1. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Application has been made for CIP data from the Library of Congress.) Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in The History of Cartography are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the agencies that provided financial support. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences– Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48–1992. Financial Support Federal Agencies Division of Preservation and Access of the National Endowment for the Humanities Geography and Regional Science Program and Science and Society Program of the National Science Foundation Foundations and Institutions Balzekas Family Foundation, Ltd. The Muriel and Norman B. Leventhal Family The Barra Foundation Foundation, Inc.‡ Biblioteka Uniwersytecka, Wrociaw The Rand McNally Foundation The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Andrew W. Mellon Foundation The Diebold Foundation Jack Ringer Family Foundation The Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation Salus Mundi Foundation Geography Knowledge Fund in the Idaho Community Dorothy, Louis, Susan, and Richard Sigel Family Fund Foundation The Hermon Dunlap Smith Center for the History Ironwood Foundation of Cartography, The Newberry Library Organizations and Corporations 1000 Friends of Wisconsin‡ Christopher Columbus Museum Philadelphia Print Shop Richard B. Arkway, Inc., and Cohen Coventry Village of Wisconsin Limited The Rocky Mountain Map Society and Taliaferro, LLC Partnership* Sarah Slobin and staff of the New York Association of Canadian Map Libraries ESRI Times Graphics and Maps and Archives Het Fluitschip/Vermeulen, A. C. J. Department‡ Aster Publishing Corporation Map Society of Wisconsin Society for the History of Discoveries‡ Boston Map Society, Harvard Map Martayan, Lan, Augustyn, Inc. 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