Warm-Up

Prompt: Explain how the leader in the propaganda posters is an example of a “cult of personality”.

Cult of personality – a regime uses propaganda to create an idealized, heroic, and at times worshipful image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise Rise of Communism in China Imperial China Collapses

China was humiliated for years by outsiders Chinese ppl believed modernization and industrialization were the key for survival Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) and its leader Sun Yixian pushed for reforms Overthrow of the Qing emperor in 1911 – Sun became president of the new Republic of China Sun Yixian – Traditional & Modern Imperial China Collapses

Sun wanted a gov’t based on the “Three Principles of the People” Nationalism People’s rights – democracy People’s livelihood – econ. Security Sun lacked authority and mil. support to secure national unity Imperial China Collapses

 Sun turned over  WWI – major issues power to a powerful  Beijing declared general Yuan war against Germ. Shikai hoping they would  After he died in get back territory 1916, civil war after Germ. defeat broke out as power  Instead, this land fell to the provincial was given to Japan warlords/mil. leaders under the Treaty of Ver. Imperial China Collapses

• News of the Treaty of Ver. spread outrage across China • May 4, 1919 – 3K students demonstrated in Beijing and spread across China • May Fourth Movement • Showed commitment to the goal of est. a strong, modern gov’t • Shift from Western demo. to Soviet communism May Fourth Movement The Communist Party in China 1921 – group met in Shanghai to organize the Communist Party (CP); among them was Mao Zedong Mao believed he could bring rev. to a rural country w/ the peasants as the revolutionaries TPS: Why does Mao believe peasants would make true revolutionaries? Nationalist Party (NP) set up control in south China – allied themselves with the Communist party Mao Zedong The Communist Party in China

After Sun Yixian died in 1925, the new leader Jiang Jieshi promised democracy and pol. rights to all Chinese NP was actually corrupt and less demo. – peasants threw support to the CP Primary Source Qs – Report on the Investigation of the Peasant Mvmt in Hunan (March 1927) – answer in your notes! Civil War in China

April 1927 – NP moved on Shanghai, nearly wipe out the CP Jiang became president, but betrayal towards CP started a civil war Civil War in China

Nationalists vs. Communists Mao recruited peasants to join his Red Army Recall: Where else did we have a “Red Army”? Trained in guerrilla warfare Holed up in south China in the hills Civil War in China The Long March • In 1933, Jiang and the NP gathered 700K troops to take over CP in the mountains • 100K CP fled and began a hazardous, 6000 mi. journey called the Long March • 1934-1935 – CP kept running from NP troops, thousands died from hunger, cold, exposure, and battle wounds The Long March The Long March Civil War in China

 After a year of marching, Mao and 7-8K survivors settled in caves in NW China  Meanwhile, the Japanese invade China in 1937; took control of a large part of China  Civil war forced into truce to fight off the Japanese Civil War in China

 NP and CP temporarily united to fight the Jp.  TPS: Did Jiang and Mao resolve their differences?  Agreed to promote the original “Three Principles of the People”  Summary Q: How did the Chinese people assert their power in reaction to foreign influence? The Long March: A Poem by Mao Zedong

The Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March And thinks nothing of a thousand mountains and rivers. The Wuling Ridges spread out like ripples; The Wumeng Ranges roll like balls of clay. Warmly are the cliffs wrapped in clouds washed by the Gold Sand; Chilly are the iron chains lying across the width of the Great Ferry. A thousand acres of snow on the Min Mountain delight My troops who have just left them behind. — Mao Zedong, September 1935 From David L. Weitzman, Mao Tse-tung and The Chinese Revolution. The Long March Assignment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5cl0GjPjy4 – Start at 38:00 – 46:00  As you watch the video, write down 2-3 images described or shown. Choose one image and draw it out. Then write a short (2 paragraph) journal entry written from the perspective of a soldier who participated in the Long March.  Your final product should include: 1. an image (drawing, sketch) in color and 2. a journal entry (2 paragraph min.)