DOCSLIB.ORG

Indian Languages of Mexico and Central America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indian Languages of Mexico and Central America ‘ smm s o n un I N S T I T U T I O N BUR E A U O F A M E R IC A N E THNOL OG Y BU L L E T IN 4 4 INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION CYR US THOMAS A S S IS T E D B Y H JO N R . SWA NT O N A C C O M PA N I E D W I T H A L I N G U I S T I C W A S HIN G T O N GO VE R N M E NT PR IN T IN G O F F IC E 1 91 1 PR E F A T O R Y NO TE w r h e M . P ll e t e Abo ut th e ea 1895 a . o e a y r j J W , Dir cto of Bur u er a hn e er e th e e ara a of Am ic n Et ology , d t min d on pr p tion of linguistic ma a a t er a th e e a ar p of th t p rt of Nor h Am ic south of M xic n bound y , having in view th e extension southward of th e classification an d map r r D r . ping o f th e linguistic families north of that bo de . Cyrus Thomas w as assigned th e t ask of assembling th e preliminary d ata an d th e pre p a a a e ma th e ea a r e e r r tion of sk tch p , but d th of M jo Pow ll b fo e the e ear h ad a e fin a a e an d th e a e r s ch ssum d l sh p , ssignm nt to Doctor a e e r e a e e a th e Thom s of mor urg nt wo k , n cessit t d d l y in comple D r . th e a e a 1908 . a e . a tion until l tt r p rt of At th t tim J R Sw nton , who h ad entered on a study of th e languages of th e tribes of the e i a e an d th e l a e a e ere e low r M ssissippi v ll y Gu f co st , b c m int st d in the a fi a ri e o f mi er a an d linguistic cl ssi c tion of the t b s ddle Am ic , on the joint suggestion of Doctors Thomas an d Swanton copies of th e map were prep ared an d submitted to a number of students who h ad devoted attention to the langu ages an d ethn ology of Mexico an d e ra e a r an d a e e C nt l Am ric , soliciting c iticism m king inquiry r sp cting e th e advisability of publication at this stage . Th following anthro o lo i : D r . s ts re e fu ni hi a a e a a . a a p g spond d , r s ng v lu bl d t Dr C rl S pper , D r a r F . D . r e er . e er a r . n e A L K o b , Dr Fr d ick St r , Nicol s Leo , H itti r a d e o zz n e . A l s e a . T er e a a e F br g , Dr A M , S or Fr ncisco B lm r , Dr l n r n r a a d D r . ra a . e a d a n s e Hrd ick , F nz Bo s Co r ctions dditio w e a e a a wi e f ere r th e m d in ccord nce th some of the sugg stions o f d , b inging fi e e re classi cation an d th e map as nearly to date as possible . Th s sults are ed as a fin a as an a re re now submitt , not l work , but ttempt to p sent the present state o f knowledge regarding a subj ect which may e er be e e r n v cl ar d enti ely of obscurity . O L M E S C hie W . H . H , f J 2 19 09 . UNE , 2 9 0 4 42 C O NT E NT S Zo e an d T epah ue T epehuan A caxee . C o ra Huicho l T e ecan o T eule C a eau an d T ecuexe p , , z , N ames o f tribes in n o rthw es tern Mexico n o t co ns idered s eparately Lagun eros Zacateco G uachichile Th e term C hichimeca T amaulipeco . Piso n e an d Jan ambre Names o f tribes in n o rtheastern Mexico no t co n sidered s eparately O to mi Pame . C uitlateco VI C O N T ENT S Mexico — C o n tin ued A mis hgo C hatin o Mazateco C uicateco C hin an tec T h e Mixtec an d Zapo tec lan guages co mpared C ho n tal . Huave . x Mi e . Zo que . C en tral A merica C hiapan ec . C ho n tal (o f T abas co ) Jacalteca C huj e A ch is m M a . Ixil . A guacateca Kiche . C akchikel T zutuhil Us pan teca Kekchi . Po ko n chi Po ko mam C O NT ENT S VII — C en tral A merica C o n tin ued . Rama . Mo s quito ‘ G en era l remarks o n th e tribes o f ( o s ta Rica Vo to . Suerre Quepo T alaman ca Sigua . Do ras kean tribes G uaymie C una E thn ic dividin g lin e betw een N o rth an d So uth A meric a Biblio graphy In ex o f n us t c am es tr es an d s ett eme n ts d li g i i f ili , ib , l IL L UST R A T IO N ‘ Lin guis tic map o f Mexic o an d ( en tral A meric a at en d IND IA N LA NG UA G E S O F M E X IC O A ND C E NTR A L A M E R IC A By CYR US THO M AS S A N T N A ss is ted by JO HN R . W O INTR OD UCTION Th e n arrative portion of this bulletin is devoted to a statement of th e authority on which th e establishment of the linguistic areas indi ’ c ated th e a a ma e a th e r er ea s on ccomp nying p r sts , long with w it s r son F fo r a e a an d e e er . o r e dopting c rtain n mes r j cting oth s M xico , ’ r e a ma an d are ed as a a an d O ozco y B rr s p conclusions us b sis , it l be th e i a a r e far as a e wil found , though orig n l utho iti s , so cc ssible , a e ee e a i e a e e h as ee as few an d h v b n x m n d , th t th r b n occ ion for but a r w s a ar comparatively slight changes . This utho ity a not only f mili all th e r s ear an d a e a e a h ad with of wo k , ly l t , be ring on this subj ct th t ee l e his e a s h ad a e b n pub ish d up to tim , but he l o ccess to num rous unpublished documents . e e e wi l are e u a e As th s not s l show , there some oth r ling istic n m s h e th e e e e are e e e a a e th e whic , in vi w of vid nc , ntitl d p rh ps to pl c s on ma h as ee ere e e ere er p , but it b n consid d b st to omit th m wh v much h e an d er a e . as ee doubt xists It b n found impossibl , p h ps it will a a re a d a e the a e area h the lw ys m in so , to in ic t sm ll r linguistic s wit in Th a s in r an a a d ard . e a a m jor stock confo mity with y bsolute st n M y n , a e a Z ea an d a th e a a a s are th e nl Z pot c n , oqu n , p rt of N hu tl n stock o y e a a ri rea e hi a er on s which could be s tisf cto ly t t d in t s m nn , but it must be remembered that many others would be found to have similar sub r h divisions were data available .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Copyright by Susan Smythe Kung 2007
    Copyright by Susan Smythe Kung 2007 The Dissertation Committee for Susan Smythe Kung Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: A Descriptive Grammar of Huehuetla Tepehua Committee: Nora C. England, Supervisor Carlota S. Smith Megan Crowhurst Anthony C. Woodbury Paulette Levy James K. Watters A Descriptive Grammar of Huehuetla Tepehua by Susan Smythe Kung, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2007 Dedication For the Tepehua people of Huehuetla, Hidalgo, Mexico, and especially for Nicolás. If it were not for their friendship and help, I never would have begun this dissertation. If it were not for their encouragement of me, as well as their commitment to my project, I never would have finished it. Acknowledgements My first and largest debt of gratitude goes to all of the speakers of Huehuetla Tepehua who contributed in some way to this grammar. Without them, this volume would not exist. I want to thank the Vigueras family, in particular, for taking me into their home and making me a part of their family: don Nicolás, his wife doña Fidela, their children Nico, Tonio, Mari, Carmelo, Martín, Lupe, and Laurencio, and their daughter-in-law Isela. Not only do I have a home here in the U.S., but I also have a home in Huehuetla with them. There was also the extended family, who lived in the same courtyard area and who also took me in and gave me free access to their homes and their lives: don Nicolás’ mother doña Angela, his two brothers don Laurencio and don Miguel, their wives doña Fidela and doña Juana, and all of their children.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Clauses in Upper Necaxa Totonac: Local, Comparative, and Diachronic Perspectives1
    Relative clauses in Upper Necaxa Totonac: Local, comparative, and diachronic perspectives1 David Beck University of Alberta Relativization strategies in the Totonacan family are largely undescribed, but detailed examination of one of the languages in the group, Upper Necaxa Totonac, reveals the presence of both externally- and internally-headed relative constructions. Also of note is the presence of relativizers that mark the animacy (human/non-human) of the head of the relative construction. This paper will show that, while phylogenetic evidence clearly demonstrates the relativizers to be descended diachronically from interrogative pronouns, they are best treated synchronically as complementizers, an analysis that follows directly from the presence of internally-headed relative constructions. Totonacan languages are spoken by approximately 240,000 people (INEGI 2010) living in an area of east-central Mexico centred on northern Puebla State and including adjacent parts of Hidalgo and Veracruz (see Figure 1; languages dealt with directly in this paper are shown in red). The family is generally considered an isolate; however, recent work has suggested links to Mixe-Zoque (Brown et al. 2011) and Chitimacha (Brown et al. 2014). Although the family has only recently become the object of serious investigation and description, the focus has been largely on its (admittedly spectacular) morphology; little has been written about syntax, and even less about the structure of complex clauses. Relative clauses in particular seem to have been given short shrift—which is surprising, given that from what we do know about them they seem to have some unusual properties. Consider the example in (1) from Upper Necaxa Totonac, the language for which we currently have the most data on relativization:2 1 I would like to thank my consultants in Patla and Chicontla, especially Porfirio Sampayo Macín and Longino Barragán Sampayo, for their help putting this paper together.
    [Show full text]
  • Sandawe : SOV : Khoisan 3 : Qxu^
    SI1. Word Order in the World's Languages 1 : Hadza : SVO : Khoisan 2 : Sandawe : SOV : Khoisan 3 : Qxu^ : SVO : Khoisan: Northern 4 : ǂAu.//e^ : SVO : Khoisan: Northern 5 : Maligo : SVO : Khoisan: Northern 6 : Ekoka : SVO : Khoisan: Northern 7 : Nama : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Nama 8 : Dama : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Nama 9 : !Ora : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Nama 10 : Xiri : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Nama 11 : Hai.n//um : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Hai.n//um 12 : Kwadi : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Kwadi 13 : G//abake : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northeast 14 : Kwee : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northeast 15 : Ganade : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: North-Central 16 : Shua : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: North-Central 17 : Danisin : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: North-Central 18 : Deti : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Central 19 : Kxoe : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Central 20 : Buka : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest 21 : Handa : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest 22 : Xu^ : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest 23 : G//ana : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest 24 : G/wi : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest 25 : Naron : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest 26 : G//ani : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest 27 : N/hain.tse : SOV : Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest 28 : !O^ : SVO : Khoisan: Southern: Ta'a 29 : ǂHu^ : SVO : Khoisan: Southern: Ta'a 30 : N/amani : SVO : Khoisan: Southern: Ta'a 31 : //Ng.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Clauses in Upper Necaxa Totonac
    Typologie aréale et stratégies de relativisation Session: "Relative clauses and areal typology in American Indian languages" Relative clauses in David Beck Upper Necaxa Totonac University of Alberta SEDYL/CNRS/IRD/INALCO Totonacan relative clauses ❖ Upper Necaxa Totonac (UNT) RCs as described in Beck (2004) look pretty dull ❖ externally-headed or headless, gapped argument inside the clause ❖ possible for all ranks on the Accessibility Hierarchy ❖ introduced by a relativizer that distinguishes animacy (human/non-human) ❖ relativizer has some properties of relative pronouns, but behaves more like a complementizer ❖ but, an expanded corpus and a little elicitation work shows that UNT ❖ has rigid predicate-initial ordering (rigid anything is interesting in Totonacan) ❖ allows both internally- and externally-headed RCs ❖ the comparative Totonacan data is incomplete, but it seems that ❖ only Central Totonacan languages have the animacy distinction ❖ Central Totonacan relativizers are related to pan-Totonacan interrogative pronouns ❖ this suggests some things about the Upper Necaxa relativizers ❖ pronoun-like properties reflect diachrony, but ❖ the presence of internally-headed constructions means synchronically they are complementizers Totonacan languages ❖ approx. 253,000 speakers ❖ divided into two branches: Totonac and Tepehua ❖ 3 Tepehua languages: Pisaflores, Tlachichilco, Huehuetla ❖ Totonac has 2 main divisions: Misantla and Central ❖ Central consists of Northern, Sierra, and Lowland ❖ attention has been previously focused on morphology
    [Show full text]
  • Young Speakers of Mexican Indigenous Languages: Contesting Language Ideologies and Policies
    Young speakers of Mexican indigenous languages: contesting language ideologies and policies Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Lucia Tina Brandi August 2018 1 Declaration This work is original and has not been submitted previously in support of any degree, qualification or course All sentences and passages quoted from published sources have been specifically acknowledged by referencing to author, work and page(s). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lucia Brandi 2 Abstract Young speakers of Mexican indigenous languages: contesting language ideologies and policies In Mexico, the institutionalisation of language rights is reconfiguring discourses of indigeneity. Cultural and linguistic diversity are increasingly reframed as national patrimony, and generic notions of indigeneity firmly embedded into national identity. While such discourses coincide with global concern at language endangerment, they are better contextualised as policy responses to social unrest which, from the late 20th century onwards, has been effective in instrumentalising linguistic and cultural identity as a mobilising factor. This study is set in the highlands of central Mexico, in a stronghold of indigenous Totonac language and culture, and moreover, with a unique and recent history of social and cultural mobilisation. The study deconstructs prevailing language ideologies and policies, and analyses how local language management,
    [Show full text]
  • Emphasis Harmony in Arabic: a Critical Assessment of Feature-Geometric and Optimality-Theoretic Approaches
    languages Review Emphasis Harmony in Arabic: A Critical Assessment of Feature-Geometric and Optimality-Theoretic Approaches Hussein Al-Bataineh Department of Linguistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3S7, Canada; [email protected] Received: 23 July 2019; Accepted: 17 October 2019; Published: 21 October 2019 Abstract: This overview article examines vowel-consonant harmony, specifically emphatic harmony (also referred to as pharyngealization, velarization, or uvularization), which is found in Semitic languages. It provides a comprehensive overview of emphasis harmony in Arabic dialects from feature-geometric and optimality-theoretic perspectives. From the feature geometric account, emphatic consonants are considered as a natural class within the guttural group that has the [pharyngeal] or [RTR] ‘retracted tongue root’ feature. This view has been questioned and challenged recently by some researchers who argue for the exclusion of emphatics from the guttural group. The different arguments discussed in this paper show that researchers cannot reach a consensus regarding which consonants belong to the guttural group and which features are shared between these consonants. This paper shows that studies adopting an optimality-theoretic perspective provide a more comprehensive view of emphasis harmony and its fundamental aspects, namely, directional spreading and blocking, spread from secondary emphatic /r/ and labialization. However, this paper reaches two main conclusions. Firstly, unlike feature geometry, optimality theory can provide a clearer picture of emphasis harmony in an accurate and detailed way, which does not only clarify the process in one Arabic dialect but also describe the differences between dialects due to the merit of (re)ranking of constraints. Secondly, emphasis harmony is different from one Arabic dialect to another regarding its direction, involvement of emphatic /r/, and labialization.
    [Show full text]
  • 173 the Challenge of Olfactory Ideophones
    THE CHALLENGE OF OLFACTORY IDEOPHONES: RECONSIDERING INEFFABILITY FROM THE TOTONAC-TEPEHUA PERSPECTIVE 1 CAROLYN O’MEARA SUSAN SMYTHE KUNG NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF MEXICO UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN ASIFA MAJID UNIVERSITY OF YORK Olfactory impressions are said to be ineffable, but little systematic exploration has been done to substantiate this. We explored olfactory language in Huehuetla Tepehua—a Totonac- Tepehua language spoken in Hidalgo, Mexico—which has a large inventory of ideophones, words with sound-symbolic properties used to describe perceptuomotor experiences. A multi-method study found Huehuetla Tepehua has 45 olfactory ideophones, illustrating intriguing sound-symbolic alternation patterns. Elaboration in the olfactory domain is not unique to this language; related Totonac-Tepehua languages also have impressive smell lexicons. Comparison across these languages shows olfactory and gustatory terms overlap in interesting ways, mirroring the physiology of smelling and tasting. However, although cognate taste terms are formally similar, olfactory terms are less so. We suggest the relative instability of smell vocabulary in comparison with those of taste likely results from the more varied olfactory experiences caused by the mutability of smells in different environments. [KEYWORDS: Ideophones, Tepehua, Totonac, olfaction, depiction, comparative method] 1 This project was jointly conceived by the three authors as part of the NWO VICI “Human Olfaction at the Intersection of Language, Culture, and Biology” project 277-70-011 (PI Majid), which also provided funding. Novel data were collected by O’Meara and Kung in August 2014 in Huehuetla, Hidalgo, Mexico. Kung provided further invaluable expertise on Huehuetla Tepehua gleaned from years of prior research. All authors contributed to the writing of the paper, with O’Meara taking the lead role.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mesoamerican Indian Languages Cambridge Language Surveys
    THE MESOAMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES CAMBRIDGE LANGUAGE SURVEYS General Editors: W. Sidney Allen, B. Comrie, C. J. Fillmore, E. J. A. Henderson, F. W. Householder, R. Lass, J. Lyons, R. B. Le Page, P. H. Matthews, F. R. Palmer, R. Posner, J. L. M. Trim This series offers general accounts of all the major language families of the world. Some volumes are organized on a purely genetic basis, others on a geographical basis, whichever yields the most convenient and intelligible grouping in each case. Sometimes, as with the Australian volume, the two in any case coincide. Each volume compares and contrasts the typological features of the languages it deals with. It also treats the relevant genetic relationships, historical development, and sociolinguistic issues arising from their role and use in the world today. The intended readership is the student of linguistics or general linguist, but no special knowledge of the languages under consideration is assumed. Some volumes also have a wider appeal, like those on Australia and North America, where the future of the languages and their speakers raises important social and political issues. Already published: The languages of Australia R. M. W. Dixon The languages of the Soviet Union Bernard Comrie Forthcoming titles include: Japanese/Korean M. Shibatani and Ho-min Sohn Chinese J. Norman and Mei Tsu-lin S. E. Asia J. A. Matisoff Dravidian R. E. Asher Austronesian R. Blust Afro-Asiatic R. Hetzron North American Indian W. Chafe Slavonic R. Sussex Germanic R. Lass Celtic D. MacAulay et al. Indo-Aryan C. P. Masica Balkans 7. Ellis Creole languages J.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference on the Languages and Linguistics of Middle and Central America
    Conference on the Languages and Linguistics of Middle and Central America David Beck Totonacan University of Alberta Totonacan family ❖ approx. 253,000 speakers ❖ divided into two branches: Totonac and Tepehua ❖ 3 Tepehua languages: ❖ Pisaflores ❖ Tlachichilco ❖ Huehuetla ❖ Totonac has traditionally has 4 divisions ❖ Misantla ❖ Northern ❖ Sierra ❖ Lowland ❖ number of languages in divisions is unknown Typological profile ❖ highly agglutinative or polysynthetic languages ḭškinkaːtateːliːšʔonḭkṵtumːʔːnampaláːn ḭš– kin– kaː– ta– teː– liː– šʔó –nḭ –kṵtún –mː –ʔː –nan –palá –yaː –n PAST– 1OBJ– PL.OBJ– 3PL.SUB– PATH– INST– pay –BEN –DSD –PROG –TOT –ST.PL –RPT –IMPF –2OBJ ‘They didn’t want to be coming by and paying us all (they owed us) again because of that.’ ❖ constituent order very flexible, governed by information structure ❖ unmarked VS & VO (as per Dryer 1997) ❖ nominative/accusative alignment, no nominal cases ❖ prefixal numeral classifiers, transnumeral nouns ❖ one to no adpositions, body part terms used as locatives ❖ body part prefixes used on verbs to express locative and configurational meanings ❖ valency regulated by multiple causatives and applicatives ❖ agreement with subject and one or two objects Current issues ❖ field has reached the critical mass for the beginning of bitter internecine warfare ❖ there are almost 10 of us ❖ currently, there is a lot of discussion around ❖ internal reconstruction ❖ Totonac internal relations ❖ glottalic features in proto-Totonacan ❖ primary and symmetrical objects Totonac internal relations ❖ Tot is often split into 4 symmetrical groups Central Totonac ❖ but division Misantla vs. others is stark ❖ phonological, morphological, lexical evidence ❖ Brown et al. (2011) propose Central group ❖ within Central, different sources suggest different sub-groupings ❖ Northern-Sierra vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages — Part 3: Alpha-3 Code for Comprehensive Coverage of Languages
    © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved ISO TC 37/SC 2 N 292 Date: 2003-08-29 ISO/CD 639-3 ISO TC 37/SC 2/WG 1 Secretariat: ON Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages Codes pour la représentation de noms de langues ― Partie 3: Code alpha-3 pour un traitement exhaustif des langues Warning This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard. Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. Document type: International Standard Document subtype: Document stage: (30) Committee Stage Document language: E C:\Documents and Settings\여동희\My Documents\작업파일\ISO\Korea_ISO_TC37\심의문서\심의중문서\SC2\N292_TC37_SC2_639-3 CD1 (E) (2003-08-29).doc STD Version 2.1 ISO/CD 639-3 Copyright notice This ISO document is a working draft or committee draft and is copyright-protected by ISO. While the reproduction of working drafts or committee drafts in any form for use by participants in the ISO standards development process is permitted without prior permission from ISO, neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written permission from ISO. Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed as shown below or to ISO's member body in the country of the requester: [Indicate the full address, telephone number, fax number, telex number, and electronic mail address, as appropriate, of the Copyright Manger of the ISO member body responsible for the secretariat of the TC or SC within the framework of which the working document has been prepared.] Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • Totonac-Tepehua Genetic Relationships*
    AMERINDIA N°37(2) 2015, 121-158 Totonac-Tepehua Genetic Relationships* Carolyn J. MACKAY & Frank R. TRECHSEL Ball State University [email protected] & [email protected] The languages which comprise the Totonac-Tepehua language family are spoken in central Mexico in a region that includes parts of three states - southern Hidalgo, northern Puebla, and northwestern Veracruz. Traditionally, these languages have been divided into two groups: Totonac, with approximately 244,033 speakers, and Tepehua, with about 8,868 speakers (INEGI-Censo 2010). Each of these branches has been further sub-divided into four and three groups, respectively. The family tree in Figure 1 below recapitulates hypotheses by Arana Osnaya 1953; García Rojas 1978; Hasler 1966; MacKay 1991, 2011; MacKay & Trechsel 2006, 2012, in press; McQuown 1940, 1990; Smith-Stark 1983; Watters 1988; and others. Despite the popularity of this classification, it has never been rigorously defended. Linguists have been content with a classificatory scheme based, primarily, on comparison of the limited lexical data available and on the relative geographic locations of the languages involved and not on any formal and explicit grammatical analysis. Lack of data from many * We are grateful to the following institutions which have supported our fieldwork in Mexico: National Endowment for the Humanities (DEL PD-50016), Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI), National Science Foundation (Grant No. BCS-0132293), Endangered Language Fund, Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. (FAMSI), Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (Grants No. 4720 and 5498), and Ball State University. We also want to thank our fellow Totonaquistas (especially Gabriela Román Lobato, José Santiago Francisco and Susan Kung), who have been very generous with their data, and the many Totonac and Tepehua speakers who have helped us over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Issues and Local Language Literacy Practices in Two Rural Communities of Mexico
    Landscapes of Literacy: Global Issues and Local Language Literacy Practices in Two Rural Communities of Mexico Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Watters, Juanita L. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 01:36:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216951 LANDSCAPES OF LITERACY: GLOBAL ISSUES AND LOCAL LANGUAGE LITERACY PRACTICES IN TWO RURAL COMMUNITIES OF MEXICO by Juanita L Watters ____________________ Copyright © Juanita L Watters 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF TEACHING, LEARNING AND SOCIOCULTURAL STUDIES For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN LANGUAGE, READING AND CULTURE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2011 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Juanita L Watters entitled Landscapes of Literacy: Global Issues and Local Language Literacy Practices in Two Rural Communities of Mexico and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3/24/2011 Perry Gilmore _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3/24/2011 Richard Ruiz _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3/24/2011 Norma Gonzalez _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3/24/2011 Iliana Reyes Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College.
    [Show full text]