‘ smm s o n un I N S T I T U T I O N BUR E A U O F A M E R IC A N E THNOL OG Y BU L L E T IN 4 4 INDIAN LANGUAGES OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION CYR US THOMAS A S S IS T E D B Y H JO N R . SWA NT O N A C C O M PA N I E D W I T H A L I N G U I S T I C W A S HIN G T O N GO VE R N M E NT PR IN T IN G O F F IC E 1 91 1 PR E F A T O R Y NO TE w r h e M . P ll e t e Abo ut th e ea 1895 a . o e a y r j J W , Dir cto of Bur u er a hn e er e th e e ara a of Am ic n Et ology , d t min d on pr p tion of linguistic ma a a t er a th e e a ar p of th t p rt of Nor h Am ic south of M xic n bound y , having in view th e extension southward of th e classification an d map r r D r . ping o f th e linguistic families north of that bo de . Cyrus Thomas w as assigned th e t ask of assembling th e preliminary d ata an d th e pre p a a a e ma th e ea a r e e r r tion of sk tch p , but d th of M jo Pow ll b fo e the e ear h ad a e fin a a e an d th e a e r s ch ssum d l sh p , ssignm nt to Doctor a e e r e a e e a th e Thom s of mor urg nt wo k , n cessit t d d l y in comple D r . th e a e a 1908 . a e . a tion until l tt r p rt of At th t tim J R Sw nton , who h ad entered on a study of th e languages of th e tribes of the e i a e an d th e l a e a e ere e low r M ssissippi v ll y Gu f co st , b c m int st d in the a fi a ri e o f mi er a an d linguistic cl ssi c tion of the t b s ddle Am ic , on the joint suggestion of Doctors Thomas an d Swanton copies of th e map were prep ared an d submitted to a number of students who h ad devoted attention to the langu ages an d ethn ology of Mexico an d e ra e a r an d a e e C nt l Am ric , soliciting c iticism m king inquiry r sp cting e th e advisability of publication at this stage . Th following anthro o lo i : D r . s ts re e fu ni hi a a e a a . a a p g spond d , r s ng v lu bl d t Dr C rl S pper , D r a r F . D . r e er . e er a r . n e A L K o b , Dr Fr d ick St r , Nicol s Leo , H itti r a d e o zz n e . A l s e a . T er e a a e F br g , Dr A M , S or Fr ncisco B lm r , Dr l n r n r a a d D r . ra a . e a d a n s e Hrd ick , F nz Bo s Co r ctions dditio w e a e a a wi e f ere r th e m d in ccord nce th some of the sugg stions o f d , b inging fi e e re classi cation an d th e map as nearly to date as possible . Th s sults are ed as a fin a as an a re re now submitt , not l work , but ttempt to p sent the present state o f knowledge regarding a subj ect which may e er be e e r n v cl ar d enti ely of obscurity . O L M E S C hie W . H . H , f J 2 19 09 . UNE , 2 9 0 4 42 C O NT E NT S Zo e an d T epah ue T epehuan A caxee . C o ra Huicho l T e ecan o T eule C a eau an d T ecuexe p , , z , N ames o f tribes in n o rthw es tern Mexico n o t co ns idered s eparately Lagun eros Zacateco G uachichile Th e term C hichimeca T amaulipeco . Piso n e an d Jan ambre Names o f tribes in n o rtheastern Mexico no t co n sidered s eparately O to mi Pame . C uitlateco VI C O N T ENT S Mexico — C o n tin ued A mis hgo C hatin o Mazateco C uicateco C hin an tec T h e Mixtec an d Zapo tec lan guages co mpared C ho n tal . Huave . x Mi e . Zo que . C en tral A merica C hiapan ec . C ho n tal (o f T abas co ) Jacalteca C huj e A ch is m M a . Ixil . A guacateca Kiche . C akchikel T zutuhil Us pan teca Kekchi . Po ko n chi Po ko mam C O NT ENT S VII — C en tral A merica C o n tin ued . Rama . Mo s quito ‘ G en era l remarks o n th e tribes o f ( o s ta Rica Vo to . Suerre Quepo T alaman ca Sigua . Do ras kean tribes G uaymie C una E thn ic dividin g lin e betw een N o rth an d So uth A meric a Biblio graphy In ex o f n us t c am es tr es an d s ett eme n ts d li g i i f ili , ib , l IL L UST R A T IO N ‘ Lin guis tic map o f Mexic o an d ( en tral A meric a at en d IND IA N LA NG UA G E S O F M E X IC O A ND C E NTR A L A M E R IC A By CYR US THO M AS S A N T N A ss is ted by JO HN R . W O INTR OD UCTION Th e n arrative portion of this bulletin is devoted to a statement of th e authority on which th e establishment of the linguistic areas indi ’ c ated th e a a ma e a th e r er ea s on ccomp nying p r sts , long with w it s r son F fo r a e a an d e e er . o r e dopting c rtain n mes r j cting oth s M xico , ’ r e a ma an d are ed as a a an d O ozco y B rr s p conclusions us b sis , it l be th e i a a r e far as a e wil found , though orig n l utho iti s , so cc ssible , a e ee e a i e a e e h as ee as few an d h v b n x m n d , th t th r b n occ ion for but a r w s a ar comparatively slight changes . This utho ity a not only f mili all th e r s ear an d a e a e a h ad with of wo k , ly l t , be ring on this subj ct th t ee l e his e a s h ad a e b n pub ish d up to tim , but he l o ccess to num rous unpublished documents . e e e wi l are e u a e As th s not s l show , there some oth r ling istic n m s h e th e e e e are e e e a a e th e whic , in vi w of vid nc , ntitl d p rh ps to pl c s on ma h as ee ere e e ere er p , but it b n consid d b st to omit th m wh v much h e an d er a e . as ee doubt xists It b n found impossibl , p h ps it will a a re a d a e the a e area h the lw ys m in so , to in ic t sm ll r linguistic s wit in Th a s in r an a a d ard . e a a m jor stock confo mity with y bsolute st n M y n , a e a Z ea an d a th e a a a s are th e nl Z pot c n , oqu n , p rt of N hu tl n stock o y e a a ri rea e hi a er on s which could be s tisf cto ly t t d in t s m nn , but it must be remembered that many others would be found to have similar sub r h divisions were data available .